A Computer Analysis of Vietnam Language Relationships Kenneth D
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SEASSI Khmer Beginning Syllabus Languages and Cultures of Asia
SEASSI Khmer Beginning Syllabus Languages and Cultures of Asia 307/008 is a year-long equivalent (two-semester) sequence designed to bring students up to “survival level” in standard spoken and written Khmer. Class will mostly consist of activities in which Khmer must be used to accomplish specific tasks relevant to the topical matter of the Unit, thus giving practical experience in using and hearing Khmer. There will also be lectures (in English) on various cultural and grammatical issues in Khmer, with a focus on how these issues relate to English and American culture). There will be lectures on the writing system and on common pronunciation problems as well. There will also be lots of “focused listening” practice, games, and songs. A playful and creative approach will be encouraged in the learning and practice of all four skills (speaking,Property listening, reading and writing) in Khmer, as well as Khmer culture. CORUSE REQUIREMENTS: Students will be evaluated according to the following criteria: 1. Overall Class Participation: 20% 2. Completion of homework/assignments: 30% 3. Quizzes: 20% 4. Mid-term exam (written and oral): 10% 5. Final exam (written and oral): 10% 6. Individual/group project: 10% NOTE: 1. Participation: Participation will be graded based on the following criteria: a. 4-5 well-prepared; engage to and fully participate in the classroom activities b. 2-3 present, but relatively passive of c. 1 significantly late (30 minutes after the class begins) or considerably disturb the class including using your phones. The use of phones, laptops and other gadgets in the classroom is limited to instruction or learning purposes. -
Mon-Khmer Studies Volume 41
Mon-Khmer Studies VOLUME 42 The journal of Austroasiatic languages and cultures Established 1964 Copyright for these papers vested in the authors Released under Creative Commons Attribution License Volume 42 Editors: Paul Sidwell Brian Migliazza ISSN: 0147-5207 Website: http://mksjournal.org Published in 2013 by: Mahidol University (Thailand) SIL International (USA) Contents Papers (Peer reviewed) K. S. NAGARAJA, Paul SIDWELL, Simon GREENHILL A Lexicostatistical Study of the Khasian Languages: Khasi, Pnar, Lyngngam, and War 1-11 Michelle MILLER A Description of Kmhmu’ Lao Script-Based Orthography 12-25 Elizabeth HALL A phonological description of Muak Sa-aak 26-39 YANIN Sawanakunanon Segment timing in certain Austroasiatic languages: implications for typological classification 40-53 Narinthorn Sombatnan BEHR A comparison between the vowel systems and the acoustic characteristics of vowels in Thai Mon and BurmeseMon: a tendency towards different language types 54-80 P. K. CHOUDHARY Tense, Aspect and Modals in Ho 81-88 NGUYỄN Anh-Thư T. and John C. L. INGRAM Perception of prominence patterns in Vietnamese disyllabic words 89-101 Peter NORQUEST A revised inventory of Proto Austronesian consonants: Kra-Dai and Austroasiatic Evidence 102-126 Charles Thomas TEBOW II and Sigrid LEW A phonological description of Western Bru, Sakon Nakhorn variety, Thailand 127-139 Notes, Reviews, Data-Papers Jonathan SCHMUTZ The Ta’oi Language and People i-xiii Darren C. GORDON A selective Palaungic linguistic bibliography xiv-xxxiii Nathaniel CHEESEMAN, Jennifer -
The Aslian Languages of Malaysia and Thailand: an Assessment
Language Documentation and Description ISSN 1740-6234 ___________________________________________ This article appears in: Language Documentation and Description, vol 11. Editors: Stuart McGill & Peter K. Austin The Aslian languages of Malaysia and Thailand: an assessment GEOFFREY BENJAMIN Cite this article: Geoffrey Benjamin (2012). The Aslian languages of Malaysia and Thailand: an assessment. In Stuart McGill & Peter K. Austin (eds) Language Documentation and Description, vol 11. London: SOAS. pp. 136-230 Link to this article: http://www.elpublishing.org/PID/131 This electronic version first published: July 2014 __________________________________________________ This article is published under a Creative Commons License CC-BY-NC (Attribution-NonCommercial). The licence permits users to use, reproduce, disseminate or display the article provided that the author is attributed as the original creator and that the reuse is restricted to non-commercial purposes i.e. research or educational use. