Castles – North-East Scotland
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Castles – North-East Scotland * in the Castle column denotes a moated or partially moated site; ‘Build Date’ refers to the oldest surviving significant elements In column 1; AB ≡ Aberdeenshire, BF ≡ Banffshire, KC ≡ Kincardine, MY ≡ Moray Occupation AB Castle Location Configuration Build Date Current Remains Status 1 Balquhain NJ 732 236 Tower + courtyard 1520 Empty, after 1746 Tower, 1 full height wall, scattered ruins 2 Barra NJ 792 258 Courtyard 15th C Occupied Entire, but restored 3 Castle Fraser NJ 723 126 Tower + courtyard 1454 Occupied NTS building entire 4 Corgarff NJ 255 086 Tower + courtyard Early-16th C Empty, 19th C Roofless, but otherwise entire, very white 5 Corse NJ 548 074 Tower 1581 Empty, 19th C High, mostly complete ruin 6 Coull NJ 513 023 Enclosure 13th C Empty, early-14th C Scattered low ruins 7 Delgatie NJ 755 506 L-plan tower 1570 Occupied Entire, though modified 8 Drum NJ 796 005 Tower 1280s Occupied NTS, building entire, later mansion 9 Dundarg NJ 895 649 Double enclosure Early-13th C Empty, early 14th C Fragments of gatehouse, other footings 10 Dunnideer NJ 613 282 Tower? 13th C 18th C? Wall fragments defining size 11 Eden NJ 698 588 Tower c1577 Empty, 18th C High ruined shell 12 Esslemont NJ 932 298 Enclosure 14th C Empty, 1799 Ruin, of 14th C mural tower in 17th C tower 13 Fedderate NJ 897 498 Tower Mid-15th C Empty, c1700 2 high wall fragments 14 Fetternear NJ 723 171 Tower/mansion 15th C/16th C Empty, 20th C Roofless shell of mansion 15 Fyvie NJ 764 149 Fortified mansion 13th C Occupied NTS, entire, expanded over centuries 16 Gight NJ 827 392 L-plan tower 16th C Empty,18th C High roofless ruin 17 Glenbuchat NJ 397 149 Tower 1590 Empty, 1840 Roofless high ruin 18 Hallforest NJ 777 154 Tower + barmkin c1326 Empty, 17th C High partial shell 19 Huntly NJ 532 407 Enclosure 12th/15th C Empty, 18th C High ruins of palace, other foundations 20 Inverallochie NK 041 629 Enclosure + tower 15th C Empty, 18th C High ruins, but buildings collapsed 21 Inverugie NK 102 487 Enclosure + tower 16th C Empty, 19th C Incoherent lowish ruins, close to road 22 Kildrummy NJ 471 169 Enclosure 13th C Empty, c1715 Extensive, mainly low ruins 23 Kindrochit NO 152 913 Hall house/tower 14th C Empty, 16th C Extensive low ruins 24 Kineddar NJ 722 562 Enclosure + tower 13th C Empty, 1308 Fragmentary ruins 25 Knockhall NJ 992 265 Tower + barmkin 16th C Empty, 1731 High, unroofed ruin 26 Pitsligo NJ 938 669 Tower + courtyard 15th C Empty, 18th C Truncated tower, scattered ruins 27 Ravenscraig NK 095 488 Tower + barmkin 15th C Empty, 18th C High ruins of tower 28 Slains NK 102 362 Enclosure 1597, 1836 Empty, 1920s Scattered ruins, only tower original 29 Tolquhon NJ 873 286 Enclosure 1420s Empty, mid-19th C HS, extensive high ruins BF 1 Auchendoun NJ 348 374 Enclosure + tower 1470s Empty, 18th C High ruins of some parts 2 Balvennie NJ 326 408 Enclosure 12th C Empty, 1720s Extensive ruins, especially of Atholl Building 3 Blairfindy NJ 199 286 L-plan tower 1580 Empty, 18th C High ruin 4 Boyne NJ 612 657 Enclosure 1580 Empty, 18th C High ruin of W range, other walls 5 Crombie NJ 591 522 Tower 1540s Occupied Several restorations and much modified 6 Drumin NJ 184 303 Tower 14th C 16th C High half tower ruin 7 Findlater NJ 542 673 Enclosure 1450s Empty, 1600 Scattered low ruins on promontory 8 Findochty NJ 455 673 Fortified house 16th C Empty, 19th C High ruin, once part of also ruined mansion 9 Fordyce NJ 556 638 Tower 1592 Occupied Entire, but restored 10 Gauldwell NJ 311 451 Enclosure 13th C Empty, 17th C? Walls, 1 long stretch 1 Occupation BF Castle Location Configuration Build Date Current Remains Status 11 Inaltrie NJ 518 631 Unknown 13th C? Empty, unknown Single low wall with stubs 12 Inchdrewer NJ 656 607 Fortified house 16th C Empty, 1803 Entire because of restoration attempts 13 Kinnairdy NJ 609 498 Tower 15th C Occupied Entire, restored at least twice KC 1 Benholm NO 804 705 Tower c1475 Empty, 1760 High ruin, partially collapsed 2 Crathes NO 734 968 Tower +barmkin 16th C Occupied Entire, basic form preserved 3 Dunnottar NO 882 839 Unconventional 1390s Empty, early-18th C Scattered high ruins, iconic site MY 1 Blervie NJ 071 573 Tower Late-16th C Empty, 18th C High ruin 2 Brodie NH 980 578 Tower 1567 Occupied Modified and expanded 3 Burgie NJ 094 593 Tower Late-16th C Empty, 1802 High ruin 4 Duffus* NJ 189 672 Motte & bailey c1350 Empty, early 18th C Extensive