Reasons to Practice: What are you searching for? When you came to Aikido of Austin you came with some purpose in mind. People begin their practice for many reasons and often find that what they get out of Aikido is something they didn't even know they were searching for. What benefits do students of Aikido of Austin find? This is a partial list based on comments they have made:

PHYSICAL EMOTIONAL • Improved stamina & endurance • Better self-discipline • Weight loss • Increased ability to see other • Increased lung & heart capacity people's perspective • More energy/more feeling of • Improved relationships at home being alive & work • Balance/focus on center • Greater sense of calmness • Carry over of gracefulness and throughout the day agility into other sports & activities • Increased self-confidence • Spiritual path consistent with SOCIAL one's core beliefs. • Common interest • Feel safer when traveling • Shared activity with spouse or • Fun Student Manual friend • Sense of structure in life • Community of friends (“I know the • Better sense of control other students better than I know • Reduced anger & other aggressive my neighbors.”) feelings • Common interest that can be shared • Calm under attack with the whole family (age five (both physical and verbal) through senior citizens can practice) • More composure, calmness • Friendships • Re-learning how to learn • Social events • Joy of being a beginner • A place to play • More patience • Great way to reduce stress OTHER (leave your worries off the mat) • Aesthetically pleasing • Non-judgmental atmosphere (It's a lot like dancing) • Non-competitive atmosphere • Flexibility of schedule • Self-defense MENTAL • Exposure to many related • Being disciplined about a discipline disciplines (meditation, a spiritual • Better concentration way of eating, sword practices) • Low pressure • Peaceful atmosphere • A source of learning that is never exhausted

5555 North Lamar Suite C-116 Austin, Texas 78751 512.323.0123 www.austinaikido.org Last updated September, 2019 TABLE OF CONTENTS Dojo holiday closing dates

Welcome ...... 3 Mission Statements ...... 3 Welcome to Beginners ...... 4 Membership Dues / Fees. Recording practice hours ...... 5 Dojo Regi (etiquette) ...... 6-8 We honor the dojo's need for a rest in addition to our own. Basic Aikido Knowledge (Beginners' Modules) ...... 9-13 Notes to Beginners ...... 14 Aikido of Austin is closed [BLANK for NOTES] ...... 15 on the following dates: Service ...... 16 A Quick Visual Guide to Aikido Techniques ...... 17-32 • New Years' Eve & New Years' Day Uke’s Movements (Initiating with Grabs and Strikes) (Please check your email. Some years we have a special Grabs ...... 18,19 class at noon on 1/1). Strikes ...... 20,21 Nage’s Movements (Techniques) • Easter (Saturday and) Sunday Pins ...... 22-25 • Memorial Day Throws (Four Basic) ...... 26-28 Throws (Other) ...... 29 • Fourth of July Variations & Weapons ...... 30,31 • Labor Day Ukemi ...... 32,33 • Thanksgiving Day through Sunday Test Requirements ...... 34-41 (No children's classes that weekend. Adult classes are “open mat” 6th/5th ...... 37 if sponsored by 3rd kyu & above members) 4th/3rd ...... 38 2nd/1st ...... 39 • Christmas Eve & Christmas Day Shodan/Nidan ...... 40 Sandan & Beyond ...... 41 A History of Aikido ...... 42-45 Basic Aikido Knowledge ...... 46 When Aikido Gets Tough ...... 47-50 Glossary ...... 51-53 Dojo Closings ...... 55 Reasons to Practice ...... Back Cover

2 ©2019 Aikido of Austin. All Rights Reserved. www.austinaikido.org 55 Glossary Welcome to Aikido of Austin

Tai Sabaki Body movement. Aikido of Austin is a Non-Profit Educational Organization with Tanto Wooden practice knife. a mission to promote Aikido as passed down from the founder, Te Hand OSensei , through his son and grandson, and through his student, Tekatana Hand blade. Sword edge of the hand, located between Tohei Shihan. Tohei Shihan, until he passed away July 2, 1999, the little finger and the forearm (also “Tegatana”). was our Sensei's instructor. Tekubi Wrist. Tenchi Heaven and earth. Tenkan Pivoting 180° or more. Nage slides or steps to Uke’s back and then turns back to back. Aikido of Austin (AOA) was founded in 1985 by Josef Birdsong, Shihan Tenshin Stepping or sliding off the line of attack and preparing (Master Instructor) . AOA belongs to the Eastern Region of the United to move forward. States Aikido Federation (USAF). The highest ranking Shihan of the Tsuki Thrust, punch. USAF is Yamada Sensei (New York). Head of the USAF. The USAF is Uchi Inside; movement inside Uke’s arm. directly connected with Hombu Dojo (Aikido World Headquarters), Uchi deshi Inner disciple; a student who lives in the dojo and acts which is located in Tokyo, Japan. as a 24 hour trainee and attendant. Ude Arm. The following is from the USAF web site at www.usaikifed.com: Udekimi Nage Arm-bar throw; type of kokyu Nage where Uke’s arm acts as a lever arm. “The main focus of the USAF is to develop and guide the practice of Uke “To receive”. A person who receives a throw, lock or Aikido as established by Hombu Dojo, to promote and develop good will, pin from Nage. The one who initiates the movements fellowship and lines of communication among its members, to standardize by an attack. kyu grading, to register dan grades with Hombu Dojo, and to establish and Ukemi The art of falling. “to receive through the body.” maintain close contact with the shihan officially dispatched as representatives Mae Ukemei are forward rolls; Ushiro Ukemi are by Hombu Dojo.” backward rolls. Ura Movement to the rear of Uke. USAF United States Aikido Federation. Ushiro Back, behind, rear. This manual is intended to help you with your introduction to both Aikido and Ushiro Ukemi Backward roll. the ways of our particular dojo. It is a work in progress. Your suggestions Ushiro waza Rear techniques; techniques applied when one is are not only welcome, but encouraged. attacked from the rear. Yudansha Singular or plural: those who hold the rank of black belt. Zanshin Unbroken spirit. The concentrated connection that remains with one’s partner even after the throw has been completed. A moment of settling and stillness at the completion of a technique.

54 3 Welcome to Beginners! Glossary

During your first months of practice, we will introduce you to the basics of Mae Ukemei Forward rolls. Aikido. This will include the techniques of Aikido as a martial art, as well as Men Face or head. etiquette, history, and a quick look at the underlying philosophy. Migi Right. Misogi Purification; rights of breathing or water used to What you will learn: purify body and mind; to remove various impurities and ◆ The basic etiquette of practice, including how to bow and sit. restore our true image. OSensei considered all Aikido ◆ Correct stance and posture. techniques to be forms of misogi. ◆ The three basic ways to move in an Aikido technique. Mune Chest. ◆ Where Aikido comes from, and how it got to Texas. ◆ How to perform three basic throwing techniques, and the first Nage Throw; the person who throws. Sometimes called “Tori”. pinning technique. Nen Concentration, thought-moment, one-pointedness. Omote Movement to the front side of Uke. What you will see: Omoto Kyo Ryu Shinto religious sect followed by OSensei . ◆ Demonstrations of all the eight basic techniques, performed at full Onegai-shimasu “I make a request,” “please help me”; asking a speed by senior students, from a variety of attacks. special favor ◆ How a regular class is conducted. OSensei “The Great Teacher”. Morihei Ueshiba, founder of ◆ Two videos (A documentary about OSensei , and a demonstration by Tohei Aikido. Shihan. Should you miss these, please ask about opportunities to view them.) Rei Respect, the formal gesture of respect and gratitude used by Aikido practitioners. It is our hope that after your first few months at Aikido of Austin, you will have Reigi Etiquette or courtesy. some understanding of what it means to practice a non-violent martial art, that you will see some of what you may accomplish in time, that you will have some Seiza Formal sitting posture. familiarity with our community, and that you will find something in Aikido that Sempai Senior Student. One who has gone before and persuades you to continue with us. Most of all, we hope that you have a fun becomes a mentor. and safe time! Sensei Teacher, instructor. One who goes before. Shidoin High level teacher who has the authority to How it Works: test/promote students up to two ranks below their own. In the Beginner’s Curriculum pages in this manual, check off the items as they Ismael Rangel is Shidoin for the USAF. are covered. Bear in mind that they may not be covered in the exact order Shihan Teacher of teachers, honorary title awarded to the presented here. The curriculum, like this manual, is still being developed. highest ranking teachers. Master Instructor. Birdsong Sensei is a Shihan. As you attend classes, review this manual. Work with senior students to cover Shihonage Four direction throw. One of the four basic throws. any areas you have missed. Your focus during this initial time should be first and foremost keeping yourself safe. Ask your partner for what you need. Shikaku Literally, “dead corner.” An area outside of Uke’s strength. If you need to go more slowly, if you're ready to go a little faster, if you're Nage moves here to be safe. hurt, please let your partner know. Your wishes will be respected. Also pay Shomen Front or top of head; also the front of a dojo. attention to what challenges await you in the transition from beginner to Soto Out/outside; movement to the side of Uke. regular practitioner. Suburi A single movement using the ken or jo, done as a solo practice. There is a glossary at the back of this book to help you with the new Suwari waza Techniques done from a sitting (seiza) position. vocabulary. Tachi tori Sword-taking; techniques to disarm or neutralize an opponent armed with a sword. Tracking your hours: Tachi waza Techniques done from a standing position. Also a technique We operate on an honor system. You will be resposible for tracking your applied with the help of the bukoto to throw Uke who is own hours and reporting those at the time of your test applications. trying to take it away from Nage.

