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Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-61243-2 - The Germans in Australia Jurgen Tampke Index More information

Index

Abdulla, Mulla, 122 to Vic.,77–78 Aboriginal Australians, see Indigenous see also immigration agents Australians Australia, exploration, see explorers Adenauer, Konrad, 139 Australia/GDR Friendship Society, 151 Albert, Karl, 70 Australian Agricultural Company, 13 Alexander von Humboldt scheme to transport German Foundation, 150 convicts,23–24 Alisher, John, 153 Australian–German Welfare Society, All Nations Club, 145 149 Allgemeiner Deutscher Verein, 17, 104, ‘Australianising’,114–115, 123, 124 112, 146 Alt, Augustus Heinrich, 22 Ballhausen, Louis, 73–74 Alt, Elizabeth, 1 Barossa Valley (SA), 3, 31, 73 Alt, Jakob, 1, 22 winemakers and wine industry,90 Alt, (Jost) Heinrich, 1, 22 Bartels, Adolf Heinrich Friedrich, 91, Alt, Mary Anne, 22 104, 164 Ammer, Stephan, 152 Bartels, Josephine Olivia, 92 Angas, George Fife, 27 Basedow, Martin, 104 anglicising of names, see Bauer, Ferdinand Lucas, 33–34 ‘Australianising’ Bauer, Otto, 125 Aranda tribe, see Arrernte tribe Baumgartner, Leopold, 166 architects, 1, 98–99, 145, see also Beagle Bay mission, 70, 71, 119 Vahland, (Wilhelm) Carl Beale, Octavius, 93 Arrernte tribe, 66, 70 Becker, (Carl) Ludwig, 1, 46, 47, 91 artists, 51–52, 98, 101, 127, 153–154, Becker, Dr Johannes, 130, 135 see also Gu´erard, Eugene von Beckler, Hermann, 47 Asmis, Rudolf, 130, 131 Beinhorn, Elly, 128 assisted immigration, 7, 13–14, 25, 140 Beinssen, Ekkehard, 149 to NSW,75–78 Beinssen, Irmhild, 149 to Qld,86 Berlin (ship), 128 to Tas.,78, 88 Bertram, Carl Julius, 103

181

182 Index

Bertram, Hans, 129 post-WWI,127, 146–148 Bethesda mission (SA), 68–70, see also promotion of Deutschtum,115 Hermannsburg mission (SA) see also Allgemeiner Deutscher Verein; Bibra, Benedict von, 22 Concordia Club Bibra, Francis Ludwig von, 22 Colqhoun, J. C., 23 Bicentennial celebrations (1988), 150 commercial relations, see trade relations, Billeter, Walter, 155 German–Australian Bismarck, Otto von, 4, 108–109 companies, see trade relations, Blandowski, Wilhelm, 2, 52 German–Australian Blass, Wolf, 146 composers, see musicians and Bloomfield River mission, 70 composers Boecking, Henry, 43 Concordia Club, 127, 146, 147–148 Bohemian Brothers, 59 Nazi influence,132 Bohlens, Oluf, 136 promotion of Deutschtum,115 bounty schemes, see assisted soccer team,148, 167 immigration convicts, German origin, 23–24 Bracker, Friedrich, 25 Cordes, Johannes Dietrich, 136 Brahe, Alexander, 47 Crausaz, Adolf, 147 Braun, Eva, 134 cultural relations, 150–153 Breach, Elizabeth, 1 Brentano, Heinrich von, 139 Dallachy, John, 47 brewers, 101 Dalton, Brian, 42 Broken Hill Proprietary Company Darling, James, 153 (BHP), 2, 96, 117, 125 de Haas, Walter, 125 Brown (member of Leichardt’s de Murska, Ilma, 103 expedition), 43 De Vern, Frederick, 86 Buck, Frederick, 88 Delius, Edward, 77, 162 Bunce, Daniel, 43 deportations after World War Burge, W., 86 II, 135–137 Burgmann, Ernest Henry, 166 Detogardi, Johannes Nepomuk, 2, 92, Burgmann, Meredith, 166 105 Burke and Wills expedition, 1, 46–47, Deutscher Turnverein, 146 see also Becker, (Carl) Ludwig Deutschtum, 111–114, 115–116 businesspeople, 2, 91–92, 93, see also celebration in Australia,113 Detogardi, Johannes Nepomuk; Dieri tribe, 69, 70 Lindt, (Johannes) Wilhelm; Rasp, Diesendorf, Margret Charles (Carl) Dietrich, Amalia, 2, 54–56 Busing,¨ Hans, 128 Dietrich, Wilhelm, 54 diplomatic relations, Caesar (ship), 78 German–Australian, 111, 128 Calwell, Arthur, 135 after WWII,139 Carlhausen, Mrs, 121 Dir Brucke,¨ 147 Casey, Richard, 139 Ditterich, Carl, 166 Catteau Wattel (ship), 78 Donner, Helmut, 151 choral societies, 102 Dresden Mission Society, 58 Clausen, H. H., 118 Dullo, Walter, 151 Club Vorw¨arts, 17 Dunera boys, 133, 153 clubs and associations, 105 Dunstan, Donald, 164 19th century,17, 104 Dutton, William Hampdon, 31