ruins, especially keep 5 Elgin NJ 212 628 Motte & bailey 12th C Empty, 1308 Fragmentary ruins 6 Lochindorb NH 974 364 Enclosure Late-13th C Empty, 1450s Complete circuit of curtain walls 7 Rothes NJ 277 490 Enclosure 13th C Empty, 1660s Length of curtain wall, earthworks 8 Spynie NJ 231 658 Enclosure 14th C Empty, late-17th C Extensive ruins including high tower 9 Tor (Dallas) NJ 125 530 Tower Mid-15th C Empty, mid-17th C Wall fragment 1. A total of 54 castles have been identified in North-East Scotland in the counties of Aberdeenshire, Banffshire, Kincardine and Moray. My selection philosophy has been to include the great majority of those I have already visited and such others as I think interesting, with a rarely-waived proviso that there must be masonry; I have usually excluded those which have benefitted from a modern reconstruction extensive enough to be described as a rebuild. The latter is very relevant in this region, as many castles might otherwise have been considered. Other remains I do not consider, because they are fragmentary. So, my gazetteer is best regarded as a sample, albeit quite a large one, and any tentative conclusions I draw need to be seen in that light. 2. To-date, I have visited 41 of the 54 castles on my list. 3. There are 32 tower houses, 12 of which are in enclosures or alongside barmkins; there are 2 motte and bailey types with surviving stonework,14 enclosure castles without towers, and 4 fortified houses built around halls. 4. Of those with substantial standing remains, 14 date from the 13th century or earlier, and it is clear that the Scottish government policy of demolishing castles to deny them to English forces during the Wars of Independence was not as rigorously applied here as elsewhere in the country, in spite of the actions of the Bruces in Comyn supporting country. 5. Only 10 castles remain occupied, and some of them were empty for a period before refurbishment/rebuilding, though my policy of not considering castles heavily refurbished in recent years influences this number. Castles were deserted, because they incurred serious damage in the Civil War or Jacobite Rebellions, and because their owners wanted greater comfort. 2 AB1. Balquhain Castle is beside a farm steading, 4km north-west of Inverurie; it is visible from a nearby road. The castle was the seat of a branch of the Leslie family, built in the early 16th century, and comprised a courtyard in which there was a 4-storey tower house of dimensions, 14.1 X 9.1m over walls 1.9m; the east wall still stands to full height, along with short low lengths of the north and south walls. The lay-out was conventional, with 2 vaulted storage basements below the hall, and private rooms above. The courtyard or barmkin contained ranges of buildings dating to c1600and later. There was a lobby area to the great tower and a hall block taking up the southern side of the courtyard, which had a round tower at the south-western corner, and a further range taking up the west side. The northern wall probably held the gateway, and there are the remains of at least two further ranges on this side. In the late 14th century a previous castle had been destroyed by the Forbes, with whom the Leslies had a long-running feud, and they damaged the present castle not long after it had been built, but it was repaired and received Mary, Queen of Scots as a guest in 1562. The Leslies remained in possession until the castle, was burnt by soldiers of the Duke of Cumberland, after which it was never repaired or reoccupied. The photograph is a view looking south-east. 3 AB2. Barra Castle is beside the B9170, 2km south-west of Old Meldrum. In the second half of the 15th century the lands of Barra are recorded as being held by the Blackhalls and the land passed to the King family a century later. In 1590 James King of Barra and others in pursuance of a feud, attacked and killed James Seton of Meldrum, but the outcome was that the lands and castle had to be surrendered to the Setons in 1599. Early 17th century date- stones, with monograms of the Seton family, mark the first securely dated part of the castle, although it was part of an upgrading of what was probably a 15th century building. The property was sold in 1658, and eventually in the 18th century it ended up in the hands of the Ramsay family, who were responsible for restoring it in the early 20th century; it is now an events venue. As it stands today, Barra Castle comprises 3 ranges each of 3 or 4 storeys, open to the east.