Smaller, Better, More: Five Decades of Advances in Geochemistry
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THE GEOCHEMICAL NEWS Quarterly Newsletter of the Geochemical Society
THE GEOCHEMICAL NEWS Quarterly Newsletter of The Geochemical Society NUMBER 101 ISSN 0016-7010 OCTOBER 1999 Life Keeps Getting Better - page 19 In this issue: Of Knights and Barons.....................................6 ISSOL ‘99 Meeting Report..............................7 Minutes of the Annual GS Board Meeting.......8 A Portrait of Sir Keith O’Nions A Portrait of Professor Sir Keith O’Nions.....10 Life Keeps Getting Better...............................19 - page 10 Astrobiology: A New Science........................22 Meetings Calendar .........................................23 Goldschmidt 2000 GS Special Publications..................................26 Oxford, U. K. GS Membership Application .........................27 September 3-8, 2000 http://www.campublic.co.uk/science/conference/Gold2000 2 The Geochemical News #101, October 1999 THE GEOCHEMICAL SOCIETY The Geochemical Society is a nonprofit scientific society founded to encourage the application of chemistry to the solution of geologi- cal and cosmological problems. Membership is international and diverse in background, encompassing such fields as organic geochem- istry, high and low-temperature geochemistry, petrology, meteorit- ics, fluid-rock interaction, and isotope geochemistry. The Society produces a Special Publications Series, The Geochemical News OFFICERS - 1999 (this quarterly newsletter), the Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochem- istry Series (jointly with the Mineralogical Association of America), PRESIDENT Michael J. Drake, University of Arizona and the journal Geochimica -
Role of Mineral Surfaces in Prebiotic Chemical Evolution. in Silico Quantum Mechanical Studies
life Review Role of Mineral Surfaces in Prebiotic Chemical Evolution. In Silico Quantum Mechanical Studies Albert Rimola 1,*, Mariona Sodupe 1 and Piero Ugliengo 2,* 1 Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; [email protected] 2 Dipartimento di Chimica and Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces (NIS), Università degli Studi di Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy * Correspondence: [email protected] (A.R.); [email protected] (P.U.); Tel.: +39-011-670-4596 (P.U.) Received: 1 December 2018; Accepted: 12 January 2019; Published: 17 January 2019 Abstract: There is a consensus that the interaction of organic molecules with the surfaces of naturally-occurring minerals might have played a crucial role in chemical evolution and complexification in a prebiotic era. The hurdle of an overly diluted primordial soup occurring in the free ocean may have been overcome by the adsorption and concentration of relevant molecules on the surface of abundant minerals at the sea shore. Specific organic–mineral interactions could, at the same time, organize adsorbed molecules in well-defined orientations and activate them toward chemical reactions, bringing to an increase in chemical complexity. As experimental approaches cannot easily provide details at atomic resolution, the role of in silico computer simulations may fill that gap by providing structures and reactive energy profiles at the organic–mineral interface regions. Accordingly, numerous computational studies devoted to prebiotic chemical evolution induced by organic–mineral interactions have been proposed. The present article aims at reviewing recent in silico works, mainly focusing on prebiotic processes occurring on the mineral surfaces of clays, iron sulfides, titanium dioxide, and silica and silicates simulated through quantum mechanical methods based on the density functional theory (DFT). -
Mobility Statistics and Automated Hazard Mapping for Debris Flows and Rock Avalanches
