DOCSLIB.ORG

Pupping Habitat of Grey Seals in the Dutch Wadden Sea

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Pupping Habitat of Grey Seals in the Dutch Wadden Sea Pupping habitat of grey seals in the Dutch Wadden Sea Sophie Brasseur, Alma de Groot, Geert Aarts, Elze Dijkman & Roger Kirkwood IMARES rapport C009/15 Vincent van der Meij Min. Economic Affairs PO Box 20401 2500 EK Den Haag The Netherlands BO-11-011.04-015 Cover photograph by RK: A grey seal pup on Griend. © 2015 IMARES Wageningen UR IMARES, institute of Stichting DLO The Management of IMARES is not responsible for resulting is registered in the Dutch trade damage, as well as for damage resulting from the application of Record nr. 09098104, results or research obtained by IMARES, its clients or any claims BTW nr. NL 806511618 related to the application of information found within its research. This report has been made on the request of the client and is wholly the client's property. This report may not be reproduced and/or published partially or in its entirety without the express written consent of the client. A_4_3_2-V13.1 Report number C009/15 1 of 104 Contents Summary ..................................................................................................................5 List of figures ............................................................................................................8 1 Introduction & Methodology .............................................................................. 10 1.1 Conservation status of grey seals in the Wadden Sea .................................. 10 1.2 Project objectives .................................................................................. 11 1.3 Methodology ......................................................................................... 11 2 Grey seals in the Netherlands ........................................................................... 13 2.1 Breeding biology .................................................................................... 13 2.2 Population trends ................................................................................... 13 2.3 Breeding sites in the Netherlands ............................................................. 14 2.4 Background for this report ....................................................................... 18 3 Geomorphology and vegetation of important pupping sites .................................... 20 3.1 Study sites............................................................................................ 20 3.2.2 Island development ..................................................................... 23 3.3 Methods ............................................................................................... 26 3.3.1 Pupping locations ........................................................................ 26 3.3.2 Geomorphology .......................................................................... 26 3.3.2.1 Long-term development ........................................................ 26 3.3.2.2 Elevation and location .......................................................... 26 3.3.2.3 Groundwater ....................................................................... 27 3.3.3 Vegetation ................................................................................. 27 3.3.3.1 Vegetation maps Griend ....................................................... 27 3.3.3.2 Oblique aerial photos (Engelschhoek and Richel) ...................... 27 3.3.3.3 Aerial ortho-photos .............................................................. 27 3.3.3.4 Species list (Richel) .............................................................. 27 3.3.3.5 Outline of embryonic dune field (Richel) .................................. 28 3.3.3.6 Relevés (Richel and Griend) .................................................. 28 3.4 Large-scale dynamics in the Vlie tidal basin ............................................... 28 3.5 Engelschhoek ........................................................................................ 30 3.6 Richel 33 3.6.1 Geomorphology .......................................................................... 33 3.6.2 Development of the embryonic dune field ....................................... 33 3.6.3 Dune types and sediment composition ........................................... 37 3.6.4 Elevation and flooding frequency ................................................... 37 3.6.6 Animal presence ......................................................................... 41 3.6.7 Seal influence on vegetation ......................................................... 42 3.6.8 Future ....................................................................................... 44 3.7 Griend 45 3.7.1 Geomorphology .......................................................................... 45 3.7.2 Seal pupping habitat ................................................................... 47 3.7.3 Seal influence on vegetation ......................................................... 49 3.7.4 Future ....................................................................................... 50 3.8 Discussion - habitat characteristics ........................................................... 50 3.8.1 Suitability for seals ...................................................................... 50 2 of 104 Report number C009/15 3.8.2 Future developments on Richel and Griend ..................................... 51 3.8.3 Influence of seals on their pupping habitat ...................................... 52 3.8.4 Knowledge gaps .......................................................................... 52 4 Exchange of grey seals with other areas ............................................................. 53 4.1 Introduction .......................................................................................... 53 4.2 Methods ............................................................................................... 55 4.2.1 Movement data ........................................................................... 55 4.2.2 Photo-ID .................................................................................... 55 4.2.3 Genetics .................................................................................... 56 4.3 Results ................................................................................................. 57 4.3.1 Movement data ........................................................................... 57 4.3.2 Photo-ID .................................................................................... 59 4.3.3 Genetics .................................................................................... 