2 0 0 6 VOLUME 1 • NUMBER 5

VISITORVMONTEZUMAI WELLS • MONTEZUMAIT CASTLEO NATIONALR MONUMENT GGUIDE • TUZUIGOOT NAITIONADL MONUMEENT Welcome To The Monuments Of The 1906: It Was a Very Good Year! Verde Valley HONORING 100 YEARS OF MONTEZUMA CASTLE The Verde Valley, lying under the spectacular NATIONAL MONUMENT AND THE ANTIQUITIES ACT pine-clad cliffs of the Mogollon Rim of central Arizona, forms an immense biological milestone in the administrative history transition between desert, grassland and forest vegetation zones. and stewardship of Montezuma Castle As the seasons change, this endangered A will be observed on December 8, 2006: riparian or streamside habitat of the Verde one hundred years ago, President Theodore River serves as a migration corridor for many Roosevelt proclaimed the site one of the United animals traveling from summer to winter State’s fi rst National Monuments. ranges in the south. But for thousands of The legislation that granted the president sole years, the Verde Valley was also a haven for authority to designate such areas of signifi cant the movement of people, providing the food historic and scientifi c interest is the Antiquities and water all life needs for survival. Act of 1906. Signed into law on June 8, 1906, The National Monuments of the Verde the Antiquities Act has been praised as the Valley —Montezuma Castle, Montezuma most signifi cant piece of legislation to protect Well and Tuzigoot —protect and interpret the legacy of the Sinagua, an Ancestral the rapidly disappearing cultural and natural Pueblo people who fl ourished in the area for resources on public lands. centuries, long before Columbus claimed to The Expanding West have discovered this New World. Early Preservation: In 1897, the Arizona Antiquarian Society Montezuma Castle has been described as In the early to mid-1800s, vast expanses of erected a metal roof to cover exposed areas of Montezuma Castle. the best preserved and most dramatic cliff land were added to the new nation with the Dedicated members also installed long iron rods to stabilize areas dwelling in the United States. Montezuma Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo and the Gadsden that were in danger of collapse, and built ladders, improving Well is a natural limestone sinkhole with Purchase. As the race to claim homesteads in the access to the site. This photo shows these improvements before prehistoric sites and several animal species West accelerated, the Civil War and confl icts with Montezuma Castle became a National Monument in 1906. found nowhere else in the world. Tuzigoot the indigenous American Indian tribes slowed Photo from the Bradshaw Family Collection, Sedona, Arizona. is the remains of a 110-room pueblo perched the quest for good ranch and farm land. on a high ridge with a panoramic view of the In the 1870’s, archeology was a fl edgling science in Following the Civil War, the surge toward the new the United States; up until this time, most people had Verde River. territory resumed. Families displaced by the confl ict and This is a very special year for Montezuma nominal interest in preservation and less resources to European immigrants fl eeing from political upheaval Castle. On December 8, 1906, President devote to philanthropic concerns. Theodore Roosevelt established the site as and famine sought a new beginning. War veterans from a National Monument, declaring it, “of the both sides were sent to western outposts with orders Looting of Sites greatest ethnological value and scientifi c to protect the newly-arriving settlers and subjugate the As the new immigrants fanned out through the West, native people. interest.” Centennial activities will focus continued on page 7 on the stewardship of Montezuma Castle’s natural and cultural treasures: past, present CONTENTS and future. Today’s visitors marvel at the well-preserved What You Need to Know 2 Area Map 6 Galloping Gomphotheres: Back from Sinagua dwellings, but also allow some time Montezuma Castle 3 Montezuma Well 8 the Ice Age! 11 to experience the oasis of the riparian area. As Park Rangers in 1906: Could you A Gem of Habitats: the Changing Plant Western National Parks Association 12 the seasons change, we invite you to – ENJOY! pass the Test? 4 Life at Montezuma Well 9 — Kathy M. Davis, Superintendent About The Montezuma Castle Nat. Tuzigoot 10 Mon. Centennial Logo 5 Will We See A Rattlesnake? 11 GENERAL INFORMATION