Mobility Statistics and Automated Hazard Mapping for Debris Flows and Rock Avalanches Scientific Investigations Report 2007–5276 Version 1.1 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Mobility Statistics and Automated Hazard Mapping for Debris Flows and Rock Avalanches By Julia P. Griswold and Richard M. Iverson Scientific Investigations Report 2007–5276 Version 1.1 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior DIRK KEMPTHORNE, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Mark D. Myers, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2008 Revised 2014 This report and any updates to it are available at: http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5276/ For product and ordering information: World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS For more information on the USGS--the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment: World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted materials contained within this report. Suggested citation: Griswold, J.P., and Iverson, R.M., 2008, Mobility statistics and automated hazard mapping for debris flows and rock avalanches (ver. 1.1, April 2014): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5276, 59 p. Manuscript approved for publication, December 12, 2007 Text edited by Tracey L. -
Probing the Earth's Deep Interior Through Geochemistry
Probing the Earth’s Deep Interior Through Geochemistry White, W. M. (2015). Probing the Earth’s Deep Interior through Geochemistry. Geochemical Perspectives, 4(2), 95-251. European Association of Geochemistry Version of Record http://cdss.library.oregonstate.edu/sa-termsofuse Volume 4, number 2 | October 2015 Probing the Earth’s Deep Interior Through Geochemistry WILLIAM M. WHITE WILLIAM Each issue of Geochemical Perspectives pre- sents a single article with an in-depth view Editorial Board on the past, present and future of a field of geochemistry, seen through the eyes of highly Liane G. BenninG respected members of our community. The GFZ Postdam, Germany articles combine research and history of the University of Leeds, UK field’s development and the scientist’s opinions about future directions. We welcome personal glimpses into the author’s scientific life, how Janne BLicHerT-TofT ideas were generated and pitfalls along the way. ENS Lyon, France Perspectives articles are intended to appeal to the entire geochemical community, not only to experts. They are not reviews or monographs; they go beyond the current state of the art, im lliott providing opinions about future directions and T e University of Bristol, UK impact in the field. Copyright 2015 European Association of Geochemistry, EAG. All rights reserved. This journal and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copy- right by the EAG. The following terms and conditions eric H. oeLkers apply to their use: no part of this publication may be University College London, UK reproduced, translated to another language, stored CNRS Toulouse, France in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, graphic, mechanical, photo- copying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission of the publisher. -
Quantification of Water in Hydrous Ringwoodite
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE published: 28 January 2015 EARTH SCIENCE doi: 10.3389/feart.2014.00038 Quantification of water in hydrous ringwoodite Sylvia-Monique Thomas 1*,StevenD.Jacobsen2, Craig R. Bina 2, Patrick Reichart 3, Marcus Moser 3, Erik H. Hauri 4, Monika Koch-Müller 5,JosephR.Smyth6 and Günther Dollinger 3 1 Department of Geoscience, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA 2 Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA 3 Department für Luft- und Raumfahrttechnik LRT2, Universität der Bundeswehr München, Neubiberg, Germany 4 Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, DC, USA 5 Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam, Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum (GFZ), Potsdam, Germany 6 Department of Geological Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA Edited by: Ringwoodite, γ-(Mg,Fe)2SiO4, in the lower 150 km of Earth’s mantle transition zone Mainak Mookherjee, Cornell (410–660 km depth) can incorporate up to 1.5–2wt% H2O as hydroxyl defects. We University, USA present a mineral-specific IR calibration for the absolute water content in hydrous Reviewed by: ringwoodite by combining results from Raman spectroscopy, secondary ion mass Geoffrey David Bromiley, University of Edinburgh, UK spectrometry (SIMS) and proton-proton (pp)-scattering on a suite of synthetic Mg- and Marc Blanchard, CNRS - Université Fe-bearing hydrous ringwoodites. H2O concentrations in the crystals studied here Pierre et Marie Curie, France range from 0.46 to 1.7wt% H2O (absolute methods), with the maximum H2Oin *Correspondence: the same sample giving 2.5 wt% by SIMS calibration. Anchoring our spectroscopic Sylvia-Monique Thomas, results to absolute H-atom concentrations from pp-scattering measurements, we report Department of Geoscience, University of Nevada Las Vegas, frequency-dependent integrated IR-absorption coefficients for water in ringwoodite −1 −2 4505 S. -