61 4.4 Discussion ............................................................................................ 61 4.4.1 Movement data ........................................................................... 61 4.4.2 Photo-ID .................................................................................... 62 4.4.3 Genetics .................................................................................... 63 4.5 Conclusions ........................................................................................... 63 5 Ameliorating errors in monitoring of pup production ............................................. 66 5.1 Introduction .......................................................................................... 66 5.2 Materials and methods ............................................................................ 66 5.2.1 Comparison of aerial and ground counts of grey seal pups at Griend ... 66 5.2.2 Comparison of aerial and ground counts of grey seal pups at Richel. ... 67 5.2.3 Alternative survey techniques ....................................................... 68 5.3 Results ................................................................................................. 68 5.3.1 Comparison of aerial and ground counts of grey seal pups at Griend ... 68 5.3.2 Comparison of aerial and ground counts of grey seal pups at Richel .... 70 5.3.3 Alternative survey techniques ....................................................... 70 5.4 Discussion ............................................................................................ 71 6 Conclusions & recommendations ....................................................................... 72 6.1 Geomorphology of key pupping sites......................................................... 72 6.2 Exchange of grey seals between Dutch waters and other areas ..................... 72 6.3 Ameliorating errors in monitoring of pup production .................................... 73 6.4 Recommendations .................................................................................. 73 7 References ..................................................................................................... 75 8 Acknowledgements ......................................................................................... 78 9 Quality Assurance ........................................................................................... 78 10 Justification .................................................................................................... 79 11 Appendix A. Development embryonic dune field on Richel ..................................... 80 12 Appendix B. Vegetation species list for Richel – August 2014 ................................. 84 3 of 104 Report number C009/15 13 Appendix C. Vegetation scoring table ................................................................. 91 14 Appendix D. Vegetation relevés on Richel – August 2014 ...................................... 92 15 Appendix E. Vegetation
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Annual Report Fishing for Litter 2011
    Annual Report Fishing for Litter 2011 Fishing For Litter Annual Report Fishing for Litter project 2011 Edited by KIMO Nederland en België March 2012 Bert Veerman Visual design: Baasimmedia Annual Report Fishing for Litter project 2011 Index: Pag: Message from the Chairman ................................................................................................. 5 1.0 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 7 2.0 Project description ................................................................................................... 8 3.0 Goals of the project .................................................................................................. 9 4.0 Monitors ................................................................................................................ 10 4.1 Waste from the beaches of Ameland ......................................................... 10 4.2 Waste through the ports ............................................................................ 10 5.0 Consultation structure ............................................................................... 11 6.0 Administration ........................................................................................... 11 7.0 Publicity .................................................................................................... 11 7.1 Documentary “Fishing for Litter” ................................................................ 11 8.0 A summary of activities
    [Show full text]
  • Wadden Sea Quality Status Report Geomorphology
    Photo: Rijkswaterstaat, NL (https://beeldbank.rws.nl). Zuiderduin 2011. Wadden Sea Quality Status Report Geomorphology A. P. Oost, C. Winter, P. Vos, F. Bungenstock, R. Schrijvershof, B. Röbke, J. Bartholdy, J. Hofstede, A. Wurpts, A. Wehrmann This report downloaded: 2018-11-23. This report last updated: 2017-12-21. This report should be cited as: Oost A. P., Winter C., Vos P., Bungenstock F., Schrijvershof R., Röbke B., Bartholdy J., Hofstede J., Wurpts A. & Wehrmann A. (2017) Geomorphology. In: Wadden Sea Quality Status Report 2017. Eds.: Kloepper S. et al., Common Wadden Sea Secretariat, Wilhelmshaven, Germany. Last updated 21.12.2017. Downloaded DD.MM.YYYY. qsr.waddensea-worldheritage.org/reports/geomorphology 1. Introduction The hydro- and morphodynamic processes of the Wadden Sea form the foundation for the ecological, cultural and economic development of the area. Its extraordinary ecosystems, its physical and geographical values and being an outstanding example of representing major stages of the earth’s history are factors why the Wadden Sea received a World Heritage area qualification (UNESCO, 2016). During its existence, the Wadden Sea has been a dynamic tidal system in which the geomorphology of the landscape continuously changed. Driving factors of the morphological changes have been: Holocene sea-level rise, geometry of the Pleistocene surface, development of accommodation space for sedimentation, sediment transport mechanisms (tides and wind) and, the relatively recent, strong human interference in the landscape. In this report new insights into the morphology of the trilateral Wadden Sea gained since the Quality Status Report (QSR) in 2009 (Wiersma et al., 2009) are discussed. After a summary of the Holocene development (sub-section 2.1), the sand-sharing inlet system approach as a building block for understanding the morhodynamic functioning of the system with a special emphasis on the backbarrier (sub-section 2.2) is discussed, followed by other parts of the inlet-system.
