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AQUACULTURE in WELSH OFFSHORE WIND FARMS: a Feasibility Study Into Potential Shellfish Cultivation in Offshore Wind Farm Sites

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AQUACULTURE in WELSH OFFSHORE WIND FARMS: a Feasibility Study Into Potential Shellfish Cultivation in Offshore Wind Farm Sites Aquafish Solutions Limited Aquaculture and Fisheries Research, Consultancy & Training AQUACULTURE IN WELSH OFFSHORE WIND FARMS: A feasibility study into potential shellfish cultivation in offshore wind farm sites FINAL REPORT For: The Shellfish Association Of Great Britain PROJECT REF. ID: 71 Shellfish Aquaculture in Welsh Offshore Wind Farms _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ TITLE: AQUACULTURE IN WELSH OFFSHORE WIND FARMS: A feasibility study into potential shellfish cultivation in offshore wind farm sites FOR: THE SHELLFISH ASSOCIATION OF GREAT BRITAIN VERSION: FR1.1 AUTHORS STATED USING THE PCI APPROACH (AS DESCRIBED ON PAGE 3): MARTIN SYVRET 1; ANDREW FITZGERALD 2; MARK GRAY 3; JAMES WILSON 4; MATTHEW ASHLEY 5; CATRIN ELLIS JONES 6 1. Aquafish Solutions Limited, 62 Harrington Lane, Exeter, Devon EX4 8NS E-mail: [email protected] 2. 77 St. Maurice Road, Plympton, Plymouth, Devon PL7 1NU E-mail: [email protected] 3. Deepdock Ltd., Bwthyn-y-mor, Llanfaethlu, Anglesey LL65 4HD E-mail: [email protected] 4. Sea Fish Industry Authority, P.O. Box 158, Bangor LL57 9AE E-mail: [email protected] 5. Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, Plymouth, Devon PL1 3DH E-mail: [email protected] 6. Sunnyview, Heol Merthyr, Gofilon, Y Fenni, Abergavenny NP79PT E-mail: [email protected] OCTOBER 2013 Suggested Citation: Syvret, M., FitzGerald, A., Gray, M., Wilson, J., Ashley, M. and Ellis Jones, C., 2013. Aquaculture in Welsh Offshore Wind Farms: A feasibility study into potential cultivation in offshore wind farm sites . Report for the Shellfish Association of Great Britain, 250p. AUTHORS NOTE AND DISCLAIMER This study has been undertaken on behalf of The Shellfish Association of Great Britain and is funded by Welsh Government and the European Fisheries Fund. This study is intended as a guidance document to assist the aquaculture industry, working with the renewable energy sector, in developing shellfish aquaculture in Welsh offshore wind farms. The views expressed in this report are those of the Authors and are not therefore necessarily representative of the Funders, Project Partners or Stakeholders. The Authors as individuals or as Aquafish Solutions Limited cannot be held responsible for any consequences arising from the use of this Report. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Page 2 of 250 PROJECT REF. ID: 71 Shellfish Aquaculture in Welsh Offshore Wind Farms _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ PROJECT TEAM, ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS AND AUTHORSHIP Project Team: Listed in alphabetical order of surname; Matthew Ashley - PhD Student, Plymouth Marine Laboratory Catrin Ellis Jones – Catrin Ellis Associates Andrew FitzGerald Mark Gray – Sea Fish Industry Authority Martin Syvret – Aquafish Solutions Ltd. James Wilson – Deepdock Ltd. Acknowledgements: The Project Team would like to express their sincere thanks to the Project Partners and Stakeholders (detailed in Appendix 5) for all their efforts and contributions throughout this project. Thanks also in particular to Prof. Bela Buck and Dr. Gesche Krause of the Alfred Wegener Institute in Bremerhaven for their insights into the development of co-location in German offshore wind farms. We would also like to thank and acknowledge the contribution made by the following: Tom Rossiter (Succorfish) Ingvar Erlingsson (Hafbor) Roger Covey (Natural England) Steve Driver (Northern Lighthouse Board) Captain Nick Dodson (Trinity House) Annie Linley (UOS) John Holmyard (Offshore Shellfish Ltd.) Alex Tancock (Windprosect) Jovy Tam (ERL) Hauge Pedersen, Aksel & Vindahl Kringelum, Jon (Dong Energy) CONFIRM Andrew Prior (Dong Energy) Andy Roper (Greater Wash Fishermen’s Representative) Christian Dahlke (BSH) Authorship and Contributions: Listed in order of preceding page using PCI (percentage-contribution–indicated) approach to author sequencing. Where section contributions are numerically equal then authors are placed in alphabetical order by surname. No differentiation is made between primary or contributory authorship; Martin Syvret - Primary Author of Sections 2, 3, 5 and 9. Contributory Author to Sections 1 and 10. Andrew FitzGerald – Primary Author of Sections 6, 7, 8 and 10. Contributory Author to Section 9. Mark Gray - Contributory Author to Sections 3, 4C, 8 and 9. James Wilson – Contributory Author to Sections 2, 3, 4C and 8. Matthew Ashley – Primary Author of Sections 4A, 4B and 4C. Catrin Ellis Jones – Primary Author of Section 1. