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Home , Beary, Cheraman Juma Mosque, Ghatam, Ilkal, Kasuti, Kerala mural painting

South Indian Cultures, Traditions, and People

Divyapriya Govindaraj Ph.D. Fulbright-Nehru Postdoctoral Fellow

[email protected] A vEry veRy very bRoad joUrney tHROuGh ThE divErsE cUltRes oF SoUth

10/03/2021 2 What is culture ? • “Set of distinctive spiritual, material, intellectual, and emotional features of society or a social group, and that it encompasses, in addition to art and literature, lifestyles, ways of living together, value systems, traditions and beliefs.“ By UNESCO • Way of living • Culture is dynamic not static • No culture is inferior or superior. Period ! 10/03/2021 3 India: Land of Diversity • Unity in diversity is the principle of our nationality • 22 official languages • 7 major religion (, , , , , , Parsi) • Birth of Jainism, Buddhidm, • Geographical diversity • Complex History • 1.3 Billion population • Sovereign socialist secular and democratic republic 10/03/2021 4 Complex

Medieval India ( 6th Modern India (16th Post Independence Ancient India (2500 BCE- CE 750) to 16th century ) century- 1947) (1947- till date)

• Indus valley Civilization (2500 BCE) • Sultanate • Small States • Sovereign socialist • Vedic Age (1500 BCE- 600 BCE) • Mughal • Arrival of secular and • Age of (BCE 600 to BCE • Marathas European democratic 300) • Vijayanagar companies republic • Mauryan Empire Empire (Portuguese, • Post Mauryan period ( 200 BCE to 300 • British, Dutch, CE) • Imperial Chola French etc. ) • (320 CE to CE 550) • Chalukya • British rule • Post Gupta ( up to CE 750) • Rashtrakuta • Freedom struggle • (Sangam Age- Chola, Chera and )

10/03/2021 5 Diversity in Geography

10/03/2021 6 South India

• Broadly considered as Dravidian culture • Politically divided in to four states based on language • Entirely in the peninsular part of India • Entirely different cultures

Tamil Karnat Andhra Total Nadu aka Pradesh (South USA (KL) (TL) (TN) (KA) (AP) India)

Population 72 33 61 49 35 247 311 (million)

Area (million 0.13 0.038 0.19 0.16 0.11 0.628 9.8 Km2)

10/03/2021 7 Arts & Culture

Visual art Miscellaneous (Architecture, (, dance, cinema, (Festivals, crafts, painting etc.) martial art, animal language, cuisine, sports etc. ) marriage ceremony etc. )

10/03/2021 8 VISUAL ARTS Architecture Religious buildings

Pancharthas at Mahabalipuram (TN) Kailasanath Temple (TN)

10/03/2021 at Mahabalipuram (TN) 9 Sabarimala Temple (KL)

10/03/2021Padmanabhaswami Temple (KL) Sree Virupaksha Temple (KA) 10 Vijayalaya Temple (TN) Brihadeswara Temple (TN)

10/03/2021 11 Keshava Temple, Somnathpur (KA)- Hoysala Temple Cave Temple (KA)- Chalukya Style

Mallikarjuna10/03/2021 and Kashivishwanatha Temples (KA) Tirupathi Temple (AP) 12 Basilica (TN) Santa Cruz Cathedral Basilica (KL) Church (TN) • Believed to house the remains of • Originally built by Portuguese • One of the most visited St Thomas (one of the twelve churches in India apostles of Jesus) 10/03/2021 13 Medak Cathedral (TL) Cheraman Juma • One of the biggest in • Believed to be the oldest (629 AD) mosque in

Thazhathangady Juma Masjid (KL) 10/03/2021 14 • About 1000 years old, Kerala architecture Chendamangalam Synagouge (KL) Mekkah Masjid, (1591) • made of the soil brought from • Official emblem of Telangana • Listed as an archaeological and architectural treasure by Archaeological 10/03/2021 15 Traditional residential buildings

Potter’s House Merchant House

10/03/2021 16 House Agricultural House

Chikmagalur House Ilkal weaver's house

10/03/2021Coastal Andhra house Ikat House 17 Kerala

Christian House Hindu House North kerala Modern house

10/03/2021 18 Painting and

Kolam Mural painting Paintings

10/03/2021 19 Adiyogi Statue (TN)

10/03/2021Gomateswara Statue (KA) 20 statue (KL) PERFORMING ARTS Dance • Classical- 4/8 Classical dances in India are from south India

Bharatanatyam (TN) Kuchuppudi (AP & TL) (KL)

10/03/2021 Kadhakali (KL) 21 Other dances

Margam

Oppana Kali

Dollu Kunitha

10/03/2021 22 Traditional Theaters

Krishnattam (KL) (KA) Therukoothu (TN) 10/03/2021 23 (KL)

