Fani Dilasari, Alua Jo Patuik Simarantang Karang Manih Efyuhardi

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Fani Dilasari, Alua Jo Patuik Simarantang Karang Manih Efyuhardi Fani Dilasari, Alua Jo Patuik Simarantang Karang Manih Efyuhardi VOLUME 04, No. 02, April 2018: 137-160 ALUA JO PATUIK SIMARANTANG KARANG MANIH DALAM BINGKAI PROSES KREATIF EFYUHARDI Fani Dila Sari Dosen Institut Seni Budaya Indonesia (ISBI) Aceh Program Studi Seni Teater [email protected] ABSTRACT Intellectual beauty is a wonderful thought based on science. The beauty in the sense of a purely aesthetic concerns aesthetic experience of a person in relation to everything dicerapnya. Efyuhardi traditions of knowledge as the son of Pariaman area, as well as the knowledge acquired through the theater Theater Arts education makes work interesting Manih Simarantang Reefs for review of the creative process. Efyuhardi implement cultural creativity in the form of Pariaman to Simarantang identified as Tuo Randai. Efyuhardi creative acts of the creation of the Simarantang Karang Manih shelter on aesthetics Minangkabau is Alua jo Patuik. Keywords: Simarantang Karang Manih, Efyuhardi, and Alua jo Patuik. ABSTRAK Keindahan intelektual adalah pemikiran yang indah berdasarkan ilmu pengetahuan. Keindahan dalam arti estetik murni menyangkut pengalaman estetis dari seseorang dalam hubungannya dengan segala sesuatu yang dicerapnya. Pengetahuan tradisi yang dimiliki Efyuhardi sebagai putra daerah Pariaman, serta ilmu teater yang didapatkannya melalui jenjang pendidikan Seni Teater menjadikan karya Simarantang Karang Manih menarik untuk ditinjau dari proses kreatif. Tindakan kreatif Efyuhardi mengimplementasi budaya Pariaman ke dalam bentuk Simarantang diidentifikasi sebagai Tuo Randai.1 Tindakan kreatif Efyuhardi pada penciptaan Simarantang Karang Manih bernaung pada estetika Minangkabau yaitu Alua jo Patuik. Kata kunci: Efyuhardi, Proses Kreatif dan Alua jo Patuik, Simarantang Karang Manih. PENGANTAR Pariaman Simarantang berperan sebagai Salah satu teater rakyat yang saat hiburan dalam kegiatan upacara dan adat. ini masih hidup di tengah masyarakat Simarantang diperlakukan khusus dalam Minangkabau, khususnya di Pariaman pelaksanaan pertunjukannya sebagai adalah Simarantang. Bagi masyarakat 1Tuo Randai adalah pimpinan dalam proses kreatif pertunjukan Simarantang, dituakan bukan berdasarkan umur, tapi berdasarkan pemahamannya terhadap Simarantang dan kewibawaannya dalam memimpin kelompok. 137 Jurnal Kajian Seni, Vol. 04, No. 02, April 2018: 137-160 pamenan anak nagari2. Simarantang membentuk gerak legaran, membentuk yang mengusung kekhasannya dalam pamain carito4 dan komposisi karawitan. kaidah-kaidah estetika adalah produk Efyuhardi bertanggung jawab penuh budaya dari kreativitas seniman di terhadap penciptaan Simarantang. Hal masyarakat. Kreativitas seorang seniman tersebut dapat dilihat pada proses kreatif merupakan identitas dan proses simbolis Simarantang Karang Manih. Berdasarkan bagi masyarakatnya. Kekhasan ini dapat kemampuan tersebut Efyuhardi disebut dilihat dari tindak kreatif Efyuhardi Tuo Randai. Pertunjukan Simarantang dalam proses penciptaan Simarantang Karang Manih adalah karya terbaru Karang Manih. Efyuhardi menjelang akhir tahun 2015 Bersama