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Mineral, Fluid and Thermal Evolution in Veins from Late Orogenic Coal Basins of the Cantabrian Zone (Variscan, Nw Spain)

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Mineral, Fluid and Thermal Evolution in Veins from Late Orogenic Coal Basins of the Cantabrian Zone (Variscan, Nw Spain) MINERAL, FLUID AND THERMAL EVOLUTION IN VEINS FROM LATE OROGENIC COAL BASINS OF THE CANTABRIAN ZONE (VARISCAN, NW SPAIN) INAUGURAL-DISSERTATION zur Erlangung der Doktorwürde der Naturwissenschaftlich-Mathematischen Gesamtfakultät der Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg vorgelegt von Ldo. Geología Fernando Ayllón aus Santander (Spanien) -2003- Gutachter 1: Priv. Doz. Dr. Laurence N. Warr Geologisch-Paläontologisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität, Im Neunheimer Feld 234, D-69120, Heidelberg, Deutschland Gutachter 2: Univ. Ass. Dr. Ronald J. Bakker Institut für Geowissenschaften, Abt. Mineralogie und Petrologie, Montan-Universität Leoben, Peter-Tunner Str. 5, A-8700, Leoben, Österreich Tag der Promotionsprüfung: 2003 View to the east of the Ciñera-Matallana coal basin from the summit of Alto La Peña (Llombera) “There is no problem so awful that you can’t add some guilt to it and make it even worse!” Bill Watterson, “Calvin and Hobbes” “It is a popular delusion that the scientific enquirer is under an obligation not to go beyond generalisation of observed facts...but anyone who is practically acquainted with scientific work is aware that those who refuse to go beyond the facts, rarely get as far” Thomas Henry Huxley “Truth in science can be defined as the working hypothesis best suited to open the way to the next better one” Konrad Lorenz Para Ana, por mantener siempre viva mi ilusión ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank in these lines all the people who in many different ways have made this work possible and these four years of life in Heidelberg a wonderful experience. In first place to my supervisors Laurence Warr and Ronald Bakker for their support, friendship and interest in this project. Above all for the many interesting discussions in which I have learnt so much about science and many other things. They have been a constant example of dedication to work and they are responsible for any good that this thesis may contain and for none of the mistakes. To those who have helped in the completion of the work. To Ramón Valle for making the most fortunate telephone call. To Martin Feely for giving the best recommendation. To Covadonga Brime, Fernando Álvarez, Susana García and Fernando Bastida for their trust, help and good advice in the initial stages of the work, always the most difficult ones. To the DFG Graduierten Kolleg Program 273 “Fluid-Rock Interaction” for the three years of funding. To Odile Wallerath for preparing all my samples. To Michael Joachimski for measuring the stable isotopes of my carbonates and showing me Erlangen. To all the people of the Mineralogy Department at the University of Leoben for their friendliness, interest and fruitful discussions during my three long stays in Austria: Larryn, Johann, Oskar, Eugen, Harry, Paolo, Alistair and Kreshimir. To Roswitha Marioth for reading and correcting the final version of the manuscript. To all the personal, undergraduates and PhD students at the Geological Institute for all those shared happy moments. My roommates: Kai, Karsten and Thomas. And Hei- ko, Anja, Michael, Axel, Jana, Birgit, Gesine, Christina, Fabio, Jochen, Bernd, Agnes, Helga, Rainer, Edilma, Jens, Oliver, Claudia, Rike, Utz, Joe, Frank, Marcelo, Gerson, Martin, Aung Moe, Jörn and Peter. Zbynek, Marta, Francis and Juan deserve special mention, simply for being so great. To my flatmates Christian and Myriel for making my life at home easy and pleasant. To the “football gang”: Andreas, Eichkorn, Martin, Mathias, Alex, Sven, Gayus, Gregor and many others... for reminding me each Monday that there is more to life than just work. To other friends who have helped in different moments: Verena, Nils, Carlo, Oliver, Pedro, Heiko and Karine, Oscar, Bet, Berta and Rocío. To the best brotherhood of old friends from Santander, who always kept in touch and never doubted that I would get it finished: Javier, Ángel, Roberto, Saúl y Jose Antonio. And last but not least to my parents, Fernando and Amparo, and my sister Sarito for their unconditional support, for phoning everyday and for always being there when I needed them most. AGRADECIMIENTOS Quisiera en estas líneas agradecer a todos aquellos que de muy diversas maneras han contribuido a hacer posible este trabajo y a que mis cuatro años de vida en Heidelberg hayan sido una experiencia inolvidable. En primer lugar a mis supervisores Laurence Warr y Ronald Bakker por su apoyo, amistad e interés en este proyecto. Sobre todo por las muchas discusiones en las que tanto he aprendido sobre ciencia y otras muchas cosas. Ellos han sido un constante ejemplo de dedicación al trabajo y son responsables de los aciertos que esta tesis pueda contener y de ninguno de sus errores. A la gente que ha ayudado en la consecución del trabajo. A Ramón Valle por hacer la llamada telefónica más oportuna. A Martin Feely por dar la mejor recomendación. A Covadonga Brime, Fernando Álvarez, Susana