Institute of Philisophy and Sociology at Bas (Ips-Bas)
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Bulgaria's Perpetual Stagnation Due to Its Negative National Narrative
Claremont Colleges Scholarship @ Claremont CMC Senior Theses CMC Student Scholarship 2021 Maledictum Bulgaricus: Bulgaria’s Perpetual Stagnation Due to its Negative National Narrative and Political Nostalgia Yoana Sidzhimova Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Sidzhimova, Yoana, "Maledictum Bulgaricus: Bulgaria’s Perpetual Stagnation Due to its Negative National Narrative and Political Nostalgia" (2021). CMC Senior Theses. 2645. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/2645 This Open Access Senior Thesis is brought to you by Scholarship@Claremont. It has been accepted for inclusion in this collection by an authorized administrator. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Claremont McKenna College Maledictum Bulgaricus: Bulgaria’s Perpetual Stagnation Due to its Negative National Narrative and Political Nostalgia submitted to Professor Zachary Courser by Yoana Nikolaeva Sidzhimova for Senior Thesis Full Year Thesis 2020 – 2021 May 3, 2021 1 Acknowledgements First, I would like to thank Professor Courser for his guidance throughout my entire journey at CMC. From sitting in his office for our first ever advisor meeting freshman year, having the pleasure to learn and work alongside him in CMC’s Policy Lab, and, finally, completing my thesis with his guidance, my experience at CMC would not have been the same without him there. Thank you for always pushing me and helping me understand the value in a ‘Big Think,’ having my best interests as a both a student and individual at heart, and, most importantly, reminding me the value in slowing down and taking a breather. I have learned so much from you in the past four years. -
Gyors Fordításra Van Szüksége? Kérje Árajánlatunkat
HU EN DE FR 77-ek csoportja Group of 77 Gruppe der 77 groupe des 77 AASM-országok AAMS countries AASM-Staaten pays de l'EAMA a Bíróság ítélete (EU) judgment of the Court (EU) Urteil des Gerichtshofs (EU) arrêt de la Cour (UE) a Bíróság tagja (EU) member of the Court of Justice (EU) Mitglied des Gerichtshofs (EU) membre de la Cour de justice (UE) Stellungnahme des Gerichtshofs a Bíróság véleménye (EU) opinion of the Court of Justice (EU) (EU) avis Cour de justice (UE) a Bizottság elnöke President of the Commission Präsident der EG-Kommission président de la Commission a Bizottság küldöttsége Commission Delegation Abordnung der Kommission délégation de la Commission a Bizottság véleménye opinion of the Commission Stellungnahme der Kommission avis de la Commission ABM-szerződés ABM Agreement ABM-Vertrag accord ABM abortusz abortion Abtreibung avortement Abruzzók Abruzzi Abruzzen Abruzzes abszolút többség absolute majority absolute Mehrheit majorité absolue a büntetés végrehajtásának felfüggesztése suspension of sentence Strafaussetzung suspension de peine acél steel Stahl acier Regionen der Tschechischen a Cseh Köztársaság régiói regions of the Czech Republic Republik régions de la République tchèque Länder der Pazifischen a Csendes-óceáni Közösség országa countries of the Pacific Community Gemeinschaft pays de la Communauté du Pacifique adatátvitel data transmission Datenübertragung transmission de données adatátviteli hálózat transmission network Übertragungsnetz réseau de transmission adatbázis database Datenbasis base de données système -
Vladimir Paounovsky
THE B ULGARIAN POLICY TTHE BB ULGARIAN PP OLICY ON THE BB ALKAN CCOUNTRIESAND NN ATIONAL MM INORITIES,, 1878-19121878-1912 Vladimir Paounovsky 1.IN THE NAME OF THE NATIONAL IDEAL The period in the history of the Balkan nations known as the “Eastern Crisis of 1875-1879” determined the international political development in the region during the period between the end of 19th century and the end of World War I (1918). That period was both a time of the consolidation of and opposition to Balkan nationalism with the aim of realizing, to a greater or lesser degree, separate national doctrines and ideals. Forced to maneuver in the labyrinth of contradictory interests of the Great Powers on the Balkan Peninsula, the battles among the Balkan countries for superiority of one over the others, led them either to Pyrrhic victories or defeats. This was particularly evident during the 1912-1913 Balkan Wars (The Balkan War and The Interallied War) and World War I, which was ignited by a spark from the Balkans. The San Stefano Peace Treaty of 3 March, 1878 put an end to the Russo-Turkish War (1877-1878). According to the treaty, an independent Bulgarian state was to be founded within the ethnographic borders defined during the Istanbul Conference of December 1876; that is, within the framework of the Bulgarian Exarchate. According to the treaty the only loss for Bulgaria was the ceding of North Dobroujda to Romania as compensa- tion for the return of Bessarabia to Russia. The Congress of Berlin (June 1878), however, re-consid- ered the Peace Treaty and replaced it with a new one in which San Stefano Bulgaria was parceled out; its greater part was put under Ottoman control again while Serbia was given the regions around Pirot and Vranya as a compensation for the occupation of Novi Pazar sancak (administrative district) by Austro-Hun- - 331 - VLADIMIR P AOUNOVSKY gary. -
Economic Constitutions”