    [Show full text]
  • Habitat Regulations Assessment: Screening Report December 2016
    Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm Habitat Regulations Assessment: Screening Report December 2016 2616306 Expert Working Habitat Regulations Assessment: Screening Report Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm Habitat Regulations Assessment Screening Report Prepared by: NIRAS Checked by: Allen Risby, Rachael Mills, Jennifer Brack, Julian Carolan, Mark Edwards and Mira Rosten Approved by: Stuart Livesey DONG Energy Power (UK) Ltd. 5 Howick Place, London, SW1P 1WG © DONG Energy Power (UK) Ltd, 2016. All rights reserved Page i of 225 Liability This report has been prepared by NIRAS Consulting Ltd with all reasonable skill, care and diligence within the terms of their contracts with DONG Energy Wind Power A/S. NIRAS Consulting Ltd has exercised due and customary care in compiling this report, but has not, save where specifically stated, independently verified third party information. No other warranty, express or implied, is made in relation to this report. This report may not be used or relied upon by any other party without the express written permission of DONG Energy Wind Power A/S. Any communication regarding the content of this report should be directed to DONG Energy Wind Power A/S. NIRAS Consulting Ltd assumes no liability for any loss or damage arising from reliance on or misuse of the contents of this document, or from misrepresentation made by others. Pictures: © DONG Energy Hornsea Project Three (UK) Ltd., 2016. Front cover picture: Kite surfer near one of DONG Energy's UK offshore wind farms © DONG Energy Hornsea Project Three (UK) Ltd., 2016. Page ii of 225 Table of Contents 1. Introduction.................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Purpose of this report ..............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Bilag 6 UNESCO Verdensarv Vadehavets Design Værktøjskasse
    Verdensarv Vadehavet Værktøjskasse til interessenter om formidling og markedsføring Start Om værktøjskassen .................................... 3 Brandingbeskeder ....................................................... 18 Brandingstatement ................................... 20 Hvem er værkstøjskassen 4 Hovedpunkter................................................... 21 henvendt til? ....................................................... Fakta-ark .............................................................. 22 Information om brandet Fotobibliotek ..................................................... 25 Verdensarv Vadehavet ............................ 6 Brandingmanual ............................ 7 Brug af logo ........................................................................ 26 Brandingfakta-ark ......................... 7 Kommerciel brug - varemærkelicensaftale .............................. 28 Præsentationsslides ..................... 7 Ikke-kommerciel brug ............................... 28 Markedsføringsmateriale ..................... 8 Redaktionelt indhold ................. 28 Plakater .................................................... 9 In-side logo ........................................ 28 Brochure ................................................. 10 ............................................ 29 Annonce .................................................. 12 Merchandise med logo Video ......................................................... 13 Online Banner .................................... 14 Udstillingspaneler
    [Show full text]
  • Putting Frisian Names on the Map