About the Monuments: TUZIGOOT NATIONAL MONUMENT Protect your Monuments EFFECTIVE FEBRUARY 1, 2006: is approximately 20 miles from Interstate • The desert landscape is very fragile. The fee per adult is $5.00. There is no Your First Visit 17 near the town of Clarkdale (see map). Smoking is permitted in designated charge for children 15 and under. A Address: 25 W. Tuzigoot Rd., Clarkdale AZ. areas only. combination ticket to visit Tuzigoot and MONTEZUMA CASTLE NATIONAL Hours are 8am to 6pm in the summer, 8am • All the Monuments are protecting Montezuma Castle is available for $8.00 MONUMENT is 3 miles off Interstate to 5pm in the winter, 7 days a week, closed archeological sites as well as natural per adult, valid for a seven day period. 17 (see map). Address: 2800 Montezuma Christmas Day. Tuzigoot is a 110 room resources. It is against the law to tamper Castle Road, Camp Verde AZ. This is pueblo on a high ridge overlooking the with, deface or remove any artifact, Food and Supplies one of the best preserved prehistoric cliff Verde River. The Visitor Center Museum plant, rock or other natural feature of There are numerous restaurants, dwellings in the United States. Summer houses one of the finest collections of the park. convenience stores, hotels and grocery hours are 8am to 6pm; winter hours are Sinagua artifacts. The fourth of a mile trail • Hiking off the trails can damage the stores in the towns of Camp Verde, Sedona 8am to 5pm, 7 days a week. The flat, paved is rated easy to moderate because there is soil crust — a living groundcover of and Cottonwood. Contact the local trail is an easy third of a mile total loop some elevation gain to reach the site. The lichens, mosses and other organisms. Chambers of Commerce (see listings) for that takes 20 to 30 minutes. The Castle is trail is too steep for wheelchairs but the • Off-road parking or driving is more details. not open to the public but the trail runs Visitor Center and Museum are accessible. prohibited. beneath it with many panoramic views. There are no picnic facilities. • Pets on a short leash are allowed on the Ranger Programs The Visitor Center and most of the trail A separate nature trail, one-half of a trails but must be carried into Visitor The Monuments are designed to be self- are accessible to wheelchairs, with only mile, overlooks Tavasci Marsh, an Centers. Do not leave pets in a vehicle guided, with interpretive signs along the one portion of the trail to “Castle A” that Audubon Society-designated Important during warm weather. Please clean up path. Ranger programs on many topics are is too steep. There is a shaded picnic area, Birding Area. This trail is accessible to after your pet. presented daily if staffing and weather but this is not accessible to wheelchairs. wheelchairs but has some elevation gain. • Camping is prohibited in all areas of the permit. Consult the signboard at the Visitor Detailed information is available on More detailed information is available Monuments. Center for times and locations or ask at the the website at www.nps.gov/moca on the website at www.nps.gov/tuzi • Bicycles, skateboards and any motorized front desk. Phone: 928-567-3322 Phone: 928-634-5564 vehicle other than wheelchairs are not permitted on the trails. The mailing address for all three • Gas stoves are permitted only at the MONTEZUMA WELL is open 8am to 6 monuments is: National Park Service, A Great Way to Montezuma Well picnic pm in the summer and 8am to 5pm during PO Box 219, Camp Verde, Arizona 86322. Experience your the winter, 7 days a week. It is 4 miles off area. No ash producing National Parks and Interstate 17 (see map) and 11 miles from fires are allowed in the Montezuma Castle. Address: 5525 Beaver Protect Yourself Monuments. Monuments For only $50, you can Creek Road, Rimrock AZ. Montezuma • Remember to drink lots of water, use • Please help with trash experience all 384 National Well is a limestone sinkhole formed by sunscreen and wear a hat! If you feel removal and use the waste Parks and Monuments for the collapse of an immense underground thirsty you are already on the way to receptacles. We have an twelve months from date being dehydrated. Be prepared with active recycling program for cavern. Prehistoric dwellings are visible of purchase. The card is along the rim and interpretive signs appropriate footwear and clothing aluminum cans and plastic bottles, with designated available at Montezuma explain the unique ecosystem. The third for temperatures that can exceed 100 Castle or Tuzigoot; by receptacles. Help by removing of a mile trail is easy to moderate with degrees in the summer and below calling 1-800-GOPARKS, the caps from bottles — caps some steps to the rim of the Well. The freezing in the winter. or by visiting the website cannot be recycled. trail is too steep for wheelchairs. Visitors • Please stay on the path. Rattlesnakes live at www.nationalparks.org. For who just want to view the Well should here although they are rarely sighted. an additional $15, you may upgrade allow 20 minutes; walking the entire loop • Remember to lock your car and put Entrance Fees your Park Pass to the “Golden Eagle” trail requires about 45 minutes. There valuables out of sight. Montezuma Castle and Tuzigoot program, allowing access to all Federal is a separate, shaded picnic area with • Handrails are there for your safety; National Monuments have a fee of $5 per fee areas, with some exceptions, in restrooms and is wheelchair accessible. please do not go past them. Rock adult 16 years of age and older. Children 15 the United States. Also available, for a Detailed information is available on surfaces can be slippery; please stay and under are no charge. A combination one-time fee of $10, is the Golden Age the website at www.nps.gov/moca away from any cliff edge. ticket to visit both the Castle and Tuzigoot Pass for citizens or permanent residents Phone: 928-567-4521 is available for $8, good for seven days. of the U.S. who are 62 years of age or Also accepted are the National Parks older. Ask a Ranger for any details about Pass, Golden Age pass, Golden Eagle and these opportunities. Golden Access. If You Love Wild Animals There are no other discounts Accessibility — Don’t Feed Them! available. For information on any of these The National Parks and Monuments are programs, contact a Park Ranger. They look adorable but remember areas of great beauty and significance, Entrance fee waivers are available to squirrels and other wild animals can set aside for all to enjoy. Ask a Ranger if school groups for educational purposes there is any question or concerns about bite! They could be carrying rabies that relate to the Monument visited. accessibility. Audio cassettes and text in or other diseases. Wild animals Submit requests one month in advance Braille are available. More details about can become aggressive if they are to: fee manager, 928-567-3322, ext. 23; FAX trails and the Visitor Centers are available accustomed to humans and human 928-567-3057. under individual Monument descriptions. food. Please enjoy wild animals from a safe distance! Transportation VIP Program Rock Squirrel have been cavorting on There is no public transportation to any of Our volunteers are priceless! The National ledges and begging for food since the the Monuments. The nearest major airport Park Service’s “Volunteers in Parks” Sinagua were here! Please don’t feed is in Phoenix AZ., 100 miles to the south. program gives the public an opportunity them; they can bite and might carry Visitors may also fly into Flagstaff AZ., 50 to share knowledge and experience. Call disease. miles to the north. 928-567-3322, ext.22. Photo by Skip Larson