RUSSIAN LAW JOURNAL Volume VI (2018) Issue 3 A BRIEF HISTORICAL AND LEGAL ESSAY ON “ECONOMIC CONSTITUTIONS” IGOR LEVAKIN, MGIMO University (Moscow, Russia) DARIA TRIFONOVA, Lomonosov Moscow State University (Moscow, Russia) DOI: 10.17589/2309-8678-2018-6-3-172-199 This article explores constitutional regulation as it relates to the foundation of economic relations. The proper norms and divisions of the basic laws (constitutions) of states are analyzed from the historical and legal point of view: the authors develop an idea of “economic constitutions.” This conception is based on the ideas of American and European economists and lawyers, including the works of the Nobel-prize winner James Buchanan, the author of the conception of “constitutional economy.” The analysis of the individual, the most obvious norms of “economic constitutions” is made in their evolution. The common regularities of formation, development, and functioning of “economic constitutions” are researched. “Economic constitutions” are considered as the immanent legal expression of material conditions of life of communities. The research is based on the criteria of the correspondence of “economic constitutions” with the demands of social economic development of state organized communities. The genesis of “economic constitutions” of the USA, France, Germany and other states, for example, Latin American states are researched. Special attention is paid to “economic constitutions” of socialist and postsocialist states, especially to the “economic constitution” of the Russian Federation. The peculiarities in the development of the newest “economic constitutions” based on the basic laws of Finland and Switzerland are revealed. The authors develop an idea that “economic constitutions” are not limited to the questions of the influence of astate on an economy and of the determination of the borders of state regulation. -
IDENTITY CONFLICT in BULGARIA: the DYNAMICS of NON-VIOLENCE By
IDENTITY CONFLICT IN BULGARIA: THE DYNAMICS OF NON-VIOLENCE by Osman Koray Ertaş A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of George Mason University in Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Conflict Analysis and Resolution Committee: Committee Chair Graduate Program Director Dean, School for Conflict Analysis and Resolution Date: Fall Semester 2016 George Mason University Fairfax, VA Identity Conflict in Bulgaria: The Dynamics of Non-Violence A Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at George Mason University by Osman Koray Ertaş Master of Arts University of Sussex, 1997 Director: Karina Korostelina, Professor Department of Conflict Analysis and Resolution Fall Semester 2016 George Mason University Fairfax, VA This work is licensed under a creative commons attribution-noderivs 3.0 unported license. ii DEDICATION This dissertation is dedicated to my dear sons Burak, Alp, and Kagan. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank many friends and supporters who have made this happen. The biggest credit should go to my advisor, Prof. Karina Korostelina, who patiently assisted me during this long and difficult period. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Page List of Tables ................................................................................................................... vii List of Figures ................................................................................................................. viii List of Abbreviations -
Politics, Environment, and the Rule of Law in Bulgaria
Articles POLITICS, ENVIRONMENT, AND THE RULE OF LAW IN BULGARIA JAMES FRIEDBERG* BRANIMIR ZAIMOV** I. INTRODUCTION The newly aspiring pluralist democracies of Eastern and Central Europe seek civil societies governed by the Rule of Law' and natural environments cleansed of the toxins produced during the Soviet years. These two goals are related and both are uncertain of achievement. Observers from the West and participants from the East hailed the mostly peaceful revolutions of 1989-91 as signaling the advent of the Rule of Law, in triumph over the arbitrary bureaucratic discretion of Communist Party regimes.2 The Communist Party may have fallen throughout the region, but conditions are still problematic for a true Rule of Law. The evils of partisanship, corruption, and bureaucratic arbitrariness are often embedded in the political cultures of these countries, impeding the movement toward democracy and principled * Professor of Law, West Virginia University; Faculty Associate, W.V.U. Regional Research Institute; Co-Investigator, John D. and Katherine T. MacArthur Foundation Bulgarian Environmental Project. B.A. 1972, Temple University; J.D. 1975, Harvard Law School. Professor Friedberg thanks his research assistant, Asad Khan, for his help in editing this paper. Due to the scarcity of Bulgarian sources, the authors take full responsibility for all citations to Bulgarian language materials. ** International Law Department, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bulgaria; currently First Secretary, Embassy of Bulgaria to the United Kingdom. Mr. Zaimov has contributed to this paper in his private, and not his official, capacity. 1. Kjell Engelbrekt, Toward the Rule of Law: Bulgaria, 1 RFE/RL Res. Rep. -
3, Pirotska Street, 2 Floor, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria; Tel: +359884906901