4 53 Glossary Membership Dues / Fees. Recording practice hours

Hombu Dojo In Tokyo: Headquarters of both Japanese and USAF Membership: International Aikido Federations. At the time of your 6th kyu test, and again each November you will be Ikkyo Number one pinning technique. required to pay your annual membership dues which includes enrolling you Irimi To enter, entering. as a member of the USAF. Jiyuwaza Free-style throwing. Usually referring to multiple Uke’s with a single Nage. Recording Your Hours: Jo Wooden practice staff. You will be responsible for keeping track of your practice and service hours. Jo-tori Techniques for disarming an opponent armed When you have enough hours for the first (or next) test, ask Sensei if he with a jo. wants you to test. In the meantime, work with your senior students to prepare Juji-Nage Crossed arms throw; executed with Uke’s arms to preform the test techniques that are outlined in this manual. crossed at right angles. Kaeshi-waza Counter techniques. Paying Dues: Kaiten Open and turn; to revolve or turn. Tuition is due on the 1st of the month. A late fee is due if paid after the Kanji Japanese or Chinese written characters. 5th of each month. Tuition is not optional. Tuition is what covers our operational Kata Fixed form; predetermined sequences of costs (rent, utilities etc.). You are required to pay continuous tuition. If you are movements used as a learning technique in absent from the dojo for a few weeks (vacation or work), you are expected martial arts. Also, lder in Japanese. to continue paying your tuition. If you need to take an extended Leave of Katsu Hiya Hi Victory of the Day. Also “speed up”. Absence (months or years), please talk to Sensei and make arrangements. Keiko Practice session or training. • For your convenience, and to help ease the load on the volunteers, Kenjutsu Swordsmanship. we ask that you pay online with an automatic recurring payment. Ki Spirit: the vital force of the body; feelings; universal • You many pre-pay multiple months at a time at a discounted rate: energy. The fundamental creative principal. - 5% discount for six months, Kiai Full of ki; on the physical plane, kiai is manifest as - 10% discount for one year. a piercing shout emanating from the depths of one’s - Families receive a $20 per member discount after the first member. being. On the spiritual plane, it is manifest as a steady outpouring of vital energy. The tuition box is located on the wall next to the back door. You may now Kihon Waza Basic form of a technique. also pay monthly tuition at the dojo using your credit card. Ki-no-nagare Fluid form of a technique. Kohai Junior Student. FURTHER INFORMATION Kokyu Breath—energy/ki flow and the motions of the We have an Aikido of Austin email list for announcements and planning. body To join, please contact Ismael Rangel at [email protected]. unified by control of the breath. SHOULD YOU HAVE A PROBLEM OR CONCERN Kokyu Dosa A pinning technique used for developing your Everyone has problem areas starting out. If you are having trouble with ki/breathing without using strength. Usually the falling, with soreness, confusion about etiquette, or even how to knot your last technique of each class.b belt, please seek out senior students to see how they have overcome similar Kokyu Nage A throw using perfect timing and breath control. issues during their training. We're all here to help. Koshi Nage Hip throw, techniques where Uke is thrown over Nage’s hips. The practice of any contact martial art can occasionally provoke strong Maai The appropriate distance between Uke and Nage. emotional reactions. We all have fear, aggression, anger, and frustration, Means “harmony of space”. Varies with the height and those feelings don't vanish when we step onto the mat. Should you of the partners and whether or not they are holding encounter anything troubling in your practice, please consider speaking a weapon. with Sensei or a Senior Student.

52 5 Dojo Reigi (Etiquette) Aikido GLOSSARY of Terms

The following procedures of Dojo Reigi are meant to be manifestations of the Aikido (and Budo) spirit of love. They should reflect love for your Sensei, your Ai-hanmi Mutual stance. Partners stand facing one another with fellow students, your dojo, and finally, yourself. This should be as much a part the same foot forward, i.e. right/right. of your training as any technique performed on the mat. Please use your best Aikidoka One who dedicates their life to training and teaching common sense in all aspects of courtesy and etiquette. Aikido. Atemi A non-contacting strike; a defensive blow used to Upon entering and leaving the dojo, students bow in the direction of neutralize the ki of your partner, i.e., put Uke off balance OSensei 's (Morihei Ueshiba) picture on the shrine. This is a traditional so a technique can be effectively applied; not meant to demonstration of respect for the founder of Aikido.When entering or leaving inflict injury. the mat, do a FORMAL bow. Formal means full seiza. Bow only low enough Bokken Wooden practice sword. that your hips do not have to rise up from your heels. It is better to bow Bu Martial ardor; in Aikido, bu signifies valor and indomitable shallow and properly than to bow deep and poorly. spirit, not contention and strife. Aikido is the ultimate Students should assemble quietly for meditation at least five minutes expression of bu which originally meant to prevenet before class is scheduled to start. They should arrange themselves in a two weapons from coming together. straight line in proper rank order (higher rank on the side nearest the front Budo Warrior Way: A discipline that simultaneously teaches door). Meditation calms the mind and it is required that everyone in the dojo, martial technique and guides mental and spiritual spectators and students alike, be silent during this time. It is suggested that all development. students kneel in formal position, seiza, (the best alternative is cross-legged) Budoka Martial way practitioner. and await the instructor's arrival on the mat. When the instructor comes onto Dan Level; black belt rank. the mat, he and the students bow to OSensei 's picture and then bow to the Do Way. instructor, formally opening the class. During the formal bow-in, please bow Dojo Practice hall. A place to study the Way. from seiza. It is considered rude to bow from a cross-legged position. If this Doshu Master of the Way, Moriteru Ueshiba, grandson of is not possible, please discuss with Sensei. OSensei . The instructor should be referred to as "Sensei" during class instruction and not East Coast The East Coast Federation is a region within the United by his/her surname or first name. Never call for the instructor across the mat or States Aikido Federation. The head Shihan is Yamada beckon for instruction. If the instructor is close by, quietly raise your hand and Sensei. This is the region to which Aikido of Austin belongs. wait to be acknowledged. Then, bow and say "onegaishimasu" ("I make a Fukushidoin A teacher who has been given the authority to request.”) When Sensei is teaching another couple, it is not necessary to sit test/promote kyu ranks. down and watch them unless you are requested to watch. It is preferable to Gi training uniform, sometimes called dogi. keep on practicing with a minimum amount of talk. If Sensei comes to help Gokyo Number five pinning technique. you and your partner individually, it is best to sit seiza and watch attentively, Gyaku-hanmi Opposite stance. Partners stand with the opposite unless Sensei is having you do the technique. Once Sensei is done helping you foot forward, i.e. right/left. and is leaving, a seated bow and verbal thank-you are appropriate. Always Hai Japanese for “yes”. do a formal bow, even if Sensei walks away and appears not to notice. Hakama Divided skirt-like pant. In most U.S. Aikido dojo, it is black When the instructor claps, students should sit down promptly and listen and or dark blue and is worn by those of yudansha rank. watch attentively. When the instructor indicates that practice is to resume, In our tradition, women of all ranks also wear hakama. students bow to the instructor and promptly resume practicing. Hanmi Triangular stance. Literally means “half-body”. When changing partners during class, one should acknowledge the Hanmi-handachi Techniques done when Nage is kneeling (seiza) and Uke partner you are leaving as well as your new partner with a seated bow. attacks from a standing position. When a student arrives late for class he should quickly do a few Hantai Opposite or reverse. warm-up exercises off the mat and then bow in (bow to OSensei and Hara The center or “one point” in the lower abdomen; this is then to the Shomen.) also reputedly the physical center of the body. Hiji Elbow.