Index 183

Eberhardt (ship), 7 German–Australian Steamship Eipper, Rev. Christoph, 58 Company, 12 Elsasser, Carl Gottlieb, 103 German–Australian Welfare Emden (ship), 117, 129 Association, 149 Emmerman, W., 86 German–Austrian–Swiss Employment of Scientific and Technical Association, 147 Enemy Aliens scheme, 139 ‘Germanphobia’, 117–120 Englert, Alderman, 123 after WWI,126–127 Ernst, Carl, 118 response from German Ettinghausen, Andrew, 166 Australians,120–121 Eureka Stockade, 85 Germany Evangelical Church in Australia (ELCA), British connections,21 32 conditions after WWII,18–19 explorers, 33–34, 36, 43–45 in East Asia/Western Pacific,110–111 see also Leichhardt, Ludwig (explorer) economic conditions,8–9, 11–16 expansionism,109–110 Finke River mission (SA), 65–68, 69, industrialisation,9 71 population growth,10–11 Finselbach, Dr Friedrich Wilhelm religious conditions,25–27 August, 120 reunification,107–108 Fischer, Tim, 166 unification,4–5, 108–109 Flauaus, Heinrich, 136 Getaschmann, Robert Elogius Flierl, Johannes, 68–69 Hermann, 98 flottenpolitik, 109–110 Gilbert, John, 42 Flugelman,¨ Bert, 153 Goddefroy, Johann Caesar, 54, 76, 80 Forst, Hans, 151 Goebbels, Joseph, 134 Forster, (Johann) Georg(e) Adam, 34–36 Goethe Institutes, 149, 150 Forster, Johann Reinhold, 34 gold rush, 15, 16, 85 48ers, 17, 90–92 Vic.,14, 78, see also miners and Fraenkel, Karl, 104 mining industry Franksen, Reinhard, 79 Goldner, Richard, 151 Frederick Wilhelm III, 28 Gollmiek, Herr, 98 religious reforms,25–27 Gool, Mahomed, 122 Frerck, Johannes, 130 Gosling,¨ Johann, 61, 62 Fritzsche, Pastor Gottlieb Daniel, 31, Gossner mission, 58 32 Graham, Ann, 153 Gramp, Johann, 100 Garland, R. V., 144 Grass, Gunther,¨ 107–108 GDR Ballet, 151 Gregory, A. C., 45, 48 George, Mary Anne, 22 Gresse, Wolfgang, 154 Gericke, Pastor W., 58 Griffith, Arthur, 125 German Academic Exchange Großer Kurfurst¨ (ship), 16 Service, 150 Gu´erard, Eugene von, 1, 47, 101 German Australians, census data, 3, 106, 133, 141, 161 H. C. Sloman & Co., 88 German Harmonie Club, 146 Haag, Stefan, 152 German identity, 4–5, see also Hadel, Gottfried, 24 Deutschtum Hafele, J., 86 German traditions, 163–165 Hahndorf (SA), 31, 73