sanggar Alam Takambang yang dapat mewakili tindak kreatif (ABG) Maimbau yang dibentuknya pada Efyuhardi dalam garapan-garapan tahun 1999, Efyuhardi eksis dan pernah sebelumnya yang berbasis materi tradisi. menjuarai festival Randai Se-Sumatera Pertunjukan Simarantang Karang Manih Barat (Efyuhardi, wawancara 1 Agustus hadir sebagai salah satu pengisi acara 2015). Berbeda dari grup Simarantang pada alek nagari di kanagarian5 Sicincin lain yang hanya memainkan satu dan pertunjukan ini mendapat respons lakon Simarantang yang sama di setiap meriah dari penontonnya. Carito Karang pertunjukannya, serta menjadikan judul Manih mengangkat tentang kehidupan naskah itu sebagai nama dari grup seorang gadis yatim piatu yang tinggal Simarantangnya, maka sanggar Alam di rumah pamannya. Ia mendapatkan Takambang (ABG) Maimbau lebih variatif perlakuan buruk dari istri dan anak dalam mengusung lakon pertunjukan laki-laki pamannya. Ketabahan Karang Simarantang. Sanggar Alam Takambang Manih dalam menghadapi problema Maimbau menjadi ruang edukasi seni hidupnya menjadi gambaran dalam dan budaya bagi anggotanya yang rata- penceritaan pertunjukan ini. Menariknya, rata kaum pelajar. Melalui Simarantang seluruh pamain carito6 dalam garapan terbinalah pendidikan karakter dengan Simarantang Karang Manih adalah anak- carito3 yang mengusung nilai-nilai budaya anak. Minangkabau. Kreativitas Efyuhardi meng- Efyuhardi mengorganisir implementasi budaya Pariaman ke terwujudnya sebuah Simarantang dari pelatihan hingga menjadi sebuah 4Pamain carito adalah orang yang memainkan pertunjukan. Dengan pengetahuan dan carito. 5Kanagarian adalah kesatuan wilayah budaya yang kepandaian lebih yang dimiliki, Efyuhardi dilaksanakan secara demokratis dan bersifat federal mampu dalam penciptaan carito, (memiliki otonomi untuk menentukan kebijaksanaan pada wilayahnya sendiri) dalam tatanan budaya Minangkabau, dipimpin oleh seorang wali, yang disebut 2Pemenan anak nagari adalah bentuk kreativitas Wali Nagari. Pemerintah Indonesia memadankannya yang berjalan seiring perkembangan masyarakat dengan keberadaan desa dalam sistem kepemerintahan hingga menjadikannya populer dan diminati di saat ini. daerahnya. 6Pamain curito adalah pemain cerita atau sama 3Carito adalah pengertian dari cerita atau lakon. dengan aktor. 138 Fani Dilasari, Alua Jo Patuik Simarantang Karang Manih Efyuhardi dalam bentuk Simarantang diidentifikasi Pendekatan konseptual tersebut didasari sebagai Tuo Randai. Pemikirannya penelitian secara kualitatif terhadap terhadap aspek-aspek Simarantang dan proses kreatif Simarantang Karang realitas sosial yang dihadapi tokoh dalam Manih Efyuhardi. carito adalah dualisme yang sejalan. Esensi dasar dari kreativitasnya yakni PEMBAHASAN tiga spirit dari randai7, indang8 dan Definisi Simarantang luambek9. Efyuhardi memiliki dua pemahaman Tiga hal tersebut sangat tampak pada mengenai asal kata Simarantang. Pertama, Simarantang Karang Manih. Batasan Simarantang adalah nama seorang permasalahan pada tulisan ini adalah pedagang keliling yang menciptakan bagaimana etnoestetika Simarantang irama-irama sendiri dalam menjualkan Karang Manih Efyuhardi dan bagaimana dagangannya guna menarik hati pembeli. tindakan kreatif Efyuhardi dalam Irama yang dinyanyikan berulang- penciptaan