6 51 Tips for Avoiding Injuries After being admitted, bow once again to OSensei and then to the instructor. & Enjoying Practice: Students must ask the instructor permission to leave the class early or to leave the mat for any reason; common sense excludes injuries. It is not permissible to If I’m away for more than ◆ Leave your worries off the mat. leave the mat for a drink of water or for rest unless given permission. 2 weeks, I have to question ◆ Practice with respect and enthusiasm. Students should stay on the mat until class is over. my reasons: ◆ Practice often. ◆ Stretching both before & after class helps The SHOMEN Am I taking care of myself, reduce soreness in addition to increasing (The area at the head of the mat with the picture of OSensei): or am I avoiding facing flexibility. Pay attention to your body -Never walk between Sensei & the shomen. It is disrespectful since you are something unpleasant? and stop when it says “enough”. symbolically breaking the line between Sensei and OSensei. The exception The second principle: ◆ Get to know other students off the mat. to this is while you are actually practicing and your PRACTICE is between If you can, join them for social activities Sensei and the Shrine. If you stop your practice to watch Sensei, then after class. immediately position yourself clearly out of the line. Agatsu— ◆ Talk with other students about your -Never face the shomen when you are straightening your gi/hakama. “Victory over Self” experiences. Chances are, they have Turn partially away (but do not put your back to the Shrine). experienced the same thing you are strug- -Never turn your back completely toward the shomen while seated. is the most difficult of gling with and can offer their experience in all for me. overcoming those struggles. Your partner is not an opponent. Techniques are learned through practicing ◆ Speak up if your partner is going too fast with a partner. It should be a pleasure to be Uke as well as Nage. Each or too rough with you. This is not only part movment in Aikido teaches the principles and spirit of Aikido and should be For most of us, there are of your self-defense, it is helpful to your practiced sincerely. times when practicing the partner to get this feedback so they become techniques will stir all kinds more sensitive to their partners and increase It is the responsibility of the higher ranked students (sempai) to see that of powerful emotions. their ability to blend: the rules of etiquette are understood and followed by the members of the dojo. The members of higher rank should also assist the beginners in learning “Aiki” Often we don’t proper bowing techniques, beginning exercises, and Ukemi. understand what those ◆ Tell your partners when you are injured feelings are about and (you may also use a visual reminder such as Care should be taken to be aware of the ability of one's partner so that the temptation is to quit wearing a wrist band on the injured arm or no injuries may occur. Nage should always be watchful for signs that training. Agatsu involves by rolling up your sleeve). If you are too Uke is in pain. Uke's attack should always be under his full control and having the courage to injured to practice, observe the class. Nage should respond likewise. Uke's role is to attack sincerely and then work through those ◆ Avoid heavy meals for at least a few hours follow sincerely, without resisting while maintaining as safe a posture as times while continuing before practice—especially spicy ones. possible. Nage's role is to: to practice. ◆ Abstain from drugs or alcohol before 1) move off the line of attack, practice. 2) redirect Uke's momentum via a technique, and No matter what. ◆ Drink water before classes during 3) peacefully resolve the attack with the appropriate blow or pin. summertime. The fruits of this discipline ◆ Begin to use Meditation & Visualizations It is the responsibility of each member of the dojo to ensure that the are very personal and to enhance both your physical practice various needs of the dojo are met. These include paying dues promptly, very powerful. and your spiritual development. sweeping or vacuuming the mat after class, making sure the mat and the dojo are clean and presentable, restocking various dojo supplies, etc. Enjoy your practice! Fulfilling these needs should be anticipated, not prompted by the instructor. They should be carried out cheerfully, without complaint. Taking care of the dojo oneself should generate a feeling of pride in doing things to the best 50 7 Injuries of the Spirit of one's ability. This too is as much a part of our training as is repetition of techniques, suburi or Ukemi. When my ego gets in the way, and I get injured, then it is important that I keep working out at a reduced rate and direct my attention to self-defense: At the end of class students should straighten up their uniforms and line up in asking my partner for what I need. order of rank. The instructor and students bow to OSensei 's picture and then the students formally thank the instructor while bowing to him. After Senior Student: that, the students remain in seiza until the instructor leaves the mat. At this I occasionally will “tweak” this or that muscle (nothing major). For me it is always a time it is proper to bow to each student with whom you have practiced. sign that I am going too fast with techniques I know too little about. The “tweak” is my body’s way of telling my ego to back off. I look at these times as opportunities CLOTHING/grooming to go slowly & further develop my style, and to work on the thousands of details -Shoes are to be taken off at the entrance to the mat area. Zori with each technique. Invariably I come away from these periods better off than (sandals or thongs worn ONLY in the dojo) may be worn past the before. entrance area. Zori should be lined up at the edge of the mat (facing outward) during class instruction. Senior Student: -Zori, appropriate in everyday practice, are not to be worn during When I was first beginning, one of my seniors taught me an important lesson: seminars because of the limited aisle space. the classes that are often the most powerful are those that I go to when I feel -Do not wear torn/tattered gi/hakama: any holes or tears need to be most like not going. repaired. Wear only gi that are freshly washed . Be sure that your gi is worn properly: right side out, left side folded over the right; and On occasion you may feel discouraged because of apparent lack of progress. belts tied in square knots. There are many plateaus in Aikido, even regressions. These are natural stages -All kyu ranks should wear a white belt. and should not be discouraging. For example regressions often occur as you -ALL women (by the time of their first seminar) and ALL Yudansha need discover new, subtle elements of basic techniques and must “go back” to to wear hakama. No one else should wear hakama. master them. If you feel frustrated or disappointed in your progress, talk to -Women are to wear a white t-shirt under their gi (with NO print) Sensei and the senior students. They will be glad to listen and share their -Men wearing t-shirts under their gi need to wear white with no print. experiences with you. -Don't wear a hachi maki (head-band) while bowing. -NO JEWELRY or metal of any kind, including hair clips. If you Senior Student: cannot remove a piece of jewelry, put athletic tape over it. Sometimes I don’t come during difficult times. Sometimes that is the best thing -Fingernails are to be kept short with NO fingernail polish other to do, particularly if I’ve over trained. What’s important during those times is than transparent. that I don’t lose track of my commitment to Aikido. I stay in touch with my fellow students, I drop in quite often to watch, and I never doubt that I will return.

Please do not leave personnal belongings in the dojo overnight.

Remember why . . . When you first joined Aikido of Austin you came with some This summary covers only the basic etiquette. You will make many mistakes and be purpose in mind. Sometimes the challenges obscure the corrected. Accept this as part of your training. No one walks in the door knowing vision. Your vision is important whether you pursue it in the etiquette. It is part of your ongoing training. There are many more questions Aikido or elsewhere. that will come up during your practice, and you will need to ask senior members or Sensei when these arise. As with all techniques, we need partners to learn.nstructor) Agatsu. Victory over the Self. and clearly see them. The student should await permission to join the class.

8 49 Injuries, Aches & Pains

Pain is not bad. It is nature’s way of saying “this is as far as you can bend or stretch this part today”. It signals your limitations in a healthy way. While students should expect the development & strengthening of joints to be accompanied by occasional pain, injuries are another matter. With respect to injuries, we have one very important bit of advice:

If you are injured, HEAL in Aikido with the support of the dojo.

Please consult with Sensei or one of the senior students if you are injured, whether during your training or outside the dojo. Several students have both personal and professional experience dealing with pain caused by sports injuries and are willing to discuss Beginners’ your injuries and suggest how to handle them. Most are not professionals, how- ever, and you are ultimately responsible for how you take care of your injuries. Modules There are many creative ways that you can safely continue your training working around whatever physical (or emotional) circumstances you are facing. There is one basic set of tools we’ve found to be incredibly helpful for the treatment of most injuries:

“R.I.C.E.”: ◆ Rest ◆ Ice ◆ Compression ◆ Elevation

Senior Student: I see this as a most important aspect of self defense. When I get injured, it is usually because I failed to ask for what I need from my partner. I have a very hard time asking for my partner to go slowly, or to put minimum pressure on a particular joint because I think I’m supposed to be tough & strong and always pushing myself. For me, the way to defend myself against injury is to pay atten- tion to my body and speak up, unabashedly about what I need.

