DOCSLIB.ORG

Protection of Minorities in Upper Silesia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Protection of Minorities in Upper Silesia [Distributed to the Council.] Official No. : C-422. I 932 - I- Geneva, May 30th, 1932. LEAGUE OF NATIONS PROTECTION OF MINORITIES IN UPPER SILESIA PETITION FROM THE “ASSOCIATION OF POLES IN GERMANY”, SECTION I, OF OPPELN, CONCERNING THE SITUATION OF THE POLISH MINORITY IN GERMAN UPPER SILESIA Note by the Secretary-General. In accordance with the procedure established for petitions addressed to the Council of the League of Nations under Article 147 of the Germano-Polish Convention of May 15th, 1922, concerning Upper Silesia, the Secretary-General forwarded this petition with twenty appendices, on December 21st, 1931, to the German Government for its observations. A fter having obtained from the Acting-President of the Council an extension of the time­ limit fixed for the presentation of its observations, the German Government forwarded them in a letter dated March 30th, 1932, accompanied by twenty-nine appendices. The Secretary-General has the honour to circulate, for the consideration of the Council, the petition and the observations of the German Government with their respective appendices. TABLE OF CONTENTS. Page I Petition from the “Association of Poles in Germany”, Section I, of Oppeln, con­ cerning the Situation of the Polish Minority in German Upper Silesia . 5 A ppendices to th e P e t i t i o n ................................................................................................................... 20 II. O bservations of th e G erm an G o v e r n m e n t.................................................................................... 9^ A ppendices to th e O b s e r v a t i o n s ...............................................................................................................I03 S. A N. 400 (F.) 230 (A.) 5/32. Imp. Wyss. Berne. — 5 — [Translation] I. PETITION. ASSOCIATION OF POLES i n G e r m a n y Section I Oppeln, November ioth, 1931. To the Council of the League of Nations, Geneva. In a series of petitions and documents addressed to the Council of the League of Nations, the Upper Silesian Mixed Commission, the Minorities Office and to various German authorities, we have presented the situation of the Polish minority in Prussia and described in general terms and with detailed examples how that minority is discriminated against in every sphere and phase of its life a n d a c tiv ity . We had hoped that, on the one hand, the authorities and the general public would in time change their attitude and, on the other hand, that the action of the League Council would result in both the spirit and the letter of the Geneva Convention being observed and the provisions of P art III of that Convention being applied. Unhappily, our position has in the meantime not only not im proved— it has changed for the worse. In reply to our petitions and applications, we have only been given an explanation of the particular incident referred to, without any change whatever being made in the general policy of the administra­ tion as a whole. That section of the German public which, without any interference on the part of the authorities, remains bitterly opposed to the cultural development of any other race than the German, creates an atmosphere which is generally hostile and has, recently in particular, become considerably accentuated. Disregarding for the moment the causes and consequences of such a state of affairs, we consider it to be our bounden duty, in connection with the resolutions of the Council and, particularly, our petitions of — April 3rd, 1928 ....................................... Document C.249.1928.1, October 20th, 1928 ........................... „ C . 1 0 8 .1 9 2 9 .1, October 22nd, 1928 ........................... „ C.284.1929.1, October 22nd, 1928 . ...... „ C . 10 7 .1 9 2 9 .1, October 23rd, 1928 ....... „ C. 1 0 6 .1 9 2 9 .1, December 22nd, 1928 ...... „ C. 1 4 5 .1 9 2 9 .1, March 25th, 1929 ........ „ C.266.1929.1, March 26th, 1929 . ....................... „ C.335.1929.I, May 8th, 1929 .................................... „ C. 309.1929.1, June 4th, 1929 . „ C.491.1929.I, to apply once a g a in to the League Council in virtue of Article 147 of the Geneva Convention of May 15th, 1922, and to explain how the provisions of Part III of that Convention are applied and what is the position of the Polish minority generally. The main reason for this state of affairs is the policy of hostility towards minorities which the Government authorities and the German population continue to pursue towards the Poles in German Upper Silesia. The racial individuality of this m inority is highly developed; the best proof is the fact that, in spite of the territory in question having been German for centuries, and in spite of the German policy of denationalisation, this m inority has preserved its own language and customs. A t the present time, the German authorities and population combat the Polish element in German Silesia, by exploit­ ing the economic dependence of