IDENTITY CONFLICT in BULGARIA: the DYNAMICS of NON-VIOLENCE By
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Turkey and Iraq: the Perils (And Prospects) of Proximity
UNITED STATES INSTITUTE OF PEACE www.usip.org SPECIAL REPORT 1200 17th Street NW • Washington, DC 20036 • 202.457.1700 • fax 202.429.6063 ABOUT THE REPORT I RAQ AND I TS N EIGHBORS Iraq’s neighbors are playing a major role—both positive and negative—in the stabilization and reconstruction of “the new Iraq.” As part of the Institute’s “Iraq and Henri J. Barkey Its Neighbors” project, a group of leading specialists on the geopolitics of the region and on the domestic politics of the individual countries is assessing the interests and influence of the countries surrounding Iraq. In addition, these specialists are examining how Turkey and Iraq the situation in Iraq is impacting U.S. bilateral relations with these countries. Henri Barkey’s report on Turkey is the first in a series of USIP special reports on “Iraq The Perils (and Prospects) of Proximity and Its Neighbors” to be published over the next few months. Next in the series will be a study on Iran by Geoffrey Kemp of the Nixon Center. The “Iraq and Its Neighbors” project is directed by Scott Lasensky of the Institute’s Research and Studies Program. For an overview of the topic, see Phebe Marr and Scott Lasensky, “An Opening at Sharm el-Sheikh,” Beirut Daily Star, November 20, 2004. Henri J. Barkey is the Bernard L. and Bertha F. Cohen Professor of international relations at Lehigh University. He served as a member of the U.S. State Department Policy Planning Staff (1998–2000), working primarily on issues related to the Middle East, the eastern Mediterranean, and intelligence matters. -
Bulgaria's Perpetual Stagnation Due to Its Negative National Narrative
Claremont Colleges Scholarship @ Claremont CMC Senior Theses CMC Student Scholarship 2021 Maledictum Bulgaricus: Bulgaria’s Perpetual Stagnation Due to its Negative National Narrative and Political Nostalgia Yoana Sidzhimova Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Sidzhimova, Yoana, "Maledictum Bulgaricus: Bulgaria’s Perpetual Stagnation Due to its Negative National Narrative and Political Nostalgia" (2021). CMC Senior Theses. 2645. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/2645 This Open Access Senior Thesis is brought to you by Scholarship@Claremont. It has been accepted for inclusion in this collection by an authorized administrator. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Claremont McKenna College Maledictum Bulgaricus: Bulgaria’s Perpetual Stagnation Due to its Negative National Narrative and Political Nostalgia submitted to Professor Zachary Courser by Yoana Nikolaeva Sidzhimova for Senior Thesis Full Year Thesis 2020 – 2021 May 3, 2021 1 Acknowledgements First, I would like to thank Professor Courser for his guidance throughout my entire journey at CMC. From sitting in his office for our first ever advisor meeting freshman year, having the pleasure to learn and work alongside him in CMC’s Policy Lab, and, finally, completing my thesis with his guidance, my experience at CMC would not have been the same without him there. Thank you for always pushing me and helping me understand the value in a ‘Big Think,’ having my best interests as a both a student and individual at heart, and, most importantly, reminding me the value in slowing down and taking a breather. I have learned so much from you in the past four years. -
BULGARIAN REVIVAL INTELLIGENTSIA Natural
BULGARIAN REVIVAL INTELLIGENTSIA Natural Philosophy System of Dr. Petar Beron Petar Beron was born at year 1800 in the town Kotel, “a miniature of Nuremberg”, in a rich family of handcrafts and merchants. In Kotel he received his primary education at the cell school of Stoiko Vladislavov and Raino Popovich. He went further to Bucharest where he entered the school of Greek educator Konstantin Vardalach. The latter, a famous for his time pedagogue and encyclopedist, had influenced a lot for the formation of Beron as scientist and philosopher. In 1824 Beron is compelled to leave Bucharest, because he participated in a “Greek plot”, and goes