48 BASIC KNOWLEDGE (Kihon) Module #1 When Aikido gets

Basic footwork ❏ Hanmi (basic stance) Basic Hand stretches TOUGH ❏ Ikkyo ❏ Nikyo ❏ Kotegaeshi Basic movements—footwork ❏ Irimi (entering) “It is important to train consistently, but even more important is the ❏ Tenkan (turning) belief that you will continue to train. Strong determination is important, ❏ Tenshin (stepping back 45°) but that doesn’t mean no flexibility. If something comes up in your life, Ukemi (falling/rolling) you must take care of it. But know that you will come back. Some people ❏ Ushiro Ukemi (back rolls—beginning movements) always seem to be at the dojo. Maybe their physical skills are good, but Basic Techniques ❏ Ikkyo (omote & ura) they forget their responsibility. There is no balance in their lives. They are ❏ Irimnage always looking . . . to prove something. That’s why they call it ❏ Kotegaeshi ❏ DOJO: Katatetori Kokyunage Irimi (omote & ura) do - “way” ❏ Kokyu Ho jo - “place” the place where you find out about yourself, about what is missing. So training is part of your life. If you feel it’s just self defense (or exercise) BASIC KNOWLEDGE (Kihon) Module #2 then it’s easy to give up. But you’re more likely to continue if you feel it is important: that it helps you in every part of your life.” Basic movements—footwork (review) quote of unknown ❏ Irimi (entering) — origin carried in the wallet of a ❏ Tenkan (turning) senior student for over 10 years. ❏ Tenshin (stepping back 45°) Ukemi (falling/rolling) ❏ Ushiro Ukemi (back rolls— beginning movements) Crisis of Commitment Basic Techniques The practice of Aikido often develops into a commitment but ❏ Nikyo (omote & ura) like all commitments there are moments of discouragement. ❏ Shihonage (omote & ura) Aikido of Austin offers support through those difficult ❏ Katatetori Ikkyo (omote & ura) phases of your training because each of us has experienced ❏ Ai-hanmi Katatetori Iriminage (omote & ura) such moments. Sensei and the senior students, are aware of the occasional need to wrestle with such challenges to your ❏ Kokyu Ho original choice to begin your training and will work with you if you seek them out.

10 47 Basic Aikido Knowledge BASIC KNOWLEDGE (Kihon) Module #3

Ai = Harmony Ki = Spirit, Feelings Basic movements—footwork (review) Do = The Way or Path ❏ The way of harmonizing the spirit of oneself with the Spirit of the Universe. Irimi (entering) ❏ Tenkan (turning) The Three Principles of Aikido: ❏ Tenshin (stepping back 45°) Masakatsu = True Victory, correct mind/body/spirit. Ukemi (falling/rolling) OSensei ’s First principle of Aikido. ❏ Mae Ukemi (forward rolls—beginning movements) Agatsu = Victory over oneself. Demonstration OSensei ’s second principle of Aikido. ❏ Ikkyo (omote & ura) Katsu Hiya Hi = Victory of the day. “Faster than light”. ❏ Iriminage (omote & ura) OSensei ’s third principle of Aikido. ❏ Tsuki Kotegaeshi

Basic Techniques The three basic movements of Aikido: Irimi Entering & making 2 lines. ❏ Katatetori Ikkyo (omote & ura) Tenkan Stepping (sliding) in, stepping back / turning 180°. ❏ Ai-hanmi Katatetori Iriminage Tenshin Stepping (sliding) backward at 45° angle.

When asked by a soldier in war time “What is Aikido?”, the founder wrote back, simply putting three geometric shapes on a piece of paper: Triangle Piercing/sharp stance/irimi. BASIC KNOWLEDGE (Kihon) Module #4 First 30 years of training. Square Movement /tenkan; solid/stable pin/zanshin. Next 20 years of training. Circle Harmony/smooth. Video: History of OSensei (Early Years) After 50 years of training. Warm-up Three reasons to come to the dojo: Basic movements—footwork (review) • To practice Aikido. ❏ Irimi (entering) • To practice with all the different members of the dojo. ❏ Tenkan (turning) • To follow the instructor’s direction. ❏ Tenshin (stepping back 45°) Ukemi (falling/rolling) The three weapons used in Aikido training: ❏ Ushiro Ukemi (back rolls-building on beginning Jo Short walking staff. movements) Bokken or Bokuto Wooden Sword. ❏ Mae Ukemi (forward rolls) Tanto Wooden knife. Basic Techniques ❏ Ai-hanmi Katatetori Iriminage (omote & ura) There are no competitive tournaments in Aikido. The purpose of any ❏ Ai-hanmi Katatetori Kotegaeshi (omote & ura) Do (Way) is not to defeat an opponent, but to improve your self. ❏ Kokyu Ho

The Japanese word Dojo means Place where a Way is practiced.

46 11

and OSensei, who later awarded him the rank of 8th dan (the highest rank available). BASIC KNOWLEDGE (Kihon) Module #5 1956 OSensei made his first and only trip to the United States in a forty-day instruction tour of Hawaii.

1961 Tohei Shihan and Kisshomaru Ueshiba went on a three-month dojo Ukemi (falling/rolling) tour of the United States, giving seminars and demonstrations. Following the tour, Tohei Shihan taught in Hawaii for an additional nine months. ❏ Ushiro Ukemi (back rolls) ❏ Mae Ukemi (forward rolls) 1963 OSensei was decorated by the Japanese emperor at 81 years of age. Tohei Shihan returned to Hombu Dojo and remained on the teaching staff for Basic Techniques the next eight years. ❏ Ikkyo, Nikyo, Sankyo, Yonkyo 1964 In early spring OSensei fell ill and was diagnosed with liver cancer. ❏ Kaitenage He was released from the hospital after requesting to return home and to ❏ Shihonage be near his dojo. Early in the morning on April 26th, OSensei died. He was then ❏ 85 years old. OSensei ’s son, Kisshomaru, succeeded his father and Katatetori Ikkyo (omote & ura) became the first Doshu (Leader of the Way). Doshu was then 47 years old. ❏ Ai-hanmi Katatetori Iriminage (omote & ura) ❏ Ai-hanmi Katatetori Kotegaeshi (omote & ura) 1969 After his death, OSensei was declared a National Treasure by the ❏ Kokyu Ho Japanese Government. 1970 Josef Birdsong began Aikido training with Dang Tri Sensei in Sacramento, CA.

1972 Hombu Dojo dispatched Tohei Shihan to the United States to become chief instructor of the Midwest Aikido Federation (MAF) BASIC KNOWLEDGE (Kihon) Module #6 headquartered in Chicago, IL.

1974 Doshu was named Lifetime President of the International Aikido federation. Birdsong Sensei begins training under Tohei Shihan in Chicago. Warm-up 1976 The United States Aikido Federation (USAF) was founded and Basic Techniques consists of four regions: Eastern, Midwestern, Western and Latin American. ❏ Katatetori Kokyunage irimi/tenkan: (omote & ura) The MAF became a part of the USAF’s Midwest region. ❏ Katatetori Ikkyo (omote & ura) 1985 AIKIDO OF AUSTIN was founded by Josef Birdsong. ❏ Ai-hanmi Katatetori Kotegaeshi (omote & ura) ❏ Ai-hanmi Katatetori Iriminage (omote & ura) 1999 Doshu died on January 4th at the age of 77. Over 2,200 people ❏ Kokyu Ho attended his three services. He was succeeded by his son, Moriteru Ueshiba, who became Ni Dai Me Doshu (2nd Doshu) on January 18th. The new Doshu was then 47 years old. the same age as his father when OSensei passed away. He remains the current Doshu and still teaches and practices Aikido at Hombu Dojo in Tokyo, Japan.

1999 Tohei Shihan died on July 2nd at the age of 70.

2004 Mitsunari Kanai, Shihan died on March 28th. 12 45 1925 OSensei experienced his epiphany and realized that the true pur- pose of budo is love, love that cherishes and nourishes all beings. OSensei BASIC KNOWLEDGE (Kihon) Module #7 was then 42 years old. For the next two years OSensei taught in Tokyo at the request of Admiral Takeshita and other notables. All the training and travel caused Warm-up OSensei to fall ill and he returned to Ayabe for six months to recover.

