Critical Feeling Rolf Reber Index More Information

Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-06019-7 — Critical Feeling Rolf Reber Index More Information

INDEX

abortion, 12, 28 – 9 , 173 , 175 school, 185 action war propaganda, 176 automaticity, 134 animals, getting a feeling for, 205 coordination, 142 Antabuse, 117 monitoring, 131 , 134 , 143 anxiety, 79 , 82 , 94 , 97 , 115 – 16 , 119 – 20 moral, 232 – 3, 236 – 7 at school, 184 – 5 ritualization, 220 social, 115 – 16 spontaneity, see behavior appraisal, see emotion, appraisal virtue, 230 appraisal theory, 67, 212 addiction Aquinas, Thomas, 12 alcohol, 117 , 150 Arendt, Hannah, Eichmann in aversion therapy, 117 Jerusalem, 85 psychoactive drugs, 150 Aristotle, 21 advertisements, 164 , 166 – 7 , 178 – 9 catharsis, 149 affect, 35, 43, 54 eudaimonia , 238 bodily feedback, 70, 82, 128 – 30 friendship, 236 facial feedback, 65, 128 – 9, 169 morality, 32 fl uency, 233, see also fl uency Nicomachean Ethics , 4 , 229 forecast, 106 Politics , 32 incidental, 169 , 185 Rhetoric , 173 integral, 169 , 185 art negative, 129 – 30 , 147 aesthetics, 199 part of all action, 135 appreciation, 205 part of all cognition, 133 – 5 development of understanding, 214 positive, 52, 126, 142 emotion, 211 and violence, 85 forgeries, 206 in the workplace, 78 lookalikes, 207 affective attunement of mothers and medieval ages, 192 infants, see coordination production, 215 aggression, 148 – 51 Romanticism, 211 aha-experience, 51 – 2, 194 – 7 , 226 social class, 200 alcohol consumption, 69, 116 – 17, 172 style, 202– 4 biases, 114 understanding, 205 – 6 , 208, 211 – 14 Al-Ghazzali, Abu Hamid, 228 aspiration level and critical feeling, see alienation effect, 209 strategies of critical feeling anger, 36 – 8, 67, 129 – 30, 147 , 149 , 230 theory, 110 action tendency, 38 associative learning, see learning inhibition of expression, 130 attitude politics, 173 – 5, 177 – 8 attitude-behavior link, 3 , 13 , 21 in relationships, 148 components, 3

288 / Index

attitude (cont.) Buber, Martin, 217 , 227 conditioning, 43 by-products feeling, 133 charisma, 104 importance, 29 happiness, 94 , 104 , 126 – 7 , 130 moral, 13 , 20 , 228 , 236 interest, 187 political, 81, 173 resilience, 122 positive, 97, 138 , 165 virtue, 104 , 234 attraction, 158 – 9 well-being, 105 attribution, 41, 222 causal, 77, 120, 139 capital punishment, see death penalty misattribution, 47 – 9 card playing by Methodists, 171 Augustine, 12 catharsis, 149 aversion therapy, 116 – 18 censorship, 173 character education, 14, 21 , 25 balance, sense of, 53 cheating, 151 – 3 baptism, 171 , 227 cheerleaders, 143 Baroquepictorial style, 202 choice and happiness, 109, 158 beauty, 51 churches standards of, 209 Baptist, 171 as truth, 51, 192 – 3 Catholic, 222 behavior conservative versus liberal, 219 moral, 13, 139 , 228 , 230 liturgy, 171 , 222, 226 , 239 ritualized, 220 Methodist, 171 spontaneous, 58 – 9 , 62, 66 – 7, 88, Protestant, 219 114 , 230 civil war, 122 belief see religion close relationships, 148, see also Bentham, Jeremy, greatest happiness for marriage greatest number, 19, 103 cognitive load, 138 bereavement, 65 , 121 – 3 , 231 – 2 coherence, 12 beta-blockers, use by musicians, 119 feeling of, see feeling bias logical, 10 habit formation, 235 commitment in marriage, 158 – 9 perception, 133 communism, rituals of, 227 see also judgment, bias compassion, 231 –2 Bible, 217 conditional statements in social science, big-fi sh-little-pond effect, 183 15 – 16 , 86 , 219 biological preparedness hypothesis, 37 conditioning bootstrapping of emotions, 128 , 244 classical, 43 , 168 boredom at school, 185 , 197 and critical feeling, see strategies of Bourdieu, Pierre critical feeling inculcation of value, 86 evaluative, 169 sociology of taste, 43, 96, 146, 200 – 1 , extinction, 37 203 – 4 , 239 fear, 37 boxing, 150 instrumental, 43, 146 Brecht, Bertolt, 209 , 211 confi rmation bias, 73, 154 Breivik, Anders, 85 conformity in groups, 147 broaden-and-build hypothesis, 30 , Confucius 125 – 6 , 238 Analects, 4 bronze medalists as happier than silver habit, 84 , 233 medalists, 183 paradoxes, 232 – 5

