557471 bk VPHorn US 4/01/2005 03:42pm Page 8 Genia Kühmeier DDD The soprano Genia Kühmeier was born in Salzburg and studied the piano, vocal teaching and singing, completing PHILHARMONIC SOLOISTS • HORN 8.557471 her studies at the Vienna Music University. She has participated in master-classes with Marjana Lipovsek, Alfred Burgstaller, Ildikó Raimondi and Ruthilde Boesch, with further study under Margarita Lilova. She was a prize- winner in the 2002 International Mozart Competition, among other contests, as well as the Federal Gradus ad Parnassum and the Mozarteum Summer Academy of 2001. At the Festival of Aix-en-Provence she was awarded the best performance prize. She sang the rôle of Diane in Gluck’s Iphigénie en Aulide at La Scala, Milan, under THE ART OF THE VIENNA HORN Riccardo Muti, and has a very successful career also in the concert-hall. At the Vienna State Opera she has appeared in Donizetti’s La favorita and L’elisir d’amore, and sang the rôle of Pamina in Die Zauberflöte there and at the Ruhr Trienniale under Marc Minkowski. Beethoven • Schubert • Schumann • Brahms Wolfgang Tomboeck, Vienna Horn • Madoka Inui, Piano Genia Kühmeier, Soprano • Johannes Tomboeck, Violin The sponsors of the Philharmonic Soloists series The Herbert von Karajan Centre was opened in November 1995 and has established itself, in the spirit of the name of its patron, as a meeting and development centre for young artists and as a forum for artistic activities. Following the many and varied interests of the conductor, the concept is structured under three main headings: development of the younger generation, events and service. Since its foundation awards have been made to singers, conductors and instrumentalists. The archive administers Herbert von Karajan’s legacy, and special film production continues his tradition. The Radio Culture House of Austrian Radio (ORF) in Vienna was opened in 1997 and has established an annual programme of more than 450 events ranging over a wide variety of genres for the public with cultural interests, where classical appears together with the avant-garde, pop and cabaret. This cultural mix is characteristic of the programming philosophy of the Radio Culture House. 8.557471 8 557471 bk VPHorn US 4/01/2005 03:42pm Page 2 Chamber Works for Horn Scherzo, based on the folk-song Es zogen drei Burschen (There in the pasture stands a house) reminds us of the wohl über Rhein (There went three lads over the Rhine) despairing music of the other three movements. György Beethoven • Schubert • Schumann • Brahms is a wild, restless, onward-driven piece, followed by the Ligeti showed his respect for the work by writing a trio deathly sadness of the Adagio in E flat minor, a lament for the same instruments. A Short History of the Horn orchestral instrument that provided a background of for his mother. The E flat major Finale with its wild, sound. The Dresden orchestral player Anton Hampel bubbling hunting motif would signify the return to life. Wolfgang Tomboeck When for the first time a primitive man beat with a made the discovery of hand-stopping. By introducing Only the fact that the movement is thematically based stone on a tree-trunk to communicate with people at a the hand into the bell of the instrument notes other than on the sad folk-song Dort in den Weiden steht ein Haus English version by Keith Anderson distance, a musical instrument was created. Next came those of the harmonic series could be played. Mozart the horn, and as its name suggests, it was a long way and Beethoven wrote for natural horns. away from the modern copper and brass alloy. A bull’s On 12th April 1818 the Royal Prussian Patent horn (as Wagner prescribes in The Twilight of the Office confirmed the submission of the unknown Gods), a bone, a reed or a shell, put to the lips, gives out provincial horn-players Heinrich Stölzel and Friedrich Wolfgang Tomboeck a note. That was the origin of all wind instruments. The Blühmel. They had invented valves and this opened to The horn-player Wolfgang Tomboeck was born in Vienna into a family active in music for generations. On his strength of the stream of air and the varied placing and horn-players all keys and the whole range of chromatic mother’s side the Staar family have continued to produce a series of excellent violinists. His grandfather on his tension of the lips produced different notes. That is notes. In Beethoven’s Ninth Symphony natural and father’s side was a horn-player at the Vienna Volksoper, and his father first horn in the Vienna Philharmonic. All how the horn still works. valve horns are prescribed; both of the first are natural his brothers and sisters are players in various orchestras. He studied at the present Vienna Music University and The oldest surviving horns