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ ______________________________________________________ EL Publishing For more EL Publishing articles and services: Website: http://www.elpublishing.org Terms of use: http://www.elpublishing.org/terms Submissions: http://www.elpublishing.org/submissions The Aslian languages of Malaysia and Thailand: an assessment Geoffrey Benjamin Nanyang Technological University and Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore 1. Introduction1 The term ‘Aslian’ refers to a distinctive group of approximately 20 Mon- Khmer languages spoken in Peninsular Malaysia and the isthmian parts of southern Thailand.2 All the Aslian-speakers belong to the tribal or formerly- 1 This paper has undergone several transformations. The earliest version was presented at the Workshop on Endangered Languages and Literatures of Southeast Asia, Royal Institute of Linguistics and Anthropology, Leiden, in December 1996. -
Reconstructing Proto-Pakanic
Reconstructing Proto-Pakanic Andy Hsiu Payap University November 2016 Background • 2 little-known tonal Austroasiatic languages: • Bolyu: spoken in Longlin County, western Guangxi Province, China – ~ 1,000 speakers • Bugan: spoken in southern Guangnan County, Yunnan Province, China – ~ 2,000 speakers Significance • No reconstruction yet • Northeastern-most Austroasiatic languages • Many forms seem to have diffused from Vietic and Khmuic. • “Relic” languages: AA languages were once very widespread in southern China, but have been assimilated by Tai-Kadai languages (cf. papers by Jerry Norman; Jerold Edmondson; George van Driem) Classification Classification (Sidwell 2009) • Austroasiatic – (Various primary branches) – Mangic branch [3 languages] • Mang language • Pakanic sub-branch –Bolyu –Bugan Austroasiatic dispersal (Blench & Sidwell 2011) Locations Bugan people Official government classifications • Bolyu classified as Gelao ( = Kra) • Bugan classified as Yi ( = Lolo-Burmese) • This is because Bolyu has had contact with White Gelao. They migrated from Guizhou province in the 1800’s along with the Gelao (Li 1999). • Bugan has had contact with Yi (Lolo) languages. Personal visits • In 2013, I visited Bolyu and Bugan villages to get a sense of the sociolinguistic situation, but have not collected any linguistic data. • Both are still spoken by children, and entire villages. • Bolyu: 5-10 villages • Bugan: 7 villages Languages compared 3 dialects compared • 1. Bolyu (Li Xulian 1999) • 2. Bugan of Manlong village (Li Yunbing 2005) • 3. Bugan -
Register in Eastern Cham: Phonological, Phonetic and Sociolinguistic Approaches
REGISTER IN EASTERN CHAM: PHONOLOGICAL, PHONETIC AND SOCIOLINGUISTIC APPROACHES A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Cornell University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Marc Brunelle August 2005 © 2005 Marc Brunelle REGISTER IN EASTERN CHAM: PHONOLOGICAL, PHONETIC AND SOCIOLINGUISTIC APPROACHES Marc Brunelle, Ph.D. Cornell University, 2005 The Chamic language family is often cited as a test case for contact linguistics. Although Chamic languages are Austronesian, they are claimed to have converged with Mon-Khmer languages and adopted features from their closest neighbors. A good example of such a convergence is the realization of phonological register in Cham dialects. In many Southeast Asian languages, the loss of the voicing contrast in onsets has led to the development of two registers, bundles of features that initially included pitch, voice quality, vowel quality and durational differences and that are typically realized on rimes. While Cambodian Cham realizes register mainly through vowel quality, just like Khmer, the registers of the Cham dialect spoken in south- central Vietnam (Eastern Cham) are claimed to have evolved into tone, a property that plays a central role in Vietnamese phonology. This dissertation evaluates the hypothesis that contact with Vietnamese is responsible for the recent evolution of Eastern Cham register by exploring the nature of the sound system of Eastern Cham from phonetic, phonological and sociolinguistic perspectives. Proponents of the view that Eastern Cham has a complex tone system claim that tones arose from the phonemicization of register allophones conditioned by codas after the weakening or deletion of coda stops and laryngeals. -