2 3 MONTEZUMA CASTLE

level. A small ruin above the Castle, on the A popular Marine marching song of the First — it is not a castle, although there is a great top of the cliff, allows views of the entire time referred to the “Halls of Montezuma,” magnificence to this prehistoric American Indian countryside; a sentry would have advance or, Mexico City, center of the Aztec world. warning of anyone entering the area. Inspired, the veterans felt the Aztec king structure. Second — the Aztec emperor Moctezuma Just as important — the Castle is simply had to have been somehow involved! Once a wonderful place to live in all seasons. Montezuma Castle was recorded on early II was never here; the Castle was abandoned at least It is cool in the summer and warm in the maps, the name was accepted. winter. The higher elevation gives some When Fort Verde was established to a century before he was born. relief from biting mosquitoes, juniper subdue and round up the Yavapai and gnats and other pesky vermin. Daily Apache people, a popular outing for officers activities, such as processing food, were and enlisted men was to visit “The Castle.” done on the roof, and most areas have an Depending on the perspective, the Castle inspiring creekfront view! was either a site to preserve—or a treasure chest full of curiosities to take home. Moving Away Very few original artifacts remained Starting around 1380 to 1400, the in 1906 when President Teddy Roosevelt Sinagua began moving from the area, declared Montezuma Castle a National probably joining relatives in large Monument, but protection of the structure pueblos to the east. As more explanations for future generations was assured. are offered for their departure, more In 1933, “Castle A” was excavated, questions arise. Stress factors may have uncovering a wealth of information and included prolonged drought, disease, and artifacts that expanded our knowledge of nutrient-depleted soil from growing corn. the Sinagua. The Visitor Center displays The departure from Montezuma Castle at Tuzigoot and Montezuma Castle and surrounding ancestral lands had to showcase this culture; a legacy that did not have been very emotional. The ties to the disappear but is still alive with the Pueblo land were over centuries and generations people of today. — the decision to leave could only have been out of necessity. By Anne Worthington, National Park Service Guide

