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Scorpiones: Vaejovidae) New Species of Vaejovis from the Whetstone Mountains, Southern Arizona (Scorpiones: Vaejovidae) Richard F. Ayrey & Michael E. Soleglad January 2015 — No. 194 Euscorpius Occasional Publications in Scorpiology EDITOR: Victor Fet, Marshall University, ‘[email protected]’ ASSOCIATE EDITOR: Michael E. Soleglad, ‘[email protected]’ Euscorpius is the first research publication completely devoted to scorpions (Arachnida: Scorpiones). Euscorpius takes advantage of the rapidly evolving medium of quick online publication, at the same time maintaining high research standards for the burgeoning field of scorpion science (scorpiology). Euscorpius is an expedient and viable medium for the publication of serious papers in scorpiology, including (but not limited to): systematics, evolution, ecology, biogeography, and general biology of scorpions. Review papers, descriptions of new taxa, faunistic surveys, lists of museum collections, and book reviews are welcome. Derivatio Nominis The name Euscorpius Thorell, 1876 refers to the most common genus of scorpions in the Mediterranean region and southern Europe (family Euscorpiidae). Euscorpius is located at: http://www.science.marshall.edu/fet/Euscorpius (Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia 25755-2510, USA) ICZN COMPLIANCE OF ELECTRONIC PUBLICATIONS: Electronic (“e-only”) publications are fully compliant with ICZN (International Code of Zoological Nomenclature) (i.e. for the purposes of new names and new nomenclatural acts) when properly archived and registered. All Euscorpius issues starting from No. 156 (2013) are archived in two electronic archives: Biotaxa, http://biotaxa.org/Euscorpius (ICZN-approved and ZooBank-enabled) Marshall Digital Scholar, http://mds.marshall.edu/euscorpius/. (This website also archives all Euscorpius issues previously published on CD-ROMs.) Between 2000 and 2013, ICZN did not accept online texts as "published work" (Article 9.8). At this time, Euscorpius was produced in two identical versions: online (ISSN 1536-9307) and CD-ROM (ISSN 1536-9293) (laser disk) in archive-quality, read-only format. Both versions had the identical date of publication, as well as identical page and figure numbers. Only copies distributed on a CD-ROM from Euscorpius in 2001-2012 represent published work in compliance with the ICZN, i.e. for the purposes of new names and new nomenclatural acts. In September 2012, ICZN Article 8. What constitutes published work, has been amended and allowed for electronic publications, disallowing publication on optical discs. From January 2013, Euscorpius discontinued CD-ROM production; only online electronic version (ISSN 1536-9307) is published. For further details on the new ICZN amendment, see http://www.pensoft.net/journals/zookeys/article/3944/. Publication date: 28 January 2015 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:B5D24928-5D29-40D8-8448-4953099A75EB Euscorpius — Occasional Publications in Scorpiology. 2015, No. 194 New species of Vaejovis from the Whetstone Mountains, southern Arizona (Scorpiones: Vaejovidae) Richard F. Ayrey 1 and Michael E. Soleglad 2 1 P. O. Box 2236, Flagstaff, Arizona 86003, USA; email: [email protected] 2 32255 Safflower St., Winchester, California 92596, USA; email: [email protected] http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:B5D24928-5D29-40D8-8448-4953099A75EB Summary A new scorpion species, Vaejovis troupi sp. n., is described and placed in the “vorhiesi” group of the genus Vaejovis. Based on a recent molecular analysis of Bryson et al. (2013), this species is shown to be related to V. vorhiesi and V. grahami. Two of three diagnostic characters found in this new species are the presence of six inner denticles (ID) on the pedipalpal fixed and movable fingers, and a unique arrangement of trichobothria on the external surface of the pedipalp patella. This species was found in an isolated montane habitat in the Whetstone Mountains, Cochise County, Arizona. Introduction diagnostic characters that differentiate the specimen from the Whetstone Mountains. In addition, in a recent Herbert Stahnke (1940) named the first species to be phylogeographic analysis of “vorhiesi” group scorpions placed in the “vorhiesi” group of Vaejovis, all from (Bryson et al., 2013), V. vorhiesi and V. grahami form a Arizona: V. vorhiesi, V. lapidicola, and V. jonesi. monophyletic group with the specimen from the Whet- Soleglad (1973: figs. 24–25) named the next species stone Mountains, and appears to have diverged from placed in this group, V. paysonensis, and was the first these two species as early as the Miocene. Based on this author to use the number of inner denticles (ID) of the combination of genetic and morphological distinctive- chelal movable finger as a diagnostic character. Since ness, we herein describe the specimen from the Whet- then, including the new species described in this