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German Genealogy: Province Posen

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German Genealogy: Province Posen [News] [General Help] [Regional Research] Diese Seite ist auch auf Deutsch verfuegbar. German Genealogy: Province Posen Summary General Information Genealogical and Historical Societies Genealogical and Historical Sources Gazetteers and Maps Bibliography and Literature Archives and Libraries Miscellaneous Subjects Other Sources (including Internet) General Information Geographic Map with districts (Kreise) of province Posen (in preparation) Town-list with affiliation to district (in planning) Local geography of the Province Posen (around 1910) [only in german] History A part of Greater Poland was annexed by King Friedrich II of Prussia in 1772 during the first partition of Poland and became the name Netzedistrict. During the second partition of Poland in 1793 the remainder of the province Posen was annexed by King Friedrich William II of Prussia and called South Prussia. After the Prussian defeat by Napoleon Bonaparte, the area of Posen was united with the Grand Duchy of Warsaw (1807-1815). By loosing the power of Napoleon also the Grand Duchy of Warsaw fell and Prussia got the province Posen back (1815-1919). The province Posen is partitioned into the administrative districts (Regierungsbezirke) Posen and Bromberg. The capital of the province is Posen (Poznan). After First World War Posen became part of the new formed Poland. Germany occupied the province Posen in the Second World War (1939-1945) and called it Warthegau. Into 1945 Posen was returned to Poland and the German population was expelled. A historical representation in more detail of the province Posen and the Kingdom of Poland can be read here. Political Division In 1944 the Reichsgau Wartheland was divided as follows: o Administrative district (Regierungsbezirk) Posen containing 18 districts (Kreise): Birnbaum, Gostingen, Graetz, Jarotschin, Kolmar, Kosten, Krotoschin, Lissa, Obernick, Posen-Land, Posen-Stadt, Rawitsch, Samter, Scharnikau, Schrimm, Schroda, Wollstein, Wreschen o Administrative district (Regierungsbezirk) Hohensalza containing 15 districts (Kreise): Altburgund, Dietfurt, Eichenbrueck, Gnesen-Land, Gnesen-Stadt, Hermannsbad, Hohensalza-Land, Hohensalza-Stadt, Konin, Kutno, Leslau- Land, Leslau-Stadt, Mogilno, Waldrode, Warthbruecken o Administrative district (Regierungsbezirk) Kalisch/Litzmannstadt containing 11 districts (Kreise): Kalisch-Land, Kalisch-Stadt, Kempen, Lask, Lentschuetz, Litzmannstadt- Land, Litzmannstadt-Stadt, Ostrowo, Schieratz, Turek, Welungen The sections separated from the original Prussian province Posen were assigned in 1944 at the following districts in the mentioned provinces and administrative districts: o Province Brandenburg, administrative district Frankfurt: Meseritz, Schwerin (Warthe), Zuellichau-Schwiebus [parts of the former districts Bomst and Fraustadt] o Province Danzig-Westpreussen, administrative district Bromberg: Bromberg-Land, Bromberg-Stadt, Wirsitz o Province Niederschlesien, administrative district Liegnitz: Fraustadt o Province Pommern, administrative district Grenzmark Posen-Westpreussen: Flatow [part of the former district Kolmar], Netzekreis [parts of the districts Filehne, Czarnikau and Kolmar], Schneidemuehl In 1900 the province Posen was divided into the following districts (Kreise): o Administrative district Posen containing 28 districts (Kreise): Adelnau, Birnbaum, Bomst, Fraustadt, Gostyn, Graetz, Jarotschin, Kempen, Koschmin, Kosten, Krotoschin, Lissa, Meseritz, Neutomischel, Obornik, Ostrowo, Pleschen, Posen-Stadt, Posen-Ost, Posen-West, Rawitsch, Samter, Schildberg, Schmiegel, Schrimm, Schroda, Schwerin, Wreschen. o Administrative district Bromberg containing 14 districts (Kreise): Bromberg-Stadt, Bromberg-Land, Czarnikau, Filehne, Gnesen, Inowrazlaw, Kolmar, Mogilno, Schubin, Strelno, Wirsitz, Witkowo, Wongrowitz, Znin. In 1806 the province South-Prussia had 1.503.508 inhabitants with 3 sections (Departements): o Departement of "Kriegs- und Domainen-Kammer" in Posen containing the districts (Kreise): Posen, Oborniki, Meseritz, Bomst, Fraustadt, Krebe, Schrim, Kosten, Krotoschin, Peifern, Schroda, Gnesen, Wangrowitz, Powitz, Brzesk, Radziejow, Kowal. o Departement of "Kriegs- und Domainen-Kammer" in Kalisch containing the districts (Kreise): Kalisch, Adelnau, Konin, Ostreschow, Wielun, Lumtomiersk, Warta, Schadek, Sieradz, Petrikau, Radomsk, Czenstochau. o Departement of "Kriegs- und Domainen-Kammer" in Warsaw containing the districts (Kreise): Warsaw, Blonin, Tschersk, Rawa, Sochaczew, Gostin, Orlow, Lenczyca, Zgierz, Brzezin. Court districts The highest court of the province Posen was the Supreme Court (Oberlandesgericht) in Posen (Poznan). The lower courts were: o Superior Court (Landgericht) Bromberg with 7 Inferior