ASSOCIATION FOR CULTURAL INTERACTION Address: 3, Pirotska street, 2nd floor, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria; Tel: +359884906901 ; e-mail: [email protected] 2012 OSCE Human Dimension Implementation Meeting (Warsaw, October 2, 2012) Background document to: Working session XII-XIII (Rights of persons belonging to national minorities, including: Address by the OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities;National minorities; Preventing aggressive nationalism, racism and chauvinism) The rights and circumstances of the Turks in Bulgaria After the Liberation of Bulgaria, a process of consolidation of the Muslim-Turkish minority began within the Turkish population that remained within the boundaries of the Third Bulgarian State during the second half of XIX century. The minority rights of the Muslim community were proved on the grounds of some international and bilateral agreements such as the Berlin Treaty (1878), the Istanbul Protocol (1909), the Peace Treaty of 1913, which were signed between Bulgaria and Turkey and these rights were strengthened as well by the Bulgarian legislation, especially the Tarnovo Constitution. They defined the basic civil, cultural and religious rights. Under these new conditions the Turkish-Muslim minority started to create its cultural and religious institutions, thanks to which it preserved and developed its identity. Above all things, the religious and educational institutions were restored and expanded. They began to adopt in time Bulgaria as their motherland and felt members of the state. They show consideration to its culture, values and traditions. Towards the mid 40-ies of XX century a new period began in the history of the Bulgarian nation as well as in the history of the Muslim minority that was the period of the totalitarian regime over the Muslim minority which dominated the idea for the ethic clearing and the assimilation trends. -
Judicial Law-Making in European Constitutional Courts; First Edition
5 The Constitutional Court of the Republic of Bulgaria as a law-maker Martin Belov and Aleksandar Tsekov 1 Legal status of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Bulgaria Both the Constitutional Court (CC) and constitutional control are among the great novelties introduced by the 1991 Constitution. Until 1991, neither cen- tralized control for constitutionality concentrated in the Supreme Court, CC or constitutional council, nor diffuse control for constitutionality accomplished by all courts, existed in the Bulgarian constitutional order. There have been some sug- gestions in legal theory for the establishment of constitutional control during the Tarnovo Constitution (1879–1947), but they remained isolated opinions. Thus, the provision of control for constitutionality became possible only after the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989. In fact, it became not only possible, but even inevitable, due to several reasons. First, all Central and Eastern European states have adopted a centralized model for constitutional control structured around the CC. The Bulgarian constitutional legislator joined this common trend. Indeed, the 1991 Bulgarian Constitution was the first entirely new post-communist constitu- tion adopted in Central and Eastern Europe. However, the trend in favour of the establishment of centralized control for constitutionality accomplished by a CC was already visible. Second, this type of control for constitutionality was already well established in most of the Western and Southern European countries. This is particularly true for Italy whose model has been chosen as the main prototype for shaping the Bulgarian CC. Third, the founding fathers and mothers of the 1991 Constitution were generally aware of the fact that control for constitutionality is a cornerstone of the principle of rule of law, which they enshrined in the constitu- tional axiology of the current Bulgarian Constitution. -
Nominalia of the Bulgarian Rulers an Essay by Ilia Curto Pelle
Nominalia of the Bulgarian rulers An essay by Ilia Curto Pelle Bulgaria is a country with a rich history, spanning over a millennium and a half. However, most Bulgarians are unaware of their origins. To be honest, the quantity of information involved can be overwhelming, but once someone becomes invested in it, he or she can witness a tale of the rise and fall, steppe khans and Christian emperors, saints and murderers of the three Bulgarian Empires. As delving deep in the history of Bulgaria would take volumes upon volumes of work, in this essay I have tried simply to create a list of all Bulgarian rulers we know about by using different sources. So, let’s get to it. Despite there being many theories for the origin of the Bulgars, the only one that can show a historical document supporting it is the Hunnic one. This document is the Nominalia of the Bulgarian khans, dating back to the 8th or 9th century, which mentions Avitohol/Attila the Hun as the first Bulgarian khan. However, it is not clear when the Bulgars first joined the Hunnic Empire. It is for this reason that all the Hunnic rulers we know about will also be included in this list as khans of the Bulgars. The rulers of the Bulgars and Bulgaria carry the titles of khan, knyaz, emir, elteber, president, and tsar. This list recognizes as rulers those people, who were either crowned as any of the above, were declared as such by the people, despite not having an official coronation, or had any possession of historical Bulgarian lands (in modern day Bulgaria, southern Romania, Serbia, Albania, Macedonia, and northern Greece), while being of royal descent or a part of the royal family. -
