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Universidade De Brasília Universidade de Brasília AS PRÁTICAS DISCURSIVAS DA COMPANHIA DE JESUS E A EMERGÊNCIA DO “TEATRO JESUÍTICO DA MISSÃO” NO BRASIL DO SÉCULO XVI Magda Maria Jaolino Torres Tese de Doutorado apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em História, Instituto de Ciências Humanas da Universidade de Brasília, como parte dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do título de Doutor em História. Orientadora: Tania Navarro Swain Brasília (DF) Setembro de 2006 FICHA CATALOGRÁFICA Torres, Magda Maria Jaolino. As práticas discursivas da Companhia de Jesus e a emergência do teatro jesuítico da missão no Brasil do séc. XVI/ Magda Maria Jaolino Torres. Brasília (DF): UnB/ICH, 2006. vii, 237 f.: il. Orientadora: Tania Navarro Swain Tese (doutorado) – UnB/Instituto de Ciências Humanas/ Programa de Pós-graduação em História, 2006. Referências Bibliográficas: f.182-211. 1. Práticas discursivas. 2. Teatro jesuítico 3. História 4. Brasil colônia: séc. XVI 5. Companhia de Jesus 6. Pedagogia. I. Torres, Magda Maria Jaolino. II. Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Humanas, Programa de Pós-graduação em História. III. Título. CDD: 658.4 Ao Giorgio Cuminatto. Ao meu pai e à minha mãe. Ao Carlos Augusto Jaolino, ator. À Lalá, sempre. Agradecimentos São muitos os que, de alguma forma, tornaram possível a conclusão deste trabalho e lamento não poder registrar aqui, nominalmente, todos eles, entre os amigos, colegas, alunos, familiares e anônimos que, com seu concurso, permitiram-me a redação desta tese. Entretanto, embora saiba que é uma tarefa inacabada, algumas instituições e alguns nomes serão citados como referências do muito obrigada que encaminho a todos. Em primeiro lugar agradeço, de maneira especial, à minha orientadora, Tania Navarro Swain, que com sua sensibilidade, generosidade, competência e segurança, ultrapassou as minhas expectativas, desvelando-me novas perspectivas, não só para a enunciação de minha tese, como também para o meu próprio trabalho de historiadora. Entre as instituições que tornaram possível meu empreendimento, do ponto de vista acadêmico-institucional, e as pessoas que as ultrapassam e dão-lhes o relevo que aqui reconheço é dever ressaltar, a Universidade de Brasília, que acolheu o meu projeto em seu Programa de Pós-graduação em História e deu-me as condições ótimas, do ponto de vista teórico-metodológico, para que viesse a concluir minha tese, os meus professores Diva do Couto Gontijo Muniz e Corcino Medeiros dos Santos, pela participação na qualificação deste trabalho e pelas sugestões nele incorporadas, e os seus funcionários, Arlete e Washington da Silva Chagas; a Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, muito especialmente o Departamento de História do IFCS, que nele acreditou e consentiu-me o afastamento de minhas atividades didáticas por um quadriênio, os meus colegas e as companheiras do Departamento de Pessoal, Ana Theresa de Barros Guerra Fernandes e Cristina Pereira de Lacerda Baião; a Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) que financiou, por quase um ano, uma parcela de minha estadia na Itália; a Università degli Studi di Firenze , particularmente o seu Dipartimento di Storia dello Spettacolo , onde pude formular parte substancial dos problemas relativos ao objeto que visava construir, no decorrer do curso de Dottorato di Ricerca in Storia dello Spettacolo que, ali, parcialmente realizei, os meus orientadores, Sergio Bertelli e Cesare Molinari, os professores, Siro Ferrone e Sara Mamone, bem como os meus colegas, em particular, Anna Maria Testaverde e Bernadette Majorana. Do ponto de vista da própria pesquisa e da possibilidade de acesso ao material arquivístico de meu interesse, outras instituições se fizeram presentes, através de seus dirigentes e de seus competentes e prestimosos auxiliares. Entre estas, registro o meu profundo reconhecimento à Companhia de Jesús e aos padres Joseph de Cock, Hugo Storni, Peter Gumpel, Luis Fernando Medeiros Rodrigues e Mario Zanardi ( in memoriam ) que me acolheram generosamente em Roma e orientaram a consulta aos arquivos e bibliotecas privados da instituição, sob sua responsabilidade: o Archivum Romanum Societatis Iesu – ARSI, o Institutum Historicum S.I. , o Archivio della postulazione generale della Compagnia di Gesù . Da mesma forma, sou grata aos padres Rafael Carbonell De Masy e Wiktor Gramatowski da Pontifícia Università Gregoriana , pelo apoio, solicitude e simpatia. No Brasil, muito devo aos padres César Augusto dos Santos, pela doação dos volumes de Serafim Leite para o Laboratório de História do Brasil que desenvolvo no IFCS da UFRJ e, muito particularmente, Miguel Naccarato, generoso tradutor de Nadal para os fins desta pesquisa. Lembro, também, a Biblioteca Apostólica Vaticana e seus professores do curso de