289 / Index

virtue ethics, 4, 22, 32, 229, 232 impulses, 31 consciousness intellectual humility, 12 access versus phenomenal , 34 intellectual integrity, 12 fringe, 35, 46 versus intelligence, 10, 92 context moral rules, 231 art-historical, 199 , 205 – 6 , 212 – 13 origin, 18 social, 145 – 6 rationality, 10 – 11 contextualism, 23, 86 religion, 218 control beliefs, 53 rules, 11 conversion, 82 – 3 skill, 13 cooking, 143 strengths, 11 – 12 coordination teaching, 9 mother and infant, 145 , 220 value, 14 , 16 – 17 movements, 146 why it is not enough, 27 – 33, 86 coping, repressive, 122 culture counterfactual reasoning, see reasoning, East Asian, 64 counterfactual psychological research, 96 counterfactual thinking, see reasoning, teaching, 189 counterfactual value, 17 – 18 critical feeling defi nition, 60 dance, 142 , 144, 201 , 224 domain generality versus domain Darwin, Charles and marriage, 156 specifi city, 99 Dawkins, Richard, The God Delusion , earlier uses of the term, 243 – 4 33 , 217 , 226 and how to conduct research, 97 death penalty, 12 , 28 , 149 misguided, 85 – 6 deceit, see deception preventing deception, 154 decentering, 68 profi ciency, see profi ciencies of critical deception, 147 , 152 – 3 feeling decision making, 55 , 57 , 76 rational function, see rational and democracy, 174 functions of feelings moral, 229 – 30 relation to emotional competence, 93 spontaneous, 29, 31 , 232 relation to emotional intelligence, 92 democracy, 175 relation to mindfulness, 95 denial of wrongdoing, 160 relation to positive psychology, 94 depression, 39 , 68 , 94 , 118 , 120, 124, skill, 85 130 , 150 strategy, see strategies of critical desensitization, 97 , 119 feeling covert, 116 – 17 values, 85 – 6, 96, 241 systematic, 116 critical pedagogy, 164 desirable diffi culties, 138, 144, 197 – 8, critical theory, 164 211 , 233 , 235 marketing, 164 De Sousa, Ronald, The Rationality of critical thinking, 10 Emotions , 57, 90 bias, 15 Dewey, John defi nition, 10 art, 75 , 213 domain generality versus domain ecology of moral reasoning, 24 specifi city, 99 habit, 84 , 236, 240 education, 98 interest, 187 feeling, 25 – 6, 57, 184 , 231 reason versus impulse, 3 impartiality, 12 , 15, 17, 32, 154 school and life, 180, 186 – 7 , 189 , 191