Brief History of Muslim Community in Bulgaria and Their Problems
BRIEF HISTORY OF MUSLIM COMMUNITY IN BULGARIA AND THEIR PROBLEMS The topic of the side-event: Acts of violence by far–right political partiy ‘Ataka’ against Muslims during the Friday prayer in the Sofia mosque After the Liberation of Bulgaria, a process of consolidation of the Muslim- Turkish minority began within the Turkish population that remained within the boundaries of the Third Bulgarian State during the second half of XIX century. The minority rights of the Muslim community were proved on the grounds of some international and bilateral agreements such as the Berlin Treaty (1878), the Istanbul Protocol (1909), the Peace Treaty of 1913, which were signed between Bulgaria and Turkey and these rights were strengthened as well by the Bulgarian legislation, especially the Tarnovo Constitution. They defined the basic civil, cultural and religious rights. Under these new conditions the Turkish-Muslim minority started to create its cultural and religious institutions, thanks to which it preserved and developed its identity. Above all things, the religious and educational institutions were restored and expanded. They began to adopt in time Bulgaria as their motherland and felt members of the state. They show coinsideration to its culture, values and traditions. Towards the mid 40-ies of XX century a new period began in the history of the Bulgarian nation as well as in the history of the Muslim minority that was the period of the totalitarian regime over the Muslim minority which dominated the idea for the ethic hygiene and the assimilation trends. From the beginning of the 60s, the regime introduced a drastic change in its policy to the minorities. -
CURRICULUM VITAE ZHELYU ZHELEV, Phd, Dsc Personal: Born
CURRICULUM VITAE ZHELYU ZHELEV, PhD, DSc Personal: Born on 3 March 1935 in Vesselinovo, small village in Northeast Bulgaria. Married, one daughter. Professional career and qualifications: 1958 Diploma for higher studies in philosophy from Sofia University. 1961-1964 Student with a fellowship at Sofia University. 1964-1972 Fellowship in Sofia University - withdrawn for dissent from the communist dogma. Banished from the capital Sofia and forced to live in the countryside because of his dissertation work: “Philosophical definition of the matter and the contemporary natural science” where he criticised the Lenin’s definition of the matter. .1972-1974 Research Fellow at the Institute for Amateur Art in Sofia. Prepares a second defence of Ph.D. degree. 1974 Ph.D. degree for a thesis on dialectics (The Modal Categories). 1975-1989 Senior Research Fellow at the Institute for Culture. 1987 D.Sc. degree for the monograph “Relational Theory of the Personality” Political career: 1988 Main originator and co-founder of the Club for Glasnost and Perestroika – reason to be undertaken new repressive measures against him. 1989 Fired from the Institute for Culture for his dissident activities. 7 Dec. 1989 Co-founder of the Union of Democratic Forces (Union of all opposition parties and movements). Elected the first Chairman of the UDF’s Coordinating 1 Council; June 1990 Elected member of the Grand National Assembly. Elected Chairman of the UDF Parliamentary Group. 1 August 1990 Elected President of the Republic of Bulgaria by the Grand National Assembly. 19 January 1992 Re-elected President for a five-year term by direct popular vote under the newly adopted Constitution of Bulgaria. -
Bulgarian Democracy's Organization Weapon: Political Parties And
An improbable success story in the Balkans Bulgarian Democracy’s Organizational Weapon M. Steven Fish and Robin S. Brooks ne of the most remarkable—and least Muslims, and relations between the two groups in celebrated and understood—political stories Bulgaria were much worse during the Soviet era than Oof the postcommunist region is the relative those between the two groups in Yugoslavia. In short, success of democratization in Bulgaria. Not only has Bulgaria did not enter the postcommunist era as a democratization taken place but democracy has taken leading candidate for robust democratization. Yet hold. Bulgaria has avoided the slide toward democracy came nonetheless, and it appears to be authoritarianism that occurred in Russia, Ukraine, holding, perhaps even deepening. Belarus, Albania, Armenia, and all the countries of After the beginning of the regime change Central Asia in the second half of the 1990s. at the end of the 1980s, Bulgaria did develop one Explaining Bulgaria’s experience is difficult. Most of noteworthy asset: an array of reasonably strong polit- the usual explanations for success do not work. ical parties. Like Romania and Mongolia, arguably Bulgaria does not have a hardy democratic tradition. the postcommunist region’s two other pleasant The brand of Sovietism practiced in Bulgaria was surprises in the realm of democratization, Bulgaria similar to that found in the USSR. Dissent was dealt has had a relatively high rate of popular participation with harshly. In contrast with Hungary or Poland, no in parties. Seven percent of voting-age Bulgarians, 12 substantial political or economic liberalization percent of Romanians, and 20 percent of Mongolians occurred during the 1970s or 1980s.