184 Index

Hammerman, Bernard, 144–145 Homann, Louise, 64 Handt, Johann Christian Simon, 58 Homburg, Herman, 118 Hanson, Pauline, 161 Homburg, Robert, 104 Harms, Louis, 59, 60, 61, 62 Home, Rod, 164 Harms, Theodor, 59, 61, 65 Hubbe,¨ Ulrich, 91 Hatvani, Paul, 154–155 Hudtwalcker, Senator Hausmann, Pastor J. G., 58 reaction to Old Lutherans,29–30 Hawkers, Captain, 118 scheme to transport German Heidecke, Theodore, 102 convicts,23 Heidenreich, George, 61, 65 Hugel,¨ Baron Karl Alexander Anselm Heinz, Johann, 104 von, 36–38 Hellmut, Christian, 61 Hughes, W. M., 126 Hely, Hovenden, 43, 44, 45 Huppauff,¨ Bernd, 163 Herman, Sali, 153 Huppauff,¨ Ernst William, 163 Hermannsburg mission (SA), 62, 68, 125, 127 Immanuel Synod, see United Evangelical establishment,59 Church in Australia (UELCA) see also Bethesda mission (SA) immigration agents, 3, 14 Hermannsburger Missionanstalt, 59 promotion of Australia,14–15 difficulties,60–61 see also assisted immigration; Buck, mission stations,59 Frederick; Heussler, Johann women,60 Christian; Kirchner, Wilhelm see also Finke River mission (SA); immigration policies, 141, 159 Hermannsburg mission (SA); Lake assimilation,157 Killalpaninna mission (SA) see also assisted immigration; White Herrgott, Josef Albert Franz David, 2, Australia policy 51–52 Indigenous Australians Hertz, Dr Maximilian, 121 granted full citizenship,158 Herweg, Kurt, 151 relations with explorers,41–42, 54 Hess, Johanna, 149 relations with missionaries,62, 63–64, Heuss, President Theodor, 139 66 Heussler, Johann Christian, 14, 79–80, relations with settlers,37, 38, 85 81, 104 internment difficulties,80–82 camps,120 Heussler, Sophia Esther, 79 Torres Island,118 Heuzenrode, Moritz, 103 WWI,117, 121–124 Heysen, Hans, 102, 127 WWII,133 Heysen, Nora, 154 Isle, Ruth, 149 Hirsch, Maximilian, 104 Hirsch, Paul, see Hatvani, Paul Jacob, Ernst, 62, 68 Hirschfeld, Dr Eugen, 117, 127 ‘Jennings Germans’, 140 Hirschfeld-Mack, Ludwig, 153 Jewish migration, 133 Hitler, Adolf, 134 Jurgensen, Manfred, 155–156 Hollemann, Yde, 33 Holt, Harold, 141 Kaempffer, Eduard, 118 Holtermann, Bernard Otto, 2, 94, 104 Kavel, Pastor August Christian, 27, 28, photographs by,95, 96, 97 30, 129 Holtzer, Maurice, 164 leads UELCA,32 Homann, Ernst, 61, 62, 64 Kempe, Hermann, 65, 66, 67

Index 185

Kersten, Lee, 163 Lendenfled, Robert Ignaz Lendlmayer Kiliani, Mr, 120 von, 2, 53 King, Inge, 153 Liebe, Friedrich Wilhelm Gustav, 99 Kirchner, Frances Murdoch, 75 Linden, Otto, 103 Kirchner, Wilhelm Lindt, (Johannes) Wilhelm, 2, 92 agent for NSW,14, 76 photographs by,93 agent for Qld,82, 86, 88 Linger, Carl, 102, 164–165 evidence to inquiry,79 Luckner, Count von, 137 promotion of Australia,15 Luther, Friedrich Wilhelm Christian, 99 Klausemann, Adolf, 129 Lutheran Church, 60, 112, 128 Klemzig (SA), 29, 30–32 doctrinal disputes,32, 65 Klevesahl, Agnes, 98 maintaining German Koch, Johann Augustus Bernard, 98 language,115–116 Koch, Wilhelm, 63 Luthke,¨ Folkert, 19 Kohl, Helmut, 139, 140 Lyons, J. A., 129 Kohler,¨ Robert Julius, 137 Kopp, Julius, 103 Macarthur, Edward, 14, 25 Korff, John, 93 Macarthur, Emmeline, 42 Krausmann, Rudi, 155 Macarthur, William, 14, 25 Krefft, Johann Ludwig, 2, 53 McCoy, Frederick, 53 Kreschmann, Karl, 103 McIlwraith, Thomas, 84 Krichauff, Eduard Heinrich Wulf, 91 McKinnon, Margaret, 22 Krips, Henry, 151 Mann, John, 43, 44 Kronheimer, Josef, 93 Marburg (Qld), 74, 105 Kruse, Johann, 105 Marlow, Marianne, 42 Kruse, Johannes Secundus, 103 Marx, Bernd, 45 Kurze Beschreibung der Kolonie Mattner, Edward, 126 Queensland,79 Mencken, Friedrich, 2, 100 Menge, Johannes, 2, 38–39 La Trobe, Charles, 76 Menkens, Frederick Bernhardt, 98 Ladendorf, Walther, 130 Menz, Johann, 93 Lake Killalpaninna mission (SA) Menz Biscuit Factory, 164 first,61–62 Menzies, Sir Robert, 139 second,62–65, 71 merchants Lang, Eleanour, 153–154 19th century,22 Lang, Rev. J. Dunmore, 58 20th century, see businesspeople Langer, Allen, 166 Metternich, Clemens von, 36 Laucke, Conrad, 163 Metzler, Paul, 125 Lehmann, Darren, 166 migrants’ adaptation to Australian Lehmann, Friedrich, 24 society, 141 Leichhardt, Ludwig (descendant of migration (of Germans to Australia), 20, explorer), 151 126 Leichhardt, Ludwig (explorer), 1, 40, 42, political factors,17–18 46 post-WWII,3–4, 138, 139–142, 159 before arrival in Australia,39–40 pull factors,159–161 disappearance,45–46 20th century,19 first expedition,40–42 push factors,8–13, 161 second expedition,43–45 19th century,5, 11–16 Leichhardt Expo, 46, 164 20th century,18–19

