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Social and Cultural Functions of the Local Press in Preston, Lancashire, 1855-1900
Reading the local paper: Social and cultural functions of the local press in Preston, Lancashire, 1855-1900 by Andrew Hobbs A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment for the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Central Lancashire November 2010 ABSTRACT This thesis demonstrates that the most popular periodical genre of the second half of the nineteenth century was the provincial newspaper. Using evidence from news rooms, libraries, the trade press and oral history, it argues that the majority of readers (particularly working-class readers) preferred the local press, because of its faster delivery of news, and because of its local and localised content. Building on the work of Law and Potter, the thesis treats the provincial press as a national network and a national system, a structure which enabled it to offer a more effective news distribution service than metropolitan papers. Taking the town of Preston, Lancashire, as a case study, this thesis provides some background to the most popular local publications of the period, and uses the diaries of Preston journalist Anthony Hewitson as a case study of the career of a local reporter, editor and proprietor. Three examples of how the local press consciously promoted local identity are discussed: Hewitson’s remoulding of the Preston Chronicle, the same paper’s changing treatment of Lancashire dialect, and coverage of professional football. These case studies demonstrate some of the local press content that could not practically be provided by metropolitan publications. The ‘reading world’ of this provincial town is reconstructed, to reveal the historical circumstances in which newspapers and the local paper in particular were read. -
Perceptions of Different Accent
Masaryk University Faculty of Arts Department of English and American Studies English Language and Literature Hana Richterová Perceptions of Different Accents of English Bachelor ’s Diploma Thesis Supervisor: PhDr. Kate řina Tomková, Ph. D. 2013 I declare that I have worked on this thesis independently, using only the primary and secondary sources listed in the bibliography. …………………………………………….. Author’s signature I would like to thank all of my American respondents who took the time and effort to take part in my research, and all of those who helped me contact them via Facebook, especially Karolina Schmid. My greatest thanks go to Mrs. Kate řina Tomková for her continuous support, willingness and inspirational remarks, which were at the very root of this thesis outline. Table of Contents 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................... 1 2. Theory ........................................................................................................................... 5 2.1 The definition of accent .......................................................................................... 5 2.2 Development of accents of English......................................................................... 6 2.3 Differences between British and American accents ................................................ 8 2.3.1 The separation of the accents ........................................................................... 8 2.3.2 Pronunciation differences .............................................................................. -
Introduction to Roman Yorkshire
ROMAN YORKSHIRE: PEOPLE, CULTURE, LANDSCAPE By Patrick Ottaway. Published 2013 by The Blackthorn Press Chapter 1 Introduction to Roman Yorkshire ‘In the abundance and variety of its Roman antiquities, Yorkshire stands second to no other county’ Frank and Harriet Wragg Elgee (1933) The Yorkshire region A Roman army first entered what we now know as Yorkshire in about the year AD 48, according to the Roman author Cornelius Tacitus ( Annals XII, 32). This was some five years after the invasion of Britain itself ordered by the Emperor Claudius. The soldiers’ first task in the region was to assist in the suppression of a rebellion against a Roman ally, Queen Cartimandua of the Brigantes, a native people who occupied most of northern England. The Roman army returned to the north in about the years 51-2, once again to support Cartimandua who was, Tacitus tells us, now under attack by her former consort, a man named Venutius ( Annals XII, 40). In 69 a further dispute between Cartimandua and Venutius, for which Tacitus is again the (only) source, may have provided a pretext for the Roman army to begin the conquest of the whole of northern Britain ( Histories III, 45). England south of Hadrian’s Wall, including Yorkshire, was to remain part of the Roman Empire for about 340 years. The region which is the principal subject of this book is Yorkshire as it was defined before local government reorganisation in 1974. There was no political entity corresponding to the county in Roman times. It was, according to the second century Greek geographer Ptolemy, split between the Brigantes and the Parisi, a people who lived in what is now (after a brief period as Humberside) the East Riding. -