1927 OSensei and his family moved to Sarumachi in Tokyo where he held Basic Techniques classes in the remodeled billiard room of Prince Shimazu, one of his early ❏ Kokyunage supporters. The following year OSensei moved to larger quarters in Mita, ❏ Shomenuchi Ikkyo (omote & ura) then ❏ Shomenuchi Iriminage to still larger facilities in Kuruma-machi a year later. As his students increase, ❏ Tsuki kotegaeshi land was acquired for a formal dojo and residence in Ushigome (site of ❏ Katatetori Irimi (tenkan; ushiro and mae Ukemi) present-day Hombu Dojo, Aikido headquarters). ❏ Kokyu Ho 1929 Akira Tohei (Founder of the Midwest Aikido Federation) was born on August 20th, in Tocigi prefecture, Japan. Video ❏ Basic Techniques (Tohei Shihan) Video 1931 The dojo in Ushigome, called the “kobukan” was completed. ❏ Basic Techniques (Tohei Shihan) 1932 The “Budo Enhancement Society” was founded with OSensei as chief instructor. Until the outbreak of World War II, OSensei continued to teach at the Kobukan as well as hold special classes at the major military and police academies.

1942 During World War II the name “Aikido” was first formally used. During the next ten years, OSensei consolidated the techniques and perfect- ed the religious philosophy of Aikido. How to know if you are ready to start practicing the demonstrated techniques: 1943 Sokaku Takeda died. 1944 Akira Tohei enlisted in the Japanese army at the age of 15 and -Your comfort level. Do you feel ready? That’s the first sign. received training as a World War II Kamikaze pilot. The war ended shortly before his mission was scheduled. -Ukemi: Are you comfortable with taking rolls? If you are experiencing any pain or basic fear about rolling, it 1945 Josef Birdsong born August 14 in Sacramento, California. would be best to practice individually with a senior 1946 Tohei Shihan began his Aikido training under Koichi Tohei student (as long as you like). Please talk with Sensei (no relation), then Chief Instructor at Hombu Dojo. if you are experiencing difficulty with pain or fear. 1948 The “Aikikai” (Aiki Association) was formed to promote Aikido in What you DON’T need yet in order to join in..... Japan and abroad. OSensei left the organizing to his son, Kisshomaru -Mastery of anything. You simply need enough basic Ueshiba, and disciples, preferring to pursue further training in Iwama. footwork and Ukemi in order to proceed safely. K. Ueshiba became General Director of Hombu Dojo.

1951 Kisshomaru Ueshiba’s son, Moriteru (the current Doshu), is born.

1952 Through Kisshomaru Ueshiba’s efforts, the first public Aikido demonstration was held. and Aikido began to be practiced seriously outside of Japan. Tohei Shihan studied under the supervision of Kisshomaru Ueshiba 44 13 NOTES TO BEGINNERS 1910 OSensei ’s daughter, Matsuko, was born. During the first months as a beginner, your focus should be on -doing whatever it takes to create a routine of coming to the dojo 1912 OSensei led the expedition to settle the frontier land of Hokkaido. -asking for what you need. In all, 52 families (84 people) moved to this harsh, untamed area. They -taking care of yourself: not pushing too fast. cleared the land and built a village from scratch. The first two years were -working on your ukemi. difficult as crops failed repeatedly. OSensei helped to develop the village -learning the material on the 6th kyu test. Ask the Senior Students infrastructure and served as a member of the village council. to assist you with this. 1915 While living in Hokkaido, OSensei met Sokaku Takeda, grandmas- It is recommended that you commit to ter of Daitoryu Aiki-jutsu, at an inn in Engaru. After studying with Takeda 3 hours/week as an average. We have Sensei for one month, OSensei returned home to build a dojo on his prop- found that students who drop under erty and invited the Daito-ryu master to live there. 12 hours/month (or at least 10 hours) have a very low chance of continuing. 1917 OSensei began accompanying Takeda Sensei on teaching tours, having sent his family back to his hometown of Tanabe due to Hokkaido’s After 3 months (approximately 35 hours) you should be focusing on: intensely cold climate. -taking your 6th kyu test if you have not done so already, -beginning to look at the fifth kyu techniques. Be able to 1919 Learning his father (then 76 years old) had become gravely ill, recognize them, and to do the basic movements. OSensei sold part of his property, gave the remainder to Takeda Sensei -working on your Ukemi. and left Hokkaido for good. On his way home, he stopped at the Omoto-kyo headquarters in Ayabe to request a prayer service for his RESPONSIBILITIES in the dojo : Begin helping with keeping the father’s recovery. Enthralled by the atmosphere and the religious sect’s dojo clean, and looking for projects that you can help with. Begin charismatic leader, Onisaburo Deguchi, OSensei lingered for three days logging service hours. before resuming his journey. He returned home to find his father had already passed away. After 6 months.. -becoming familiar enough with 5th kyu techniques to consider testing. 1920 Tormented by his father’s death, OSensei decided to sell the ances- -begin attending seminars. tral land, moved his family to Ayabe, and began to study Omoto-kyo. His -working on your ukemi. two sons (then three and one year old) caught a virus and died within three weeks of each other. For the next eight years, OSensei served as Reverend RESPONSIBILITIES in the dojo: sign up with a committee and start a Deguchi’s assistant, taught budo at “Ueshiba Juku”, headed the local fire regular schedule of service. brigade, farmed, and studied the doctrines of Omoto-kyo.

After 1 year 1921 OSensei ’s sole surviving son, Kisshomaru, was born on June 27th. -begin attending seminars. (2 AOA, and 1 or 2 out-of-town/year.....) 1922 OSensei invited Takeda Sensei to Ayabe for a six-month stay. -consider going to major USAF seminars. Takeda Sensei granted him permission to act as instructor (shihan-dai) of Daito-ryu Aiki-jutsu. RESPONSIBILITIES in the dojo (growing). Consider heading a project in the dojo, or carving out a particular area of responsibility. 1924 Reverend Deguchi decided to build a “Heavenly Kingdom on Earth” Continue logging your service hours. Start mentoring younger stu- in Mongolia. While in China, the party managed to alarm the local war- dents. Demonstrate humility. (Lead by example.) lords and were taken to an execution ground in leg-irons to be shot. The Japanese consul intervened at the last minute and the party returned to Japan to a hero’s welcome. 14 43 History of Aikido. A Timeline Student notes.... The following was researched and compiled in February of 2002 by a group of Aikido of Austin students who were preparing for their 5th kyu test. While we are unable to share their excellent visual presentation, here is the majority of the textual information from their handout.

1883 Morihei Ueshiba (OSensei —Founder of Aikido) was born December 14th to Yoruku and Yuki in Tanabe City, Kii Province. Born slightly premature, he was a sickly child.

1890 At age 7, OSensei entered a local temple school to study Chinese classics under a Shingon Buddhist priest. His father encouraged his participation in sumo wrestling, running and swimming to strengthen his frail health.

1896 OSensei entered Tanabe Middle School at age 13. He left after only one year of study, impatient with the curriculum. He subsequently joined a highly regarded abacus academy, excelled and became an assistant instructor a year later. After graduation, OSensei became auditor at the local tax office. He excelled in this position, but soon became dissatisfied and resigned after refusing a promotion.

1901 At age 18, OSensei took the financial stake his father offered him and moved to Tokyo to find a profession that truly suited him. He opened a small stationery store with several employees. While in Tokyo, OSensei discovered his affinity for the martial arts, studying Tenjin Shinyo-ryu jujutsu

1902 After falling ill, OSensei gave the stationery business to his employees and returned to Tanabe to recover. This same year, he married Hatsu Itogawa.

1903 OSensei was called to serve in the military reserves. He failed to meet the minimum height requirement of five feet two inches and was rejected. He was accepted on his second attempt after successfully stretching his spine the necessary half inch.

1904 The Russo-Japanese war brought OSensei to the front in Manchuria. He worked as an MP and did not see action in the conflict due to his father’s work to keep him out of harm’s way. While enlisted, OSensei became an excellent bayonnetist and studied Yagyu-ruy jujutsu and Kokodan judo. OSensei was offered the chance of a military career but he declined and accepted a regular discharge when the regiment returned to Japan.

