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美 풍력시장을 진단한다(하) 송용진 작성일 2011-12-10 작성자 ( [email protected] ) 국가 미국 무역관 로스앤젤레스무역관

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美 풍력시장을 진단한다(하) 송용진 작성일 2011-12-10 작성자 ( Moses@Kotra.Or.Kr ) 국가 미국 무역관 로스앤젤레스무역관 ㆍHOME > 해외시장정보 > 경제/산업 동향 제목 [녹색경영마케팅] 美 풍력시장을 진단한다(하) 송용진 작성일 2011-12-10 작성자 ( [email protected] ) 국가 미국 무역관 로스앤젤레스무역관 美 풍력시장을 진단한다(하) - 미국 내 풍력시장 주요 플레이어 동향 파악해야 - - 국내기업, 다양한 방법으로 미국시장 진출 모색해야 - □ 미국 내 풍력발전 주요 플레이어 ○ 주요 업체 동향 - AWEA는 주요 풍력발전 개발사들을 투자자 소유(Investor-Owned)의 전력회사들과 전력공사(Public Power Utilities 또는 Public-Owned), 농촌전력조합인 Rural Electric Cooperatives로 분류해 구분함. - 투자자 소유 전력회사 중 가장 큰 규모의 풍력발전을 보유한 업체는 Xcel Energy사로 보유 풍력 발전 량은 2010년 기준 3458MW이며 전력 공사 중 풍력발전의 선두주자는 텍사스 주의 CPS Energy로 풍 력 발전량은 859MW임. - 농촌전력조합은 North Dakota의 Basin Electric으로 풍력 발전량은 637MW임. (아래 도표 참고) 자료원: AWEA, 2010 US Wind Industry Annual Market Report: Rankings - AWEA가 발간한 2010년 Annual Market Report에 의하면 미국의 주요 5개 풍력발전사는 NextEra En ergy Resources, Iberdrola Renewables, Horizo-EDPR, MidAmerican & PacifiCorp, E.ON Climate & Renewables 등임. - NextEra Energy의 시장 점유율은 20.1%, Iberdrola Renewables의 시장점유율은 10.7%, Horizon-E DPR사 7.8%, MidAmerican & PacifiCorp 5.8%이며 E.ON Climate & Renewables사의 시장 점유율 은 4.8%임. (아래 도표 참고) 자료원: AWEA, Annual Market Report 2010 - 한편, IBIS World의 Wind Power Generation in the US(2010년 8월 발간) 보고서에 의하면 풍력발전 산업의 주요 업체들로는 Xcel Energy, Inc., MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company, Edison Intern ational, American Electric Power, Inc.와 Pacific Gas and Electric Company 등이 있음. - Xcel Energy사는 풍력 에너지 발전에 있어 선도기업으로 전체 시장의 9.0%를 점유하며 Mid America n Energy Holding사가 8.0%, Edison International은 5.0%, American Electric Power, Inc.사가 3.4%, Pacific Gas & Electric Company 사가 3.2%를 점유하며 기타 기업들이 나머지 71.4%를 점유 함. 자세한 기업 정보들은 위의 주요 업체 동향 참고 요망 자료원: IBIS World, Wind Power Generation in the US (August 2010) - Xcel Energy, Inc.는 가스·전력공급이 주요 서비스로 풍력발전산업협회인 AWEA가 인정한 미국 최고 의 투자자 소유의 풍력발전 업체임. - Minnesota, Wisconsin, Colorado, Michigan, New Mexico, North Dakota, South Dakota와 Texas가 서비스 지역임. - 전력 고객 수는 340만, 천연가스 고객은 190만 가구로 Xcel은 풍력발전소만 3곳을 소유·운영하며 Po nnequin Wind Plant, Nobles Wind Farm과 Grand Meadow Wind Farm의 3곳임. - Xcel사는 현재 텍사스 주와 뉴멕시코 주에 위치한 5개의 풍력발전소들과 장기간 전력수급계약(Power Purchase Agreement)을 맺고 443MW의 전력을, 단기 계약으로는 230MW의 전력을 조달 받음. 