Opening a Dialogical Space Between Buddhism and Economics: the Relationship Between Insight and Action
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
OPENING A DIALOGICAL SPACE BETWEEN BUDDHISM AND ECONOMICS: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INSIGHT AND ACTION Submitted by David C. Bubna-Litic A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctorate of Philosophy 2007 University of Western Sydney Australia DEDICATION This journey would not have begun without my formative year in India, where generous people inspired my passion for meditation and inquiry into other ways of being. In particular, I would like to acknowledge Nisagardatta Maharaj, Swami Janananda of Nityananda Ashram, Kanhangad, Swami Ramdas and Mataji Krishnabhai of Ananda Ashram, Kanhangad, who first embodied for me the fruits of insight. I would also like to thank Robert Aitken for introducing me to Zen, John Tarrant, whose passion and love of Zen and poetry opened me to another world, Ross Bolleter for his guidance and holding steady when it was important, and the many other teachers who have helped to open my senses to more fully inhabit this world. I also cannot ignore the huge influence and mentoring given to me by the late Professor William P. Birkett, whose breadth and depth of knowledge and confidence in me gave me the guts to take a road less travelled. I wish to thank my parents and family, who have been a never-ending source of love and generosity. I am thus incredibly grateful to my dear sons Matthew, Anton and Akira, who have waited patiently on shore for my return, and especially to soul mate Subhana, who has taught me what it means to truly appreciate another person. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This thesis has been a voyage across several disciplines and into relatively uncharted waters. The long journey could not have been possible without a hardened and sturdy crew. My supervisor, John Cameron, played a pivotal role and has been with me from the beginning. It has been a great pleasure working with John on this thesis. He has given himself tirelessly through illness and personal difficulty, he has maintained confidence in me when my own had waned, and his ability to remain positive, providing thoughtful feedback, continuing to encourage me through my travails and keeping me engaged in my thinking with humility, openness and compassion will always be a source of inspiration. My co-supervisor, Brenda Dobia, provided useful comments, thoughts and encouragement when John was on leave. I would also like to acknowledge Winton Higgins, who read the thesis and added his valuable comments, pointing out where my tendency to wordiness and to mangle the English language required attention. I am also greatly indebted to Professor Anita Leal-Idrogo, of San Francisco State University, for her comments, guidance and help with the transcription. I would also like to thank Susan Murphy, whose sharp intelligence and elegant words helped form some of these ideas. I also feel a debt to the intellectual temerity that characterised the School of Social Ecology at the University of Western Sydney, particularly the leadership of Professor Stuart Hill, without which I would never have been brave enough to tackle such a topic. I am also grateful to Professor Paul Bate, Professor Stewart Clegg, Tom Cole, Gillian Coote, Distinguished Professor Dexter Dunphy, Maggie Glueck, Jill Jameson, Joanna Macy, Terrence McBride and Liz Turnbull, who have helped me in ways of which they might not have been aware. STATEMENT OF AUTHENTICATION I hereby declare that I have not submitted this material, either in full or in part, for a degree at this or any other institution. I also certify that the thesis has been written by me and that any help that I have received in preparing this thesis, and all sources used, have been acknowledged in this thesis. Signature of Candidate ……………………… TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES .............................................................................................................i LIST OF FIGURES AND ILLUSTRATIONS.................................................................ii ABSTRACT.....................................................................................................................iii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION .....................................................................................1 1.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................1 1.2 Personal context ................................................................................................4 1.3 Outline of thesis ................................................................................................8 1.4 An interdisciplinary approach.........................................................................11 1.5 Significance of the research ............................................................................12 CHAPTER 2: ENCOUNTERING BUDDHISM............................................................16 2.1 The value of a dialogical encounter ................................................................16 2.2 Orient-ations to Buddhism ..............................................................................20 2.3 Entering a dialogical space..............................................................................24 2.4 Basic Buddhist conceptions ............................................................................28 2.5 Western perspectives on the dharma...............................................................48 CHAPTER 3: ENCOUNTERING BUDDHISM IN A POSTMODERN CONTEXT..........................................................................................49 3.1 Introduction.....................................................................................................49 3.2 Buddhism and romantic tensions in modernity...............................................64 3.3 Buddhism as a postmodern sensibility............................................................70 3.4 Liberating experiences: ‘real’-ising not-self ...................................................72 3.5 The changing view of self in cognitive science ..............................................85 3.6 The dialogical space........................................................................................87 CHAPTER 4: ENCOUNTERING ECONOMICS .........................................................96 4.1 Introduction.....................................................................................................96 4.2 Engaging with mainstream economics............................................................97 4.3 Fault lines in the culture of modernity ..........................................................115 4.4 Buddhist economics ......................................................................................126 4.5 Mapping the dialogical space........................................................................153 CHAPTER 5: METHODOLOGY ................................................................................158 5.1 Introduction...................................................................................................158 5.2 The research approach...................................................................................160 5.3 The research design.......................................................................................164 CHAPTER 6: THE EXPERIENCE OF INSIGHT .......................................................175 6.1 Writing the interviews...................................................................................175 6.2 A new sense of self .......................................................................................179 6.3 Spontaneous experiences and insight............................................................185 6.4 The processes of ordinary everyday mind ....................................................186 6.5 The process of gaining insight: sudden or gradual........................................192 6.6 Validation and confirmation of insight experiences .....................................196 CHAPTER 7: THE TRANSFORMATIVE EFFECTS OF INSIGHT .........................205 7.1 Introduction...................................................................................................205 7.2 General changes resulting from insight.........................................................205 7.3 Effect on relationships with others................................................................210 7.4 Relationship towards nature..........................................................................215 7.5 Self-image or sense of self ............................................................................220 7.6 Rebirth and past lives....................................................................................223 7.7 Insight and the unconscious ..........................................................................228 CHAPTER 8: INSIGHT EXPERIENCE AND ACTION IN THE WORLD...............234 8.1 Introduction...................................................................................................234 8.2 How experience of insight affects action in the world..................................235 8.3 The actualisation of insight ...........................................................................249 CHAPTER 9: INTERPRETATION AND DISCUSSION ...........................................268 9.1 Introduction...................................................................................................268 9.2 Contemporary Buddhist insight ....................................................................272