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Explorers and Voyagers History Explorers and Voyagers Pupil Workbook Year 2, Unit 4 Name: Existing Knowledge: What do you know about explorers and voyagers? Write down anything you already know about explorers or voyagers around the picture below. You could also write down anything you know about the world. 40AD 43AD 60AD 71AD 77AD 83AD 1 Session 1: What is an explorer and who was Marco Polo? Key Knowledge Key Vocabulary An explorer is a person who explores a new or unfamiliar area explorer Marco Polo is an explorer, famous for his voyages to China voyager and central Asia prosperous The Silk Road was a network of routes used by merchants to transport goods from China to Europe. merchant lucrative His book ‘The Travels of Marco Polo’ inspired fellow explorer Christopher Columbus advisor An explorer is someone who explores a new or unfamiliar area or place. Explorers do not need to travel the whole world. Marco Polo was a great explorer. Marco Polo was born in Venice in Italy in 1254. The blue map points to where Italy is and the yellow map points to where Venice is in Italy. The painting shows what it may have been like in Venice at this time 2 Task: What can you learn about Venice in the past from this painting and from where it is on the two maps? ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ The maps show us that Venice was next to the sea. We can see from the painting that lots of ships could visit from other places. Venice became very powerful because lots of people visited to buy and sell things. Marco Polo’s mother died when he was born so he was looked after by his aunt and uncle. His father and uncle were both merchants and his father working at sea when his mother died. A merchant is someone who trades things and they would be away for long periods of time. After Marco Polo’s father came home to Venice after travelling, he finally found out that his wife had died. Marco was 15 years old by the time this happened. Task: Why do you think Marco’s father did not find out about his wife for 15 years? ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ 3 The Silk Road Instead of leaving Marco at home in Venice, his father and his uncle thought that it would be better to take Marco back to China with them. In 1271 they left for their journey. They used a route called the Silk Road to travel to China from Italy. The Silk Road is 5000 miles long. This route was used by merchants to move goods from China to Europe. The Silk Road is not one single road, it is a network of multiple routes. On the map here you can see some of the water routes in blue and some of the land routes in red. It is called ‘The Silk Road’ because so many people traded silk along these routes. It was a very lucrative business and this means that they made lots of money because silk was very expensive. Task: Which different places can you see on this map? ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ 4 On the way to China, Marco Polo visited many different cities and places. You can see those places on this map. Task: Can you find and draw arrows from the pictures to the places on the map? The Hindu Kush Mountains Gobi Desert The Holy City of Jerusalem Yunnan 5 During some of the journey, they will have travelled using camels. When Marco got home to Venice, he retold all his stories to a writer. The people who heard and read his stories had never seen or heard about the places Marco had visited and they were fascinated. Task: Use the pictures to describe some of the things that Marco Polo saw. Gobi Desert The Hindu Kush Yunnan Mountains Write your description of each place here: _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ The Holy City of _________________________________ Jerusalem ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ 6 Session 2: What legacy did Zheng He leave behind? Key Knowledge Key Vocabulary Zheng He was born 1371 in Yunnan Province, China. Legacy His family were important leaders Emperor Zheng He was captured and given to a prince as a slave. Diplomat The prince liked Zheng He and he was rewarded with an Dynasty education Fleet He was also asked to lead great armies and sail trading ships Allies They visited Indonesia, Malaysia, Sri Lanka and India He traded goods, visited kings, defeated pirates and brought back lots of wild animals as gifts The wild animals included lions, zebras, ostriches and giraffes Knowledge Quiz: 1. To be an explorer, you need to travel the whole world: 2. Circle the continents that Marco Polo is known for exploring: 3. The Silk Road got its name because silk was: 4. How many routes were in the Silk Road? 5. Which places did Marco Polo visit? 7 Zheng He was born in Yunnan province, China in in 1371. His birth name was Ma He. Yunnan was ruled by the Mongol Yuan dynasty when he was born. Task: This is a painting from the time when Ma He was a child. What can you learn about China in the past from this painting? ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ 8 The painting shows us that there was conflict (fighting) in China. In 1381, a Ming army invaded and conquered Yunnan. Ma He’s father died in the fighting. Ma He’s father and grandfather were important leaders in the Mongol dynasty. This made Ma He important too. When the Ming Dynasty took over, Chinese soldiers captured Ma He and took him as a slave to one of the Emperor's sons, Prince Zhu Di. He was taken to the capital city, Nanjing, where he served in the royal court. Task: How do you think Ma He felt, being captured and made to be a slave? ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ While serving in the royal court, the Emperor had noticed that Ma He was a hardworking boy. Ma He received military training and soon became a trusted assistant and adviser to the emperor. He also served as a bodyguard protecting Prince Zhu Di during many battles against the Mongols. Soon he was one of Prince Zhu Di's closest advisors. He earned honour and rose to the highest positions in government. He was given the title ‘Zheng’ (which was a huge honour) and was known as Zheng He. 9 Task: Ma He worked hard at the Ming court, even though they had captured him. Why do you think he might have chosen to do that? ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ Years later, Prince Zhu Di became the Emperor of China. In 1405 when Emperor Zhu Di decided to send out a giant fleet of ships to explore and trade with the rest of the world, he chose Zheng to lead the expedition. This expedition was massive! In all, the fleet had about 208 vessels, including 62 treasure ships, and more than 27,800 crew, with Zheng He in charge of all of them. The voyage lasted two years and he visited 25 countries in Asia and India. He traded goods such as spices, medicines and brought back different exotic animals. He traded goods, visited kings, defeated pirates and built good relationships with the leaders in the places they visited. 10 Task: Look at the drawing to the left, what exotic animal did Zheng He bring back to China? Which country to do you think he got it from? Why did he bring it back to China? ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ Zheng He's fleet traded and built good relationships with the places they visited. They also battled pirates and even captured one famous pirate leader and brought him back to China with them. Task: How do you think the Emperor felt about Zheng He and his travels? ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ 11 Session 3: How has Francis Drake helped us to understand the world? Key Knowledge Key Vocabulary Sir Francis Drake was Sea Captain, navigator and slaver circumnavigate He was the first Englishman to sail around the world
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