자료원: Xcel Energy 웹사이트 (http://www.xcelenergy.com/Environment/Renewable_Energy/Wind/Texas_Wind_Power) - Ponnequinn Wind Farm은 콜로라도 주의 첫 번째 풍력발전소로 Xcel사는 이후 콜로라도 주에 위치한 여러 풍력발전소와 전력수급계약을 맺고 약 1258MW의 전력을 조달받음. - Xcel사는 또한 미네소타 주 남부지역에 있는 풍력발전소들로부터 약 1500MW의 전력을 공급받으며 이 지역에 소유·운영하는 풍력발전소들은 Grand Meadow Wind Farm과 Nobles Wind Farm임. Xcel Energy, Inc. 연락처: 주소: 414 Nicollet Mall, Minneapolis, MN 55401 전화번호: 612-330-5500 웹사이트: www.excelenergy.com - Mid-American Energy Holdings사는 아이오와 주의 Des Moines 시에 위치한 전력 발전·전력 공급 업체로 전력고객 수는 620만이며, 천연가스 고객은 7만 가구임. - 2009년 기준 전력발전은 1만8000MW였으며, 이 중 풍력발전으로 인한 전력은 2200MW였음. 2004 년부터 풍력발전에 투자하기 시작해 현재 발전하는 전체 발전량의 20%를 신재생 에너지로 발전함. - 2009년, Iowa Utilities Board로부터 1001MW의 풍력발전 추가 건축 허가를 받았으며 이 중 953.4MW 의 발전량이 2011년 말까지 추가될 계획이며, 총 공사는 2013년 완공될 예정임. - 소유한 모든 풍력발전소를 통한 발전량은 2011년 말까지 총 1877.7MW로 증가할 전망임.(아래 도표 참고) 자료원: Mid-American Energy Company 웹사이트 Mid-American Energy Holdings 연락처: 주소: 666 Grand Ave. Suite 500, Des Moines, IA 50309 전화번호: 515-242-4300 웹사이트: 515-281-2389 - Edison International사는 남가주 전력공급업체인 Southern California Edison과 Edison Mission Ene rgy, Edison Capital의 모회사로 천연가스 전력 발전소, 석탄 전력 발전소, 신재생 에너지 전력 발전소 를 보유함. - 신재생 에너지 전력분야는 풍력과 바이오매스로 2009년 기준, 생산한 전력은 1만1269MW이며, 이 중 1212MW가 풍력발전으로 생산된 전력임. - 자회사인 Southern California Edison(SCE)의 풍력 에너지 발전량은 2010년 기준, 2057MW로 전체 보유한 신재생 에너지 발전의 29%에 달함. (아래 도표 참고) 자료원: Southern California Edison 웹사이트 Southern California Edison Company 연락처: 주소: 2244 Walnut Grove Ave., Rosemead, CA 91770 전화번호: 626-302-1212 웹사이트: www.sce.com - American Electric Power, Inc.는 전력발전 및 공급, 바지(barge)운영이 주력사업으로 총 전력발전량 은 약 3만8000MW이며 이 중 석탄 전력발전은 66%, 천연가스 및 오일 발전은 22%, 원자력 발전 6%, 그 외 풍력, 태양 에너지 등의 신재생 에너지 발전은 6%에 달함. - 2009년 풍력 발전량은 319MW이며 보유한 풍력발전소는 텍사스에 있는 Desert Sky Wind Farm과 Tr ent Wind Farm임. - Desert Sky Wind Farm의 총 발전량은 160.5MW이며 Trent Wind Farm의 총 발전량은 150MW임. American Electric Power, Inc. 