Simarantang Karang Manih. ulang dan menjadi ciri khas, sehingga Adapun permasalahan tersebut memiliki dikenal dengan dendang Simarantang tujuan menganalisis tindak kreatif dalam dan kisahnya diangkat menjadi cerita penciptaan Simarantang Karang Manih Simarantang. Kedua, Simarantang yang merupakan suatu usaha memahami secara etimologi berasal dari dua suku kekhasan Simarantang secara khusus kata yakni Si dan Marantang. Kata Si ataupun umum. Manfaat dari tulisan merujuk pada benda yakni bisa saja ini diharapkan dapat menjadi bahan orang, panggilan atau pelaku. Marantang analisa dalam memahami etnoestetika merupakan kata kerja rentang setelah dalam penciptaan Simarantang, diberi imbuhan “me” yakni merentang. khususnya Simarantang Karang manih Simarantang adalah pelaku yang dan dapat menambah pengetahuan merentangkan peristiwa, menjabarkan untuk mengembangkan Simarantang kisah, memanjangkan atau mengulurkan di Pariaman. Penulisan yang digunakan cerita sehingga sampai ke masyarakat adalah deskriptif analisis dengan luas. Pelaku yang dimaksud bisa saja kerangka konseptual yaitu kreativitas, orang, panggilan ataupun kelompok etnodramaturgi dan etnoestetika. yang merentangkan kisah (wawancara, 30 Juli 2016). 7Randai yang dimaksud adalah pemahaman masyarakat pariaman yaitu, seni pertunjukan Pemahaman terhadap istilah berupa tari dengan formasi melingkar dan belum Simarantang berhubungan dengan ada unsur cerita di dalamnya 8Indang adalah tarian tradisional daerah Pariaman istilah Randai yang dipahami masyarakat yang berisikan syair dan pantun dalam mengiringi Minangkabau di wilayah lain. Secara gerakan yang disertai kecepatan tangan, tarian ini dimainkan secara duduk satu saf sama seperti bentuk antara Simarantang dan Randai tari saman dari Aceh, namun penari disertai rapa’i adalah sama, sementara bagi masyarakat yang dipukul secara serentak. 9Luambek adalah kesenian Pariaman yang berupa Pariaman merupakan penamaan bentuk gerakan yang berasal dari gerakan silat yang yang berbeda. Di Pariaman, istilah mana ada aturan khusus dalam pementasannya. 139 Jurnal Kajian Seni, Vol. 04, No. 02, April 2018: 137-160 randai merupakan bentuk tari dengan Unsur-unsur Simarantang pola lingkaran, sementara Simarantang a. Kaba merupakan bentuk teater yang Sumber carito pertunjukan dengan pola lingkaran yang memiliki Simarantang adalah kaba. Kaba pengembangan peristiwa yang dibangun merupakan karya sastra Minangkabau oleh pamain carito10. berupa gurindam yang berisikan hikayat, Herizal mengungkapkan bahwa cerita rakyat, legenda, dan lainnya. pada mulanya Simarantang adalah salah Kaba dapat berbentuk tutur atau satu pamenan anak nagari11 berbentuk tulisan. Bakaba sering disebut juga kesenian tari, di dalamnya terdapat bacarito atau dapat diartikan berkabar. langkah silat dan gerakan seperti pencak, Panghoeloe dalam bukunya Kaluak memainkannya berkeliling dalam Randai menyebutkan asal kata dan lingkaran, dan jumlah pemainnya 6 orang pengertian kaba sebagai berikut. anak randai12 bahkan lebih. Randai “Kaba” dipandang dari sudut inilah cikal bakal lahirnya Simarantang. asal katanya dari Bahasa Arab Randai kemudian membawakan kaba “khabarun”, artinya berita atau dan dikembangkan layaknya sebuah warta.
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