the Polish minority on German employers. The economic and poli­ tical pressure exerted on the Polish population contrary to the spirit and the letter of the Geneva Convention is a serious embarrassment in every phase of minority life in German Silesia. Nor are our compatriots in other parts of Prussia any better off. A cursory review of the various departments of political, economic, intellectual and religious life shows how unfairly the Poles in German Silesia are treated — and it is of this that we here com­ plain — as compared with the German population, a clear violation of the letter and the spirit, not only of the Geneva Convention, but of the generally accepted principle of the equality of all citizens of a State in the eyes of the law. The intolerant attitude of the German authorities and population towards the Polish minority can best be illustrated by a number of instances taken from the life of that minority. We cite these to prove that our general assertions are based on facts and cannot be said to be unfounded (see the German Government’s Observations of September 4th, 1929, last sentence, in documents C.491.1929.I and C.30.1929.I). In spite of the loyalty of the Polish population to Germany, it is constantly being accused, quite undeservedly, by the German Press and German organisations of irredentism. The German Nation­ alist Press is particularly fond of making this reproach in order to stir up German feeling against the Poles. The efforts of German leaders, supported by the whole of the German population, are directed towards exterminating the Poles from German Silesia entirely and destroying all traces of Polish tradition in that province. I — 6 — The same tendency may be observed in other districts also. As an instance, we may cite a couple of facts from Northern Prussia, where the authorities try to prevent members of the minority from keening in touch with Poland by refusing frontier permits and passports, this being considered to be • i, nffirial attitude of the German Government on the community of cultural tradi- don&rFo^m^ance in 192^ Ae Meseritz Landratsamt refused to give the son of M. Bimka farmer i„ Gross-Dammer a passport to travel to Poland for purposes of study. In the summer of 1931, the lo S com“ ôner of Kuschten in the above district declined to give passports to a number of ch,l- d 5 n w ho w ? e going to holiday camps in Poland on the pretext that they had well-to-do parents and did not need a rest. Wladvslaw Misiewicz, the son of a well-known Polish family in Scharzig, district of Meseritz, a m o ü of the Plock Secondary School, was deprived by the local authorities of his p a s s p o r t w hen he was spending the long vacation this year at home and was thus unable to return to Poland to continue the sTudies he had commenced there. His father's representations to the local authorities of Betsche and the Landratsamt of Meseritz proved fruitless. The official at the Landratsamt absolutely refused W iv e un the nassoort stating: "The famüy is in too close touch with Poland. There is far too much coming ^nd going”. Shortly afterwards, Mile. Walerja Misiewicz's pa^port was withdrawn vvithout any expfaimtfon , a n d , w h en personal enquiries were made, she was told at the Mesentz Landratsamt ?hat not only would no further passport be given to her and to her brother Wladislaw, but th a t the whole family would in future be refused permission to enter Poland even on frontier permits. Action by the Association of Poles also gave no results. In October 1030, the Landrat of the district of Stuhm informed several members of the Polish minority in Weichselgau that the Marienwerder Regierungsprasident had decided to withdraw their r ™ n fn^,>n nassnorts as these had to be returned to the authorities within three days. This measure ifuTdoubtedty an hSance of the terrorism show n towards the Polish minority, which is thus unable to communicate with Poland or with relatives resident there. The Lauenburg Landratsamt refuses the inhabitants of the village of Wierzchucino permits to cross the frontier to Poland, particularly to attend the religious festivals at Zarnowec. It has also withdrawn the church attendance permits of the inhabitants of Sellnow, Chinow and district, thus preventing them from attending the Catholic services at Gôra. On Tulv 20th 1030, M. Zimmermann, the mayor of Oslau-Damerow, threatened to dismiss the timber workers if they sent their children to the holiday camps m Poland. There have also been cases of open attacks by official personages on the Polish minority. For instance, Dr.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Germanic Origins from the Perspective of the Y-Chromosome