290 / Index

Dewey, John (cont.) electric shocks as aversion therapy, 117 stop-and-think rules, 66 Eliot, George, Middlemarch , 30, 227 swimming lesson analogy in embarrassment, 120 , 147 education, 161 , 228 emotion, 34 – 5 thinking, 210 action tendency, 36, 38 , 68 , 130, 146, Diogenes of Sinope, 170 174, 230 discrimination learning, 75, 203 – 4 appraisal, 36 – 7 , 212 and critical feeling, see strategies of art, 211 critical feeling critical thinking, 25, 30 disenchantment, 216 – 17 decoding, 152 disfl uency, see fl uency defi nition, 34 , 36 disgust, 36 – 7 , 85, 168 – 9 expression, 82, 129 – 30 , 146, 148 dispositionism, 21 – 2, 86 facial expression, 70 distance interruption, 57 social relations, 151 linguistic characteristics, 70 violence, 151 masses, 178 divorce, 159 mixed, 40 drinking, see alcohol consumption versus mood, 38 moral, 119 , 228 ease of processing, see fl uency negative, 118 – 19 ease of recall, see fl uency, retrieval politics, 77, 173 – 6 eating, 69 positive, 30, 103 , 123 , 125 – 6 biases, 114 processing styles, 174 food choice, 112 rationality of, 57 overeating, 112 – 14 reappraisal, see strategies of critical serving size, 112 , 114 – 15 feeling slow, 113 self-conscious, 36, 119 spicy food, 148 social context, 145 , 148 , 152 ecological approach, 15, 24, 71 , 241 teaching, 184 – 5 ecology, 23 – 4, 194 vocal expression, 70 cognitive, 23 emotional competence, 93 – 4 experiential, 108 emotional intelligence, 91 – 4 psychological, 23 emotion regulation, 67 social, 146 emotivism, 18 – 19 education, 180, 191 empathy, 37 , 123 , 231 aims, 9 , 18 – 20, 96, 186 environment art, 213 – 15 manipulative, 24 critical feeling, 98 – 9 , 242 predictability, 56 curriculum, 5, 98 – 9, 181 , 191 , 214 , environmental numbness, 78 243 environmental psychology, 78 happiness, 126 Epictetus, 238 interventions, 96, 188 – 90 Epicurus, 103 moral, 32, 214 eternity, sense of, 221 reform, 5, 99, 191 ethics sentimental, 98 , 213 Aristotle, 236 social interaction, 161 deontological, 19 , 229 , 244 synchronous movement, 144 instrumental theories, 19 value pluralism, 21 procedural theories, 19 éducation sentimentale , see education, utilitarianism, 229 , 244 sentimental eudaimonia , 238

291 / Index

example choice, see interest action, 136 , 138 execution, public, 149 aesthetics, 200 , 207 expertise, 139 , 195 , 216 affect, 50 – 2 , 73 , 142, 194 , 234 – 5 art, 202, 208 art, 208 interest, 191 conceptual, 208 , 214 wine, 74 – 5 Confucian paradoxes, 232 – 3 expression defi nition, 46 emotion, see emotion disfl uency, 47, 208 face, 130 , 152 feeling of knowing, 49 voice, 130 interpersonal, 52, 224 – 5 perceptual, 34 facial feedback, see affect performance judgment, 140 fairness, interpersonal, 147 processing styles, 50 , 57 , 210 false fame effect, 166 re-enchantment, 226 familiarity, see feeling, of familiarity retrieval, 34 , 49 , 235 family, 161 ritual, 221 – 2 , 224 , 226 fear, 29, 36 – 8, 118 – 19 , 130 , 152 social cohesion, 142 – 3 action tendency, 38 surprising, 48 – 9, 52 embarrassment, 120 theory of aesthetic pleasure, 51 politics, 173 – 5 , 177 truth, 24, 45 , 48 , 51 – 2, 71 – 2, 234 fear appeals, 168 ubiquity, 46 , 135 fear module, 37 focusing illusion, 106 –7 feeling folk dance, 143 art appreciation, 212 food choice, see eating bodily states, 35, 53, 69 foreign accents, credibility, 73 of coherence, 44 , 46, 50 Fox News, 72 defi nition, 34 – 5 French paradox, 114 of familiarity, 43 – 4, 46 – 8, 201 Freud, Sigmund, 149 inappropriate, 231 – 2 friendship, 79, 126 interrupted, 62 moral enhancement, 236 – 7 of knowing, 44– 5 , 49, 58, 146, 182, Frye, Northrop, The Great Code , 217 204 Fuller, Samuel and war in movies, 150 morality, 230 negative, 117 , 127 , 147 gambling, 116 psychological disorders, 115 Gandhi, Mahatma, 170 psychotherapy, 115 Gauchet, Marcel, Disenchantment of the of rightness, 44, 47 , 71 – 2 , 235 World , 218 , 227 skill learning, 143 Gracian, Baltasar, The Art of Worldly suppression, 230 Wisdom , 30 understanding of, 87 , 241 gratitude, 94, 124 , 126 – 7 feelings-as-information grief, see bereavement critical feeling, see strategies of critical guilt, 36 , 77 , 89 , 119 – 20 , 228 feeling adaptive functions, 120 heuristic, see heuristics signaling wrongdoing, 147 theory, 38, 40, 169 gymnastics, 144 fi gure-ground contrast, 50 fi ngernail biting, 116 habit, 32 , 79 , 84 , 174 , 235 – 6 , 242 fl ourishing, 238 complex, 236 , 240 fl uency, 44, 58 moral, 84, 233 , 236 acquisition of tastes, 201 handcrafts at school, 143

