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Monuments Men Dossier.Pdf DOCUMENT D,ACCOMPAGNEMENT Venus de 13 pays différents les Monuments Men se lancent dans la plus grande chasse au trésor du XX ème siècle : retrouver les œuvres d'art volées par les Nazis durant la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Inspiré par des faits réels, le film s’attache aux aventures de sept d’entre eux, accompagnant les troupes alliées de libération en France, en Allemagne et en Autriche. AU CINEMA LE 12 MARS En partenariat avec la RMN-GP www.monumentsmen-lefilm.com e 23 juin 1943, le président américain Franklin D.Roo sevelt entérine la formation de la Commission américaine pour la protection et le sauvetage des Lmonuments artistiques et historiques en zones de guerre LINCOLN KIRSTEIN RONALD EDMUND JAMES RORIMER (American Commission for the Protection and Salvage of BALFOUR Artistic and Historic Monuments in War Areas) connue plus généralement sous le nom de Commission Roberts , du nom de son directeur Owen J. Roberts de la Cour suprême de Justice. LES GEORGE CLOONEY , incarne FRANK STOKES , MONUMENTS personnage inspiré de GEORGE STOUT eorge Stout (1897-1978) est un pionnier dans le MEN Gdomaine de la conservation et de la restaura tion des œuvres d’art aux Etats-Unis. Il est naturellement l’un des Créée pour aider les troupes américaines à protéger les premiers Monuments Men à être recruté et à débarquer en Nor - monuments à haute valeur culturelle dans les zones oc cupées mandie en 1944. Directeur du musée Fogg de Harvard de 1933 à par les troupes alliées, elle fournit aux unités militaires des 1947, il dirigera après la guerre les musées de Worcester puis de informations sur le patrimoine culturel des zones d’intervention. Monuments Men - les Hommes des Monuments - est Boston dans le Massachussetts jusqu’à sa retraite en 1970. le surnom donné à un groupe d’environ 350 hommes et femmes originaires de 13 nations qui, entre 1943 et 1951, vont œuvrer au sein de la section Monuments, Beaux-Arts et Archives, la MFAA (Monuments, Fine Arts and Archives) MATT DAMON , créée par la commission Roberts. incarne JAMES GRANGER , Parmi les millions d’hommes engagés dans le conflit de personnage inspiré de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, ces directeurs de musées, JAMES RORIMER conservateurs, restaurateurs, historiens d’art, artistes, près des études à Harvard et en Europe, James Rorimer architectes, universitaires et enseignants ont pour mission (1905-1966) commence en 1927 une brillante carrière de de protéger le patrimoine culturel en zone de combat autant A conservateur au Metropolitan Museum de New York avant d’en que possible, mais aussi de rechercher les œuvres d’art prendre la direction de 1955 à sa mort en 1966. En tant que saisies par les Nazis et de compiler des inventaires qui Mon uments Man, c’est à Paris qu’il fait une rencontre décisive avec permettront leur restitution à leurs propriétaires légitimes. Rose Valland. Elle lui transmet des informations concer nant les œuvres Sans grands moyens matériels, ils sont libres de leurs mouvements dans la mesure où ils n’interférent pas avec dérobées par les Nazis dans les collections privées françaises. les opérations militaires. Entre 1945 et 1951, ils vont rechercher, localiser et finale ment rendre 5 millions d’œuvres du patrimoine artistique et cul turel , volées par Hitler et les Nazis. Ils contribueront à la recon - BILL MURRAY incarne RICHARD CAMPBELL , struction d’une vie culturelle dans les pays dévastés par personnage inspiré de la guerre en organisant des expositions temporaires et ROBERT KELLEY POSEY des concerts de musique. De retour chez eux, ils vont occuper de hautes fonctions rchitecte américain réputé, Robert Kelley Posey (1904-1977) dans les institutions culturelles et universitaires. Aarrive en Normandie le lendemain du débarquement. Sa plus grande réussite est la découverte de la mine de sel Cependant, leur mission n’est toujours pas terminée... d’Al taussee au lendemain de la reddition allemande. Parmi les milliers d’œuvres cachées se trou vaient le Polyptyque de Gand q Pour aller plus loin des frères Van Eyck, la Madone de Bruges de Michel-Ange et $ www.monumentsmenfoundation.org l’ As tronome de Vermeer. $ www.monumentsmen.com LE SAVIEZ-VOUS a Le chef des Monuments Men, George Stout, a parcouru plus de 80 000 kilomètres en Europe de l’Ouest au volant de sa Volkswagen ROBERT KELLEY WALKER KIRTLAND GEORGE STOUT réquisitionnée aux Allemands. POSEY HANCOCK HUGH CATE BLANCHETT , BONNEVILLE , incarne CLAIRE SIMONE , personnage incarne DONALD JEFFRIES , inspiré de ROSE VALLAND personnage inspiré de ssue d’une famille modeste de l’Isère, après des études à Lyon RONALD EDMUND Iet à Paris, Rose Valland (1898-1980) travaille en tant que bénév ole BALFOUR au musée du Jeu de Paume à partir de 1932. Auprès de Jacques rofesseur au King’s College de Cambridge, l’historien anglais Jaujard, directeur des Musées Nationaux, elle participe à l’évacua tion PRonald Edmund Balfour (1904-1945) est l’un des