Biblioteconomia, muito especialmente, Monsenhor Paul Canart e o Dr. Luigi Cacciaglia; o Archivio Segreto Vaticano , onde tive o privilégio de ser guiada por Monsenhor Filippo Tamburini; o Arquivo da Sacra Congregazione dei Riti , onde contei com o apoio de Monsenhor Edward Nowak; a Curia Arcivescovile de Trento, que me presenteou com suas publicações e com as obras de Hubert Jedin, de muita valia para meu trabalho, e Maurizio Gentilini, que me guiou nos arquivos jesuíticos daquela cidade; a École des Hautes Études de Paris e Pierre-Antoine Fabre, por sua generosa acolhida em seu seminário, assim como Bruna Filippi, com quem tive a oportunidade de trocar diversas informações sobre o teatro no Colégio Romano e sobre o teatro jesuítico no Brasil; os dirigentes e funcionários das bibliotecas Medicea-Ricardiana e Nazionale de Florença, Nazionale Vittorio Emanuele II e Casanatense de Roma, Brotéria e Palácio da Ajuda de Lisboa e das Embaixadas do Brasil, na Itália e na Santa Sé. Um pensamento especial merecem aqueles que me estimularam a apresentar e testar, diante de auditórios altamente qualificados, parte dos resultados que alcançava no decurso de minha pesquisa: padre Rafael Carbonell De Masy, pela minha inclusão no evento sobre Anchieta, em sua cidade natal, na Universidad de La Laguna ; Regina Fonseca Gadelha da PUC de São Paulo, coordenadora de eventos relacionados ao tema desta pesquisa em Pieniezno, Polônia, e em São Paulo; Marilene Rosa Nogueira da Silva da UERJ, companheira de muitas batalhas, com quem tive a satisfação de seguir uma disciplina; Silvio de Almeida Carvalho Filho, da UERJ e da UFRJ; o Programa de Pós- graduação em Teatro da UNIRIO e o seu, então coordenador, Zeca Ligiero; Fátima Saadi, Antonio Guedes e Walter Lima Torres do Teatro do Pequeno Gesto e da Revista Folhetim; os colegas da Associação Brasileira de Pesquisa e Pós-graduação em Artes Cênicas – ABRACE; Esther Caldas Bertoletti, coordenadora do Projeto Resgate “Barão do Rio Branco” do MinC; Marcello Fagiolo, da Università La Sapienza de Roma; a Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei ; a Embaixada do Brasil na Itália. Um agradecimento aos meus colegas e amigos do Projeto binacional Brasil- Espanha de edição crítica dos textos atribuídos a José de Anchieta, que acompanharam o desenvolvimento do meu trabalho: Maria Emilia Barcellos da UFRJ, coordenadora do Projeto, Luisa Frias Foch e Nicolás Extremera Tapia da Universidade de Granada, Aryon Rodrigues da UnB e, muito especialmente, Leodegário Amarante de Azevedo Filho da UERJ e da UFRJ, amigo de todas as horas, por todos os seus sábios conselhos e esclarecimentos, sem esquecer Ilka Azevedo pelo carinho de sempre. Pelos ponderados pareceres e estímulos recebidos na minha atividade de pesquisa, um merecido reconhecimento é dirigido a: Erasmo Magalhães, que me abriu seu arquivo particular, em São Paulo, no início de minha jornada; Sebastião Tavares de Pinho e Aníbal Pinto de Castro, da Universidade de Coimbra; Jorge Couto, da Universidade de Lisboa; Consuelo Albergaria, da Unesco de Paris; Narciso Telles, da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, grande amigo; Gianfranco Isalberti, com quem sempre pude contar, Paula Saldanha Jaolino Sagesse e Leo, Luis Filipe e Gustavo Henrique Jaolino Alves Pinto, Patinha e Nancy, Carlinha e Ricardo, Gerson e Célia Jaolino, Maria América Jaolino e Joe, parceiros de todos os meus empreendimentos. Um carinho muito especial dedico às minhas crianças que, sem saber, impeliam-me adiante: Ana Maria, André, Carol, Giulia, Gustavinho, Henrique, Marina, Nicolle, Pedro e Rodrigo. Reservo uma homenagem, também, à memória de Mario Cacciaglia, que sempre esteve presente. Um muito obrigado é dirigido, ainda, a Eduardo Sagesse que, com muita capacidade e inventiva, deu relevo às pranchas da Bíblia de Nadal; a Lílian da Fonseca Salomão, grande amiga de todos os momentos, interlocutora e leitora, atenta e competente; a Marie-France Dépêche, pela afetuosa acolhida em Brasília; a Maria Cristina Gomes, inclusive pela sua ajuda na organização de minha biblioteca; a Ivete Duailibi, sempre confiante; a Lenita e Amaury Alves Pinto, pela presença; a Maria da Glória da Silva Jovita, pelos seus cuidados e a Ana Maria da Silva Moura, pela simpatia demonstrada. Finalmente, agradeço aos Professores Cristina Maria Teixeira Stevens, da UnB; Edelcio Mostaço, da UDESC; Joelma Rodrigues da Silva, da UniCeub e Regina Maria d’Aquino Fonseca Gadelha, da PUC-SP, pela importante participação no exame desta tese. RESUMO AS PRÁTICAS DISCURSIVAS DA COMPANHIA DE JESUS E A EMERGÊNCIA DO TEATRO JESUÍTICO DA MISSÃO NO BRASIL DO SÉCULO XVI Magda Maria Jaolino Torres Orientadora: Tania Navarro Swain Resumo da Tese de Doutorado submetida ao Programa de Pós-graduação em História, Instituto de Ciências Humanas da Universidade de
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