292 / Index

happiness, 83, 94, 103 , 106 , 108, ineffability of religious experience, 223, 130, 170 226 bodily feedback, 128 insight, 194 – 5 , 197 chronic illness, 83, 109 aha-experience, 51 contextual theory, 109 feeling of coherence, 46 desire satisfaction, 238 religion, 83 disability, 83, 109 intelligence, 10 , 91 – 2 education, 126 interest lottery winners, 83 art, 213 – 14 marriage, 76, 157 – 8 choice, 188 money, 106 – 7 defi nition, 187 as pleasure, 237 example choice, 189 – 90 positive psychology, 124 individual, 187 pursuit of, 76, 105, 126 interventions, 187 – 8 , 190 – 1 , 197 spontaneity, 105 in mathematics, 52 sport, 183 mindfulness, 190 work, 163 personalization, 188 – 9, 191 hardiness, 122 as positive emotion, 36 – 7 helping, 127 relevance intervention, 189 – 91 heuristics, 23 seductive details, 188 , 191 availability, 49 situational, 187 – 9 , 191 , 194 feeling as information, 30, 40, 55, 61, teacher enthusiasm, 185 69, 73 teaching, 180 , 188 , 191 , 197 hierarchy, consolidation of through interrupting feelings, see strategies of synchrony, 144 critical feeling Hitler, Adolf, Mein Kampf , 176 intimacy in marriage, 158 – 9 hockey, 150 intrinsic motivation, 197 hope, 33, 36, 94, 243 intuition, 83 , 191, 194 at school, 184 correct versus faulty, 23 hopelessness, 77 education, 99 at school, 185 feeling of coherence, 46 human rights, 20 learning, 180 Hume, David, 4 moral, 234 hyperactive agency detection religion, 33 device, 217 James, William, 5 identity critical feeling, 243 collective, 142 , 146 , 224 , 239 emotion, 36 religious, 217 – 18 fringe of consciousness, 35, 46 sense of, 224 happiness, 183 imitation religious experience, 82 , 216, 228 , behavior, 142 237, 242 emotional expression, 70 Johnson, Mark, Metaphors We facial expression, 145 Live By , 26 movements, 146 joy, 36 implementation intention, 80 , 112 – 13, at school, 184 169 Judaism, action and belief in, 234 incubation, 52 judgment, 49 , 225 indigenous psychologies, 23 of art, 215