    Germanic Origins from the Perspective of the Y-Chromosome By Michael Robert St. Clair A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor in Philosophy in German in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Irmengard Rauch, Chair Thomas F. Shannon Montgomery Slatkin Spring 2012 Abstract Germanic Origins from the Perspective of the Y-Chromosome by Michael Robert St. Clair Doctor of Philosophy in German University of California, Berkeley Irmengard Rauch, Chair This dissertation holds that genetic data are a useful tool for evaluating contemporary models of Germanic origins. The Germanic languages are a branch of the Indo-European language family and include among their major contemporary representatives English, German, Dutch, Danish, Swedish, Norwegian and Icelandic. Historically, the search for Germanic origins has sought to determine where the Germanic languages evolved, and why the Germanic languages are similar to and different from other European languages. Both archaeological and linguist approaches have been employed in this research direction. The linguistic approach to Germanic origins is split among those who favor the Stammbaum theory and those favoring language contact theory. Stammbaum theory posits that Proto-Germanic separated from an ancestral Indo-European parent language. This theoretical approach accounts for similarities between Germanic and other Indo- European languages by posting a period of mutual development. Germanic innovations, on the other hand, occurred in isolation after separation from the parent language. Language contact theory posits that Proto-Germanic was the product of language convergence and this convergence explains features that Germanic shares with other Indo-European languages.
    [Show full text]
  • The Archives of Poland and Where to Find Online Genealogy Records for Each - Sheet1
    The Archives of Poland and where to find Online Genealogy Records for each - Sheet1 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License Archives of Poland Territorial coverage Search theGenBaza ArchivesGenetekaJRI-PolandAGAD Przodek.plGesher Archeion.netGalicia LubgensGenealogyPoznan in the BaSIAProject ArchivesPomGenBaseSzpejankowskisPodlaskaUpper and Digital Szpejenkowski SilesianSilesian Library Genealogical Digital Library Society Central Archives of Historical Records All Poland ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ National Digital Archive All Poland ✓ ✓ Central Archives of Modern Records All Poland ✓ ✓ Podlaskie (primarily), State Archive in Bialystok Masovia ✓ ✓ ✓ The Archives of Poland and where to find Online Genealogy Records for each - Sheet1 Branch in Lomza Podlaskie ✓ ✓ Kuyavian-Pomerania (primarily), Pomerania State Archive in Bydgoszcz and Greater Poland ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Kuyavian-Pomerania (primarily), Greater Branch in Inowrocław Poland ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Silesia (primarily), Świetokrzyskie, Łódz, National Archives in Częstochowa and Opole ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Pomerania (primarily), State Archive in Elbląg with the Warmia-Masuria, Seat in Malbork Kuyavian-Pomerania ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ State Archive in Gdansk Pomerania ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Gdynia Branch Pomerania ✓ ✓ ✓ State Archive in Gorzow Lubusz (primarily), Wielkopolski Greater Poland ✓ ✓ ✓ Greater Poland (primarily), Łódz, State Archive in Kalisz Lower Silesia ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Silesia (primarily), State Archive in Katowice Lesser Poland ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Branch in Bielsko-Biala Silesia ✓ ✓ ✓ Branch in Cieszyn Silesia ✓ ✓ ✓ Branch
    [Show full text]
  • Henryk Chałupczak POLAND's STRATEGY to NEUTRALIZE THE
    16 HENRYK CHAŁUPCZAK ESSAYS „Studies in Politics and Society” 9/2012 Henryk Chałupczak POLAND’S STRATEGY TO NEUTRALIZE THE GERMAN MINORITY’S PETITIONS AT THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS IN THE INTERWAR PERIOD 1. The Procedure The interwar system for protection of national minorities in Europe was based on commitments undertaken by several states that had fol- lowed from the so called small Treaty of Versailles, resolutions of the Council of the League of Nations that specified the conditions of its execution, and, as far as some states are concerned, conventions signed by those states. The principles to file petitions by the minorities in the states covered by the small Treaty of Versailles were laid down in the so called general procedure and an extraordinary procedure that – even though not included in the Treaty – followed from the Treaty’s inter- pretation. The first of those envisaged a few ways for the minorities to assert their rights, including putting in complaints – some types of the complaints required collaboration with a member of the League’s Council. Art. 12 of the Treaty was particularly important in this respect, according to which should a controversy arise over its interpretation, the controversial issue might be resolved by means of arbitrage (Kutrzeba 1925: 79–82). Regarding the extraordinary procedure, the resolution of the League’s Council of 22 October 1920 had been of fundamental im- portance, since it had granted actors who were not members of the Council – including the minorities – the right to inform the Council by means of petitions about infringements or threats to infringe upon the Treaty regulations.