Mudiyettu 10/03/2021 Kurathiyattom (TN) 24

Shadow Puppetry

String Puppetry Glove Puppetry

10/03/2021 25 Animal Sports

Jallikkettu (TN) Buffalo race- Kambala (KA)

Cock fight10/03/2021-Kozhipporu (TN) race (KL) 26 Martial Arts

Kalaripayattu (KL) (TN)

10/03/2021 27 Cinema

Tamil- Kollywood

Telugu- Tollywood Malyalam- Mollywood 10/03/2021Kannada- 28 Music • Carnatic and Hindustani music • Carnatic is confined to South India Musicians consisting of • a principal performer (usually a vocalist) • a melodic accompaniment (usually a ), • a rhythm accompaniment (usually a ), • a tambura, which acts as a drone throughout the performance • Other typical instruments - , , , , , and chitraveena

10/03/2021 29 Tanjavur-style Tambura Volin Mridangam MISCELLANEOUS Languages • Most explicit cultural component • Major languages • Tamil- Tamil Nadu Telugu • - Kerala • - Karnataka Kannada Telugu • Telugu- Andhra Pradesh and Telangana • Major • Entirely different • Classical language status Malayalam Tamil • recorded history of 1500-2000 years • literary tradition should be original and not borrowed • Tamil-first classical language of India • Many regional languages also

10/03/2021• Konkani, Tulu, etc. 30 10/03/2021 31 Cuisines • Famous for masala/ • South Indian spices are world famous since

Sadya (KL)

Dosa and Idly (TN) and Vada (TN)

Toddy (KL & TN)

10/03/2021 Hyderabad Biriyani (AP & TL) 32 Bamboo Chicken (AP & TL) Filter Tender Haleem (AP & TL)

Payasam Buttermilk 10/03/2021 33 Festivals

• Generally connected with ancient stories or harvest • Many major and regional festivals • and Ramzan also

Vishu (KL)

Pongal (TN)

Onam (KL) 10/03/2021 34 Dussehera Hand crafts

Ilkal Saree (KA) Pochampalli Saree (AP & TL) Konard Saree (TN) Saree (Ap & TL) 10/03/2021 35 Kondapalli Toys (AP)

Kasavu Saree and (KL) Pattu () saree 10/03/2021 Bagh (KA) 36 Marriages

Muslim marriage Hindu marriage Christian marriage

10/03/2021 37 Metro Cities

Chennai (TN) • 13 million population Bengaluru (KA) • 8462 Km2 • 10 million • 8005 Km2 10/03/2021 38 Hyderabad (TL) • 9.7 million • 7257 Km2 Vishakhapattanam (AP) • 5 million • 10/03/2021 4873 Km2 39 Tourist destinations Karnataka

Coorg Mysuru • in Western • Historical place • Historical place • plantation, weather, • Temples, monuments, hills • Palaces, monuments, Dasara, zoo, waterfalls, etc. temples

10/03/2021 40 Kerala

Waynad Alleppy • Hill station in Western • Hill station in • Backwater tourism • Wildlife, trekking, nature, and • Tea plantations. Arch , spices, • House boats, boat races, fish lakes wildlife, weather etc. food

10/03/2021 41 Tamil Nadu

Ooty () • • Hill station in Western Ghat French culture • Southern most tip of Indian • • Weather, nature Beach, architecture, mainland • Nilgiri Train is UNESCO world experimental township • Sunrise and sunset, Arabian heritage list ocean and , churches and temples 10/03/2021 42 Andhra Pradesh

Vijayawada

Gandikota • Grand of India • Fort, canyon

10/03/2021 43 Telengana

Ramoji Film City

10/03/2021 44 Geographical Indications

Tamil Nadu

Kovai Cora

Tanjavur Paintings

Dindugal Lock

Kancheepuram Silk Srivilliputtur Palkova 10/03/2021 45 Virupakshi Hill Malai Poondu Panchamritham

10/03/2021 Toda 46 Karnataka

Coorg green cardamom Pak

Gulbarga Tur

10/03/2021Dharwad peda 47 Kasuti Embroidery Kerala

Aleppy coir Brass broidered coconut shell craft Chengalikkodan banana

10/03/2021Vazhakkulam pineapple Pokkali 48 Andhra Pradesh

Guntur Chilli

Kalamkari art

Mangalagiri Saree

10/03/2021Tirupathi Laddu 49 Telangana

Silver Filigree of Karimnagar

Cheriyal Painting

Gadwal Sarees Nirmal Furniture 10/03/2021 50 Thank you !

10/03/2021 51