1909 OSensei met the noted scholar, Minakata Kumakusa, and became passionately involved in politics and the protest movement against the government’s recent Shrine Consolidation Policy. 42 15 SERVICE SANDAN (3rd Black Belt)

We are a not-for-profit organization. We exist because of the USAF Requirements: ✧ Tsuki (5 ways) generosity of our fellow members who support the dojo through their own ◆ Katatori Menuchi (5 ways) ✧ Katatori Tsuki (5 ways) unique talents. Part of our training is returning what has been given to us. ◆ Shomenuchi (5--no iriminage) ✧ Katatetori (5 ways) As we progress in rank, we progress in responsibility. Here is a PARTIAL ◆ Yokomenuchi (5 ways) ✧ Jo Waza list of areas run by students where you can apply your service hours. Please ◆ Ryotetori (5 ways) ai-hanmi talk to the chairperson of the committee(s) you wish to support, and keep ◆ Morotetori (5 ways) gyaku-hanmi track of your service hours. To find out the names/phones of the current ◆ Koshinage (5 ways) Morotetori committee charipersons, please talk to senior students or Sensei. ◆ Tantotori ✧ Suwari Waza Tsuki (5?) Shomenuchi Iriminage CHILDREN’S PROGRAMS BEGINNERS Shomenuchi (5?) Tsuki Nikkyo -assisting Children’s classes -assisting Beginners Yokomenuchi (5?) Shomenuchi Nikkyo -teaching -promoting ◆ Hanmi Handachi Tsuki Ikkyo -planning INVENTORY Ushiro (5 ways) Tsuki Sankyo -special events -counting inventory FREESTYLE - 5 PERSONS -promoting -ordering gi/videos & other Tsuki Yonkyo DOJO CLEANING -buying supplies ✧ Hanmi-Handachi -daily tasks (summary) PLANNING OPTIONALS Tsuki Sankyo -weekly -long range planning committee ✧ Tachitori - 2 persons Tsuki Yonkyo -monthly EDUCATION ✧ Jotori Katatetoi Iriminage -special projects/special events -teaching ✧ Henkawaza Katatetori Iriminage (ai-hanmi) DOJO MAINTENANCE -creation of educational supplies ✧ Kaeshiwaza Jujinage (3 ways) -routine (changing lights etc) -creation of educational -landlord communication programs & curriculum. COMMUNICATION WEBSITE -returning phone messages -ongoing design -calling members (general) -content: writing & illustration -special events communications -maintenance Promotions beyond Sandan MEMBERSHIP PHOTOGRAPHY ADMINISTRATION -during seminars & special projects -data entry SEMINARS Promotions beyond Sandan are done primarily at the -reports (internal) -multiple committees for special recommendation of one of the USAF Shihan. -reports to USAF projects during the seminars -communications with other dojo FUND-RAISING FINANCIAL -special events -making deposits SPECIAL PROJECTS -data entry -multiple projects as needed. -paying bills OUTREACH -preparing/interpreting reports -demonstrations off-site -budgeting -guest speakers MARKETING AMBIANCE -creating/placing Ads -flowers -posting flyers -dojo structure improvements -internal brochures/support materials BUILDING FUND -forms: creation/maintenance/ -planning, researching and printing fund-raising for future purchase -design t-shirts & other materials of a permanent building for -design/write internal hand-outs Aikido of Austin. 16 41 Dan tests vary greatly. ALL elements of the test are at the discretion of the examiner and may not fit the guidelines below. 2 USAF Seminars/year required. SHODAN (1st Black Belt) 400 hours + 10 Service Hours/year ◆ (All of 1st Kyu) ✧ Katatetori (5 ways) ◆ 2 seminars per year after Shodan ✧ Jo Waza ◆ 400 hours ai-hanmi ◆ Katatori Menuchi (5 ways) gyaku-hanmi ◆ Shomenuchi (5--no iriminage) Morotetori ◆ Yokomenuchi (5 ways) ✧ Suwari Waza ◆ Ryotetori (5 ways) Shomenuchi Iriminage ◆ Morotetori (5 ways) Tsuki Nikkyo ◆ Koshinage (5 ways) Shomenuchi Nikkyo ◆ Tantotori Tsuki Ikkyo A Quick Tsuki (5 ways) Tsuki Sankyo Shomenuchi (5 ways) Tsuki Yonkyo Visual Guide Yokomenuchi (5 ways) ✧ Hanmi-Handachi The following ◆ Hanmi Handachi Tsuki Sankyo to Basic pages show Ushiro (5 ways) Tsuki Yonkyo key features FREESTYLE - 4 PERSONS Katatetoi Iriminage Aikido Katatetori Iriminage (ai-hanmi) of basic Aikido OPTIONALS Jujinage (3 ways) Techniques movements. ✧ Any technique from any attack ✧ Tachitori ✧ Tsuki (5 ways) ✧ Jotori Due to the ✧ Katatori Tsuki (5 ways) ✧ Henkawaza static nature of photographs, the essence of the movements cannot NIDAN (2nd Black Belt) 600 hours + 10 Service Hours/year be captured on paper. ◆ Katatori Menuchi (5 ways) ✧ Katatori Tsuki (5 ways) ◆ Shomenuchi (5--no iriminage) ✧ Katatetori (5 ways) This section is meant as a Reference ◆ Yokomenuchi (5 ways) ✧ Jo Waza Guide, not as instructional material. ◆ Ryotetori (5 ways) ai-hanmi There is no substitute for practicing ◆ Morotetori (5 ways) gyaku-hanmi the movements repetitively with ◆ Koshinage (5 ways) morotetori ongoing assistance from Sensei ◆ Tantotori ✧ Suwari Waza and your Sempai to keep your Tsuki (5 ways) Shomenuchi Iriminage movements and your spirit on track. Shomenuchi (5 ways) Shomenuchi Nikkyo Yokomenuchi (5 ways) Tsuki Ikkyo ◆Hanmi Handachi Tsuki Sankyo Ushiro (5 ways) Tsuki Yonkyo FREESTYLE - 5 PERSONS ✧ Hanmi-Handachi Tsuki Sankyo OPTIONALS Tsuki Yonkyo ✧ Tachitori - 2 persons Katatetoi Iriminage ✧ Henkawaza Katatetori Iriminage (ai-hanmi) ✧ Kaeshiwaza Jujinage (3 ways) 40 UKE’S MOVEMENTS 2nd Kyu (150 practice hours + 10 Service Hours per year)

USAF REQUIREMENTS ✧ Ushiro Kubishime Koshinage Basics are in BOLD ◆ Shomenuchi Shihonage (O/U) 2 ways ◆ Shomenuchi Kaitenage (O/U) ✧ Ushiro Ryokatatori Iriminage ◆ Yokomenuchi Gokyo (O/U) ✧ Ushiro Ryokatatori Kokyunage GRABS ◆ Ushiro Tekubitori Shihonage (O/U) 3 ways Hijitori Elbow grab (2 elbows) ◆ Ushiro Tekubitori Jujinage ✧ Morotetori Shihonage (O/U) Katatetori Grabbing one wrist ◆ Ushiro Kubishime Jujinage 2 sides (beginning stance is gyaku hanmi) ◆ Morotetori Nikyo ✧ Ushiro Ryotetori Kokyunage Ai-hanmi Katatetori Grabbing one wrist across the body, 3 ways (left to left or right/right: beginning Hanmi-Handachi ✧ Morotetori Kokyunage stance is Ai-hanmi) ◆ Shomenuchi Iriminage 3 ways Katatori Grabbing one shoulder ◆ Katatetori Nikyo (O/U) ✧ Jujinage Kubishime Choke ◆ Yokomenuchi Kotegaeshi 3 ways Morotetori Uke uses 2 hands to grab one of Nage’s arms FREESTYLE - 2 PERSONS Hanmi-Handachi Ryotetori Uke uses 2 hands to grab both of ✧ Shomenuchi Kotegaeshi Nage’s arms OPTIONAL ✧ Shomenuchi Sankyo (O/U) Ryokatatori Uke uses 2 hands to grab both of ✧ Any basic technique any attack ✧ Yokomenuchi Shihonage (O/U) Nage’s shoulders ✧ Ushiro Kubishime Shihonage (O/U) ✧ Katatetori Sumiotoshi (O/U) Ushiro Kubishime Choking from behind ✧ Katatetori Kokyunage- 2 ways Ushiro Ryotetori Grabbing both wrists from behind Ushiro Ryokatatori Grabbing both shoulders from behind 1st Kyu (200 practice hours + 10 Service Hours per year) USAF REQUIREMENTS ◆ Katatori Menuchi - 5 techniques ✧ Katatetori - 5 techniques ◆ Yokomenuchi - 5 techniques ✧ Jo Waza: ai-ahnmi, gyaku-hanmi, ◆ Morotetori - 5 techniques and morotetori ◆ Shomenuchi - 5 techniques (no irminage) Suwari Waza ◆ Ryotetori - 5 techniques ✧ Shomenuchi Iriminage ◆ Koshinage - 5 techniques ✧ Shomenuchi NIkyo (O/U) NOTE: ◆ Tantotori: tsuki, shomenuchi, and ✧ Tsuki Ikkyo (O/U) The photographs in this manual are temproary. yokomenuchi ✧ Tsuki Nikkyo (O/U) ✧ They are very low resolution images, but are Tsuki Sankyo (O/U) Hanmi-Handachi ✧ Tsuki Yonkyo (O/U) the best we have available at this time. ◆ Ushiro - 5 techniques Hanmi-Handachi We are currently re-photographing these images FREESTYLE - 3 PERSONS ✧ Tsuki Sankyo (O/U) with a high resolution camera and will replace ✧ Tsuki Yonkyo (O/U) them in future editions. OPTIONAL ✧ Katatetori Iriminage ✧ Tsuki - 5 techniques ✧ Katatetori ai-hanmi Iriminage ✧ Katatori Tsuki - 5 techniques ✧ Jujinage - 3 techniques