연락처: 주소: 1 Riverside Plaza, Columbus, OH 43215 전화번호: 614-716-1000 웹사이트: www.aep.com - Pacific Gas and Electric Company는 PG &E Corporation의 자회사로 캘리포니아 주의 San Francis co시에 위치한 투자자 소유(Investor-Owned)의 전력공급업체이며 전력고객은 510만 가구에 달함. - 전력뿐 아니라 천연가스 공급도 하며 천연가스 고객은 430만 가구에 달함. 공급하는 전력의 34.6%가 천연가스이며 원자력 발전 공급은 20.5%, 대형 수력발전은 13.0%, 석탄 발전은 1.3%, 기타 화석원료 발전은 1.2%, 기타 발전은 15%이며 신재생 에너지 발전은 14.4%임. - 신재생 에너지 발전에서 풍력발전 비중은 22.3%, 소규모 수력발전은 17.8%, 태양광 발전은 0.2%, 지 열발전 29.7%, 바이오매스와 폐기물 발전은 30.1%에 달함. (아래 도표 참고) 자료원: Pacific Gas & Electric 웹사이트 - PG &E는 지난 2009년 12월, Iberdrola Renewables, Inc.가 남가주 지역에 개발하던 Manzana Wind Project을 인수함. - Manzana Wind Project는 246MW 발전용량의 풍력 발전소로 Tehachapi 지역의 7000에이커 부지에 건설되고 있으며 2011년 12월부터 발전이 가능할 것으로 예상됨. - 완공되면 연간 670GWh 의 전력을 10만 가구에 공급할 수 있는 발전용량을 갖추게 되며 전체 프로젝 트 비용으로는 9억 달러 이상으로 예산이 책정됨. - PG &E는 Manzana Wind Project 소유주인 Manzana Wind, LLC를 인수해 Manzana 풍력발전소의 터 빈을 제외한 전체 자산의 소유권을 넘겨받았으며 Manzana Wind, LLC사는 Manzana Wind Farm을 개 발하기 위해 생성됐던 특수목적 회사인 Special Purpose Corporation(SPC)임. Pacific Gas and Electric Company 연락처: 주소: 77 Beale St., San Francisco, CA 94177 전화번호: 415-973-7000 웹사이트: www.pge.com - Terra-Gen Power사는 지난 2010년 7월, 12억 달러를 유치하는데 성공해 캘리포니아 지역 Kern Cou nty(Tehachapi Pass 지역)에 위치한 Alta Wind Energy Center(AWEC)에 570MW의 풍력발전시설을 추가 계획했으며 최근 그 첫 단계가 완공됨. - Alta Wind Energy Center는 Terra-Gen Power사가 개발하는 대규모 풍력 발전 프로젝트로 정식 프로 젝트 명칭은 Alta-Oak Creek Mojave Project임. - 이 프로젝트는 2010년 공사를 시작해 약 9000에이커(약 36 평방킬로미터)의 부지에 320개의 풍력 터 빈을 설치할 예정임. - 생산된 전력은 전력공급사인 Southern California Edison사가 향후 25동안 구매하기로 계약함. - 사용되는 풍력 터빈은 GE사의 제품으로 1대당 150MW의 전력을 생산할 수 있으며 총 발전량은 800M W로 캘리포니아 남부지방의 2억7만5000가구에 전력을 공급할 수 있어 캘리포니아 전체의 풍력발전 량이 30% 증가됨. - 이 풍력발전 프로젝트는 인터넷 검색 엔진으로 유명한 Google사가 투자해 유명세를 탔으며 Google 사의 Alta Wind Energy Center 투자액은 5500만 달러임. 자료원: Alta Wind Energy Center 웹사이트 - Terra-Gen가 현재 보유한 신재생 에너지 발전소는 26개로 이 중 19개를 자회사인 Terra-Gen Operat ing Company와 Coso Operating Company를 통해 직접 운영·관리하며 총 신재생 에너지 발전량은 1 556MW임. Terra-Gen Power 사업 분포 지도 자료원: Terra-Gen Power 웹사이트 Terra-Gen Power 연락처: 주소: 565 5th Ave. Fl 27 #27, New York, NY 10017 전화번호: 646-829-3900 웹사이트: www.terra-genpower.com ○ 주요 기업 경쟁현황 - 미 에너지국 산하 에너지 효율성과 신재생 에너지 사무소(Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy: EERE)의 