293 / Index

bias, 11, 23, 56, 69 , 72 – 3 , 97, 108, love, 155 , 158 , 160 , 233 140, 147, 167 in marriage, 157 correction, 40 loyalty, 176 , 179 intuitive, 99, 192 – 4 lying, 152 – 4 of learning, 44 – 6, 137 mood, 40 Madoff, Bernard, 152 moral, 19 , 26, 68, 228 , 230, 234 Manet, Édouard, 212 person, 54 mantras, 222 recognition, 47 marching, 141, 143 , 224 truth, 24, 35 , 45, 48, 72, 166, 194 marketing, 16, 50 , 164 – 5 , 178 Jung, Carl Gustav, 35 marriage, 76 , 156 –7 justifi cation arranged, 157 – 9 action, 231 decision, 156 beliefs, 88 food tastes, 115 epistemic, 11, 56, 71, 87 happiness, 76 , 157 – 8 feelings, 29, 31, 56, 64, 88, 118 – 19 , problems, 148 175, 241 role of parents, 157 – 8 , 180 – 1 post-hoc, 31 satisfaction, 148 , 159 temporal course, 158 Kahneman, Daniel mathematics and beauty as truth, 193 availability heuristic, 49 meditation, 219 , 222 – 3 , 226 , 233 counterfactual reasoning, 77 , 183 memory, 49, 147 focusing illusion, 106 counterintuitive stories, 224 intuition, 23 , 192 mood, 40 peak-and-end-effect, 111 stories, folktales, and ballads, 224 Kant, Immanuel mental accounting, 160 aesthetics, 209, 212 mere exposure effect, 16 , 41 , 165 – 6 categorical imperative, 19 meta-awareness, see strategies of critical moral reasoning, 4, 23, 229, 237 feeling killing, universal abhorrence of, 20 , 23 metacognitive experience, 181 knowledge about feelings of others, 152 metacognitive feelings, 34 – 5, 43 , 46 , 166 , 180 – 2 Lakoff, George, Metaphors We metacognitive knowledge, 181 Live By , 26 Milgram-experiment, 151 , 244 laughter and bereavement, 123 military and close-order marching, see learned helplessness, 139 marching learning Mill, John Stuart, 4 , 229 associative, 43 mindfulness, 76 , 95 , 196, 233, 236 , 240 blocked schedule, 137 – 8 , 232 defi nition, 95 distributed schedule, 137, 198, 232 looking from different perspectives, implicit, 201 67 , 161, 196 random schedule, 138 school, 190 – 1, 197 skills, 139, see also skills mind-wandering, 185 learning, associative, 43 mirror neurons, 37 – 8 Le Bon, Gustave, 77, 163, 166 misattribution, see attribution liturgy, see churches mobilization in politics, 176 living together, 161 mood, 29 – 30, 34 – 5, 39 – 40 , 58 , 65 , 147 loss, see bereavement versus emotion, 38 lottery winners, 106 – 8 processing styles, 40 , 57 , 147

294 / Index

mood induction, 38 – 40 peak-and-end effect, 111 moral attitude, see attitude, moral performance estimation, 139 – 41 moral behavior, see behavior persistence in face of diffi culties, 138 – 9 , moral externalism, see value realism 144, 197, 233 morality, see ethics phobia, 116 , see anxiety moral realism, see value realism pigeons, discrimination of styles in art moral reasoning, 214 and music, 203 – 4 motivation, intrinsic, 144 plagiarism, unintentional, 167 music, 4, 74, 211 , 213 , 224 Plato education, 243 allegory of charioteer, 3, 26 mood, 39 ideal of education, 186 preference, 200 – 1 Republic , 186 school, 143 pluralistic ignorance, 80 , 171 – 3 style, 201 , 203 politics, 173 , 175 debate, 174 – 5 naïve theories, 49 mobilization, 173 National Public Radio, 72 Ponzi schemes, 154 National Socialist Party and Popper, Karl marching, 143 education, 186 Necker cube, 133 politics, 175 negativity bias, 159 tradition, 88, 90 negotiation, 147 positive psychology, 5, 21 , 23 , 94 – 5 , nervousness, 119, 184 123, 125 – 6 Noddings, Nel posture, 70 , 130 aims of education, 96 practices critical thinking, 10 moral values, 5 , 19 – 21 , 25 , 89 , 235 criticism of character education, 22 religious, 239 – 40 , 245 education for happiness, 20 , 98, 103, of traditional societies, 90 126 – 7 , 161 , 179 , 181, 184, 213 prayer, 222 , 224 , 239 norms, transgression, 89 preference, 34 – 5, 41 – 3, 58 , 145 , 188 nudging, 164, 179 art, 206 defi ned, 41 obedience and distance, 151 economics, 41 obesity, 113 – 14 face, 41 – 2 orbitofrontal cortex, damage of, 55 formation of, 43 outrage, 28, 230 implicit learning, 201 arguments from, 25 , 66 innate, 42 politics, 178 music, 42 , 200 – 1 overconfi dence, 122 prejudice, 42 , 50 overeating, see eating pride at school, 184 own-race bias, 125 processing, refl ective versus oxytocin, 92 impulsive, 11 processing fl uency, see fl uency pain, benefi ts of, 148 processions, 224 , 239 parents profi ciencies of critical feeling, 94 inculcating tastes, 43 , 146 changing external context, 61 , 69 , 78 , role in education, 72, 99 – 100 , 144 , 84 , 123 150 , 161, 242 changing inner states, 61 , 80 , passion and marriage, 158 – 9 84 , 126