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Page 3 of 250 PROJECT REF. ID: 71 Shellfish Aquaculture in Welsh Offshore Wind Farms _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ RECORD OF STUDY DEVELOPMENT Version Date Reason for Change Primary Author(s) WD1.0 13 May 2013 Working Draft – Version 1.0 – ASL/CEJ Sections 1 to 1 WD2.0 01 June 2013 Working Draft – Version 2.0 – ASL/CEJ Sections 1 to 2 WD3.0 15 June 2013 Working Draft – Version 3.0 – ASL/CEJ Sections 1 to 3 WD4.0 25 June 2013 Working Draft – Version 4.0 – ASL/CEJ/MA Sections 1 to 5 WD5.0 04 July 2013 Working Draft – Version 5.0 – ASL/CEJ/MA/AF Sections 1 to 10 WD6.0 08 July 2013 Working Draft – Version 6.0 – ASL/CEJ/MA/AF Sections 1 to 10 + Exec. Summary + Appendices WD7.0 12 August 2013 Working Draft – Version 7.0 – ASL/CEJ/MA/AF As WD6.0 + Feedback + Ref.s + editing etc. FR1.0 20 August 2013 Final Report – Version 1.0 – ASL/CEJ/MA/AF FR1.1 07 October 2013 Final Report – Version 1.1 – ASL/CEJ/MA/AF _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Page 4 of 250 PROJECT REF. ID: 71 Shellfish Aquaculture in Welsh Offshore Wind Farms _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ TABLE OF CONTENTS A Table of Contents is shown below. Section titles and main sub-section headings are given by page number. A list of Figure and Table Numbers follows the Table of Contents. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................. 13 SECTION 1 – CO-LOCATION PROJECT ORIGINS AND OVERVIEW ........................... 16 1.1 Project Overview .................................................................................................. 16 1.2 Project Deliverables ............................................................................................. 16 1.3 Why Co-locate Aquaculture and Offshore Wind Farms? .................................. 17 1.3.1 Co-location ............................................................................................................... 17 1.3.2 Co-location from an Aquaculture Perspective ....................................................... 17 1.4 Exploration of the Opportunities and Challenges Arising from Co-location ... 18 1.4.1 Advantages and Challenges of Co-location to Aquaculture ................................. 18 1.4.2 Advantages and Challenges of Co-location to Developers and Operators of Offshore Wind Farms ............................................................................................................ 18 1.4.3 Common Ground and Mutual Benefits .................................................................. 19 1.5 The Political Context in Wales ............................................................................ 20 SECTION 2 – REVIEW OF SHELLFISH AQUACULTURE OPPORTUNITIES IN OFFSHORE WIND FARMS ............................................................................................. 21 2.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 21 2.2 Pacific Oyster Cultivation .................................................................................... 23 2.2.1 Overview and Background to Cultivation Activities in the UK .............................. 23 2.2.2 Harvesting Classification and Shellfish Hygiene ................................................... 25 2.2.3 Production Levels and Techniques ........................................................................ 27 2.2.4 Potential Interaction Type / Level with Offshore Wind Farms .............................. 33 2.2.5 Economics and Markets .......................................................................................... 34 2.3 Native Oyster Cultivation ..................................................................................... 36 2.3.1 Overview and Background to Cultivation Activities in the UK .............................. 36 2.3.2 Harvesting Classification and Shellfish Hygiene ................................................... 38 2.3.3 Production Levels and Techniques ........................................................................ 38 2.3.4 Potential Interaction Type / Level with Offshore Wind Farms .............................. 42 2.3.5 Economics and Markets .......................................................................................... 42 2.4 Mussel Cultivation ............................................................................................... 44 2.4.1 Overview ................................................................................................................... 44 2.4.2 Harvesting Classifications and Hygiene ...............................................................
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