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Download Download FURTHER NOTES ON HUNTLY CASTLE. 137 III. FURTHER NOTE HUNTLN SO Y CASTLE . DOUGLAW Y B . S SIMPSON, M.A., D.LiTT., F.S.A.SCOT. The works of repair, begun in 1923 after Huntly Castle had been hande de lat th ovee y Dukb r f Richmono e Gordod custode dan th o nt y e Ancienoth f t Monuments Departmen s Majesty'Hi f o t s Officf o e Works, havbeew no ne completed e entirth d e an ,castl e ares beeaha n Fig. 1. Huntly Castle : General Plan. cleare e groun f debrith o d d dan s lowere s originait o dt l contourse Th . result has been the discovery of a large amount of additional informa- tion about the development of the fabric and the successive alterations that it has undergone between the thirteenth and the eighteenth centuries. My former account1 thus requires amplification and correction in some important particulars: and I gratefully acknowledge the courteous permission accorded to me by the authorities of H.M. Office of Works to keep in touch with their operations during the past nine years, and discuso t resulte e presensth th n i s t paper.2 1 Proceedings, vol. Ivi. 134-63.pp . I 2hav acknowledgo et e much assistance fro r JamemM s Gregor acteo s wh forema,d a n i n charge during the work, and from Mr Alexander McWilliam, custodian of the castle. The plans 138 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, JANUARY 9, 1933. THE NORMAN EARTHWORKS (see General Plan, fig. 1). Trial cuts in the surface and sides of the motte showed its substance to be a natural fluvio-glacial gravel. Probably the mount was originally s bee t higherdowha cu n d n connexioi nan , n wit e lateth h r stone building pleasaunced san . No excavation has taken place in the semicircular earthwork at the opposite end of the bailey, described as a barbican in my former account. Between this eastern mount and the bailey there has clearly been a ditch, corresponding to that which isolates the western mount. The sinking is still apparent, and the later stone buildings have settled forward into ditche innee th Th moune .r th fac f eo s i t much disturbed by an old gravel pit. The question of the relationship of this eastern mount with the bailey is an interesting one barbicaA . n e existth t sa motte castl f Grimbosqo e n Normandy,i , 1 but it is much more crescentic in shape (see plan, figQuit2). e possibl easterythe n moun remaine th t Huntle a a t b f so y yma second motte. Norman castles with double V, mottes are very uncommon, but two well- known examples exist at Lincoln and Lewes significanc e motteso Th tw . e th f eo at Lewes (Plan, fig. 2) has been well explaine r HamiltoD y b d n Thompson.2 Fig. 2. Plans of Mottes at Grimbosq " The natural tendency," he writes, " would and Lewes (not to uniform scale). be to throw up the mount at first on the side neare e valleyth r , wher e e sloplabous steepeth eth wa ed ran r require construction di n woul attacklessn e db A . , however towe th 1 n 01 , castld an e would come most naturally fro e highemth r groune th o dt west, which commande defences s mouncastle it w dth d ne ean tA woul. d procesn i f timso constructee eb mound ol thin do e st th side would ,an d become of secondary importance." If the eastern mount at Huntly be accepted as an additional motte, the situation here, mutatis mutandis, is seen to have been very similar to that at Lewes. The first mount would be constructed on the steep bank, commanding the passage of the have been draw . FentoJ n r byM n Wyness, A.R.I.B.A., A.I,Archts.Scot., F.S.A'.Scot., froe mth survey prepared by H.M. Office of Works. Those of the "palace" show its condition before the conservation wor startedd kha . 1 A. de Caumont, Abecedaire ou Rudiment d'Archeologie, Architectures Civile et Militaire, 3rd ed.. 399-400pp , . 