295 / Index

extracting information, 61 – 2 , 69 , 72, education, 236 74, 84 moral guidance, 228 interrupting feelings, 60, 64, 149 prosociality, 217 projection bias, 114 versus science, 219 propaganda, 176 Renaissance, pictorial style in, 202 in war, 176 , 179 repetition prosocial behavior, 86 affect, 42, 50 , 146, 166 – 7 , 233 psycho-historical framework, 15 , 23 – 4 , counterintuitiveness, 225 136 excessive, 223 and art, 205 – 8 , 212 fl uency, 45 , 50 psychology, focus on processes, 96 food preference, 115 psychotherapy, 91, 96, 117 meditation, 222 critical feeling, 115 – 17 mindful, 233 moral learning, 4, 233 rational functions of feelings music, 202 accurate information, 58, 62, 231 politics, 72, 143 guiding attention, 57 – 8, 62, 194 , 230 rituals, 239 implementing values, 58 , 62 , 230 , 236 shaping behavior, 84 rationality truth, 45, 166 , 221 – 2 , 226 , 233 cognitive, 10 , 33 , 56 – 9 , 62 , 94 resilience, 30, 94 , 125 – 6 emotion, 57 – 8 , 90 in the face of bereavement, 121 – 3 feelings, 57 – 8 reward strategic, 10 – 11, 31, 33, 57 – 8, 161, conditioning, 82 218 interest, 187 Rawls, John, A Theory of Justice , 4 , Ritalin, 92 229 rites, see ritual reappraisal, see strategies of critical rites of passage, 223 – 4 , 227 feeling ritual, 4 , 220, 222 , 224 , 235, 239 reasoning, 9 church, 222 counterfactual, 77, 183 communal, 219 development, 32 counterintuitiveness, 224 – 6 moral, 228 – 9 defi nition, 220 normative rules of, 4 doctrinal versus imagistic, 221 politics, 174 multimodal stimulation, 224 post-hoc, 31 repetitiveness, 221 skill, 10 – 11 rumor, 73 – 4 virtue, 22 re-enchantment, 8 , 218 – 21, 226 – 7 , 242 sadness, 36 , 129 – 30 regret, 36 – 7, 228 inhibition of expression, 130 anticipated, 182 sanctifi cation, 222 – 3 relationships, rights, and responsibilities scare tactics, 26 in, 162 school, see education relaxation, 82, 116 – 17, 121, 130 Schwartz, Barry, Tyranny of Choice , relevance intervention, see interest 109, 158 religion, 33, 217 – 19, 226, 239 secularism, 218 – 19, 227 belief, 171 , 227 selective exposure, 167 , 235 belief as illusion, 217 self-actualization, 187 belief, literal versus allegorical, self-determination theory, 31 , 121, 187 217 – 19 self-perception theory, 129

296 / Index

self-punishment, 118 changing aspiration level, 62, 83 – 4, sense of duty, 229 , 237 110 , 170 , 239 sexual abuse, 122 changing environment, 62 , 77 – 9 , sexual orientation conversion 114 – 16 , 118 – 19 , 191 , 239 therapies, 117 changing values, 62 , 82 – 3, 170 shame, 36, 119 classical conditioning, 62, 82 , 116 consequences, 120 correcting wrong information, 69, versus guilt, 119 72 – 4 , 89 , 167 at school, 77 discrimination learning, 61 , 69 , 74 – 5 , simulation, 70 204 behavior, 234 feelings-as-information, 69 – 71 , 231 empathy, 37 – 8 instrumental conditioning, 62, 82 , see also strategies of critical feeling 138 – 9 singing, 143 , 224 , 239 knowledge about feelings, 61, 69 , situationism, 22, 86 76 – 7 , 114 , 141 skills mental imagery, 81, 124 emotional, 93 meta-awareness, 61 , 68 – 9 , 118, 232 , feelings, 143 238 intellectual, 143 planning, 62, 80 , 112 – 13 , 118 , 167 , learning, 128 , 131, 133, 135 – 7 , 143 , 169 , 230 145 reappraisal, 37 , 61 – 2, 67 – 8, 120, 125 , smiling 129 , 150, 169, 172 , 198 , 230 babies, 42 selecting environment, 62, 79 , 116 , fake, 153 118, 167, 192, 239 forced, 129 – 30 shaping behavior, 62 , 84 , 115 happiness, 70, 128 sharing information, 79, 123 social class and tastes, 200 simulation, 62 , 77 , 81 , 129 social cohesion, 239 stop-and-think rules, 61, 66 , 68 , 94 , social function of emotion 148 , 198, 230 expression, 146 suppressing feelings, 64 – 5 , 67 , 122 , social interaction, 145 – 6 129 – 30 , 169 in animals, 161 timeouts, 60 , 66 social support and emotion stretching, 131 , 143 expression, 148 students and choice of school socioemotional selectivity subjects, 141 theory, 124 suicide, 81, 149 somatic marker hypothesis, 55, 87, 90 ideation, 81 , 120 spontaneity, see behavior suppressing feelings, see strategies of Spranger, Eduard, system of values, 33, critical feeling 103 surprise, 36 stage fright, 119 surrogates, 107 – 8 , 237 Stalinism and marching, 143 swimming at school, 143 Stapel affair, 159 – 60 symmetry, 50 stereotype, 42 , 147 synchrony, 142 – 4 , 224 , 239 stoics, 238 mother and infant, 145 stop rules, 29 , 113 – 14 movement, 52 , 141 stop-and-think rules, see strategies of positive affect, 142 , 224 , 226 critical feeling strategies of critical feeling tastes, 43, 52 , 61 , 200