Family Group Sheets Surname Index
PASSAIC COUNTY HISTORICAL SOCIETY FAMILY GROUP SHEETS SURNAME INDEX This collection of 660 folders contains over 50,000 family group sheets of families that resided in Passaic and Bergen Counties. These sheets were prepared by volunteers using the Societies various collections of church, ceme tery and bible records as well as city directo ries, county history books, newspaper abstracts and the Mattie Bowman manuscript collection. Example of a typical Family Group Sheet from the collection. PASSAIC COUNTY HISTORICAL SOCIETY FAMILY GROUP SHEETS — SURNAME INDEX A Aldous Anderson Arndt Aartse Aldrich Anderton Arnot Abbott Alenson Andolina Aronsohn Abeel Alesbrook Andreasen Arquhart Abel Alesso Andrews Arrayo Aber Alexander Andriesse (see Anderson) Arrowsmith Abers Alexandra Andruss Arthur Abildgaard Alfano Angell Arthurs Abraham Alje (see Alyea) Anger Aruesman Abrams Aljea (see Alyea) Angland Asbell Abrash Alji (see Alyea) Angle Ash Ack Allabough Anglehart Ashbee Acker Allee Anglin Ashbey Ackerman Allen Angotti Ashe Ackerson Allenan Angus Ashfield Ackert Aller Annan Ashley Acton Allerman Anners Ashman Adair Allibone Anness Ashton Adams Alliegro Annin Ashworth Adamson Allington Anson Asper Adcroft Alliot Anthony Aspinwall Addy Allison Anton Astin Adelman Allman Antoniou Astley Adolf Allmen Apel Astwood Adrian Allyton Appel Atchison Aesben Almgren Apple Ateroft Agar Almond Applebee Atha Ager Alois Applegate Atherly Agnew Alpart Appleton Atherson Ahnert Alper Apsley Atherton Aiken Alsheimer Arbuthnot Atkins Aikman Alterman Archbold Atkinson Aimone -
Erik H. Hauri
Erik H. Hauri Carnegie Institution of Washington Department of Terrestrial Magnetism 5241 Broad Branch Road NW Washington, DC 20015 (202) 478-8471 [email protected] Born April 25, 1966, Waukegan, Illinois Married, 3 children Home Address: 12703 Young Lane North Potomac, MD 20878 (301) 926-8011 B.S. (Honors) 1988, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida Geology, Marine Science double major; Chemistry minor Senior Thesis: "Radiocarbon Stratigraphy of a Native American Settlement on the St. Johns River, Volusia County, Florida" Ph.D. 1992, Massachusetts Institute of Technology/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Joint Program in Oceanography Thesis Title: "Geochemical and Fluid Dynamic Investigations into the Nature of Chemical Heterogeneity in the Earth's Mantle" Ph.D. ADVISORS: Stanley R. Hart, Nobu Shimizu AWARDS AND HONORS Isaac Bashevis Singer Fellowship, University of Miami, Florida, 1984 Outstanding Scholar Award, Department of Geology, University of Miami, Florida, 1988 Phi Beta Kappa, University of Miami, Florida, 1988 Ruth and Paul Fye Award, Best Student Paper, Department of Geology and Geophysics, MIT-Woods Hole Joint Program in Oceanography, 1992 F. G. Houtermans Medal, European Association of Geochemistry, 2000 James B. Macelwane Medal, American Geophysical Union, 2000 Fellow, American Geophysical Union, 2000 Fellow, Geochemical Society, 2015 Fellow, European Association of Geochemistry, 2015 RESEARCH INTERESTS Geochemical evolution of the Earth's mantle, crust and hydrosphere Systematics and evolution of volatiles and stable -
European Association of Geochemistry