to Brashov, another Rumanian town, where he compiled “The Fish Primer”. This book was fundamental for the Reformation in Bulgaria and an achievement for the young scholar. In 1825 Beron enrolled as a student in Heidelberg University, Germany, where he proceeded philosophy until two years later when he transferred to Munich to study medicine. On the 9 July 1831, after successfully defending a doctoral dissertation, Beron was promoted Doctor in Medicine. Dissertation was in Latin and concerned an operation technique in Obstetrics and Gynecology. The young physician worked in Bucharest and Craiova, but after several years of general practice he quit his job and started merchandise. After fifteen years he made a fortune and went to Paris where he lived as a renter. Here he started a real scientific career. His scope was to entail all the human knowledge by that time and to make a natural philosophy evaluation by creating a new “Panepisteme”. His encyclopedic skills were remarkable. -
History of the Turkish People
June IJPSS Volume 2, Issue 6 ISSN: 2249-5894 2012 _________________________________________________________ History of the Turkish people Vahid Rashidvash* __________________________________________________________ Abstract The Turkish people also known as "Turks" (Türkler) are defined mainly as being speakers of Turkish as a first language. In the Republic of Turkey, an early history text provided the definition of being a Turk as "any individual within the Republic of Turkey, whatever his faith who speaks Turkish, grows up with Turkish culture and adopts the Turkish ideal is a Turk." Today the word is primarily used for the inhabitants of Turkey, but may also refer to the members of sizeable Turkish-speaking populations of the former lands of the Ottoman Empire and large Turkish communities which been established in Europe (particularly in Germany, France, and the Netherlands), as well as North America, and Australia. Key words: Turkish people. History. Culture. Language. Genetic. Racial characteristics of Turkish people. * Department of Iranian Studies, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Republic of Armeni. A Monthly Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International e-Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories Indexed & Listed at: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory ©, U.S.A., Open J-Gage, India as well as in Cabell’s Directories of Publishing Opportunities, U.S.A. International Journal of Physical and Social Sciences http://www.ijmra.us 118 June IJPSS Volume 2, Issue 6 ISSN: 2249-5894 2012 _________________________________________________________ 1. Introduction The Turks (Turkish people), whose name was first used in history in the 6th century by the Chinese, are a society whose language belongs to the Turkic language family (which in turn some classify as a subbranch of Altaic linguistic family. -
Politics of Balance
CENTRE INTERNATIONAL DE FORMATION EUROPEENNE INSTITUT EUROPEEN DES HAUTES ETUDES INTERNATIONALES Academic Year 2005 – 2006 Politics of Balance The Conjuncture of Ethnic Party Formation and Development in Romania and Bulgaria Lilla Balázs M.A. Thesis in Advanced European and International Studies Academic Supervisor MATTHIAS WAECHTER Director of the DHEEI Nice, June 2006 1 Contents 1. Introduction 2. The Emergence of the Two Ethnic Parties 2.1. The Birth of New Nation States 2.2. Romania: Revolution and the “Morning After” 2.2.1. Timisoara and the Fall of Ceausescu 2.2.2. The “Morning After” and Formation of the DAHR 2.3. Bulgaria: Revolution and the “Morning After” 2.3.1. The Fall of Zhivkov 2.3.2. The “Morning After” and Formation of the MRF 3. Politics of Balance: the Two Parties at a Closer Look 3.1. The DAHR and the MRF: Two Ethnic Parties in Context 3.1.1. Ethnic Parties 3.1.2. The Context of Minority Ethnic Parties 3.2. The DAHR and its Context 3.2.1. The DAHR—Ethnic Organization in National Politics 3.2.2. The DAHR in Context 3.3. The MRF and its Context 2 3.3.1. The MRF—Ethnic Party of a National Type 3.3.2. The MRF in Context 3.4. Ethnic Party Politics: Politics of Balance 4. The Dynamic of Ethnic Party Politics in Romania and Bulgaria 4.1. The DAHR and Political Developments in Romania 4.1.1. Radicalism and Isolation: 1992-1996 4.1.2. Electoral Revolution and Participation: 1996-2000 4.1.3. -