Khmuic Linguistic Bibliography with Selected Annotations
Journal of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society JSEALS Vol. 10.1 (2017): i-xlvi ISSN: 1836-6821, DOI: http://hdl.handle.net/10524/52401 University of Hawaiʼi Press eVols KHMUIC LINGUISTIC BIBLIOGRAPHY WITH SELECTED ANNOTATIONS Nathaniel CHEESEMAN Linguistics Institute, Payap University, Thailand Paul SIDWELL Australian National University R. Anne OSBORNE SIL International Abstract: The Khmuic languages represent a branch in the north-central region of the Austroasiatic family. While there are several existing Khmuic bibliographies, namely, Smalley (1973), Proschan (1987), Preisig and Simana (n.d.), Renard (2015), and Lund University (2015), this paper seeks to combine, update and organize these materials into a more readily accessible online resource. A brief overview of Khmuic languages and their linguistic features is given. References are organized according to linguistic domain, with some annotations. An updated language index of a dozen Khmuic languages is also included. Keywords: Austroasiatic, Mon-Khmer, Khmuic, bibliography ISO 639-3 codes: bgk, kjm, xao, kjg, khf, xnh, prb, mlf, mra, tyh, pnx, prt, pry, puo 1. Introduction The Ethnologue, (19th edition), lists thirteen Khmuic languages. Khmuic languages are spoken primarily in northern Laos, but also are found in Thailand and Vietnam. The Khmuic language family is a Sub-branch of the Austroasiatic linguistic family that is dispersed throughout Southeast Asia. Since the early 1970s, five major bibliographies on Khmuic languages have been produced. Most of these focus on Khmu, the largest Khmuic language group. Smalley (1973) wrote the first major Khmuic bibliography that gives readers a mid-twentieth century snapshot of Khmu. This work was an expansion of Smalley’s earlier listings of major Khmu works found in Outline of Khmuˀ structure (Smalley 1961a). -
Khmer Phonetics & Phonology: Theoretical Implications for ESL Instruction
Running Head: KHMER PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY 1 Khmer Phonetics & Phonology: Theoretical Implications for ESL Instruction Alex Donley A Senior Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation in the Honors Program Liberty University Spring 2020 KHMER PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY 2 Acceptance of Senior Honors Thesis This Senior Honors Thesis is accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation from the Honors Program of Liberty University. ______________________________ Jaeshil Kim, Ph.D. Thesis Chair ______________________________ Stephanie Blankenship, Ed.D. Committee Member ______________________________ David Schweitzer, Ph.D. Assistant Honors Director ______________________________ Date KHMER PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY 3 Abstract This thesis develops an approach to English teaching for Khmer-speaking students that centers on Khmer phonetics and phonology. Cambodia has a strong demand for English instruction, but consistently underperforms next to other nations in terms of proficiency. A significant reason for Cambodia’s skill gap is the lack of research into linguistic hurdles Khmer speakers face when learning English. This paper aims to bridge Khmer and English with an understanding of the speech systems that both languages use before turning to the unique challenges Khmer speakers must overcome based on the tenets of L1 Transfer Theory. It closes by outlining strategies for English teachers to build the comprehensibility and confidence of their Khmer-speaking students. Keywords: Khmer, English, phonetics, phonology, transfer, ESL KHMER PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY 4 Khmer Phonetics and Phonology: Theoretical Implications for ESL Instruction Introduction This thesis develops an approach to English teaching for Khmer-speaking students that is grounded in a thorough understanding of Khmer phonetics and phonology. -
Incipient Tonogenesis in Phnom Penh Khmer: Acoustic and Perceptual Studies