paper, stones as a new species. fourteen additional species have been described and placed in the “vorhiesi” group. The number of ID on the Materials and Methods movable finger is still used today to partition the many species in this group into two subgroups, which in general complies with distinct geographic areas. In total, Terminology and conventions there are now eighteen “vorhiesi” group species span- ning Arizona, New Mexico, and Sonora, Mexico. Measurements are as described in Stahnke (1970), The Whetstone Mountains are one of the “sky trichobothrial patterns are as in Vachon (1974), pedipalp islands” found in southeastern Arizona, close to the finger dentition follows Soleglad & Sissom (2001), and Huachuca and Santa Rita mountain ranges, and contain sternum terminology as described in Soleglad & Fet ideal habitat for “vorhiesi” group scorpions. Indeed, a (2003). The holotype was sequenced for the phylo- single “vorhiesi” group scorpion was collected in the graphic analysis of “vorhiesi” group scorpions by Whetstone Mountains by Robert Troup in October of Bryson et al. (2013). 2009. However, after numerous attempts to collect additional specimens from this area, none have been found. Abbreviations In this study, we examined the specimen from the Whetstone Mountains and compared it to two species RFA, personal collection of Richard F. Ayrey, from nearby sky islands: V. vorhiesi, from the Huachuca Flagstaff, Arizona, USA; and USNM, United States Mountains and V. grahami, from the Santa Rita Moun- National Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, tains. Our analysis identified three morphology-based DC, USA. 2 Euscorpius — 2015, No. 194 Figure 1: Vaejovis troupi sp. n., female holotype. In natural habitat (top) and on a leaf (bottom). Ayrey & Soleglad: New Vaejovis from Whetstone Mountains, Arizona 3 Figures 2-6: Vaejovis troupi sp. n., female holotype. 2. Metasoma and telson, ventral and lateral views. 3. Carapace and close- up of lateral eyes. 4. Pedipalp chela, external view, patella and femur, dorsal views. 5. Right leg III basitarsus and tarsus, ventral view. 6. Chelal fixed and movable fingers, each exhibiting six inner denticles (ID). Material (USNM); 22 June 2009, leg. R. F. Ayrey, 1 ♀ (RFA); 4 September 2008, leg. R. F. Ayrey & M. M. DeBoer- Besides type material listed below under the new Ayrey, 1 ♂ (RFA); 3 October 2010, leg. R. F. Ayrey, 1 species description, the following additional specimens ♂ (RFA); Mount Hopkins, Santa Rita Mountains, 2 were examined: August 2010, leg. R. F. Ayrey, 1 ♀ 1 ♂ (RFA). Vaejovis vorhiesi Stahnke, 1940. USA: Arizona: Vaejovis grahami Ayrey et Soleglad, 2014. USA: Cochise Co.: Miller Canyon, Huachuca Mountains, 24 Arizona: Cochise Co.: Madera Canyon, Santa Rita May 2011, leg. R. F. Ayrey & M. M. DeBoer-Ayrey, 3 Mountains, 12 May 2013, leg. R.F. Ayrey, ♀ holotype ♀ from type locality (RFA). 4 Euscorpius — 2015, No. 194 V. troupi V. grahami V. grahami V. grahami V. vorhiesi V. vorhiesi V. vorhiesi V. vorhiesi female female female female female female female female holotype holotype paratype paratype lectotype Whetstone Santa Rita Mountains Huachuca Mountains Mountains Madera Canyon Mt. Hopkins Miller’s Canyon Total length 25.70 26.90 26.30 23.85 24.28 24.80 25.05 28.25 Carapace length 3.40 3.45 3.45 3.30 3.36 3.50 3.30 3.45 Mesosoma length 7.10 7.90 7.55 6.15 10.00 7.70 7.90 10.50 Metasoma length 11.90 12.15 11.95 11.20 10.92 10.70 10.75 11.10 Segment I length/width 1.65/1.80 1.75/2.05 1.60/2.10 1.45/1.95 1.53/1.91 1.45/1.85 1.40/1.80 1.50/1.85 Segment II length/width 1.90/1.75 1.85/1.95 1.85/1.95 1.75/1.85 1.67/1.81 1.65/1.75 1.60/1.70 1.70/1.75 Segment III length/width 2.00/1.70 1.95/1.85 1.95/1.90 1.85/1.80 1.79/1.76 1.80/1.70 1.80/1.65 1.85/1.70 Segment IV length/width 2.70/1.60 2.70/1.80 2.65/1.85 2.55/1.65 2.52/1.65 2.40/1.55 2.45/1.55 2.50/1.55 Segment V length/width 3.65/1.50 3.90/1.65 3.90/1.75 3.60/1.65 3.41/1.53 3.40/1.55 3.50/1.50 3.55/1.55 Telson length 3.30 3.40 3.35 3.20 3.03 2.90 3.10 3.20 Vesicle length 2.15 2.25 2.25 2.00 1.95 1.70 1.85 2.00 width/depth 1.10/0.90 1.20/0.95 1.20/0.90 1.10/0.85 1.06/0.89 1.00/0.85 1.05/0.90 1.10/0.95 Aculeus length 1.15 1.15 1.10 1.20 1.08 1.20 1.25 1.20 Pedipalp length 11.65 11.40 11.00 10.90 10.73 10.65 10.55 11.00 Femur length/width 3.05/0.90 2.90/0.85 2.80/0.95 2.70/0.80 2.82/0.92 2.75/0.90 2.65/0.90 2.80/0.90 Patella length/width 3.35/1.05 3.45/1.15 3.25/1.15 3.25/0.95 2.99/1.06 3.10/1.00 3.10/1.00 3.20/1.05 Chela length 5.25 5.05 4.95 4.95 4.92 4.80 4.80 5.00 Palm length 2.15 2.15 2.00 2.05 2.00 2.00 1.90 2.00 width/depth 1.10/1.25 1.15/1.30 1.20/1.30 1.15/1.10 1.18/1.18 1.00/1.10 1.00/1.10 1.10/1.15 Fixed finger length 2.75 2.90 2.65 2.60 2.54 2.45 2.50 2.50 Movable finger length 3.35 3.35 3.15 3.00 3.08 2.90 3.00 3.05 Pectines teeth 11-12 13-12 14-14 13-12 13-13 13-13 12-13 12-12 Table 1: Morphometrics (mm) of Vaejovis troupi sp.
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