    [Show full text]
  • Lilo Linke a 'Spirit of Insubordination' Autobiography As Emancipatory
    ORBIT - Online Repository of Birkbeck Institutional Theses Enabling Open Access to Birkbecks Research Degree output Lilo Linke a ’Spirit of insubordination’ autobiography as emancipatory pedagogy : a Turkish case study http://bbktheses.da.ulcc.ac.uk/177/ Version: Full Version Citation: Ogurla, Anita Judith (2016) Lilo Linke a ’Spirit of insubordination’ auto- biography as emancipatory pedagogy : a Turkish case study. PhD thesis, Birkbeck, University of London. c 2016 The Author(s) All material available through ORBIT is protected by intellectual property law, including copyright law. Any use made of the contents should comply with the relevant law. Deposit guide Contact: email Lilo Linke: A ‘Spirit of Insubordination’ Autobiography as Emancipatory Pedagogy; A Turkish Case Study Anita Judith Ogurlu Humanities & Cultural Studies Birkbeck College, University of London Submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, February 2016 I hereby declare that the thesis is my own work. Anita Judith Ogurlu 16 February 2016 2 Abstract This thesis examines the life and work of a little-known interwar period German writer Lilo Linke. Documenting individual and social evolution across three continents, her self-reflexive and autobiographical narratives are like conversations with readers in the hope of facilitating progressive change. With little tertiary education, as a self-fashioned practitioner prior to the emergence of cultural studies, Linke’s everyday experiences constitute ‘experiential learning’ (John Dewey). Rejecting her Nazi-leaning family, through ‘fortunate encounter[s]’ (Goethe) she became critical of Weimar and cultivated hope by imagining and working to become a better person, what Ernst Bloch called Vor-Schein. Linke’s ‘instinct of workmanship’, ‘parental bent’ and ‘idle curiosity’ was grounded in her inherent ‘spirit of insubordination’, terms borrowed from Thorstein Veblen.
    [Show full text]
  • Monitoring of Pseudorabies in Wild Boar of Germany—A Spatiotemporal Analysis
    pathogens Article Monitoring of Pseudorabies in Wild Boar of Germany—A Spatiotemporal Analysis Nicolai Denzin 1, Franz J. Conraths 1 , Thomas C. Mettenleiter 2 , Conrad M. Freuling 3 and Thomas Müller 3,* 1 Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Epidemiology, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; Nicolai.Denzin@fli.de (N.D.); Franz.Conraths@fli.de (F.J.C.) 2 Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; Thomas.Mettenleiter@fli.de 3 Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; Conrad.Freuling@fli.de * Correspondence: Thomas.Mueller@fli.de; Tel.: +49-38351-71659 Received: 16 March 2020; Accepted: 8 April 2020; Published: 10 April 2020 Abstract: To evaluate recent developments regarding the epidemiological situation of pseudorabies virus (PRV) infections in wild boar populations in Germany, nationwide serological monitoring was conducted between 2010 and 2015. During this period, a total of 108,748 sera from wild boars were tested for the presence of PRV-specific antibodies using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The overall PRV seroprevalence was estimated at 12.09% for Germany. A significant increase in seroprevalence was observed in recent years indicating both a further spatial spread and strong disease dynamics. For spatiotemporal analysis, data from 1985 to 2009 from previous studies were incorporated. The analysis revealed that PRV infections in wild boar were endemic in all German federal states; the affected area covers at least 48.5% of the German territory. There were marked differences in seroprevalence at district levels as well as in the relative risk (RR) of infection of wild boar throughout Germany.