are spiral horns from horns, the fourth is a valve horn, and so the solo in the first played with the Vienna Philharmonic in 1978. He has served as first horn since 1980. He is active at the same Assyria, like those still in use today in Papua-New slow movement, a G flat - D major scale that was not time in a number of chamber ensembles, including the Vienna Ensemble and the Vienna Wind Ensemble. He has Guinea. The old Jewish shofar (from the horn of a ram) possible with the natural horn, is conventionally played under Herbert von Karajan (Tchaikovsky Fifth Symphony), Karl Böhm, Leonard Bernstein (Mahler’s Sixth brought down the walls of Jericho. The Etruscans in allotted to the fourth horn. I presume that Beethoven, Symphony in Israel), Lorin Maazel, Nikolaus Harnoncourt, Riccardo Muti, Zubin Mehta, Claudio Abbado, Seiji BC 450 made signal-horns from terra cotta that have who was progressive in his attitude, wanted in this way Ozawa, Bernard Haitink, James Levine, André Previn, Simon Rattle and many others. the semicircular form of those now in use. Since the to promote the valve horn and teach the traditionalists bronze age men have made horns from metal, in the orchestra something. The F horn or Vienna horn, Madoka Inui following the model of mammoths’ tusks. The oliphant of which later there will be much to say, is a valve horn. The pianist Madoka Inui was born in Kobe and had her first piano training in Tokyo. In 1990 she moved to Vienna, (after the tusks of the elephant) came to Europe from As its name implies, today it is almost only played in where she studied at the Conservatory with Dianko Iliew and Roland Batik and was awarded her diploma Byzantium and was a sign of nobility. Vienna. In the meantime, however, the so-called unanimously with distinction. She won first prize in the Città di Stresa international piano competition and has Medieval cities found a use for the horn for double horn has prevailed throughout the rest of the appeared as a soloist in Austria, Japan and Spain. Since 1997 she has concentrated chiefly on chamber music, nightwatchmen, huntsmen and postilions. When world. This brings together two horns, the Vienna F working with members of the Vienna Philharmonic such as Franz Bartolomey, Clemens Hellsberg, Peter Schmidl, hunting-horns started to be adapted as signal horns, the horn and for higher notes the B flat horn, in one Volkhard Steude and Wolfgang Tomboeck. She broadcasts for Austrian radio and has appeared in concerts and gala horn came into existence as a musical instrument. The instrument. One can be switched to the other by the performances, and has participated in matinées and soirées with, among others, Salman Rushdie and Umberto Eco. parforce hunting-horn, invented by the court composer thumb. Yet, as in the case of Asterix, there is a village With the Vienna Philharmonic principal cellist Franz Bartolomey she has recorded music for cello and piano by of Louis XIV, was still used by Rossini. that resists musical globalisation, and that village is a Johannes Brahms, Johann Strauss and Richard Strauss. She has also recorded for Naxos the first volume of the An important step towards the modern horn, the metropolis called Vienna. present series, The Art of the Clarinet (8.557232), with Peter Schmidl. first so-called natural horn, without valves and originally only playing the notes of the harmonic The Vienna Horn Johannes Tomboeck series, but further developed in structure, appeared in Born in Vienna into the Tomboeck-Staar musical dynasty, the violinist Johannes Tomboeck is the son of the first Germany about 1700. The tube was widened, the end To describe the Vienna horn as an instrument is a gross horn of the Vienna Philharmonic. He studied at the Vienna Music University with Alfred Staar and Josef Hell and strongly conical, the bell enlarged. Through change of understatement. It is much more a beloved enemy, a enjoys a present career as a soloist and chamber musician. In January 2004 he was successful in the demanding the so-called crook immediately under the mouthpiece charismatic brute that after lifelong intimate knowledge audition for the Orchestra of the Vienna State Opera, the preliminary for membership of the Viennna Philharmonia. it could play different keys. Towards the end of the offers dangerous and untameable opposition to its eighteenth century it became an indispensable master. The Vienna horn, an evolutionary step towards 8.557471 2 7 8.557471 557471 bk VPHorn US 4/01/2005 03:42pm Page 6 personal possessions. Rellstab wrote the text of one of gentle and sensitive, modelled by Schumann on the the double horn, must perform alone what in the double How does a horn work? Schubert’s most popular songs, Leise flehen meine respected late poet Jean Paul.