2018 Party Registration Decisions-English Version
2018 Party registration decisions Decisions by the Commission to approve or reject applied for party names, descriptions and emblems in date order You can find the current registration details of the applicants by clicking on their name An overview of the rules on registering a political party names, descriptions and emblems can be found here Type of Application Identity Date of The identity mark applied applies to Registration Further information/ Reason for Applicant name Mark decision for which part decision rejection applied of the UK? for 10.12.18 Both Unions Party Name Both Unions Party All of Great Approve Britain 10.12.18 Both Unions Party Description Scotland for Both Unions: All of Great Approve UK Europe Britain 10.12.18 Both Unions Party Description Together we are all All of Great Reject Does not meet the requirements of strongest Britain a description 10.12.18 Both Unions Party Emblem All of Great Reject Confusingly similar to another Britain already registered party 10.12.18 Both Unions Party Name Both Unions Party of Northern Approve Northern Ireland Ireland 10.12.18 Ein Gwlad Name Ein Gwlad Wales Reject Application incomplete 10.12.18 Future Shepton Description Future Shepton – Working England Approve together for Shepton 10.12.18 Future Shepton Description A fresh approach with Future England Approve Shepton 1 Decisions on party registration applications made in 2018 Type of Application Identity Date of The identity mark applied applies to Registration Further information/ Reason for Applicant name Mark decision for which -
Abstracts$Booklet$
The$Seventh$Northern$ Englishes$Workshop$ The$seventh$in$a$series$of$ biennial$workshops$on$the$ dialects$of$Northern$England$ ABSTRACTS$BOOKLET$ $ [in$order$of$presentation]$ $ 14th$−$15th$April$2016$ $ University$of$Edinburgh$ Unstressed vowel backing in Manchester English Maciej Baranowski (University of Manchester), Danielle Turton (Newcastle University) This study is the first systematic exploration of the sociolinguistics of the lowering and backing of the HAPPY (the final vowel in city, chilly, etc.) and LETTER (the final vowel in Manchester, father, etc.) vowels in Manchester English, which form part of the stereotype of the city’s accent. It is based on a sample of 123 speakers stratified by age, gender, socio-economic status, and ethnicity, recorded in sociolinguistic interviews, supplemented with formal elicitations. Formant measurements of the informants’ complete vowel systems are obtained in Praat (Boersma & Weenink 2015) – by hand for 25 speakers and in FAVE (Rosenfelder et al. 2014) for 98 speakers (12,653 tokens of HAPPY and 7,537 tokens of LETTER) – and are analysed in a series of mixed- effects linear regressions, with social (age, gender, ethnicity, social class, style) and internal factors (preceding and following sound) entered as independent variables, and speaker and word as random effects. The retraction of both vowels shows a pattern of monotonic social stratification, with lower classes showing more backing and lowering; interestingly, women show more backing of HAPPY than men. Ethnicity is also significant, with Pakistani speakers not participating in the retraction. While HAPPY lowering and backing is a stable variable, influenced by the quality of the preceding and following sounds (Turton & Ramsammy 2012), the backing of LETTER turns out to be a change in progress, led by younger speakers. -
LANGUAGE VARIETY in ENGLAND 1 ♦ Language Variety in England
LANGUAGE VARIETY IN ENGLAND 1 ♦ Language Variety in England One thing that is important to very many English people is where they are from. For many of us, whatever happens to us in later life, and however much we move house or travel, the place where we grew up and spent our childhood and adolescence retains a special significance. Of course, this is not true of all of us. More often than in previous generations, families may move around the country, and there are increasing numbers of people who have had a nomadic childhood and are not really ‘from’ anywhere. But for a majority of English people, pride and interest in the area where they grew up is still a reality. The country is full of football supporters whose main concern is for the club of their childhood, even though they may now live hundreds of miles away. Local newspapers criss-cross the country in their thousands on their way to ‘exiles’ who have left their local areas. And at Christmas time the roads and railways are full of people returning to their native heath for the holiday period. Where we are from is thus an important part of our personal identity, and for many of us an important component of this local identity is the way we speak – our accent and dialect. Nearly all of us have regional features in the way we speak English, and are happy that this should be so, although of course there are upper-class people who have regionless accents, as well as people who for some reason wish to conceal their regional origins. -
