Idealisme Seniman Berdampak Pada Marginalisasi Kesenian Indang Tradisi

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Idealisme Seniman Berdampak Pada Marginalisasi Kesenian Indang Tradisi Idealisme Seniman Berdampak pada Marginalisasi Kesenian Indang Tradisi 1 jurnal tari, teater, dan wayang Indrayuda dan Susmiarti volume 2 number 2, Jurusan Sendratasik, Fakultas Bahasa dan Seni, Universitas Negeri Padang November 2019 page 64 – 73 Abstract This article aims to reveal and analyze the problem of the artistry of traditional art in Padang Pariaman district. Today the existence of Indang art less popular in the cultural life of the community Padang Pariaman. In turn, Indang art is rarely used and functioned by Padang Pariaman society today. The research was done by explanation method, and the research data is qualitative. Data collected society, and the existence of Indang. The analysis was done by ethnography approach,throughout by the determining interview process, component observation analysis ofand socio-cultural determining symptoms the cultural of theme. The result of the research obtained is that the structure and shape of Indang have not changed until now. Indang art form and structure is less suitable to the taste of today’s society so that Indang art is less popular to the public for entertainment activities. The activities of artists on stage often disturb the artistic and aesthetic performances, i.e. the artists often create any activities that spoil the atmosphere of the show. Keywords: Indang tradisi; form and structure; ethnographic approach; explanation method Pendahuluan Kesenian tradisional yang terdapat di yangHakikatnya, dibangun dari menurut pikiran kolektif,Indrayuda umumnya (2012: berbagai nagari menjadi89), bahwa milik seni masyarakat tradisional nagari Minangkabau dan tumbuh identitas kultural dari nagari tersebut. berkembang di nagari. Kesenian tersebut di Minangkabau merupakan dibangun dari gagasan adat salingka nagari, mempopulerkan nagari tersebut kepada sehingga kesenian tersebut memiliki ciri dari duniaEksistensi luar. dariOleh kesenian sebab itu, tersebut kesenian mampu yang kenagarian tersebut. Selanjutnya, nama dari memiliki karakteristik mencerminkan kesenian tersebut mewakili kenagariannya sikap dan perilaku masyarakat nagari yang seperti Rabab Pasisia, Saluang Pauh, Tabuik memilikinya. Kesenian tradisional yang tumbuh di berbagai nagari Koto Anau”, tari “Piriang Lumpo”, dan Indang Provinsi Sumatera Barat, merupakan seni Pariaman, Talempong Unggan, tari “Mancak kolektif dari perwujudan gagasan di Minangkabau, dan perilaku sosial masyarakat pemiliknya. Kesenian Pariaman. Masing-masing kesenian tersebut tersebut menjadi kebanggaan komunitas nagariadalah dankesenian sekaligus tradisional mewakili di Minangkabau adat istiadat nagari, dan secara struktur adat mampu dariyang nagari merupakan tersebut. ciri khas dari masing-masing melibatkan elit adat dalam pemeliharaan dan perkembangannya, sehingga unsur gatakan bahwa kesenian tradisi merupakan masyarakat nagari turut memiliki dan merasa identitasSebagaimana dari suatu Andriani suku bangsa.(2012: 202) Kesenian men- bertanggung jawab pada kesenian tersebut. tradisi seperti pantun adalah identitas bagi 1 Alamat korespondensi: Universitas Negeri Padang, Jl. Belibis No.21A, Padang, Sumatera Barat. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; HP: 082174343764 64 | Received: 6th January 2018 Last revision: 12nd March 2018 Dance & Theatre Review | volume 2 number 2, November 2019 tuk kesenian tradisi berarti mengenal identi tasbangsa dari Melayu. suatu suku Oleh bangsa.sebab itu, Oleh mengenal karena ben itu,- Ediwar, Mohamed Anwar Omar Din, dan nagari memper- Zuliyati Zakaria (2010: 229) mengatakan bahwa tahankan kesenian tradisinya sebagaimana ia yangsalah berbudayasatu ciri seni Islam suku merupakan Melayu, sepertisuatu ciri Melayu atau mempertahankanmasyarakat Minangkabau identitas di budayanya. - Minangkabau, adalah berbudaya Islam. Seni-seni Kabupaten Pariaman sebagai sebuah seperti kesenian Indang yang terdapat di daerah wilayah pemerintahan dan etnik yang terletak Padangidentitas dariPariaman. masyarakat Kesenian Melayu Minangkabau Indang di pantai barat Provinsi Sumatera Barat dibudayakan seiring dengan masuknya memiliki berbagai seni tradisi yang unik. Kesenian tersebut berasal dari pikiran kolektif Kesenian Indang pada pada masa lampau masyarakat Pariaman seperti Salawat Dulang, awalnyaagama Islam digunakan ke wilayah sebagai Minangkabau. media Ulu Ambek, Randai, dan kesenian Indang. Kesenian Indang umumnya hampir terdapat Padang Pariaman. di seluruh nagari di Kabupaten Pariaman. dakwah bagi ulama Minangkabau di Salah satu bentuk kesenian yang saat ini Indang merupakan warisan budaya lama populer bagi masyarakat luas di Sumatera dari Menurutmasyarakat Ediwar Padang (2010: Pariaman. 