CM(99)138 Addendum 2
COUNCIL CONSEIL OF EUROPE DE L'EUROPE Committee of Ministers Ministers ' Deputies CM Documents 689Meeting, 24[-25] November 1999 6 Social and economic questions 6.1 European population committee (CDPO) The demographic characteristics of national minorities in certain European States The demographic characteristics of the main ethnic/national minorities in Bulgaria CM(99)138 Addendum(restricted) 2 27 October 1999 Internet : www.coe.fr/cmline (password access) Intranet : home/cmline Table of contents I. Historical and statistical overview....................................................................................3 1. Hi stori cal B ackground ..............................................................................................3 2. Historical Formation of the Major Ethnic/Minority groups ..................................4 3. Sources of Information and the Reliability of Statistical Data on Ethnic/ Minority Groups...................................................................................................... 6 4. Concepts and Definitions of Nationality and Ethnic/Minority Group ................ 10 5. International Conventions for Population Exchange ............................................11 H. The demographic situation of ethnic/minority groups...............................................13 1. Population Size and Growth .................................................................................. 13 2. Age and Sex Composition ......................................................................................18 -
Politics, Environment, and the Rule of Law in Bulgaria
Articles POLITICS, ENVIRONMENT, AND THE RULE OF LAW IN BULGARIA JAMES FRIEDBERG* BRANIMIR ZAIMOV** I. INTRODUCTION The newly aspiring pluralist democracies of Eastern and Central Europe seek civil societies governed by the Rule of Law' and natural environments cleansed of the toxins produced during the Soviet years. These two goals are related and both are uncertain of achievement. Observers from the West and participants from the East hailed the mostly peaceful revolutions of 1989-91 as signaling the advent of the Rule of Law, in triumph over the arbitrary bureaucratic discretion of Communist Party regimes.2 The Communist Party may have fallen throughout the region, but conditions are still problematic for a true Rule of Law. The evils of partisanship, corruption, and bureaucratic arbitrariness are often embedded in the political cultures of these countries, impeding the movement toward democracy and principled * Professor of Law, West Virginia University; Faculty Associate, W.V.U. Regional Research Institute; Co-Investigator, John D. and Katherine T. MacArthur Foundation Bulgarian Environmental Project. B.A. 1972, Temple University; J.D. 1975, Harvard Law School. Professor Friedberg thanks his research assistant, Asad Khan, for his help in editing this paper. Due to the scarcity of Bulgarian sources, the authors take full responsibility for all citations to Bulgarian language materials. ** International Law Department, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bulgaria; currently First Secretary, Embassy of Bulgaria to the United Kingdom. Mr. Zaimov has contributed to this paper in his private, and not his official, capacity. 1. Kjell Engelbrekt, Toward the Rule of Law: Bulgaria, 1 RFE/RL Res. Rep. -
Institute of Philisophy and Sociology at Bas (Ips-Bas)