Accents, Dialects and Languages of the Bristol Region
Accents, dialects and languages of the Bristol region A bibliography compiled by Richard Coates, with the collaboration of the late Jeffrey Spittal (in progress) First draft released 27 January 2010 State of 5 January 2015 Introductory note With the exception of standard national resources, this bibliography includes only separate studies, or more inclusive works with a distinct section, devoted to the West of England, defined as the ancient counties of Bristol, Gloucestershire, Somerset and Wiltshire. Note that works on place-names are not treated in this bibliography unless they are of special dialectological interest. For a bibliography of place-name studies, see Jeffrey Spittal and John Field, eds (1990) A reader’s guide to the place-names of the United Kingdom. Stamford: Paul Watkins, and annual bibliographies printed in the Journal of the English Place-Name Society and Nomina. Web-links mentioned were last tested in summer 2011. Thanks for information and clarification go to Madge Dresser, Brian Iles, Peter McClure, Frank Palmer, Harry Parkin, Tim Shortis, Jeanine Treffers-Daller, Peter Trudgill, and especially Katharina Oberhofer. Richard Coates University of the West of England, Bristol Academic and serious popular work General English material, and Western material not specific to a particular county Anderson, Peter M. (1987) A structural atlas of the English dialects. London: Croom Helm. Beal, Joan C. (2006) Language and region. London: Routledge (Intertext). ISBN-10: 0415366011, ISBN-13: 978-0415366014. 1 Britten, James, and Robert Holland (1886) A dictionary of English plant-names (3 vols). London: Trübner (for the English Dialect Society). Britton, Derek (1994) The etymology of modern dialect ’en, ‘him’. -
By-Election Results: Revised November 2003 1987-92
Factsheet M12 House of Commons Information Office Members Series By-election results: Revised November 2003 1987-92 Contents There were 24 by-elections in the 1987 Summary 2 Parliament. Of these by-elections, eight resulted Notes 3 Tables 3 in a change in winning party compared with the Constituency results 9 1987 General Election. The Conservatives lost Contact information 20 seven seats of which four went to the Liberal Feedback form 21 Democrats and three to Labour. Twenty of the by- elections were caused by the death of the sitting Member of Parliament, while three were due to resignations. This Factsheet is available on the internet through: http://www.parliament.uk/factsheets November 2003 FS No.M12 Ed 3.1 ISSN 0144-4689 © Parliamentary Copyright (House of Commons) 2003 May be reproduced for purposes of private study or research without permission. Reproduction for sale or other commercial purposes not permitted. 2 By-election results: 1987-92 House of Commons Information Office Factsheet M12 Summary There were 24 by-elections in the 1987 Parliament. This introduction gives some of the key facts about the results. The tables on pages 4 to 9 summarise the results and pages 10 to 17 give results for each constituency. Eight seats changed hands in the 1987 Parliament at by-elections. The Conservatives lost four seats to Labour and three to the Liberal Democrats. Labour lost Glasgow, Govan to the SNP. The merger of the Liberal Party and Social Democratic Party took place in March 1988 with the party named the Social and Liberal Democrats. This was changed to Liberal Democrats in 1989. -
This Northern England City Called York Or Jorvik, During the Viking Age, Is Quite Medieval in Terms of Cultural History
History of York, England This northern England city called York or Jorvik, during the Viking age, is quite medieval in terms of cultural history. York is a tourist‐oriented city with its Roman and Viking heritage, 13th century walls, Gothic cathedrals, railroad station, museum‐gardens an unusual dinner served in a pub, and shopping areas in the Fossgate, Coppergate and Piccadilly area of the city. Brief History of York According to <historyofyork.org> (an extensive historical source), York's history began with the Romans founding the city in 71AD with the Ninth Legion comprising 5,000 men who marched into the area and set up camp. York, then was called, "Eboracum." After the Romans abandoned Britain in 400AD, York became known as "Sub Roman" between the period of 400 to 600AD. Described as an "elusive epoch," this was due to little known facts about that period. It was also a time when Germanic peoples, Anglo‐Saxons, were settling the area. Some archaeologists believe it had to do with devasting floods or unsettled habitation, due to a loss of being a trading center then. The rivers Ouse and Foss flow through York. <historyofyork.org> Christianity was re‐established during the Anglo‐Saxon period and the settlement of York was called "Eofonwic." It is believed that it was a commercial center tied to Lundenwic (London) and Gipeswic (Ipswich). Manufacturing associated with iron, lead, copper, wool, leather and bone were found. Roman roads made travel to and from York easier. <historyofyork.org> In 866AD, the Vikings attacked. Not all parts of England were captured, but York was. -