    GEGN.2/2021/68/CRP.68 15 March 2021 English United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names Second session New York, 3 – 7 May 2021 Item 12 of the provisional agenda * Geographical names as culture, heritage and identity, including indigenous, minority and regional languages and multilingual issues Putting Frisian names on the map Submitted by the Netherlands** * GEGN.2/2021/1 ** Prepared by Jasper Hogerwerf, Kadaster GEGN.2/2021/68/CRP.68 Introduction Dutch is the national language of the Netherlands. It has official status throughout the Kingdom of the Netherlands. In addition, there are several other recognized languages. Papiamentu (or Papiamento) and English are formally used in the Caribbean parts of the Kingdom, while Low-Saxon and Limburgish are recognized as non-standardized regional languages, and Yiddish and Sinte Romani as non-territorial minority languages in the European part of the Kingdom. The Dutch Sign Language is formally recognized as well. The largest minority language is (West) Frisian or Frysk, an official language in the province of Friesland (Fryslân). Frisian is a West Germanic language closely related to the Saterland Frisian and North Frisian languages spoken in Germany. The Frisian languages as a group are closer related to English than to Dutch or German. Frisian is spoken as a mother tongue by about 55% of the population in the province of Friesland, which translates to some 350,000 native speakers. In many rural areas a large majority speaks Frisian, while most cities have a Dutch-speaking majority. A standardized Frisian orthography was established in 1879 and reformed in 1945, 1980 and 2015.
    [Show full text]
  • Stepwise Basin Evolution of the Middle Jurassic–Early Cretaceous Rift Phase in the Central Graben Area of Denmark, Germany and the Netherlands
    Downloaded from http://sp.lyellcollection.org/ by guest on September 28, 2021 Stepwise basin evolution of the Middle Jurassic–Early Cretaceous rift phase in the Central Graben area of Denmark, Germany and The Netherlands R. M. C. H. VERREUSSEL1*, R. BOUROULLEC2, D. K. MUNSTERMAN1, K. DYBKJÆR3, C. R. GEEL2,A.J.P.HOUBEN1, P. N. JOHANNESSEN3 & S. J. KERSTHOLT-BOEGEHOLD2 1TNO Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, Geological Survey of the Netherlands, Princetonlaan 6, 3584 CB Utrecht, The Netherlands 2TNO Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, Applied Geosciences, Princetonlaan 6, 3584 CB Utrecht, The Netherlands 3GEUS Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350, Copenhagen, Denmark *Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: This paper presents the results of a cross-border study of the Middle Jurassic–Early Cre- taceous rift phase in the Danish–German–Dutch Central Graben area. Based on long-distance cor- relations of palynologically interpreted wells, a stepwise basin evolution pattern was determined. Four phases are defined and described as tectonostratigraphic mega-sequences (TMS). The TMS are governed by changes in the tectonic regime. TMS-1 reflects the onset of rifting, triggered by regional east–west extension. Rift climax was reached during TMS-1, reflected by thick mudstone accumulations. TMS-2 reflects a change in the tectonic regime from east–west to NE–SW extension. NW–SE-trending normal faults became active during this phase, switching the depocentres from the graben axis into adjacent basins. TMS-3 displays divergent basin development. In the Dutch Central Graben area, it is characterized by a basal unconformity and widespread sandstone deposition, indi- cating continued salt and fault activity.