INSTITUTE OF PHILISOPHY AND SOCIOLOGY AT BAS (IPS-BAS) Social Theories, Strategies and Prognoses Department ANI DIMITROVA DIMITROVA THE INSTITUTION PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF BULGARIA 1992 -2017 (Problems and Prospects) ABSTRACT of the dissertation for obtaining the educational and scientific degree "PhD" in the scientific specialty 2.3. "Philosophy" (Philosophy of Politics) Scientific consultant: Prof. DSc Ivan Katsarski Sofia, 2020 CONTENTS I. General characteristics of the dissertation 1. Relevance of the problems ………………………………………………………. 4 2. Main thesis, object and subject of the dissertation description ………………. 4 3. Purpose and main tasks of all this ……….......…………………………………. 5 4. Content Methods ……………………………………………………...…………...6 5. Degree and development of the problem ……………………………………….. 7 6. Volume and structure of the exhibition ………………………………………… 8 Content of dissertation Introduction …………………………………………………………………………. 9 Chapter One: Head of State Institute. Characteristics and varieties …………… 9 Chapter Two: The Head of State Institute in Bulgaria. Background …………………………………………………………..…………………………..... 15 Chapter Three: Philosophy of the President's Powers …………………………… 20 Chapter Four: Implementing the philosophy at stake in the Presidential Institution ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 24 Chapter Five - Prospects for the Institute President ……………………………. 27 Conclusion ………………………………………………………………………….. 30 ANSWERS TO THE TITLARS FROM THE DISSERTATION WORK QUESTIONS Summary of an interview with President Dr. Zhelyu Zhelev …………………… 32 Summary of -
Bulgarians and Jews Throughout History
Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe Volume 22 Issue 6 Article 2 12-2002 Bulgarians and Jews throughout History Pavel Stefanov Shoumen University, Bulgaria Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/ree Part of the Christianity Commons, and the Eastern European Studies Commons Recommended Citation Stefanov, Pavel (2002) "Bulgarians and Jews throughout History," Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe: Vol. 22 : Iss. 6 , Article 2. Available at: https://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/ree/vol22/iss6/2 This Article, Exploration, or Report is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Commons @ George Fox University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe by an authorized editor of Digital Commons @ George Fox University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. BULGARIANS AND JEWS THROUGHOUT HISTORY Archimandrite Pavel Stefanov Archimandrite Dr. Pavel Stefanov is an Associate Professor in Church history, History of Religions and History of the NRMs at Shoumen University in Bulgaria, (email: [email protected].) Dr. Stefanov’s book (in Bulgarian) on the history of the Russian Orthodox Church in the 20th century was reviewed in REE, XVIII, 5 (October 1998), 31-32. Slaves lie but free men tell the truth Apolonius of Tyana A persistent myth which still haunts official Bulgarian historiography and national psyche is that Bulgarians, unlike their unruly Balkan neighbours, are incapable of chauvinism and racism.1 This self-righteous stance which makes Bulgarians exclusive and unique is clearly a product of an inferiority complex. It was shattered once again on 3rd October 2002 when CSKA, one of the leading Bulgarian soccer teams, met Blackburn. -
CURRICULUM VITAE ZHELYU ZHELEV, Phd, Dsc Personal: Born
CURRICULUM VITAE ZHELYU ZHELEV, PhD, DSc Personal: Born on 3 March 1935 in Vesselinovo, small village in Northeast Bulgaria. Married, one daughter. Professional career and qualifications: 1958 Diploma for higher studies in philosophy from Sofia University. 1961-1964 Student with a fellowship at Sofia University. 1964-1972 Fellowship in Sofia University - withdrawn for dissent from the communist dogma. Banished from the capital Sofia and forced to live in the countryside because of his dissertation work: “Philosophical definition of the matter and the contemporary natural science” where he criticised the Lenin’s definition of the matter. .1972-1974 Research Fellow at the Institute for Amateur Art in Sofia. Prepares a second defence of Ph.D. degree. 1974 Ph.D. degree for a thesis on dialectics (The Modal Categories). 1975-1989 Senior Research Fellow at the Institute for Culture. 1987 D.Sc. degree for the monograph “Relational Theory of the Personality” Political career: 1988 Main originator and co-founder of the Club for Glasnost and Perestroika – reason to be undertaken new repressive measures against him. 1989 Fired from the Institute for Culture for his dissident activities. 7 Dec. 1989 Co-founder of the Union of Democratic Forces (Union of all opposition parties and movements). Elected the first Chairman of the UDF’s Coordinating 1 Council; June 1990 Elected member of the Grand National Assembly. Elected Chairman of the UDF Parliamentary Group. 1 August 1990 Elected President of the Republic of Bulgaria by the Grand National Assembly. 19 January 1992 Re-elected President for a five-year term by direct popular vote under the newly adopted Constitution of Bulgaria. -