18 39 4th Kyu (80+ practice hours + 10 Service Hours) Attacks—Grabs USAF REQUIREMENTS OPTIONALS ◆ Shomenuchi Nikyo (O/U) ✧ Nikyo from all attacks ◆ Yokomenuchi Shihonage (O/U) ✧ Katatetori Kotegaeshi - any style ◆ Tsuki Iriminage - 3 ways ✧ Katatetori Iriminage ai-hanmi ◆ Ushiro Ryotetori Sankyo (O/U) (& gyaku) 2 ways ◆ Ushiro Ryokatatori Kotegaeshi ✧ Ryotetori Shihonage (O/U) ✧ Ushiro Ryokatatori Shihonage Suwari Waza (O/U) ◆ Shomenuchi Ikkyo (O/U) ✧ Yokomenuchi Ikkyo (O/U) ◆ Katatori Nikyo (O/U) ✧ Ryotetori Kokyunage - any style ◆ Katatetori Sankyo (O/U) ✧ Katatetori Shihonage (O/U) Katatetori Ryotetori Morotetori ai-hanmi

3rd Kyu (100+ practice hours + 10 Service Hours) USAF REQUIREMENTS OPTIONALS Katatori Katatori Tsuki Ushiro ◆ Yokomenuchi Iriminage-3 ways ✧ Sankyo from any attack Ryokatatori ◆ Yokomenuchi Kotegaeshi ✧ Ushiro Ryokatatori - 3 techniques ◆ Tsuki Kaitenage (O/U) ✧ Ryokatatori - 3 techniques ◆ Ushiro Ryokatatori Sankyo (O/U) ✧ Jujinage - 3 techniques ◆ Morotetori Iriminage-3 ways ✧ Best Technique ◆ Shomenuchi Sankyo (O/U) ✧ Yokomenuchi 3 techniques (no shihonage) Suwari Waza Suwari Waza ◆ Shomenuchi Iriminage ✧ Shomenuchi Ikkyo, Nikyo, Sankyo ◆ Shomenuchi Nikyo (O/U) & Yonkyo (O/U) Hanmi-Handachi Hanmi-Handachi ✧ Ryotetori Shihonage (O/U) ◆ Katatetori Shihonage (O/U) Ushiro Hijitori Choke Ushiro Kubishime ◆ Katatetori Kaitenage (O/U) (rear elbow grab (double front) (rear choke: one (Uchi & Soto) -2 hands) hand grabs the wrist, one chokes)

38 19 ◆ Tai sabaki - Body movement (footwork) (a) Tenkan - Turn 180 degrees (b) Irimi - Entering forward (c) Irimi tenkan - Enter / Turn 180 degrees (20+ practice hours) (d) Tenshin - step backUKE's 45 degrees Movements 6th Kyu ◆ Hanmi - “Half” stance (w/partner) ◆ Seiza - Formal sitting ◆ Tai sabaki (continued . . . ) (a) Ai hanmi - Same foot (left/left) Bowing/Rei - Formal bow (c) Irimi tenkan - (b) Gyaku hanmi - Opposite foot (mirror) Rise from seiza Enter/turn 180 degrees ◆ Atemi - Strikes (w/partner) Basics are in BOLD ◆ Shikko - Knee walking (d) Tenshin - (a) Tsuki - Thrust/punch to the chest ◆ Hanmi -“Half” stance Step back 45 degrees (b) Yokomenuchi - Diagonal strike to head (a) Migi hanmi - Right foot ◆ Hanmi - “Half” stance (c) Shomenuchi - Overhead strike to head (b) Hidari hanmi - Left foot (w/partner) ◆ Tai no henko - (w/partner-both uke/nage) STRIKES ◆ Ukemi - Rolling (a) Ai hanmi - Same foot Tenkan from wrist grab Shomenuchi Overhead strike (straight line) Begin (a) Ushiro ukemi - back roll (left/left) ◆ Kokyudosa - Breath practice (end of class) gyaku hanmi) (b) Mae ukemi - front roll (b) Gyaku hanmi - Opposite foot Yokomenuchi Strike to the neck ◆ Kokyu undo ◆ Atemi - Strikes (w/partner) ◆ Tai sabaki Tsuki Punch to the waist. Begin in ai hanmi (“Breath” practice) (a) Tsuki - Thrust/punch to chest (a) Tenkan Katatori Menuchi Uke grabs Nage’s shoulder, (a) Funakogi undo - Rowing (b) Yokomenuchi - Diagonal strike (b) Irimi Nage strikes Uke’s face (b) Ikkyo undo - Swing up (c) Shomenuchi - Overhead strike (c) Irimi tenkan Katatetori Menuchi Uke grabs Nage’s wrist, ◆ Tai sabaki ◆ Tai no henko - (d) Tenshin Nage strikes Uke’s face Body movement (footwork) (w/partner: both uke/nage) ◆ Hanmi (w/partner) (a) Tenkan - Turn 180 degrees Tenkan from wrist grab (a) Ai hanmi (b) Irimi - Entering forward ◆ Kokyudosa - Breath practice (b) Gyaku hanmi (end of class) ◆ Atemi (w/partner) (a) Tsuki (b) Yokomenuchi 5th Kyu (60+ practice hours + 10 Service Hours) (c) Shomenuchi Optionals: ◆ Tai no henko (w/partner) . . . . . USAF Requirements: The following list is made of ◆ as both uke and nage Shomenuchi Ikkyo techniques which may appear on the ◆ Kokyudosa (omote/ura) 5th kyu test. The examiner may ask for ◆ Ryotetori Tenchinage any random techniques in addition to (omote/ura) the listed techniques. ◆ Morotetori Kokyunage (omote/ura) ✧ Forward and backward Ukemi ◆ Shomenuchi Iriminage ✧ Ikkyo from all attack forms ◆ Tsuki Kotegaeshi ✧ Katatetori Kokyunage ◆ Katatetori Shihonage ✧ Kokyudosa (omote/ura) ✧ Best Technique ◆ Ushiro Tekubitori Kotegaeshi— ✧ Techniques from the aka: Ushiro Ryotetori Kotegaeshi 4th kyu test

Techniques: 4 basic pins (Ikkyo / Nikyo / Sankyo / Yonkyo) 4 basic throws (Shihonage / Kotegaeshi / Iriminage / Kaitenage) UKE Movements: Strikes: Shomenuchi / Yokomenuchi / Tsuki Grabs: Katatetori / Ai-hanmi Katatetori / Katatori / Ai-hanmi Katatori / Ryotetori / Morotetori / Ushiro Ryotetori 20 37 TEST Requirements & Etiquette Attacks—Strikes