1 Military Architecture in England during the Middle Ages, p. 49. FURTHER NOTE HUNTLN O S 9 Y13 CASTLE, Deveron. Later, when the " Raws of Strathbogie " had sprung up under the shadow of the Norman castle, an additional moun1 t would be thrown up on the opposite side, to dominate the village. THE "GREATE OLDE TOWER." e mosth r Bt yfa interestin g feature discovere e excavationth n di s has been the foundations of a large and very massive tower-house of e L-plane north-westerth th n o , ne courtyar th sid f eo d (see Plan, fig. 3) . The unearthing of this tower restores a lost chapter in the architec- tural histor f Strathbogio y e Castle d clarifiean , s certain statements hitherto obscurr literarou n i ey evidence. Thus Robert Gordof o n Straloch, in his Latin tract on the " Origin and Progress of the Illustrious Family of Gordon," written about 1655, says of George, fourth Earl of Huntly (1524-62), that he had "magnificently extended castls hi f Strathbogieeo , addin structurew gne anciene th o st t fortalice, and sparing no expense."2 Clearly the " ancient fortalice " refers to the tower-house, while the " new structures" would include the great building on the south side. Straloch, however, was wrong in giving e fourtth h Earl exclusive credi r thifo ts latter building e merelH . y reconstructed it, for we know from other sources that the work was begun by the first Earl, post 1455, and completed by the second Earl (1470-1501); moreover basements it , t survivei s a , s to-day intact beneath e lateth r reconstruction3 s evidentli , e fifteentya worth f o k h century. This new building was of the type known technically in Scotland as a "palace" (palatium = hall)—i.e. a house designed on the plan of an elongated hall, raised abov etiea r tiero r f cellarageso distincs a , t from e tower-housth e e worplan.Th d "palace" first emerge n connexioi s n with awareHuntlm a I 1544n i s ,y a , r Castlewhe4 fa e fourto nth s , h Earl "caused the palace of Strathbogie to be called Huntlie, by act of Parlament."5 These two buildings, the ancient tower-house and the later "palace," are distinguished as the "auld werk" and the "new werk" in connexion with the events of October 1594.6 And the tower- house is undoubtedly the structure referred to in Randolph's account medievae Th l townshi neares pwa castle rth e tha moders nit n successor t occupieI . d more or les1 s the ground of the present Gordon Schools, extending eastward to the little old bridge that crosses the burn in the golf course. 2 Strathbogia arx, comitatus caput, amoeno situ confluentesad Bogii Duuerniet fluminum posita, quam. Huntlceus, adjectis veteri arci novis structuris, nulli sumptui parcens, magnifice extruxerat—" Origo Progressust e Families Illustrissimce Gordoniorum Scotian i " (se . RoberteJ - son, Inventories of Mary Queen of Scots, . xxvp , not. e1) 3 Proceedings, vol. Ivi. 151-5pp . 4 See W. Mackay Mackenzie, The Medieval Castle in Scotland, chap. v. 5 Sir Robert Gordon, Genealogical History of the Earldom of Sutherland, p. 110. 6 Register of the Privy Council, vol. v. p. 186. 140 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, JANUARY 9, 1933. Fig. 3. Huntly Castle: Plan. (Those parts of the buildings which are hatched are now reduced to absolute foundations.) FURTHER NOTE HUNTLN O S 1 Y14 CASTLE. of the demolition by James VI. in that year: " nothing was left unbooked saving e greateth e olde tower which shal blowe b l witp nu h powder." Blown up it clearly was, no doubt with some of the "twenty stone weigh1 f powdero t e Tow e th Kin" th y lenn b g o t Councit f o l Aberdeen. When the castle was restored in 1601-7 there would of course hav2 e bee poino n n n rebuildini t e tower-houseth g t i repre: - sente n obsoleta d e typ f fortaliced lono e ha g d beean , n superseded statele byth y "palace" whic onld hha y partially been involvee th n di destruction. No doubt the shattered ruins of the old tower would be use r materialdfo s toward e reconstructioth s e otheth f ro n buildings —a circumstance which will accoune facth t r tha fo tmassivo s t a e structure has perished right down to the foundations. e tower-housTh e measure fee2 5 inche 6 feet8 y 5 sb to s tw ove s it r long sides, with wall fee9 s inche6 t s thick s north-easterIt . n angls i e rounded. The main portion contains a single long cellar, of which the north wall remains partly to the haunch of the vault. In the " jam " or limb of the tower-house is a chamber measuring 11 feet 9 inches by 9 feet 10 inches; it does not communicate with the long cellar, and was perhap e " pitth s r prisono " masonre e tower-housTh th . f yo - ex s i e tremely massive, wit n outea h r facin f boulders o ge interior th d an ,s grouted. No moulded fragments were found withi e tower e th are nth f o a- house, such as might have given a clue to its date.
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