    [Show full text]
  • Area Deprivation and Regional Disparities in Treatment And
    Diabetes Care Volume 41, December 2018 2517 Marie Auzanneau,1,2 Stefanie Lanzinger,1,2 Area Deprivation and Regional Barbara Bohn,1,2 Peter Kroschwald,3 Ursula Kuhnle-Krahl,4 Disparities in Treatment and Paul Martin Holterhus,5 Kerstin Placzek,6 Johannes Hamann,7 Rainer Bachran,8 Outcome Quality of 29,284 Joachim Rosenbauer,2,9 and Werner Maier,2,10 on behalf of the Pediatric Patients With Type 1 DPV Initiative Diabetes in Germany: A Cross- sectional Multicenter DPV EPIDEMIOLOGY/HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH Analysis Diabetes Care 2018;41:2517–2525 | https://doi.org/10.2337/dc18-0724 1Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biome- try, ZIBMT, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany 2German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany 3Children’s Hospital, Ruppiner Kliniken GmbH, OBJECTIVE Hochschulklinikum der Medizinischen Hochschule This study analyzed whether area deprivation is associated with disparities in health Brandenburg, Neuruppin, Germany 4 care of pediatric type 1 diabetes in Germany. Practice for Pediatric Endocrinology and Dia- betology, Gauting, Germany 5 RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabe- tes, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital We selected patients <20 years of age with type 1 diabetes and German residence of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel/Christian- documented in the “diabetes patient follow-up” (Diabetes-Patienten-Verlaufsdo- Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany 6 kumentation [DPV]) registry for 2015/2016. Area deprivation was assessed by Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital, Martin-Luther University, Halle, Germany quintiles of the German Index of MultipleDeprivation (GIMD 2010) at the district level 7Department of Pediatrics, St. Marien Hospital and was assigned to patients.
    [Show full text]
  • The Employment Effects of Immigration: Evidence from the Mass Arrival of German Expellees in Post-War Germany
    The Employment Effects of Immigration: Evidence from the Mass Arrival of German Expellees in Post-war Germany By Sebastian Braun and Toman Omar Mahmoud No. 1725| August 2011 Kiel Institute for the World Economy, Hindenburgufer 66, 24105 Kiel, Germany Kiel Working Paper No. 1725 | August 2011 The Employment Effects of Immigration: Evidence from the Mass Arrival of German Expellees in Post-war Germany* Sebastian Braun and Toman Omar Mahmoud Abstract: This paper studies the employment effects of the influx of millions of German expellees to West Germany after World War II. The expellees were forced to relocate to post-war Germany. They represented a complete cross-section of society, were close substitutes to the native West German population, and were very unevenly distributed across labor market segments in West Germany. We find a substantial negative effect of expellee inflows on native employment. The effect was, however, limited to labor market segments with very high inflow rates. IV regressions that exploit variation in geographical proximity and in pre-war occupations confirm the OLS results. Keywords: Forced migration, native employment, post-war Germany JEL classification: J61, J21, C36 Sebastian Braun Kiel Institute for the World Economy Telephone: +49 431 8814 482 E-mail: [email protected] Toman Omar Mahmoud Kiel Institute for the World Economy Telephone: +49 431 8814 471 E-mail: [email protected] * We thank Eckhardt Bode, Michael C. Burda, Michael Kvasnicka, Alexandra Spitz-Oener, Andreas Steinmayr, Nikolaus Wolf and participants of research seminars in Berlin and Kiel for helpful comments and discussions. Martin Müller-Gürtler and Richard Franke provided excellent research assistance.
