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South Indian Cultures, Traditions, and People

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South Indian Cultures, Traditions, and People South Indian Cultures, Traditions, and People Divyapriya Govindaraj Ph.D. Fulbright-Nehru Postdoctoral Fellow [email protected] A vEry veRy very bRoad joUrney tHROuGh ThE divErsE cUltRes oF SoUth INdiA 10/03/2021 2 What is culture ? • “Set of distinctive spiritual, material, intellectual, and emotional features of society or a social group, and that it encompasses, in addition to art and literature, lifestyles, ways of living together, value systems, traditions and beliefs.“ By UNESCO • Way of living • Culture is dynamic not static • No culture is inferior or superior. Period ! 10/03/2021 3 India: Land of Diversity • Unity in diversity is the principle of our nationality • 22 official languages • 7 major religion (Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, Sikhism, Buddhism, Jainism, Parsi) • Birth of Jainism, Buddhidm, Hinduism and Sikhism • Geographical diversity • Complex History • 1.3 Billion population • Sovereign socialist secular and democratic republic 10/03/2021 4 Complex history of India Medieval India ( 6th Modern India (16th Post Independence Ancient India (2500 BCE- CE 750) to 16th century ) century- 1947) (1947- till date) • Indus valley Civilization (2500 BCE) • Delhi Sultanate • Small States • Sovereign socialist • Vedic Age (1500 BCE- 600 BCE) • Mughal Empire • Arrival of secular and • Age of Mahajanapadas (BCE 600 to BCE • Marathas European democratic 300) • Vijayanagar companies republic • Mauryan Empire Empire (Portuguese, • Post Mauryan period ( 200 BCE to 300 • Pallava dynasty British, Dutch, CE) • Imperial Chola French etc. ) • Gupta Empire (320 CE to CE 550) • Chalukya • British rule • Post Gupta ( up to CE 750) • Rashtrakuta • Freedom struggle • South India (Sangam Age- Chola, Chera and Pandya dynasty ) 10/03/2021 5 Diversity in Geography 10/03/2021 6 South India • Broadly considered as Dravidian culture • Politically divided in to four states based on language • Entirely in the peninsular part of India • Entirely different cultures Tamil Karnat Andhra Total Kerala Telangana Nadu aka Pradesh (South USA (KL) (TL) (TN) (KA) (AP) India) Population 72 33 61 49 35 247 311 (million) Area (million 0.13 0.038 0.19 0.16 0.11 0.628 9.8 Km2) 10/03/2021 7 Arts & Culture Visual art Performing arts Miscellaneous (Architecture, (Music, dance, cinema, (Festivals, crafts, painting etc.) martial art, animal language, cuisine, sports etc. ) marriage ceremony etc. ) 10/03/2021 8 VISUAL ARTS Architecture Religious buildings Pancharthas at Mahabalipuram (TN) Kailasanath Temple (TN) 10/03/2021 Shore temple at Mahabalipuram (TN) 9 Sabarimala Temple (KL) 10/03/2021Padmanabhaswami Temple (KL) Sree Virupaksha Temple (KA) 10 Vijayalaya Temple (TN) Brihadeswara Temple (TN) 10/03/2021 11 Keshava Temple, Somnathpur (KA)- Hoysala Temple Badami Cave Temple (KA)- Chalukya Style Mallikarjuna10/03/2021 and Kashivishwanatha Temples (KA) Tirupathi Temple (AP) 12 Santhome Basilica (TN) Santa Cruz Cathedral Basilica (KL) Velankanni Church (TN) • Believed to house the remains of • Originally built by Portuguese • One of the most visited St Thomas (one of the twelve churches in India apostles of Jesus) 10/03/2021 13 Medak Cathedral (TL) Cheraman Juma Mosque • One of the biggest in Asia • Believed to be the oldest (629 AD) mosque in Indian subcontinent Thazhathangady Juma Masjid (KL) 10/03/2021 14 • About 1000 years old, Kerala architecture Chendamangalam Synagouge (KL) Mekkah Masjid, Hyderabad Charminar (1591) • Bricks made of the soil brought from Mecca • Official emblem of Telangana • Listed as an archaeological and architectural treasure by Archaeological Survey of India 10/03/2021 15 Traditional residential buildings Tamil Nadu Potter’s House Merchant House 10/03/2021 16 Brahmin House Agricultural House Karnataka Chikmagalur House Ilkal weaver's house Andhra Pradesh 10/03/2021Coastal Andhra house Ikat House 17 Kerala Christian House Hindu House North kerala Modern house 10/03/2021 18 Painting and Sculpture Kolam Mural painting Raja Ravi Varma Paintings 10/03/2021 19 Adiyogi Statue (TN) Nataraja sculptures 10/03/2021Gomateswara Statue (KA) 20 Jatayu statue (KL) PERFORMING ARTS Dance • Classical- 4/8 Classical dances in India are from south