    [Show full text]
  • Routes Over De Waddenzee
    5a 2020 Routes over de Waddenzee 7 5 6 8 DELFZIJL 4 G RONINGEN 3 LEEUWARDEN WINSCHOTEN 2 DRACHTEN SNEEK A SSEN 1 DEN HELDER E MMEN Inhoud Inleiding 3 Aanvullende informatie 4 5 1 Den Oever – Oudeschild – Den Helder 9 5 2 Kornwerderzand – Harlingen 13 5 3 Harlingen – Noordzee 15 5 4 Vlieland – Terschelling 17 5 5 Ameland 19 5 6 Lauwersoog – Noordzee 21 5 7 Lauwersoog – Schiermonnikoog – Eems 23 5 8 Delfzijl 25 Colofon 26 Het auteursrecht op het materiaal van ‘Varen doe je Samen!’ ligt bij de Convenantpartners die bij dit project betrokken zijn. Overname van illustraties en/of teksten is uitsluitend toegestaan na schriftelijke toestemming van de Stichting Waterrecreatie Nederland, www waterrecreatienederland nl 2 Voorwoord Het bevorderen van de veiligheid voor beroeps- en recreatievaart op dezelfde vaarweg. Dat is kortweg het doel van het project ‘Varen doe je Samen!’. In het kader van dit project zijn ‘knooppunten’ op vaarwegen beschreven. Plaatsen waar beroepsvaart en recreatievaart elkaar ontmoeten en waar een gevaarlijke situatie kan ontstaan. Per regio krijgt u aanbevelingen hoe u deze drukke punten op het vaarwater vlot en veilig kunt passeren. De weergegeven kaarten zijn niet geschikt voor navigatiedoeleinden. Dat klinkt wat tegenstrijdig voor aanbevolen routes, maar hiermee is bedoeld dat de kaarten een aanvulling zijn op de officiële waterkaarten. Gebruik aan boord altijd de meest recente kaarten uit de 1800-serie en de ANWB-Wateralmanak. Neem in dit vaargebied ook de getijtafels en stroomatlassen (HP 33 Waterstanden en stromen) van de Dienst der Hydrografie mee. Op getijdenwater is de meest actuele informatie onmisbaar voor veilige navigatie.
    [Show full text]
  • Salt Marshes 
    8 Salt Marshes WADDEN SEA ECOSYSTEM No. 25 Quality Status Report 2009 Thematic Report No. 8 Salt Marshes P. Esselink J. Petersen S. Arens J.P. Bakker J. Bunje K.S. Dijkema N. Hecker U. Hellwig A.-V. Jensen, A.S. Kers P. Körber E.J. Lammerts M. Stock R.M. Veeneklaas M. Vreeken M. Wolters 2009 Common Wadden Sea Secretariat Trilateral Monitoring and Assessment Group Wadden Sea Ecosystem No. 25 2009 8 Salt Marshes 2 Colophon Publisher Common Wadden Sea Secretariat (CWSS), Wilhelmshaven, Germany; Trilateral Monitoring and Assessment Group (TMAG). Editors Harald Marencic, Common Wadden Sea Secretariat (CWSS) Virchowstr. 1, D 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany Jaap de Vlas, Rijkswaterstaat, Waterdienst NL Lelystad, The Netherlands Language support Seabury Salmon Layout and technical editing Common Wadden Sea Secretariat Graphic support Gerold Lüerßen Published 2009 ISSN 0946896X This publication should be cited as: Esselink, P., J. Petersen, S. Arens, J.P. Bakker, J. Bunje, K.S. Dijkema, N. Hecker, U. Hellwig, A.V. Jensen, AS. Kers, P. Körber, E.J. Lammerts, M. Stock, R.M. Veeneklaas, M. Vreeken & M. Wolters, 2009. Salt Marshes. Thematic Report No. 8. In: Marencic, H. & Vlas, J. de (Eds), 2009. Quality Status Report 2009. Wadden Sea Ecosystem No. 25. Common Wadden Sea Secretariat, Trilateral Monitoring and Assessment Group, Wilhelmshaven, Germany. Wadden Sea Ecosystem No. 25 2009 8 Salt Marshes . Introduction Salt marsh on the island of Juist (Photo: N. Hecker). Coastal salt marshes may broadly be defined as al. 2008). Additionally, salt marshes may be essen areas, vegetated by herbs, grasses or low shrubs, tial habitats to species that use the marshes only which are subject to periodic flooding (tidal or part of the time, such as coastal waders, which nontidal) as a result of fluctuations in the level feed on the intertidal mudflats, but use the salt of the adjacent salinewater bodies (Adam 1990), marshes as their roost during high tide (Meltofte et and where saline water is defined as not being al.