    [Show full text]
  • Paradowska.Pdf
    kunsttexte.de/ostblick 3/2019 - 1 Aleksandra !arado&ska Architecture and 0istor) and .heir $e resentations in German !ro aganda in the $eichsgau "artheland* Amongst the surviving traces of German urban lan- ce. Escutcheons to the left of the ma com rise sym- ning in !oland during "orld "ar ## eculiar artefacts bolic re resentations of the trades t) ical of the regi- ha en to be found. A large-scale ma of the $eichs- on. .hese include> soldiering% agriculture% crafts, in- gau "artheland is a case in oint%1 no& art of the dustry, science% joinery, and navigation. .he central collection of the 'tate Archive in (ydgoszc*% !oland section on the ma renders "arthegau in relation to +,ig. 1).2 .he ma belongs in a series of various illus- the ca itals of other rovinces: (erlin, "rocła& 4(res- trations, very much redolent of children’s rints and lau7% Kato&ice 4Katto&it*7% Krak@& 4Krakau7% 5Anigs- roviding synthetic re resentations of the territories berg% and Gdańsk 49anzig7. Escutcheons to the right annexed Germany or occupied b) it.3 As the style of bear the ne& coats of arms of the major cities in the the re resentation suggests, the ublisher, namely region: !o*naB 4!osen7% C@dD 4Lit*mannstadt7% #n- Heimatbund "artheland% intended the ma as an ac- o&rocła& 40ohensalza7% Kalisz 4Kalisch7% Gnie*no cessible means of circulating information on the 1the 4Gnesen7, and Włocła&ek [Leslau7. heartland of the German East3 4Kernland des deut- .he ex anse &ithin the outline of "arthegau fea- schen 6stens7. ,eatured in the framing% the lyrics of tures sim lified dra&ings &hich describe each of its Heinrich Gutberlet’s song 18arch of the Germans in arts.
    [Show full text]
  • CHAPTER SEVENTEEN History of the German Language 1 Indo
    CHAPTER SEVENTEEN History of the German Language 1 Indo-European and Germanic Background Indo-European Background It has already been mentioned in this course that German and English are related languages. Two languages can be related to each other in much the same way that two people can be related to each other. If two people share a common ancestor, say their mother or their great-grandfather, then they are genetically related. Similarly, German and English are genetically related because they share a common ancestor, a language which was spoken in what is now northern Germany sometime before the Angles and the Saxons migrated to England. We do not have written records of this language, unfortunately, but we have a good idea of what it must have looked and sounded like. We have arrived at our conclusions as to what it looked and sounded like by comparing the sounds of words and morphemes in earlier written stages of English and German (and Dutch) and in modern-day English and German dialects. As a result of the comparisons we are able to reconstruct what the original language, called a proto-language, must have been like. This particular proto-language is usually referred to as Proto-West Germanic. The method of reconstruction based on comparison is called the comparative method. If faced with two languages the comparative method can tell us one of three things: 1) the two languages are related in that both are descended from a common ancestor, e.g. German and English, 2) the two are related in that one is the ancestor of the other, e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 1 of the Age of Migration
    Copyrighted material_9780230355767. The Age of Migration Copyrighted material_9780230355767. Copyrighted material_9780230355767. The Age of Migration International Population Movements in the Modern World Fifth Edition Stephen Castles Hein de Haas and Mark J. Miller Copyrighted material_9780230355767. © Stephen Castles and Mark J. Miller 1993, 1998, 2003, 2009 © Stephen Castles, Hein de Haas and Mark J. Miller 2014 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First edition 1993 Second edition 1998 Third edition 2003 Fourth edition 2009 Fifth edition 2014 Published by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries ISBN 978–0–230–35576–7 hardback ISBN 978–0–230–35577–4 paperback This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources.