Incipient tonogenesis in Phnom Penh Khmer: Acoustic and perceptual studies James P. Kirby School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Dugald Stewart Building, 3 Charles Street, Edinburgh, EH8 9AD, Scotland (U.K.) Abstract Unlike many languages of Southeast Asia, Khmer (Cambodian) is not a tone lan- guage. However, in the colloquial speech of the capital Phnom Penh, /r/ is lost in onsets, reportedly supplanted by a range of other acoustic cues such as aspira- tion, a falling- or low-rising f0 contour, breathy voice quality, and in some cases diphthongization, e.g. /krA:/ ‘poor’ > [k`OA], [khˇOA],[kOA], /kru:/ ‘teacher’ > [k`u:], ¨¨ [khˇu:], [ku:]. This paper presents the results of production and perception studies ¨ designed to shed light on this unusual sound change. Acoustic evidence shows that colloquial /CrV/ forms differ from reading pronunciation forms in terms of VOT, f0, and spectral balance measures, while a pair of perceptual studies demon- strate that f0 is a sufficient cue for listeners to distinguish underlying /CrV/-initial from /CV/-initial forms, but that F1 is not. I suggest that this sound change may have arisen via the perceptual reanalysis of changes in spectral balance, coupled with the coarticulatory influence of the dorsal gesture for /r/. Key words: Khmer; tonogenesis; voice quality; sound change; phonologization ∗Tel: +44 (0)131 650 3952; fax: +44 (0)131 651 3190. Email address: [email protected] (James P. Kirby) Preprint submitted to Journal of Phonetics January 8, 2014 1. Introduction Khmer, the national language of Cambodia, is notable for being a non-tonal language in what may be the most ‘tone-prone’ area of the world (Matisoff, 1973). -
Aslian: Mon-Khmer of the Malay Peninsula
1 Aslian: Mon-Khmer of the Malay Peninsula. James A. Matisoff University of California, Berkeley Depending from the Southeast Asian mainland like “a long-necked bottle or an Indian club,”1 the Malay Peninsula lies in tropical splendor, separated from the island of Sumatra by the peaceful tidal waters of the Strait of Malacca. In the geological past, before the sinking of the Sunda Shelf, the west (‘Selangor’) coast of Malaya and the east coast of Sumatra were in fact connected by land—and at an even earlier period the two coastlines must have fit neatly together like pieces of a jigsaw puzzle (see Map 1). * This monograph was originally written in 1982-83, almost twenty years ago now, with the intention of incorporating it into the Mon-Khmer chapter of my long-suffering book, Languages of Mainland Southeast Asia. This book, to be published eventually in the Language Surveys series (familiarly know as the “green books”) by Cambridge University Press, is still far from completion, but will hopefully appear sometime during the 21st century. Meanwhile it has become clear that this study of the Aslian branch of Mon-Khmer is far too long and detailed to serve merely as part of a single chapter of a general book on Southeast Asian languages. However, in view of the fact that no other overall treatment of the Aslian languages has appeared in the past 20 years, perhaps the time has come to publish it separately. Since I am certainly no specialist in Mon-Khmer, I have obviously had to rely on the true masters of the field, especially the works of the two preeminent Aslianists, Gérard Diffloth and Geoffrey Benjamin, both of whom have been kind enough to approve of my attempts to summarize their research. -
Giao Chỉ” (”Jiāozhǐ” ) As a Diffusion Center of Chinese Diachronic Changes: Syllabic Weight Contrast and Phonologisation of Its Phonetic Correlates Frederic Pain
”Giao Chỉ” (”Jiāozhǐ” ) as a diffusion center of Chinese diachronic changes: syllabic weight contrast and phonologisation of its phonetic correlates Frederic Pain To cite this version: Frederic Pain. ”Giao Chỉ” (”Jiāozhǐ” ) as a diffusion center of Chinese diachronic changes: syllabic weight contrast and phonologisation of its phonetic correlates. 2020. halshs-02956831 HAL Id: halshs-02956831 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-02956831 Preprint submitted on 3 Oct 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. GIAO CHỈ AS A DIFFUSION CENTER | 1 "GIAO CH Ỉ" ("JI ĀOZH Ǐ" 交趾 ) AS A DIFFUSIO CETER OF CHIESE DIACHROIC CHAGES: SYLLABIC WEIGHT COTRAST AD PHOOLOGISATIO OF ITS PHOETIC CORRELATES 1 Pa n Freder c ( 白威廉 ) Laborato re Langues et Civilisations à Tradition Orale (LaC TO -CRS , UMR ,10,, Par s) 清華學報 , Tsing Hua Journal of Chinese Studies , 50 (0) The present essay tac4les a part cular l ngu st c facet of the s n c sat on process n Southeast As a. The focal argument addressed throughout th s essay l es n the cla m that G ao Ch; should be granted a central pos t on regard ng the transfer of Old and M ddle Ch nese d achron c features—may they be transferred d rectly or "by-proxy" — nto Southeast As an languages from the commandery ( jùn 郡) of G ao Ch; 交趾 westwards down to the Gulf of Tha land as well as southwards to the Me4ong Delta. -