Courts (Amtsgerichte): Bromberg, Exin, Inowrazlaw, Krone, Labischin, Schubin, Strelno. o Superior Court (Landgericht) Gnesen with 5 Inferior Courts (Amtsgerichte): Gnesen, Mogilno, Tremessen, Wongrowitz, Wreschen. o Superior Court (Landgericht) Lissa with 8 Inferior Courts (Amtsgerichte): Bojanowo, Fraustadt, Gostyn, Jutroschin, Kosten, Lissa, Rawitsch, Schmiegel. o Superior Court (Landgericht) Meseritz with 9 Inferior Courts (Amtsgerichte): Bentschen, Birnbaum, Graetz, Meseritz, Neutomischel, Schwerin, Tirschtiegel, Unruhstadt, Wollstein. o Superior Court (Landgericht) Ostrowo with 8 Inferior Courts (Amtsgerichte): Adelnau, Jarotschin, Kempen, Koschmin, Krotoschin, Ostrowo, Pleschen, Schildberg. o Superior Court (Landgericht) Posen with 9 Inferior Courts (Amtsgerichte): Obornik, Pinne, Posen, Pudewitz, Rogasen, Samter, Schrimm, Schroda, Wronke. o Superior Court (Landgericht) Schneidemuehl with 13 Inferior Courts (Amtsgerichte): Czarnikau, Deutsch-Krone, Filehne, Jastrow, Kolmar, Lobsens, Margonin, Maerkisch-Friedland, Nakel, Schloppe, Schneidemuehl, Schoenlanke, Wirsitz. For the administration of justice at the Superior Courts (Landgerichte) were courts of assizes (3 judge and 12 jurors) formed and at the Inferior Courts (Amtsgerichte) were courts of lay assessors (1 judge of the Inferior Court and 2 lay assessors) formed. Traffic Routes Beside of water ways and a quantity of high roads there is a large number of railways for traffic within the province and outward. Around 1910 there were the following railways: o The East-Railway (Ostbahn) from Kreuz via Bromberg to Thorn with the branch lines Landsberg-Schwerin-Meseritz, Bromberg-Fordon- Culmsee, Bromberg-Znin, Nakel-Gnesen, Nakel-Konitz and the light railways Weissenhoehe-Lobsens-Witoslaw and Bromberg-Crone an der Brahe. o The Thorn-Posener Railway with the branch lines Hohensalza- Bromberg, Hohensalza-Kruschwitz, Hohensalza-Rogasen, Mogilno- Strelno and the light railway Gnesen-Witkowo-Powidz. o The Oels-Gnesener Railway with the branch line Posen-Stalkowo and the light railway Militsch-Sulmirschuetz. o The Posen-Belgarder Railway via Schneidemuehl. o The Posen-Stargarder Railway with the branch lines Rokietnica- Birnbaum and Kreuz-Rogasen. o The Maerkisch-Posener Railway with the branch lines to Reppen- Meseritz-Birnbaum, Bentschen-Meseritz, Bentschen-Wollstein-Lissa, Bentschen-Rotenburg and the light railways to Graetz, Neustadt and Neutomischel. o The Upper-Silesian Railway (oberschlesische Bahn) with the branch lines Czempin-Schrimm, Lissa-Glogau and Bajanowo-Guhrau. o The Posen-Kreuzburger Railway via Jarotschin and Kempen to Silesia with the branch lines Jarotschin-Lissa, Ostrowo-Lissa, and Ostrowo-Stalmierzyce. o The Railway from Oels via Kempen to the Polish boundary (Wilhelmsbrueck). Religious Division The superintendance of the entire church policy was by the state. The highest evangelical church function in the province Posen was the Generalsuperintendent. The catholic church was led by the archbishops in Gnesen and Posen. Educational System For the education there were numerous elementary and middle schools, higher girl's schools and higher teaching institutes in the province. For the teacher training there were teacher's training colleges and "Praeparanden" institutes. Deaf-mutes and blind ones were teached in special institutes. Around 1910 there were the following institutes: 1 university (Hochschule) in Posen 17 secondary schools (Gymnasien) in: Bromberg, Nakel, Schneidemuehl, Hohensalza, Wongrowitz, Gnesen, Posen (3, of those one had also middle school classes), Rogasen, Meseritz, Fraustadt, Rawitsch, Lissa, Schrimm, Krotoschin and Ostrowo. 1 secondary school with scientific bias (Realgymnasium) in Bromberg 2 Progymnasien in Tremessen and Kempen 3 institutes for the deaf and dumb (Taubstummenanstalten) in: Posen, Bromberg and Schneidemuehl 1 home for the blind (Blindenanstalt) in Bromberg 9 "Praeparanden" institutes (Praeparandenanstalten) in: Czarnikau, Lobsens, Rogasen, Lissa, Meseritz, Bromberg, Wollstein, Schneidemuehl and Schoenlanke 7 teacher training colleges for men (Lehrerseminare) in: Bromberg, Exin, Schneidemuehl, Paradies, Koschmin and Rawitsch (2) 3 teacher training colleges for women (Lehrerinnenseminare) in: Posen and Bromberg (2) Military In larger cities an important number of soldiers of different branches of service were situated. The ranks of the administrative district Bromberg belonged to 2nd Army corps with command headquarters in Stettin, those of the administrative district Posen belonged to 5th Army corps with command headquarters in Posen. Posen and Bromberg were the most important garrisons. The other garrison towns were: Gnesen, Hohensalza, Schneidemuehl, Fraustadt, Lissa, Rawitsch, Krotoschin, Ostrowo, Wreschen and Schrimm. [Top of document] Genealogical and Historical
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