51), kesenian Sebagai Barat maupun di luar Sumatera Barat. warisan budaya lama, kesenian Indang menjadi lambang atau pertanda dari harga diri kepemilikan tradisi kesenian di Padang dan identitas daerah dan budaya masyarakat Pariaman,Menurut baik Kamal Luambek (2012: maupun 48), masalahIndang, di Padang Pariaman. Apabila dalam parade berhubungan langsung dengan struktur kesenian Indang pada kegiatan acara alek sosial adat di nagari nagari terdapat kelompok Indang yang kalah memposisikan kesenian tradisi seperti dalam pertunjukan, seluruh masyarakat yang Indang dan Lu Ambek(desa). sebagai Masyarakatnya ”suntiang diwakili oleh kelompok Indang tersebut niniak- mamak, pamenan anak mudo-mudo” merasa malu. Demikian kukuhnya idealisme masyarakat terhadap keberadaan Indang adat, permainan anak muda). Lembaga sebagai identitas daerahnya. adat(perhiasan niniak mamakninik-mamak di nagari atau (desa) pimpinan yang Kesenian Indang atau disebut juga dengan anggotanya terdiri atas para penghulu suku Baindang, salah satu bentuk pertunjukan (pemuka adat) berposisi sebagai pemilik yang terdiri dari sastra lisan yang berupa kesenian tradisi. Oleh sebab itu, praktik dalam berkesenian saat ini didelegalisikan kepada masa lampau digunakan untuk berdakwah, para pemuda di nagari atau desa yang telah dansyair-syair didukung yang oleh bernafaskan permainan Islam,rapa’i. Syairpada mendapat pendidikan adat dan agama sebagai yang didendangkan dalam Baindang ini lebih syarat menjadi pemain Indang atau Luambek, banyak berupa keagungan atau pujian pada maksudnya tidak boleh sembarang pemuda Allah, shalawat Nabi, dan hikayat tentang sebagai pelaku pertunjukan Luambek dan Rasulullah dan Ulil Amri. Namun sekarang Indang di Padang Pariaman. telah berkembang berupa pantun yang bersifat Indang tumbuh dan berkembang di setiap spontan yang berperan mengkritik atau nagari di Kabupaten dan Kota Pariaman sampai menyindir. Secara penampilan kesenian Indang shaf. Aktivitas dari dulu sampai sekarang berposisi sebagai saranasaat ini. dakwah Merujuk dalam pada agama posisi Islam,kesenian pelengkap Indang syairdilakukan dan sedikit dengan menggunakan duduk ber- tubuh untuk upacara adat, dan sebagai sarana hiburan bergerakyang dilakukan sedangkan adalah aksen melantunkan dari pertunjukan syair- masyarakat yang tampil dalam berbagai tersebut, selain dari menggerakan tubuh yang kegiatan sosial budaya masyarakat nagari digeser ke kiri dan ke kanan dalam posisi nagari di Pariaman yang mampu mengundang duduk, juga menggunakan telapak tangan keramaian masyarakat penonton. - untuk memukul rebana kecil (rapa’i). 65 Indrayuda & Susmiarti, Idealisme Seniman pada Indang Tradisi Kesenian Baindang tidak seperti seni tradisional kekurangan pasar, pasar kesenian pertunjukan tari pada umumnya karena dalam Indang tradisional berkisar pada acara alek penampilanya, Baindang tidak menonjolkan nagari gerakan tubuh penari, melainkan lebih pesta perkawinan. mengedepankan permainan alat musik rapa’i. Keberadaan saja, sekali-kali kesenian ditampilkan Indang sebagai dalam Pada awalnya, jenis alat musik yang digunakan seni tradisional dari wilayah Pariaman, secara dalam Baindang adalah rebana. Namun karena tidak langsung terlindas dari gejolak derasnya ukurannya terlalu besar, rebana diperkecil dan arus perubahan terhadap seni pertunjukan disebut dengan rapa’i yang tujuannya untuk memudahkan para pemain Indang dalam pertunjukan tersebut, masyarakat Pariaman menggunakan atau memainkannya. mulaidi Pariaman. berpaling Menyikapi dari selera perkembangan seni tradisional seni Pergerakan arus globalisasi telah ke modernisasi. Karena dewasa ini, selera merambah ke berbagai sektor kehidupan masyarakat Pariaman terhadap pertunjukan masyarakat, salah satunya sektor kesenian sarat dengan nilai entertainment (hiburan). dan kepariwisataan. Pada kenyataannya, Pada gilirannya, berbagai acara kegiatan hal tersebut berdampak kepada munculnya budaya yang dilaksanakan masyarakat tidak sektor industri hiburan dan kepariwisataan terlepas dari kegiatan seni hiburan. di Sumatera Barat. Pertumbuhan industri Idealisme dan fantisme yang berlebihan hiburan telah mendorong munculnya berbagai dari masyarakat pemilik kesenian Indang event organizer tradisi telah meminggirkan keberadaan muncul di berbagai kota dan kabupaten di kesenian Indnag dalam Industri hiburan. Sumatera Barat. dan sanggar-sanggar seni yang Artinya akibat dari fanatisme dan idealisme Berawal dari digalakannya industri seni yang berlebihan dari seniman Indang tradisi pertunjukan di Sumatera Barat, telah terjadi berdampak pada tersingkirnya keberadaan peta persaingan yang kompetitif antara kesenian tersebut dalam kegiatan industri kesenian tradisional dan kesenian modern hiburan di Padang Pariaman dan Suamtera atau kesenian kreasi. Kompetisi didasarkan Barat umumnya. kepada kualitas dan kemasan pertunjukan, Bertitik tolak dari fenomena yang terjadi inovasi garapan,
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