India Bharatanatyam (TN) Kuchuppudi (AP & TL) Mohiniyattam (KL) 10/03/2021 Kadhakali (KL) 21 Other dances Margam kali Oppana Kummi Kali Dollu Kunitha 10/03/2021 Thiruvathira 22 Traditional Theaters Krishnattam (KL) Yakshagana (KA) Therukoothu (TN) 10/03/2021 23 Koodiyattam (KL) Mudiyettu 10/03/2021 Kurathiyattom (TN) 24 Puppetry Shadow Puppetry String Puppetry Glove Puppetry 10/03/2021 25 Animal Sports Jallikkettu (TN) Buffalo race- Kambala (KA) Cock fight10/03/2021-Kozhipporu (TN) Elephant race (KL) 26 Martial Arts Kalaripayattu (KL) Silambam (TN) 10/03/2021 27 Cinema Tamil- Kollywood Telugu- Tollywood Malyalam- Mollywood 10/03/2021Kannada-Sandalwood 28 Music • Carnatic and Hindustani music • Carnatic is confined to South India Musicians consisting of • a principal performer (usually a vocalist) • a melodic accompaniment (usually a violin), • a rhythm accompaniment (usually a mridangam), • a tambura, which acts as a drone throughout the performance • Other typical instruments - ghatam, kanjira, morsing, venu flute, veena, and chitraveena 10/03/2021 29 Tanjavur-style Tambura Volin Mridangam MISCELLANEOUS Languages • Most explicit cultural component • Major languages • Tamil- Tamil Nadu Telugu • Malayalam- Kerala • Kannada- Karnataka Kannada Telugu • Telugu- Andhra Pradesh and Telangana • Major Dravidian languages • Entirely different • Classical language status Malayalam Tamil • recorded history of 1500-2000 years • literary tradition should be original and not borrowed • Tamil-first classical language of India • Many regional languages also 10/03/2021• Konkani, Tulu, Beary etc. 30 10/03/2021 31 Cuisines • Famous for masala/spices • South Indian spices are world famous since ancient history Sadya (KL) Dosa and Idly (TN) Pongal and Vada (TN) Toddy (KL & TN) 10/03/2021 Hyderabad Biriyani (AP & TL) 32 Bamboo Chicken (AP & TL) Filter coffee Tender coconut Haleem (AP & TL) Payasam Buttermilk 10/03/2021 33 Festivals • Generally connected with ancient stories or harvest • Many major and regional festivals • Christmas and Ramzan also Vishu (KL) Pongal (TN) Onam (KL) 10/03/2021 Diwali 34 Dussehera Hand crafts Ilkal Saree (KA) Pochampalli Saree (AP & TL) Konard Saree (TN) Kalamkari Saree (Ap & TL) 10/03/2021 35 Kondapalli Toys (AP) Kasavu Saree and Mundu (KL) Pattu (Silk) saree 10/03/2021 Bagh Kasuti (KA) 36 Marriages Muslim marriage Hindu marriage Christian marriage 10/03/2021 37 Metro Cities Chennai (TN) • 13 million population Bengaluru (KA) • 8462 Km2 • 10 million • 8005 Km2 10/03/2021 38 Hyderabad (TL) • 9.7 million • 7257 Km2 Vishakhapattanam (AP) • 5 million • 10/03/2021 4873 Km2 39 Tourist destinations Karnataka Coorg Hampi Mysuru • Hill station in Western Ghats • Historical place • Historical place • Tea plantation, weather, • Temples, monuments, hills • Palaces, monuments, Dasara, zoo, waterfalls, etc. temples 10/03/2021 40 Kerala Waynad Munnar Alleppy • Hill station in Western Ghat • Hill station in Western ghats • Backwater tourism • Wildlife, trekking, nature, dams and • Tea plantations. Arch dam, spices, • House boats, boat races, fish lakes wildlife, weather etc. food 10/03/2021 41 Tamil Nadu Ooty Pondicherry (Union Territory) Kanyakumari • • Hill station in Western Ghat French culture • Southern most tip of Indian • • Weather, nature Beach, architecture, Auroville mainland • Nilgiri Train is UNESCO world experimental township • Sunrise and sunset, Arabian heritage list ocean and Indian ocean, churches and temples 10/03/2021 42 Andhra Pradesh Vijayawada Gandikota • Grand Canyon of India • Fort, canyon 10/03/2021 Kurnool 43 Telengana Ramoji Film City Golconda Fort Warangal 10/03/2021 44 Geographical Indications Tamil Nadu Kovai Cora Cotton Tanjavur Paintings Dindugal Lock Kancheepuram Silk Srivilliputtur Palkova 10/03/2021 45 Virupakshi Hill Banana Kodaikanal Malai Poondu Palani Panchamritham 10/03/2021 Toda Embroidery 46 Karnataka Coorg green cardamom Mysore Pak Gulbarga Tur Dal 10/03/2021Dharwad peda 47 Kasuti Embroidery Kerala Aleppy coir Brass broidered coconut shell craft Chengalikkodan banana 10/03/2021Vazhakkulam pineapple Pokkali rice Marayur jaggery 48 Andhra Pradesh Guntur Chilli Kalamkari art Mangalagiri Saree 10/03/2021Tirupathi Laddu 49 Telangana Silver Filigree of Karimnagar Cheriyal Painting Gadwal Sarees Nirmal Furniture 10/03/2021 50 Thank you ! 10/03/2021 51.
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