    [Show full text]
  • How Movements Drive Population Development of Harbour Seals and Grey Seals in the North Sea
    SEALS IN MOTION How movements drive population development of harbour seals and grey seals in the North Sea SOPHIE MARIE JACQUELINE MICHELLE BRASSEUR SEALS IN MOTION How movements drive population development THESIS COMMITTEE of harbour seals and grey seals in the North Sea PROMOTOR Prof. Dr. P.J.H. Reijnders, Professor of Ecology and Management of Marine Mammals, Wageningen University and Research. SOPHIE MARIE JACQUELINE MICHELLE BRASSEUR CO-PROMOTOR Dr. G.M. Aarts, Researcher Marine Ecology, Wageningen University & Research. Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of doctor OtHER MEMBERS at Wageningen University Prof. Dr. A. D. Rijnsdorp, Wageningen University & Research. by the authority of the Rector Magnificus, Prof. Dr. T. Härkönen, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden. Prof. Dr A.P.J. Mol, Dr. D. Thompson, University of St Andrews, Scotland. in the presence of the Prof.dr. P.J. Palsbøll, University of Groningen, the Netherlands. Thesis Committee appointed by the Academic Board to be defended in public This research was conducted under the auspices of the Netherlands Research on Wednesday 30 August 2017 School for the Socio-Economic and Natural Sciences of the Environment (SENSE). at 1:30 p.m. in the Aula. 2 3 hoofdstuk Sophie Marie Jacqueline Michelle Brasseur Seals in Motion - How movements drive population development of harbour seals and grey seals in the North Sea 176 pages. PhD thesis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands (2017). With references, with summaries in English and Dutch. ISBN: 978-94-6343-612-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18174/418009 FREQUENTLY, GREY SEALS (FRONT) AND HARBOUR SEALS (BACK) SHARE THE SAME HAUL OUT 4 (PHOTO: HANS VERDAAT) 5 Seals in motion hoofdstuk ALL SEAL TRANSMITTERS WHERE DEPLOYED WITH THE HELP OF The “WADDEN UNIT” oF THE 6 MINISTRY OF ECONOMIC AFFAIRS (PHOTO: J.
    [Show full text]
  • On the Beach Nature Explained
    BOOK REVIEWS land disappeared under water, including viewing it as an indifferently designed work On the beach the legendary Rungholt, east of the of other purpose. The author's skills lie in present island of Pellworm. A second Donald J.P. Swift the collecting and ordering of information. Mandrdnke occurred on 11 October, Chapters that attempt to take an overview, 1694. But the main and partially enduring such as those on natural preconditions and The Morphodynamlcs of the Wadden land losses, resulting in the formation of barrier-island development, are not Sea. By Jurgen Ehlers. A.A. Balkema: Jade Bay, the Dollart and the Zuider Zee, altogether successful, although they are 1988. Pp.397. DM 185, £52. 75. did not occur as the result of single events, always interesting. On the other hand, the but gradually, through many smaller relentless procession of maps, aerial THE Wadden Sea is the intertidal zone of stages. These land losses were due to a photographs and, above all, photograph the German Bight of the North Sea. lack of technical infrastructure capable of after photograph at ground level, has a Varying in width from 10 to 50 km, it is an protecting the vast forelands from the hypnotic effect. Somewhere through the expanse of tidal channels, flats, inlets, destructive effects of later surges in later 393 figures, these vistas of misty dunes, flood and ebb deltas, barrier islands and decades. Land reclamation occurred, but beaches and marshes, and of tidal flats estuaries that extends from Den Helder only through projects that lasted for extending to the horizon, seep into the in the Netherlands to Blavandshuk in centuries.