Yorkshire Features to find out More About Yorkshire Breed Registration and Show Eligibility, Visit Nationalswine.Com
Proven. Progressive. Purebreds. 2639 YEAGER ROAD :: WEST LAFAYETTE, IN 47906 • 765.463.3594 • NATIONALSWINE.COM Ideal yorkshire Features To find out more about Yorkshire breed registration and show eligibility, visit nationalswine.com. 1 6 9 2 3 8 1. Upright ears 5 2. Long, clean face 3. Long, clean neck 4. Big, even toes 5. Wide based from 7 front to rear 10 6. Long, lean, well-shaped top 7. Seven functional teats on each side that are well spaced and prominent 4 8. Long side with good rib shape 9. Good hip structure with long, developed muscle 10. Hind legs that set down square with a flexible hock Yorkshire AMERICA’S MATERNAL BREED Yorkshire boars and gilts are utilized as Grandparents (GP) in the production of F1 parent stock females that are utilized in a ter- minal crossbreeding program. They are called “The Mother Breed” and excel in litter size, birth and weaning weight, rebreeding interval, durability and longevity. They produce F1 females that exhibit 100% maternal heterosis when mated to a Landrace. Yorkshire breeders have led the industry in utilization History of the Yorkshire Breed of the "STAGES™" genetic evaluation program. From Yorkshires are white in color and have erect ears. They are 1990-2006, Yorkshire breeders submitted over 440,000 the most recorded breed of swine in the United States growth and backfat records and over 320,000 sow and in Canada. They are found in almost every state, productivity records. This represents the largest source with the highest populations being in Illinois, Indiana, of documented performance records in the world. -
Ripon City Plan Submission Draft
Submission Draft Plan Supporting Document D Supporting the Ripon Economy Ripon City Plan Submission Draft Supporting Document: Supporting the Ripon Economy March 2018 Submission Draft Plan Supporting Document D Supporting the Ripon Economy Contents 1 Introduction........................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Background ........................................................................................................................ 1 2 National Planning Context .................................................................................................. 2 2.1 National Planning Policy Framework................................................................................. 2 2.2 Planning Practice Guidance ............................................................................................... 4 3 Local Planning Authority Context ........................................................................................ 9 3.1 Harrogate District Local Plan – February 2001 (Augmented Composite) ......................... 9 3.2 Harrogate District Local Development Framework – Core Strategy ............................... 16 3.3 Harrogate District Local Plan: Draft Development Management Policies ...................... 21 3.4 Harrogate District Draft Local Plan .................................................................................. 23 4 Ripon City Plan Vision and Objectives ............................................................................... -
The Industrial Archaeology of West Yorkshire
The Industrial Archaeology of West Yorkshire Introduction: The impact of the Industrial Revolution came comparatively late to the West Yorkshire region. The seminal breakthroughs in technology that were made in a variety of industries (e.g. coal mining, textile, pottery, brick, and steam engine manufacture) during the 17th and 18th centuries, and the major production centres that initially grew up on the back of these innovations, were largely located elsewhere in the country. What distinguishes Yorkshire is the rate and density at which industry developed in the region from the end of the 18th century. This has been attributed to a wide variety of factors, including good natural resources and the character of the inhabitants! The portion of the West Riding north and west of Wakefield had become one of most heavily industrialised areas in the Britain by the end of the 19th century. It was also one of the most varied - there were some regional specialities, but at one time or another Yorkshire manufacturers supplied everything from artificial manure to motorcars. A list of local products for the 1890s would run into hundreds of items. Textile Manufacturing: The most prominent industry in the region has always been textile manufacture. There was a long tradition in the upland areas of the county of cloth production as a home-based industry, which supplemented farming. The scale of domestic production could hardly be considered negligible - the industry in Calderdale was after all so large that in 1779 it produced the Piece Hall in Halifax as an exchange centre and market. However, the beginnings of the factory system, and the birth of modern textile mills, dates to the introduction of mass-production techniques for carding and spinning cotton.