European Association of Geochemistry www.eag.eu.com 2015 EAG MEDALLISTS Houtermans Award to Caroline Peacock Urey Award to Al Hofmann Caroline Peacock (University of Leeds, UK) obtained her undergraduate and PhD degrees from Albrecht Hofmann (Max Planck Institut für the University of Bristol (UK) where she helped Chemie, Germany) has been awarded the 2015 Urey pioneer the combined application of synchrotron Medal. His detailed chemical studies of mantle- spectroscopy, quantum mechanical modelling and derived volcanic rocks are distinguished by their experimental approaches to studying molecular creative approaches to understand the processes interactions between metals, minerals and microbes. controlling trace-element variability in lavas. Al’s Caroline continued this work during a lectureship work not only defi ned some of the chemical varia- at the University of Southampton (UK), before tions that exist in the mantle but also helped to moving to Leeds in 2009, where she is now an associate professor. Her explain why they exist and their relationship to many achievements include developing the fi rst molecular thermo- Earth’s dynamic interior. His decades-long direction of the Max Planck dynamic models to predict trace-metal abundance and stable-isotope Institut für Chemie built the laboratory into a world-renowned centre fractionation in seawater and marine sediments. Caroline is also among for geochemistry and a training ground for many of today’s top high- the fi rst to show that molecular processes at the surfaces of Fe–Mn temperature geochemists. Through his own scientifi c achievements minerals are the primary control on the global abundance and distribu- and his many leadership roles in the geochemistry community, Al tion of many bioessential metals in seawater. -
Hearst Corporation Los Angeles Examiner Photographs, Negatives and Clippings--Portrait Files (A-F) 7000.1A
http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/c84j0chj No online items Hearst Corporation Los Angeles Examiner photographs, negatives and clippings--portrait files (A-F) 7000.1a Finding aid prepared by Rebecca Hirsch. Data entry done by Nick Hazelton, Rachel Jordan, Siria Meza, Megan Sallabedra, and Vivian Yan The processing of this collection and the creation of this finding aid was funded by the generous support of the Council on Library and Information Resources. USC Libraries Special Collections Doheny Memorial Library 206 3550 Trousdale Parkway Los Angeles, California, 90089-0189 213-740-5900 [email protected] 2012 April 7000.1a 1 Title: Hearst Corporation Los Angeles Examiner photographs, negatives and clippings--portrait files (A-F) Collection number: 7000.1a Contributing Institution: USC Libraries Special Collections Language of Material: English Physical Description: 833.75 linear ft.1997 boxes Date (bulk): Bulk, 1930-1959 Date (inclusive): 1903-1961 Abstract: This finding aid is for letters A-F of portrait files of the Los Angeles Examiner photograph morgue. The finding aid for letters G-M is available at http://www.usc.edu/libraries/finding_aids/records/finding_aid.php?fa=7000.1b . The finding aid for letters N-Z is available at http://www.usc.edu/libraries/finding_aids/records/finding_aid.php?fa=7000.1c . creator: Hearst Corporation. Arrangement The photographic morgue of the Hearst newspaper the Los Angeles Examiner consists of the photographic print and negative files maintained by the newspaper from its inception in 1903 until its closing in 1962. It contains approximately 1.4 million prints and negatives. The collection is divided into multiple parts: 7000.1--Portrait files; 7000.2--Subject files; 7000.3--Oversize prints; 7000.4--Negatives. -
Presentation of the Dana Medal of the Mineralogical Society of America for 2012 to Roberta L
American Mineralogist, Volume 97, page 1816, 2012 Presentation of the Dana Medal of the Mineralogical Society of America for 2012 to Roberta L. Rudnick ALBRECHT HOFMANN Max Planck Institut for Chemistry, Postfach 3060, 55020 Mainz, Germany Friends, Mineralogists, Geochemists, Goldsmiths: than 200 km, and she showed that heat production in those We are here to honor Roberta Rudnick for her contributions cratons is much lower than had been inferred from mantle xe- to our science. noliths in kimberlites. Her work with Shan Gao on the history Roberta’s career and her science have been globe encircling. of decratonization of the North China craton, and the related She started out in Portland, Oregon, went on for a Master’s foundering of mafic crust, have become classics and the basis Degree at one of those places with incongruous names—“Paris, for intense current research. Texas,” comes to mind—well, actually it was “Alpine, Texas,” As a sideline, during past few years she invested quite an ef- all part of United Plates of America, I guess, and ended up with fort to use lithium isotopes as tracers of chemical weathering and a Ph.D. at ANU on the far side. crustal recycling. Lithium is definitely a tricky tracer, because it From there she came to the Max Planck Institute in Mainz, is subject to severe kinetic effects, and her work with her graduate then back to ANU, on to Harvard, where she had the audacity student Teng showed, among other things, that against previous to turn down the tenure offered to her(!), and finally landed at expectations, weathering makes for lighter, rather than heavier the University of Maryland. -