    [Show full text]
  • The Impact of Changing Youth Employment Patterns on Future Wages
    | January 31, 2014| THE IMPACT OF CHANGING YOUTH EMPLOYMENT PATTERNS ON FUTURE WAGES Matthias Umkehrer1 This paper examines employment patterns on the labor market for youth and changing returns to early-career employment stability over the past four decades. German administrative matched employer-employee data allow to contrast the ca- reers of German males who graduated from the Dual Education System in West Germany between the years 1977 and 2001. True state dependence is separated from unobserved heterogeneity by utilizing within-cohort variation in aggregate economic conditions prevailing at different stages of the early-career cycle as an instrument for stability. The results indicate decreasing stability of employment since the late 1980s, limited to the lower half of the employment distribution. Stable employment early in professional life, however, is found to have significant positive wage returns, particularly for low wage earners. These returns have substantially increased between the late 1970s and the late 1990s, again especially for low wage earners. Keywords: Youth employment, Returns to employment stability, True state de- pendence, Quantile instrumental variable regression JEL-Classification: C20, J21, J31. 1. INTRODUCTION In light of the alarming employment situation for young workers in many in- dustrialized economies, there has been a renewed interest in the labor market conditions for youth. In April 2013, the Council of the European Union has recommended to establish a Youth Guarantee to \ensure that all young peo- ple under the age of 25 years receive a good-quality offer of employment [...] within a period of four months of becoming unemployed or leaving formal ed- ucation." European Union(2013, p.
    [Show full text]
  • Ost- U. Westpreußen Resources (Including Danzig) at the IGS Library
    Ost- u. WestPreußen Resources (including Danzig) at the IGS Library Introduction to East & West Prussia and Danzig The Map Guide to German Parish Registers series has five volumes devoted to this region, #44 through #48. The first two cover West Prussia, with #44 devoted to the Regierungsbezirk Danzig and #45 the RB Marienwerder. The last three are for East Prussia, and deal with RB Allenstein, RB Königsberg and RB Gumbinnen, respectively. A note from Mark F. Rabideau on OW-Preussen-L for 1 June 2015: As for the broader situation regarding Pommern records, I would guess there is a about a 80-90% record loss due to WW2 It is truly bleak. Westpreussen fared somewhat better; the record loss there is more on the order of ~40% across that former region. The bottom line is that the LDS records are most likely your best record source (currently). It may be that archion will eventually provide (in the future) some currently unavailable records (but that is hard to know for certain). See: http://wiki-de.genealogy.net/Archion Region-wide Resources Online Research in former (pre-1945) German lands — http://www.heimat-der-vorfahren.de [O/W] Prussian Antiquarian Society (German) — http://www.prussia-gesellschaft.de Society: Verein für Familienforschung in O/WPr. — http://www.vffow.de/default.htm [To enter the online databases, Login Name = “Gast” & Passwort = “vffow”.] (former) East German Gen. Assoc. (German) — http://www.agoff.de German-Baltic Gen. Soc. (German) — http://www.dbgg.de/index.htm Researching Germans in today’s Poland — http://www.unsere-ahnen.de Forum on former areas — http://forum.ahnenforschung.net/archive/index.php/f-43.html Forum topics organized by Kreis — http://www.deutscheahnen.de/forum/ Placename listings — http://www.schuka.net/FamFo/HG/orte_a.htm http://www.schuka.net/FamFo/HG/Aemter-OWP.htm Placenames, translations from German to present-day Polish — https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_deutscher_Bezeichnungen_polnischer_Orte Family names — http://forum.naanoo.com/freeboard/board/index.php?userid=21893 Scots in E.
    [Show full text]