García y Fernando Bastida por su confianza, ayuda y consejos en las etapas iniciales de este trabajo, siempre las más difíciles. Al Programa del DFG, Graduiertenkolleg 273 “Fluid-Rock Interaction” por los tres años de beca y financiación. A Odile Walerath por preparar todas mis muestras. A Michael M. Joachimski por medir los isótopos de mis carbonatos y mostrarme Erlangen. A la gente del departamento de Mineralogía de la Universidad de Leoben, por su simpatía, interés y fructíferas discusiones durante mis tres largas estancias en Austria: Larryn, Johann, Os- kar, Eugen, Harry, Paolo, Alistair y Kreshimir. A Roswitha Marioth por leer y corregir la versión final del manuscrito. A todo el personal, estudiantes y doctorandos del Instituto de Geología por todos los buenos momentos compartidos. Cada uno sabe lo que le toca. Mis compañeros de despacho: Kai, Karsten y Thomas. Y Heiko, Anja, Michael, Axel, Jana, Birgit, Gesine, Christina, Fabio, Jochen, Bernd, Agnes, Helga, Edilma, Jens, Oliver, Claudia, Rike, Utz, Joe, Frank, Marcelo, Gerson, Martin, Aung Moe, Jörn y Peter. Zbynek, Marta, Francis y Juan merecen mención aparte simplemente por ser así de geniales. A mis compañeros de piso Christian y Myriel, por hacerme fácil y agradable la vida en casa. A la entrañable “banda del futbol”: Andreas, Eichkorn, Martin, Mathias, Alex, Sven, Gayus, Gregor y otros muchos..., por recordarme cada lunes que la vida consiste en mucho más que el trabajo. A otros amigos que también han ayudado en distintos momentos: Verena, Nils, Carlo, Oliver, Heiko y Karine, Pedro, Oscar, Bet, Berta y Rocío. A la mejor cofradía de amigos de Santander, que mantuvieron el contacto y nunca dudaron de que conseguiría terminar: Javier, Ángel, Roberto, Saúl y Jose Antonio. Y por último a mis padres, Fernando y Amparo, y a mi hermana Sarito por su apoyo incondicional, por llamar cada día y por estar siempre ahí cuando lo he necesitado. DANKSAGUNG An dieser Stelle möchte ich allen danken, die auf verschiedenen Wegen diese Arbeit ermöglicht haben und mir die vier Jahre in Heidelberg unvergesslich machten. In erster Linie meinen Betreuern Laurence Warr und Ronald Bakker für ihren Rück- halt, ihre Freundschaft und ihr Interesse an diesem Projekt. Vor allem für die vielen Dis- kussionen, durch die ich so viel über Wissenschaft und vieles mehr gelernt habe. Sie sind für den Erfolg und nicht für die Fehler dieser Arbeit verantwortlich. An alle, die zum direkten Erfolg dieser Arbeit beigetragen haben. Ramón Valle, der den wichtigsten Telefonanruf tätigte und Martin Feely für die beste Empfehlung. Covadonga Brime, Fernando Álvarez, Susana García und Fernando Bastida für ihr Vertrauen, Hilfe und Ratschläge während der Anfänge dieser Arbeit, die immer am schwierigsten sind. Dem DFG Graduiertenkolleg Programm 273 “Einwirkung fluider Phasen auf Locker- und Festgesteine” für die dreijährige Finanzierung meiner Arbeit. Odile Wallerath für die Anfer- tigung aller meiner Proben. Michael M. Joachimski für die Isotopenmessungen der Karbonatproben und die Führung durch Erlangen. Den Mitarbeitern der Abteilung Minera- logie und Petrologie der Montan Universität Leoben für ihre Sympathie, Interesse und fruchtbaren Diskussionen während meiner drei langen Aufenthalte in Österreich: Larryn, Johann, Oskar, Eugen, Harry, Paolo, Alistair y Kreshimir. Roswitha Marioth für die Durch- sicht meiner Arbeit. An das ganze Personal, den Studenten und Doktoranden des Geologisch-Paläon- tologischen Institutes für die schöne gemeinsame Zeit. Meinen Zimmerkollegen: Kai, Car- sten und Thomas. Heiko, Anja, Michael, Axel, Jana, Birgit, Gesine, Christina, Fabio, Jo- chen, Bernd, Agnes, Helga, Edilma, Jens, Oliver, Claudia, Rike, Utz, Joe, Frank, Marcelo, Gerson, Martin, Aung Moe, Jörn und Peter. Zbynek, Marta, Francis und Juan möchte ich erwähnen, da sie so genial sind. Meinen Mitbewohnern Christian und Myriel, weil sie mir das Leben zuHause ein- fach und bequem gemacht haben. Der Fussballgang: Andreas, Eichkorn, Martin, Matthi- as, Alex, Sven, Gayus, Gregor und vielen anderen, die mich jeden Montag daran erinnert haben, dass es im Leben noch mehr gibt, als nur Arbeit. Den Freunden, die mir in ver- schiedensten Momenten geholfen haben: Verena, Nils, Carlo, Oliver, Heiko und Karine, Pedro, Oscar, Bet, Berta und Rocío.Meinen besten Freunden in Santander, die mit mir in Verbindung blieben und nie daran zweifelten, dass ich jemals fertig werde: Javier, Ángel, Roberto, Saúl y Jose Antonio. Zuletzt möchte ich meinen Eltern, Fernando und Amparo, sowie meiner Schwester Sarito für ihre bedingungslose Unterstützung und ihre täglichen Anrufe danken und dafür, dass sie immer für mich da waren. a) ich erkläre hiermit, daß ich die vorgelegte Dissertation selbst verfaßt und mich dabei keiner anderen als der von mir ausdrücklich bezeichneten Quellen und Hilfen bedient habe, b) ich erkläre hiermit, daß ich keiner anderen Stelle ein Prufüngsverfahren beantragt bzw. die Dissertation in dieser oder anderer Form bereits anderweitig als Prüfungsarbeit verwendet oder einer anderen Fakultät als Dissertation vorgelegt habe. Heidelberg, den 17/02/2003 Contents CONTENTS ABSTRACT LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1. THEME, OBJECTIVES AND STRUCTURE OF THE WORK 1 1.2.
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