During the Test: NOTE: The following requirements are specific to Aikido of Austin and may be When your name is called, line up in the order that you are called in. greater than the minimum required by USAF. All categories are from the last test (1st name called is closest to the testing instructor). Bow first to the picture of date. OSensei , then to the picture of Tohei Shihan and then to your partner. At each change in technique, return to your original­­ position. If you do not hear the 5 t h kyu 60+ name of the technique clearly, it is acceptable to bow and ask “Excuse me, p r a c t i c e days Sensei. I did not hear.” Begin each technique as quickly as possible after it is called out. After the test is complete, repeat the bowing sequence that was 4 t h kyu done at the line-up. 80+ prac- tice days / 10+ s e r v i c e hours Demonstrate the highest level of etiquette possible. Wear your best gi (& hakama if applicable). If you are unable to hear or understand the 3 r d kyu examiner, bow & politely ask them to repeat the name of the technique. Listen, bow again, and return to your test. Shomenuchi (Direct strike to the TOP of the head) Have an Uke picked out prior to the test in case you will need one. Often it is not known whether or not you will need an Uke until the moment 1 0 0 + practice days / of the test and it may cause unnecessary delays if you have to scramble 1 0 + s e r v i c e hours to find someone at the last moment. 2 n d kyu No cameras, no talking during the test. 2 0 0 + practice days / 1 0 + s e r v i c e hours After the Seminar: Express gratitude to Sensei and to your Sempai after the test for helping you. 1 s t kyu Test Results: If you passed the test, you will receive your certificate Yokomenuchi within approximately two months of the test. At that time your name will (Diagonal strike to the SIDE of either the head or neck) be updated on the rank board. If it has not been updated within two weeks, please contact the membership chairperson or speak with Sensei. 300+ practice days / 10+ service hours TEST Requirements Shodan NOTE: The following requirements are specific to Aikido of Austin 400+ practice days / 10+ service hours and may be greater that the minimum required by USAF. All categories are from the last test date. Shodan 600+ practice days / 10+ service hours 6th kyu 20+ practice days 5th kyu 60+ practice days Shodan 4th kyu 80+ practice days / 10+ service hours 700+ practice days / 10+ service hours 3rd kyu 100+ practice days / 10+ service hours 2nd kyu 200+ practice days / 10+ service hours / year Tsuki 1st kyu 300+ practice days / 10+ service hours / year (Strike to the abdomen) Shodan 400+ practice days / 10+ service hours / year Nidan 600+ practice days / 10+ service hours / year Sandan 600+ practice days / 10+ service hours / year Testing Etiquette: Prior to the mock test, you need to know how to bow, when, 36 21 NAGE's Movements (PINS) TEST Requirements & Etiquette

Recommended before applying to test: Ability to perform a mock test for at least one level ABOVE the rank for which the application is being made. It is also highly recommended that Basic 4 are in BOLD you review and study Tohei Shihan’s Video on basic techniques multiple times.

Required Seminar Attendance (after 5th kyu)/Membership books: PINS 4th kyu and 3rd kyu should attempt to attend 1 or 2 seminars/year, Ikkyo (Number ONE technique) although this is not an official requirement for testing. Nikyo (Number TWO technique) 1st and 2nd kyu: Students are required to attend 2 seminars/year Sankyo (Number THREE technique) before promotion. Students are encouraged to attend seminars outside of Yonkyo (Number FOUR technique) their own dojo and especially the major USAF seminars. Gokyo (Number FIVE technique) Dan ranks: Students are required to attend 2 major USAF seminars/year led by at least one member of the USAF technical committee. Membership books are to be signed at official USAF seminars only.

Technical Knowledge: You must be able to execute all techniques for the test level PRIOR to making application. You will need to perform a mock test for a student who holds rank at least two levels above the rank of the test for which application is being made.That student is usually your sponsor, and they are to recommend you to Sensei if they find you are ready for testing. It is your responsibility to practice for, and be prepared for the test. Seek help from a variety of senior students. Do not limit yourself to preparing only with your sponsor.

hours requirements: Although the USAF requires a minimum number of days/hours for each test, Sensei generally prefers considerably more hours and requires a certain number of service hours before testing. The following is a guideline of what Sensei is looking for in addition to your basic level of knowledge/skill.

Testing Etiquette: Prior to the test or mock test, you need to know how, when, to whom, and in what order you should bow during the test as well as how to accept the certificate if you pass the test. Sensei or your Sempai will review the order during mock testing. Whether or not you are testing, the proper etiquette is for all students attending the test to be on the mat during the test in support of the members testing. Before and After Testing: Testing is only one aspect of your training. When preparing for the test, and after the test, you are expected to regularly attend classes. If for any reason you are unable to do this, talk with Sensei in advance. It is considered poor ettiquette to drop off in your attendence after you have tested.

22 35 TEST Requirements & Etiquette PINS-Basics

This summary is designed to help you know what is expected of you on your tests. It is not a complete listing of everything you should know. Please work closely with your Sensei and your Sempai to be sure you are properly prepared.

When to test: Testing opportunities are infrequent. You may test at any scheduled testing event at Aikido of Austin or other USAF event that offers testing if you have met all of the requirements for testing and have followed the proper procedures.

Requesting to test: Although it is traditional in most dojo for the Sensei to tell a student to test rather than the student requesting to test, in Aikido of Austin, Birdsong Sensei is open to the student making the request and encourages that initiative. The proper etiquette is to ask Sensei for permission to test AFTER you are already prepared. It is appropriate to talk with Sensei about your goals for testing before you are ready, but at the time of requesting application, you need to already have the hours and knowledge required for the test. It is not Ikkyo appropriate to ask to test with the intention that you will have the hours and the knowledge by the time of the test. Having the full number of hours and time in the dojo is not a guarantee that Sensei will allow you to test. There are many factors in his decision including (but not limited to) your abilities, attitude, helpfulness in the dojo, attendance at the dojo and attendance at seminars.

sensei must approve ALL applications for testing. He will be looking for the following criteria among others: • Attitude in the dojo and sense of responsibility • Solid knowledge of the form of all techniques on the test. • Good posture Nikyo • Strong zanshin • Proper distance (maai) • Speed. While speed of execution is not a major issue on the 5th kyu test, it becomes more important with each successive test. On all tests, you should begin each technique promptly, and move through the test in an efficient manner. Speed is age-appropriate, and is never to be gained at the expense of proper form.

Test Fees: Test fees are due at the time you submit the application. Please place dues in the dues box & the application in the application folder.

Application Form: The form must be filled out completely and accurately approximately one month before the test. Please ask an experienced student to review your application before turning it in. The majority of applications received have errors on them which, if not corrected, could make you ineligible to test. 34 23 PINS UKEMI

(Under Construction: Photos will be available in future editions)

UKEMI

Some of the purposes of Ukemi are: 1) To learn how to fall safely 2) To learn how to blend 3) A gift to Nage to allow her/him to practice the techniques.

There are 3 basic categories: Mae Ukemei (forward rolls) Ushiro Ukemi (backward rolls) Response to pins.

Non-resistance is a key quality of proper ukemi. Uke should learn how to blend with nage, not how to stop nage’s movements. Resistance should only be used at the request of the instructor or your partner, and with mutual consent of both partners.

Every partner that you encounter has different physical strengths & weaknesses. Practice blending and moving in ways and at speeds that are appropriate for your partner.

Sankyo

24 33 PINS-continued...

Yonkyo

Ukemi

Gokyo

32 25 NAGE’s Movements (THROWS)

THROWS (basic 4 in BOLD)

Iriminage Entering. Nage’s arm tilts Uke’s head and unbalances them. Jujinage Uke’s arms are held in a crossed position as they are thrown forward. Koshinage (Hip Throw) Kaitenage Extending Uke's’ arm across their back, past their shoulder (Forward roll) Hanmi Handachi Kokyudosa (End of class) Kokyunage (Breath throw) & Suwari waza KoshiNage (Hip throw) Kotegaeshi (Twist wrist to outside) Shihonage (4 direction throw)

Hanmi Handachi: Suwari Waza: (Uke begins in a standing (both partners are on their knees position, nage begins in throughout the technique). seiza: on the knees)

Kokyudosa 26 31 Variations and Weapons Four Basic Throws

VARIATIONS Suwari Waza Both partners working on their knees Hanmi Handachi Uke is standing, Nage is on their knees Henkawaza Nage changes from one technique into another Kaeshiwaza Uke ends up becoming Nage by countering Ai hanmi Same stance& foot; (both Uke/Nage have same foot forward) Gyaku hanmi Opposite stance (mirror image: Uke/Nage have opposite feet forward)

Shihonage

WEAPONS (not shown) Bokken tori (Taking the sword from Uke) Bokken waza (Nage begins/ends with the sword) Jo tori (Taking the stick from Uke) Jo waza (Nage begins/ends with the stick) Tanto tori (Taking the knife from Uke)

Iriminage

30 27 Four Basic Throws more throws...

Kokyunage (“corner drop”)

Kotegaeshi Tenchinage (“Heaven and Earth” throw)

Kaitenage Jujinage

28 29