premiers des collections publiques parisiennes mises à l’abri sur l’ensemble Monuments Men sur le terrain, débarqué en France en août 1944. du territoire. Pendant l’Occupation, en charge de la collection En Belgique, il signale la disparition de la Madone de Bruges de étrangère au Jeu de Paume, elle y reste seule lorsque le musée est Michel-Ange volée par les Nazis dans la cathédrale de Bruges une réquisitionné comme entrepôt destiné à recevoir les œuvres pillées semaine avant qu’il n’y parvienne. par les Nazis. Il est tué en Allemagne en mars 1945 par l’explosion d’un obus LE CASTING alors qu’il supervise l’évacuation des sculptures d’une église. DU FILM ET BOB BALABAN , LES PERSONNAGES incarne PRESTON SAVITZ , personnage inspiré de RÉELS QUI LINCOLN KIRSTEIN incoln Edward Kirstein (1907-1996) est l’une des figures les LES ONT INSPIRÉS Lplus influentes de la culture américaine du XXème siècle. Poète, écrivain et critique, il consacre sa vie au mécénat artistique dans les domaines les plus variés. Avec le chorégraphe russe JOHN George Balanchine, il fonde en 1934 la « School of American Ballet » et, GOODMAN , en 1948, le « New York City Ballet » qu’il dirige jusqu’en 1989. incarne WALTER GARFIELD , Lors de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, il contribue personnage inspiré de notamment à la dé couverte des trésors de la mine WALKER KIRTLAND d’Altaussee. HANCOCK lusieurs fois récompensé, notamment du Prix de Rome en 1925, Ple sculpteur américain Walker Kirtland Hancock (1901-1998) a Le seul Monuments Man totalement fictif déjà séjourné plusieurs années en Europe quand il y revient en 1944. est JEAN-CLAUDE CLERMONT , Il participe à la découverte de plusieurs dépôts d’œuvres d’art. marchand d’art recruté par l’armée En 1946, il réintègre son poste de chef du département de sculpture à américaine pour ses connaissances, la Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts de Philadelphie. Il poursuit une incarné par JEAN brillante carrière de sculpteur honorée de prestigieuses commandes DUJARDIN . officielles et de nombreux prix. a LE SAVIEZ-VOUS « Avant, on parlait de spoliation, aujourd’hui les choses Hitler ne s’est rendu se font de manière plus humaine. En dépit de cela, qu’une fois à Paris j’ai bien l’intention de piller, et ce minutieusement. » ...et n’y est resté que 3 heures. Hermann Göring LE NAZISME ET L’ART UNE PROPAGANDE DESTRUCTRICE ès 1927 la Société Nationale pour la PILLAGE ET SPOLIATION Des œuvres qui sont montrées aux côtés de Culture Allemande va poser les bases DES COLLECTIONS PUBLIQUES ET PRIVÉES réa lisations faites par des malades mentaux : d'un art officiel au service d'une il s'agit de convaincre le peuple allemand du Didéologie raciste. Cet art héroïque, classique, Adolf Hitler organise à Munich une exposition déclin de l'art moderne, quand il est pratiqué prônant les proportions académiques est inter - sous le titre « Entartete Kunst » - « Art dégénéré ». par des artistes juifs ou communistes. prété comme la représentation de la race pure dont les artistes sont nécessairement issus. Par Le succès remporté par l'exposition, 3 millions de opposition, l'art moderne est déconsidéré car visiteurs, se termine par la destruction de plusieurs il « déforme » les justes proportions, ce qui est milliers d'œuvres symbolisant ainsi la purification interprété comme une corruption de l'art et, de l'art. Quelques-unes d’entre elles seront bientôt, des artistes qui ont produit ces œuvres. ven dues aux enchères pour financer le 3 e Reich. DES ARTISTES SOUS CONTRÔLE En 1933, le parti nazi est au pouvoir. Joseph Goebbels est alors à la tête d'un ministère iné dit : le Ministère du Reich à l'Education du peuple et à la Propagande. Il crée la Chambre de la cul ture du Reich (Reichskulturkammer) une institution qui autorise les artistes à exercer légalement à Sept cents œuvres sont présentées parmi les Le 19 juillet 1937 condition de promouvoir l'art « aryen » et dont quelques milliers provenant des musées alle - s’ouvre à Munich l’exposition sont exclus les « Juifs et les Bolchevicks ». mands ou prises à des collectionneurs juifs. « Entartete Kunst » - « Art Dégénéré » - Pour aller plus loin q $ http://www.lemonde.fr/culture/article/2013/09/12/tete-emissaire_3476761_3246.html# $ Conférence filmée Eric Michaud Le nazisme face à l’art moderne : www.canau.tv/video/campus_condorcet_paris_aubervilliers/ $ race_superieure_et_art_degenere_le_nazisme_face_a_l_art_moderne.11456 Hermann Göring s’est rendu à 20 reprises au Musée du Jeu de Paume - où les Nazis Parmi les œuvres les plus célèbres entreposaient les œuvres et les plus emblématiques sauvées qu’ils confisquaient - afin par les Monuments Men figure d’agrandir sa collection notamment la Madone de Bruges personnelle et celle du Führer. de Michel-Ange. DANS LES TERRITOIRES OCCUPES, DES COLLECTIONNEURS AVIDES près les victoires nazies, cette Cependant, le Führermuseum, grand entreprise va s’étendre aux projet de l’idéologie nazie se voit pays conquis.
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