186 Index

migration (of Germans) (cont.) New South Wales religious factors,16–17 exploration,37 transport conditions,78–79, 81, 88 immigration to,3, 76 migration theories, 6 newspapers, 104–106, 128 psychological factors,19–20 Newton, Helmut, 154 push-pull theory,6–8 Nicholson, William, 39 miners and mining industry, 2, 73, Niemeyer, H. F., 117 93–98 Niemoller,¨ Pastor Martin, 138 missionary activity Niguet, Pastor J. P., 58 in Australia,58–59 Nossal, Sir Gustav, 166 in Germany,57 historical interpretation,57 Occupied Europe Relief Society, 149 see also Hermannsburger Old Lutherans, 17 Missionanstalt; Moravians; migration to SA,25, 27–30 Neuendettelsauer Missionsanstalt; opposition to reform,27 Pallatine order settlement in SA,30–32 Mitchell, Sir Thomas, 41 One Nation Party, 161 Monash, Sir John, 125 Monzel, Frederick, 117 Pabst, Christian, 24 Moravians Paech family, 162 immigration to SA,74 Pallottine order, 70 missionary activity,59, 70 Paradies, Heinrich, 2, 88 Muecke, Carl Wilhelm Ludwig, 90, parliamentarians, 92, 104 105 Pelzer, August, 163 Muecke, Hugo Carl Emil, 92, 117 Perry, James, 43 Mueller, Baron Sir Ferdinand Jakob Pfeiffer, Friedrich August, 2, 88, 93 Heinrich von, 1, 47, 49–50, 164 Phillip, Governor Arthur, 1, 22 botanical collecting,47–49 photographers, 92, 154 Director, Botanic Gardens see also Holtermann, Bernard Otto; (Melbourne),48 Lindt, (Johannes) Wilhelm honours,49 Pilger, John Richard, 166 multiculturism, 141 Plate, Oskar, 125 Musica Viva Society of Australia, 151 Pohl, Sigfried (Ziggy), 142 musicians and composers, 98, 102–103, politicians and politics, 103–104 151, 152–153 see also parliamentarians see also Linger, Carl Port Phillip District, see Victoria Power, Dr John, 145 Nationalfest, 112–114 Power Foundation, 145 Nazi Party Preiss, Johann Ludwig, 51 organisation in Australia,130–133 Prerauer, Curt, 151 seizure of power,130 prisoners of war, 122 Neuendettelsauer Missionsanstalt, 68–70 Prussian Evangelical Church, 117 Neu-Hermannsburg (SA) Puttmann,¨ Carl, 102 see Hermannsburg mission (SA) Puttmann,¨ Hermann, 91, 105 Neu-Klemzig (SA) see Klemzig (SA) Queensland Neumayer, Georg Baltasar von, 2, 52, immigration to,3 53 19th century immigration to,79–82, ‘New Australians’, 157 86–88 New Guinea, 110, 126 rural migrants,82–85