Notes on Chinese Words in Shorto's Proto
Journal of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society JSEALS Vol. 11.2 (2018): lxxvi- xcvii ISSN: 1836-6821, DOI: http://hdl.handle.net/10524/52434 University of Hawaiʼi Press NOTES ON CHINESE WORDS IN SHORTO’S PROTO-AUSTROASIATIC RECONSTRUCTIONS1 Mark J. Alves Montgomery College [email protected] Abstract This paper evaluates Chinese lexical data in Shorto’s 2006 Proto-Mon-Khmer reconstructions to prevent misapplication of his reconstructions, which in a few dozen instances are based on problematic data that affect or even refute his reconstructions. First, Shorto notes about 20 Chinese items to consider for their comparable semantic and phonological properties. While several are probable Chinese loanwords spread throughout the region, a majority of these are unlikely to be Chinese as they are either Wanderwörter seen in multiple language families with undetermined origins or, in most cases, simply partial chance similarities, and these latter items can thus be removed from consideration in Proto-Austroasiatic reconstructions. Second, Shorto also listed about 50 Vietnamese words as supporting data for proto-Austroasiatic etyma which are either (a) clearly Sino-Vietnamese readings of Chinese characters (about 20 instances) or (b) Early Sino-Vietnamese colloquial borrowings (about 30 instances). Many of those proposed proto-Austroasiatic reconstructions must be reconsidered due to the exclusion of these Sino- Vietnamese items. While excluding such Sino-Vietnamese or Early Sino-Vietnamese items in some cases has no impact on those reconstructions, other exclusions result in slight changes in the reconstructed forms, and in several cases, proposed reconstructions must be entirely excluded as only Vietnamese and one other branch of Austroasiatic are available as comparative evidence. -
Some Thoughts on the Problem of the Austro-Asiatic Homeland
Ilia Peiros Santa Fe Institute Some thoughts on the problem of the Austro-Asiatic homeland In a recent publication (“The Austroasiatic central riverine hypothesis”, JLR 4), Paul Sidwell came up with a new conception of what he considers to be the optimal localization of the original homeland of the Proto-Austro-Asiatic language: the Mekong valley in and around In- dochina. The current paper is written in response to Sidwell’s conclusions. These are, first of all, evaluated from a strictly linguistic (lexicostatistical) point of view, and then compared with some of the available evidence on the most likely geographical distribution, cultural and eco- logical status, and ethnic surroundings of speakers of Proto-Austro-Asiatic. It is concluded that the overall complex of available data much more often contradicts Sidwell’s theory than con- firms it, and that, consequently, there is no need to abandon the older hypothesis of a mid- Yangtze valley homeland for Austro-Asiatic (Peiros & Shnirelman), nor is there sufficient evi- dence to rearrange previously offered models of the internal classification of Austro-Asiatic languages (Diffloth; Peiros) in order to better accommodate the «central riverine» speculation. Keywords: Austroasiatic, comparative method, lexicostatistics, linguistic homeland. In issue 4 of Journal of Language Relationship, Paul Sidwell (further — PS) has published a paper under the title “The Austroasiatic central riverine hypothesis” (pp. 117–134). In the paper the author proposes a new localization for the Austro-Asiatic homeland, challenging some of the previously stated hypotheses on that subject. In this submission, I would like to evaluate PS’s paper along with the currently available data on the topic.