    [Show full text]
  • Kaartenbijlage Natura 2000-Beheerplan Waddenzee
    Kaartenbijlage Natura 2000-beheerplan Waddenzee Periode 2016-2022 Juli 2016 Inhoud Kaarten 1 Natura 2000-gebieden en grenzen 2 Visserij 3 Recreatie 4 Scheepvaart, havens en baggerwerken 5 Civiele werken en economisch gebruik 6 Militair gebruik en burgerluchtvaart 7 Wadplaten: zeehondenligplaatsen en (monitorings)locaties zeegras 8 Kolonies broedvogels sterns 9 Hoogwatervluchtplaatsen vogels 10 Natuurbeheer en -maatregelen 11 Maatregelen kustbroedvogels Habitattypenkaarten 1.0 Habitattypen Overzicht 1.1 Uitsnede Texel 1.2 Uitsnede Vlieland 1.3 Uitsnede Terschelling 1.4 Uitsnede Ameland 1.5 Uitsnede Schiermonnikoog 1.6 Uitsnede Rottum 1.7 Uitsnede Noord-Hollandse vastelandskwelders 1.8 Uitsnede Friese vastelandskwelders en Griend 1.9 Uitsnede Groningse kwelders en Breebaartpolder Colofon Uitgegeven door Ministerie van Infrastructuur en Milieu Rijkswaterstaat Noord-Nederland Projectleider A. Nicolai Datum Juli 2016 Status Definitief Foto voorblad: Rob Bijnsdorp We ste ree ms Huibertgat LA U R W OTTUME E RPLAATROTTUMEROOG RS FR I d O E il Zuiderduintjes u S h d CH Wierumergronden Balg c e A E S M W Bornrif ZE E Simonszand e E i s E l t L G SCHIERMONNIKOOG a Boswad e A A Z r n u e N T id e D d O m e os s E r t R Rif Het Rif b La G De Hon laat a uw np l e A AMELAND lsma g rs T Neerlandsreid Enge Z B ou Brakzand Eemshaven tka o B m c p h o er Boschplaat r laa t n g d v i a e n p Hond Lauwersoog W gat TERSCHELLING ntzig a ek Da t Ho Terschellinger wad u m lse Holwerd ge Lauwersmeer Paap Emden En Noordsvaarder V L IE Delfzijl lk teme p Dokkum Punt van Reide Stor ee t m es W Breebaartpolder Dollard VLIELAND Richel Griend Kroonspolders rs Blauwe Slenk Leeuwarden ho ie Groningen Vl EYERLANDSCHE GAT In s c h o Harlingen t s e j t n o Vlakte van Kerken o Veendam B d n e e l t n TEXEL o alg B n ve oo e D d om r o o tr ls e w ex T n Malzwin Assen e De Hors t Razende Bol h c MARSDIEP e r Balgzand n e Den Helder e g n e n Den Oever n u k e v a g t i u Callantsoog e IJSSELMEER z e d n a A Petten 0 20 Bergen aan Zee Kilometers Natura 2000-gebied Grenzen Diepte in meter Kaart Nr.
    [Show full text]
  • The Cultural Heritage of the Wadden Sea
    The Cultural Heritage of the Wadden Sea 1. Overview Name: Wadden Sea Delimitation: Between the Zeegat van Texel (i.e. Marsdiep, 52° 59´N, 4° 44´E) in the west, and Blåvands Huk in the north-east. On its seaward side it is bordered by the West, East and North Frisian Islands, the Danish Islands of Fanø, Rømø and Mandø and the North Sea. Its landward border is formed by embankments along the Dutch provinces of North- Holland, Friesland and Groningen, the German state of Lower Saxony and southern Denmark and Schleswig-Holstein. Size: Approx. 12,500 square km. Location-map: Borders from west to east the southern mainland-shore of the North Sea in Western Europe. Origin of name: ‘Wad’, ‘watt’ or ‘vad’ meaning a ford or shallow place. This is presumably derives from the fact that it is possible to cross by foot large areas of this sea during the ebb-tides (comparable to Latin vadum, vado, a fordable sea or lake). Relationship/similarities with other cultural entities: Has a direct relationship with the Frisian Islands and the western Danish islands and the coast of the Netherlands, Lower Saxony, Schleswig-Holstein and south Denmark. Characteristic elements and ensembles: The Wadden Sea is a tidal-flat area and as such the largest of its kind in Europe. A tidal-flat area is a relatively wide area (for the most part separated from the open sea – North Sea ̶ by a chain of barrier- islands, the Frisian Islands) which is for the greater part covered by seawater at high tides but uncovered at low tides.
    [Show full text]