297 / Index

art, 208 , 239 statement, 71 fashion, 200 Turner, Joseph Mallord William, Snow food, 85, 115, 200 Storm , 208 , 211 music, 200 social class, 201 understanding teacher education, 197 intercultural, 158 teachers mutual, in close relationships, 148 enthusiasm, 185 – 6 United Nations’ Universal Declaration grading handwritten essays, 72 of Human Rights, 20 interest, 187 – 8 , 190 – 1 universalism, 22 – 3, 86 role in education, 99, 126 , 144 , 161, utilitarianism, 244 , see also ethics 181, 185 – 6 , 197 , 239 temptation, 238 – 9 value freedom, 15, 86 terrorism, 16, 85, 173 – 5 value realism, 18 – 20 test anxiety, 184 – 5 values, 76 test-operate-test-exit, see TOTE model defi nition, 17 thinking styles and mood, see mood, epistemic, 15 processing styles moral, 18 – 19 , 236 thought plurality, 20 – 1 , 86 , 88 action, 24 practice, 16 , 86 culture, 14, 79 science, 15 feeling, 24, 29 system of, 33 mood, 39 van Meegeren, Han, 206 – 7 suppression, 65, 238 Velten-technique, 38 Tillich, Paul Verfremdungseffekt, see Systematic Theology , 227 alienation effect ultimate concerns, 218 videogames, violent, 149 – 50 timeouts, 66, see strategies of critical violence, exposure to, 85 , 149, see also feeling aggression time perspective, 124 – 5 virtue, 87, 94 , 231 tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon, 45, 181 defi nition, 17 TOTE model, 131 happiness, 237 – 8 role of feelings, 132 – 5 paradox of, 234 tradition, 88 – 9 reasoning versus intuition, 234 traditional society, 87, 90 right feeling, 135 – 6 , 232 training, see learning simulation, 235 traits, 10, 17, 21 – 2 , 54, 93 – 4, 122 skill analogy, 135, 229 , 232 , 234 criticism, 21 virtue ethics, 17, 21 , 229 trust, 92, 148, 224 , 245 Aristotle, 21 , 79 , 135 in feelings, 56, 182, 235 Confucius, 22 , 32 , 229, 232 in intuition, 191 East versus West, 229 truth, 10, 15, 32 beauty, 192 – 3 war coherence, 10 Middle Ages, 151 factual, 44, 221 , 227 modern, 151 judged, see judgment Weber, Max versus lying, 153 disenchantment, 216 , 226 repeated exposure, see repetition disputes of value, 28 ritual, 221 – 2, 233 , 239 sociology of religion, 96

298 / Index

Weber, Max (cont.) Wikipedia, accuracy of, 71 traditional society, 87 Wölffl in, Heinrich, 202 value freedom, 15 World War I, propaganda in, 176 – 7 weddings, 227 wrestling, 150 well-being, 31, 78, 80, 103 – 4, 106, 120, 123 – 4 , 145 zygomaticus major, 129