2009년 Renewable energy Data Book(2009년 이후 새로 발간된 자료 아직 없음) 에 의하면 주요 풍력터빈 생산 업체들은 GE Wind, Vestas, Siemens, Mitsubishi, Suzlon, Clipper, G amesa, REpower, Acciona WP사와 Nordex 등임. - 이 중 풍력 터빈 생산의 선도 기업은 GE Wind로 시장의 40.3%를 점유하며 덴마크 기업인 Vestas와 Siemens사는 각각 15%와 11.7%를 점유함. - 일본 기업인 Mitsubishi사는 8.2%, 인도 기업인 Suzlon은 7.1%, Clipper사 6.1%, 스페인의 Gamesa 6.0%, 독일의 REpower 3.3%, 스페인 기업인 Acciona 2.1% 이며 독일의 Nordex의 시장점유율은 0.3%임. - 그 외, 기타 풍력 터빈 생산업체들이 나머지 0.6%의 시장을 점유함. 자료원: EERE(Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy), 2009 Renewable Energy Data Book, Wind Tu rbine Manufacturing Market Share 2009 - IBIS World의 'Wind Turbine Manufacturing in the US' 보고서(2010년 10월 발간)에 의하면 풍력 터 빈 생산의 미국 선도 기업은 GE로 37.6%의 시장을 점유하며 그 외 Clipper Wnidpower이 3.9%, Sout hwest Windpower은 1.8%, Northern Power Systems 1.6%와 기타 업체들이 55.1%를 점유함. (아래 도표 참고) 자료원: IBIS World, Wind Turbine Manufacturing in the US (October, 2010) - GE(General Electric)은 Connecticut 주의 Fairfield시에 소재한 세계적인 종합 전기회사로 1878년 설 립됨. - GE Wind Energy는 GE의 신재생 에너지 부분 자회사로 1980년 개발사인 Zond로 처음 설립됐으나 이후 1997년, Enron사가 인수, 합병해 Enron Wind로 명칭을 변경했으며 2002년, GE가 Enron사의 부도 과정에서 Enron Wind를 인수함. - GE는 이후 2009년, 노르웨이 풍력터빈 생산업체인 ScanWind를 인수 합병했으며 지난 2011년 2월, 풍력 타워 생산업체인 Wind Tower Systems LLC를 인수함. - IBIS World에 의하면 GE 에너지의 연간 수익은 2010년 기준, 약 341억100만 달러를 기록했으며 전년 대비 6.5% 증가함. - GE Wind에서 생산하는 터빈 기종은 3가지로 1.5 MWSeries, 2.5MW Series와 4.0MW Series가 있음. - Clipper Windpower사는 캘리포니아 주, Carpinteria시에 소재하고 있는 풍력 터빈 생산업체로 2001 년 설립됨. - 2009년에 United Technologies Corporation(UTC)이 지분의 49.5%를 인수했으며 2010년에 UTC가 나머지 지분을 모두 확보해 합병함. - 미국의 주요 풍력 터빈 생산 기업으로 지난 2007년 9월, 미 에너지국(DOE)으로부터 2.5 MW의 Libert y Wind Turbine 개발에 대해 'Outstanding Research and Development Partnership Award'를 수상 함. - Liberty Wind Turbine은 미 에너지국 산하의 국제재생에너지 연구소인 National Renewable Energy L aboratory(NREL)과 공동 개발한 제품으로 2006년 6월부터 판매하기 시작함. - 지난 2009년, Connecticut에 위치한 United Technologies Corporation이 Clipper Wind 지분의 4 9.5%를 인수했으며 2010년 10월에 나머지 지분을 모두 인수해 합병함. - South Dakota 지역의 Titan Wind Project를 BP Energy와 공동 개발하며 이 프로젝트는 2009년부터 착공돼 Clipper Windpower의 2.5MW 터빈을 설치할 예정임.
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