October 15-17, 2020 KGB Soviet Military Deployments in Cuba and American Responses KGB Author: Iñigo Janet

Table of Contents Committee Background……………………………………………………………...………….2 Topic Background…………………………………………………………...…...……………...2 General History…….……………………………………………………………...……………..3 Committee Focus……………………………………………………………...………………...4 Individual Perspectives..……………………………………………………...………………...4 Participation List………………………………………………………………………………….7 Key Terms……....……………………………………………………………...………………...8 References……………………………………………………………...………………………..9

1 KGB Author: Iñigo Janet

Committee Background The Komitet Gosudarstvennoy Bezopasnosti (Комите́т госуда́рственной безопа́сности), a.k.a. KGB, is the Committee for State Security of the Soviet Union. It acts as a government intelligence agency, as well as the most influential service branch of the Communist Party, entrusted to the role of ensuring security for the nation by managing national as well as foreign affairs. Founded in 1954 from its predecessor, the NKGB, or People’s Commissariat for State Security, this branch of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union is closely monitored by senior party officials, with approximately 20 directorates which deal with matters of national interest such as protection of political leadership, foreign intelligence, national border security, technical intelligence, dissident suspects surveillance, as well as domestic counterintelligence.

Topic Background In the midst of a supremacy struggle between the Soviet Union and the United States of America, the matter of the communist ally the Soviets have in Cuba has risen at this point in time, in the year 1962. While Cuba’s political powers, and its military capabilities, are supportive of the communist cause, the strategic geographical position it occupies relative to the United States is equally as useful. For said reason, the Soviet Union has equipped the Cubans with nuclear armament in the form of medium-range ballistic missiles (MRBM), as well as intermediate-range ballistic missiles (IRBM), and in return the United States has responded with diplomatic addresses to the situation, as expected, while threatening to take military action should it become necessary from our reluctance to stand down. It has also been reported by party officials that, in return to the action the Soviet Union has imparted upon the United States, the latter has also strategically positioned medium-range and intermediate-range ballistic nuclear missiles in the Republic of Turkey, which, for the sake of clearance, is dangerously close to the Soviet Union.

2 KGB Author: Iñigo Janet

This entire entanglement of events has come to be known as the Cuban Missile Crisis, and it is the responsibility of the delegations present in this committee to enact upon these hostilities imparted by the United States of America for the benefit of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

General History Upon the end of the Second World War, in 1945, the Potsdam Conference was organized in order to coordinate and negotiate the Allied joint occupation of Germany. In this event, the tensions between the Soviet Union and the rest of the Allied nations were apparent, which was the crux of the conflict between these nations which would later ensue at the moment of construction of the Berlin Wall. Afterwards, in 1947 the Truman Doctrine was signed in order to aid capitalist governments threatened by communist subversion; this triggered a subsequent series of events which would later comprise the beginning of the Cold War. The Warsaw Pact was signed in 1955 in order to unify Eastern European nations, which by then were satellites or extensions of the Soviet Union, in a mutual defense organization which would place the armed forces of the member states in the hands of the Soviet Union.

Additionally, the newborn nuclear industry became of major interest for both the United States of America and the Soviet Union, which began a competition between these nations to obtain the highest level of technology and engineering in nuclear equipment, military armament, and spatial exploration. As tensions continued to rise within time since the Potsdam Conference, new sides to this conflict arose such as the aforementioned Cuban Missile Crisis.

3 KGB Author: Iñigo Janet

Committee Focus The purpose for which this committee of delegations has been called upon is in order to discuss and convey the variety of options for plans of action which will be presented to the state as the situation in Cuba progresses. It is imperative that every delegate in this committee fulfills the duty pertinent to their title for the benefit of the conflict’s development in favor of the Soviet Union. It is also of utmost need that the advantage the state once possessed over the United States of America in superior nuclear armament be once again reestablished in order to nullify the Americans’ leverage over that of the Soviet Union. The importance this matter has regarding national interest will not cease to escalate, provided that the United States of America has an involvement in this matter equally as significant as that of the Communist Party. Consequently, there will be various situations the representatives and party officials present in this committee will be required to respond to on the spot, in as effective and advantageous a method as possible, as the United States takes counteraction to the decisions and plans of action settled upon by the members of this committee.