Constraining Crustal Silica on Ancient Earth
Constraining crustal silica on ancient Earth C. Brenhin Kellera,1 and T. Mark Harrisonb,1 aDepartment of Earth Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755; and bDepartment of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 Contributed by T. Mark Harrison, July 21, 2020 (sent for review May 15, 2020; reviewed by Francis Albarede` and Jun Korenaga) Accurately quantifying the composition of continental crust on make our planet habitable: erosion by the wind, rain, and ice of Hadean and Archean Earth is critical to our understanding of the an active hydrosphere; the slow return of ancient felsic crust to physiography, tectonics, and climate of our planet at the dawn the mantle by sediment subduction and subduction–erosion; and of life. One longstanding paradigm involves the growth of a rel- the assimilation and metamorphism accompanying the birth of atively mafic planetary crust over the first 1 to 2 billion years new crust from mantle-derived magma (e.g., ref. 22). In compar- of Earth history, implying a lack of modern plate tectonics and ison to currently quiescent worlds like Mars (23) or our Moon a paucity of subaerial crust, and consequently lacking an effi- (24), most of Earth’s crust is geologically young (25). While cient mechanism to regulate climate. Others have proposed a this first-order challenge is well known, recent estimates of the more uniformitarian view in which Archean and Hadean conti- composition of Earth’s Archean crust have nonetheless reached nents were only slightly more mafic than at present. Apart from widely divergent results, from mafic (15–18) to felsic (26–28). -
THE GEOCHEMICAL NEWS Quarterly Newsletter of the Geochemical Society
THE GEOCHEMICAL NEWS Quarterly Newsletter of The Geochemical Society NUMBER 100 ISSN 0016-7010 JULY 1999 Digging for the Roots of Geochemistry 9th V.M. Goldschmidt Conference In this issue: Harvard University Cambridge, MA, U. S. A. August 22-27, 1999 Van der Weijden Retires..................................7 Digging for the Roots of Geochemistry..........10 Contact: In Memoriam - Werner Stumm......................16 When Did The Earth’s Atmosphere Become Stein B. Jacobsen Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Oxic? A Reply.....................................20 Harvard University Meetings Calendar .........................................23 Cambridge MA 02138 U.S.A. GS Special Publications..................................26 Phone: 617-495-5233 GS Membership Application .........................27 Fax: 617-496-4387 E-mail: [email protected] (see page 5 for more information) 2 The Geochemical News #100, July 1999 THE GEOCHEMICAL SOCIETY The Geochemical Society is a nonprofit scientific society founded to encourage the application of chemistry to the solution of geologi- cal and cosmological problems. Membership is international and diverse in background, encompassing such fields as organic geochem- istry, high and low-temperature geochemistry, petrology, meteorit- ics, fluid-rock interaction, and isotope geochemistry. The Society produces a Special Publications Series, The Geochemical News OFFICERS - 1999 (this quarterly newsletter), the Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochem- istry Series (jointly with the Mineralogical Association of America), PRESIDENT Michael J. Drake, University of Arizona and the journal Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (jointly with the Meteoritical Society); grants the V.M. Goldschmidt, F.W. Clarke VICE PRESIDENT and Clair C. Patterson Awards, and, jointly with the European Michael F. Hochella, Jr., Virginia Polytechnic Institute Association of Geochemistry, the Geochemistry Fellows title; spon- sors the V.M.