Index 187

Rackemann, Carl, 166 Seidler, Harry, 145 Rantsch, Carl, 24 Seppelt, Joseph Ernst, 100 Rasp, Agnes, 98 Seppelt, Oscar Benno Pedro, 101 Rasp, Charles (Carl), 2, 95 Sieber, Franz Wilhelm, 51 Rathenau, Walter, 152 Siebert, Otto, 69 Reimers, Christian, 102 Siede, Julius, 103 Reinmann, Immanuel Gotthold, 103 Siegel, Andrew, 103 Resch, Edmund, 2, 101, 118 Skerst, Arno von, 130–132, 137–138 Resch, Emil, 2, 101 Snowy Mountains project, 140 Resch, Richard, 2, 101 soccer, 148, 166 Resch’s Brewery, 101, 102 Sommer, Ferdinand von, 51 Reuther, Johannes, 69 South Australia Rhein-Donau Club, 146 exploration,38 Riegel, Wolfgang, 69 immigration to,2 Rockstroh, Matilda, 118 19th century immigration to,72–75, Roderick, Colin, 42 85 Rose, Fred Old Lutherans,25 Roth, Adam, 76, 101 South Australian Company, 38 Rudiger,¨ Anna Elizabeth, 162 sportspeople, 166 Rudiger,¨ Christian, 162 Stelz, Johann Martin, 79 Ruhno, William, 120 Sterling, Frances Murdoch, 75 Rumker,¨ Christian Karl Ludwig, 51 Stieglitz, Baron Heinrich von, 23 Rumph, Jacob, 121 Strangeway Act 1869, 85 rural migrants, 82–85 Strauss, Alderman, 123 Strehlow, Carl Sachse, Otto, 104 artefacts collected,164 Samuel, Richard Herbert, 150 Bethesda mission (SA),69 Schaeffer, Alderman, 123 doubts about mission,127 Schaeffer, Manfred, 166 during WWI,125 Schaeffer, Margaret, 22 Hermannsburg mission (SA),68, 70 Schaeffer, Phillip, 1, 22 Strehlow, Theodor, 127, 164 Schall, Ekkehard, 151 Stuart, John McDouall, 45, 51 Scheel, Walter, 139 sugar industry, 87 Scheibel, Johann Gottfried, 27 Scheinpflug, Les, 166 Tasmania Schmidt, August, 118 exploration,37 Schmidt, Rev. Carl Wilhlem, 58 19th century immigration to,78, 88 Schoknecht, Carl, 64 immigration to,3 Schomburgk, Otto, 90 Teichelmann, C. G., 58, 163 Schomburgk, Richard, 90, 164 Templer Society, 133, 164 schools, German language, 74, 115, 150 Teutonia Club, 146 Schulz, Gerhard Thonen, E., 86 Schulze, Louis, 66, 67 Tiedemann, Walter, 104, 164 Schurmann,¨ C. W., 58, 163 Tintner, Georg, 151 Schwarz, Wilhelm, 65, 66, 67 Tirpitz, Alfred von, 110 scientists, 36–39, 47–51, 52–56 Tivoli Club, 115, 146 see also Blandowski, Wilhelm; trade relations, German–Australian, 128, Dietrich, Amalia; Mueller, Baron 142–144 Sir Ferdinand Jakob Heinrich after WWII,138 von Trading with the Enemy Act, 125

188 Index

Troedel, Theodor Karl (Charles), 93 exploration,37 Turnbull, Henry Matthew, 43 19th century immigration to,88 Westgarth, Sophia Esther, 79 United Evangelical Church in Australia Westgarth, William, 77–78 (UELCA), 32, 116 White Australia policy, 19, 157–159 Ursuline Sisters, 17 Whitlam, Gough, 139, 159 Utz, John Frederick, 166 winemakers and wine industry, 99–101, 146 Vahland, (Wilhelm) Carl, 2, 98, 99 NSW,25, 76 Van Diemen’s Land, see Tasmania SA,90 Verein Vorw¨arts, 104 Vic.,77 Victoria Wommai (member of Leichhardt’s immigration to,3 expedition), 43 19th century immigration to,76–78, World War I, 110, 116, 125 85 Australian domestic intelligence see also gold rush systems,117 Vogelsgang, Dorothea, 63, 64 Australian response Vogelsgang, Hermann (jnr), 70 historical interpretation,126 Vogelsgang, Hermann (snr), 61, 62, 68 see also ‘Germanphobia’ effect on German Wagner, Eva, 151 Australians,123–124, 125–126 Wakefield scheme, 72 in SA,124 Waldeck family, 163 in Tas.,124 war criminals, 140 in WA,124 Waschatz, Otto, 98 internment, see internment Watson, J. C., 104 World War II Weizs¨acker, Richard von, 139 Australia,135 welfare societies, 149 effect on German Australians,138 Wends, 75 Germany,134–135 Wenkart, Alfred, 151 internment, see internment Werder, Felix, 151 writers, 154 Wertheim, Hugo, 93 Western Australia, 3 Zoeller, Carl, 127