Theorising Return Migration
ROBERT SCHUMAN CENTRE FOR ADVANCED STUDIES TOLERANCE AND CULTURAL DIVERSITY DISCOURSES IN BULGARIA Marko Hajdinjak and Maya Kosseva with Antonina Zhelyazkova International Center for Minority Studies and Intercultural Relations (IMIR) Sofia, Bulgaria 2012/21 5. New Knowledge Country Synthesis Reports EUROPEAN UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE, FLORENCE ROBERT SCHUMAN CENTRE FOR ADVANCED STUDIES TOLERANCE AND CULTURAL DIVERSITY DISCOURSES IN BULGARIA Marko Hajdinjak and Maya Kosseva (with contribution of Antonina Zhelyazkova) IMIR Work Package 5 – New Knowledge on Tolerance and Cultural Diversity in Europe D5.1 Country Synthesis Reports on Tolerance and Cultural diversity - Concepts and Practices © 2012 Marko Hajdinjak, Maya Kosseva, Antonina Zhelyazkova This text may be downloaded only for personal research purposes. Additional reproduction for other purposes, whether in hard copies or electronically, requires the consent of the author(s), editor(s). If cited or quoted, reference should be made to the full name of the author(s), editor(s), the title, the research project, the year and the publisher. Published by the European University Institute Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies Via dei Roccettini 9 50014 San Domenico di Fiesole - Italy ACCEPT PLURALISM Research Project, Tolerance, Pluralism and Social Cohesion: Responding to the Challenges of the 21st Century in Europe European Commission, DG Research Seventh Framework Programme Social Sciences and Humanities grant agreement no. 243837 www.accept-pluralism.eu www.eui.eu/RSCAS/ Available from the EUI institutional repository CADMUS cadmus.eui.eu Tolerance, Pluralism and Social Cohesion: Responding to the Challenges of the 21st Century in Europe (ACCEPT PLURALISM) ACCEPT PLURALISM is a Research Project, funded by the European Commission under the Seventh Framework Program. -
Bulgarian Democracy's Organization Weapon: Political Parties And
An improbable success story in the Balkans Bulgarian Democracy’s Organizational Weapon M. Steven Fish and Robin S. Brooks ne of the most remarkable—and least Muslims, and relations between the two groups in celebrated and understood—political stories Bulgaria were much worse during the Soviet era than Oof the postcommunist region is the relative those between the two groups in Yugoslavia. In short, success of democratization in Bulgaria. Not only has Bulgaria did not enter the postcommunist era as a democratization taken place but democracy has taken leading candidate for robust democratization. Yet hold. Bulgaria has avoided the slide toward democracy came nonetheless, and it appears to be authoritarianism that occurred in Russia, Ukraine, holding, perhaps even deepening. Belarus, Albania, Armenia, and all the countries of After the beginning of the regime change Central Asia in the second half of the 1990s. at the end of the 1980s, Bulgaria did develop one Explaining Bulgaria’s experience is difficult. Most of noteworthy asset: an array of reasonably strong polit- the usual explanations for success do not work. ical parties. Like Romania and Mongolia, arguably Bulgaria does not have a hardy democratic tradition. the postcommunist region’s two other pleasant The brand of Sovietism practiced in Bulgaria was surprises in the realm of democratization, Bulgaria similar to that found in the USSR. Dissent was dealt has had a relatively high rate of popular participation with harshly. In contrast with Hungary or Poland, no in parties. Seven percent of voting-age Bulgarians, 12 substantial political or economic liberalization percent of Romanians, and 20 percent of Mongolians occurred during the 1970s or 1980s.