Individual Perspectives Diplomatic Sector Group of delegations favoring a diplomatic approach to the actions taken about by the USSR in response to military deployments in Cuba. This diplomatic approach includes political negotiations with the president of the United States of America in order to bring a situation out of the current circumstances in favor of the Communist Party. For diplomatic treatment and negotiations, delegates from this sector are to be consulted. Members include:

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Secretary General of the USSR Chairman of the KGB Deputy Chairman of the KGB Head of Public Relations Department Head of Finance Department Head of Military Health Department

Military Sector

Selection of delegates associated with the military body of the Soviet Union which leads to a militant perspective making this group naturally prone to producing responses based on military tactics and strategy as a result of their extensive knowledgeability in warfare. For tactical and military consultation, this sector of delegations is to be recurred to. Members include: Marshal of the Soviet Union Army General of the Soviet Union Chief Marshal of Aviation of the Soviet Union Navy Admiral of the Soviet Union KGB Spetsnaz

Intelligence Sector

Entirety of the delegates designated as chiefs of a KGB directorate which favor a subtle approach to decision-making in the matters discussed within the committee, namely the recollection of information via infiltration, spyware, and espionage. In the case of matters pertaining the acquisition of intelligence and clandestine modus operandi, this sector is optimal for reference. Members include:

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Chief of Foreign Operations Chief of Counterintelligence Chief of Armed Forces Chief of Transportation Security Chief of Dissention Security Chief of Economic and Industrial Security Chief of Surveillance Chief of Communications Chief of Cryptologic Equipment Chief of Protective Service Chief of Government Installations Chief of Signal Intelligence Chief of USSR Border Guard Chief of Technological Operations

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Participation List 1. Secretary General of the USSR (Nikita Khrushchev) 2. Chairman of the KGB (Vladimir Semichastny) 3. Deputy Chairman of the KGB 4. Marshal of the Soviet Union 5. Army General of the Soviet Union 6. Chief Marshal of Aviation of the Soviet Union 7. Navy Admiral of the Soviet Union 8. KGB Spetsnaz 9. Head of Public Relations Department 10. Head of Finance Department 11. Head of Military Health Department 12. Chief of Foreign Operations 13. Chief of Counterintelligence 14. Chief of Armed Forces 15. Chief of Transportation Security 16. Chief of Dissention Security 17. Chief of Economic and Industrial Security 18. Chief of Surveillance 19. Chief of Communications 20. Chief of Cryptologic Equipment 21. Chief of Protective Service 22. Chief of Government Installations 23. Chief of Signal Intelligence 24. Chief of USSR Border Guard 25. Chief of Technological Operations

*The delegations listed above which correspond to chiefs of a department are the assigned representatives of a KGB directorate designated to the topic specified for every delegate’s title.

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Key Terms Medium-range ballistic missile (MRBM)- nuclear ballistic missile with a maximum range of between 1,000 and 3,000 kilometers.

Intermediate-range ballistic missile (IRBM)- nuclear ballistic missile with a maximum range of between 3,000 and 5,500 kilometers.

Intelligence- collection of information which provides an analysis of approach for a given operation to central command.

Surveillance- the monitoring and assessing of behavioral and conduct patterns in an activity being approached for the purpose of gathering intelligence.

Capitalism- an economic system which is driven by the right for private ownership in order to have a means of production for the acquisition of profit.

Communism- political ideology supportive of the socioeconomic structure built upon the idea of common ownership and the absence of social classes.

Potsdam Conference- organization in which the joint occupation of Germany by Allied states was negotiated.

Warsaw Pact- treaty signed to unify Eastern European nations with the USSR in a mutual defense organization.

Cuban Missile Crisis- diplomatic and military confrontation between the United States of America and the USSR commenced by the deployment of Soviet nuclear ballistic missiles in Cuba, and responded to by the placement of American nuclear ballistic missiles in Turkey.

Cold War- period of political tension, which was on the verge of nuclear armed conflict, taken about between the United States of America and the Soviet Union between 1947 and 1991.

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References JFK Presidential Library & Museum. “The Cold War.” n.d. https://www.jfklibrary.org/learn/about-jfk/jfk-in-history/the-cold-war.

Pike, John. “KGB Functions and Internal Organization.” November 26, 1997. https://fas.org/irp/world/russia/kgb/su0515.htm.

Pike, John. “Soviet Insignia of Rank.” January 23, 2017. https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/russia/army-rank-1935.htm.

Pringle, Robert W. “KGB,” January 30, 2020. https://www.britannica.com/topic/KGB.

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