People traveling along Beaver Creek would have had this first glimpse of Montezuma The “Halls of Castle, a prehistoric cliff dwelling 100 feet above the floodplain. Montezuma Castle Montezuma” was part of a large, extended community; there are sites approximately every mile In 1874, some of the first Euro- and a half along Verde Valley waterways. Photo by Skip Larson American explorers to see Montezuma This cutaway diagram Castle were veterans of the Mexican- shows how the interior Rising 100 feet above the Beaver Were the residents of Montezuma American War (1846–1848). When they of the Castle was Creek floodplain, Montezuma Castle Castle keeping watch on traders or other entered the Verde Valley and saw the constructed. is a testimony to the resilience and visitors entering the area, or was it simply great cliff dwellings and large pueblos innovations of a people called the a very nice place to live? No one really with standing walls, they didn’t believe “Sinagua,” named after the Spanish term knows. the local indigenous people had the for the San Francisco Peaks, the “Sierra Sin knowledge or ability to construct such Agua” — “the mountain without water.” The Castle imposing structures, and so attributed Montezuma Castle is one of the best- Montezuma Castle is built into a deep them to the Aztecs, whose magnificent preserved cliff dwellings in the United alcove with masonry rooms added in ruins they had seen in Mexico. States. It is 90 percent original despite phases. A thick, substantial roof of years of unauthorized excavation, sycamore beams, reeds, grasses and visitation and even one attempt to blow clay often served as the floor of the apart a wall to collect artifacts. next room built on top. Entrance to most areas was usually from a hole in Origins the roof; a ladder made access easier. Montezuma Castle was not an isolated The 19 rooms could have housed Left: A view of one of two structure where people lived generation 35 to 50 people, conserving precious entryways to Montezuma after generation, having little contact farmland near the creek. Around Castle. Residents would with neighbors. The Castle instead was a the corner was “Castle A,” a site with have entered through the door and then used ladders small, but very dramatic, part of a large 45 to 50 rooms that also hugged the to go from room to room. community of people spread up and limestone cliff. These people were Montezuma Castle is noted down the waterways of the Verde Valley. certainly related, sharing food, for its “T-shaped door,” a As many as 6,000 to 8,000 people may land, friendships; all ties that bind a style favored by Ancestral have lived in the valley in small villages no community. Puebloan people in the Four more than two miles apart. There is little evidence of conflict Corners area but not found Montezuma Castle is located along or warfare but perhaps people felt in central Arizona. No one Beaver Creek, possibly a final leg in more secure living in the Castle. The knows the purpose for this a major prehistoric trade route from series of ladders used to climb to the design – did the Sinagua just northern Arizona. People following this site could be pulled in for the night like the way it looked or did trail were seeking copper, salt, cotton, and there is a panoramic view of the the shape have a function? argillite and other minerals. river and valley from the top parapet Photo by Skip Larson 2 3 Park Ranger Requirements in 1906: Could You Pass the Test?

President Theodore Roosevelt, left, and conservationist John Muir at Yosemite National Park. Muir’s writings, exploration and persistence became the foundation for the National Park Service, established in 1916. Muir is also credited with influencing many of President Roosevelt’s innovative programs on conservation, including the establishment of National Monuments.

Frank Pinkley, park superintendent at Casa Grande National Monument and later superintendent of the 14 national monuments in the southwest, was a tireless advocate for the preservation of Montezuma Castle. A legend in the early years of the National Park Service, Mr. Pinkley would have been able to pass every ranger test!

he concept of a park ranger, build a fire in the rain, read a compass and someone who patrols the land to topographical map, splint a broken bone, protect its resources, goes back treat a snakebite, follow a trail and read A Leader in Preservation! Attorney John Fletcher Lacey of Iowa, left, at least 5,000 years ago. In the Near East landmarks. T introduced the Antiquities Act of and Egypt, absolute rulers had servants If that wasn’t enough, the required field 1906. He was deeply interested in or slaves regularly patrol kingdoms, test might include: saddle, bridle a horse preserving the heritage and protecting game animals from predators— and pack a tent, two blankets, cooking natural resources of the West. human or otherwise. gear and food in a pack not to weigh In Europe, centuries later, vast more 150 pounds; estimate by pacing the forest reserves controlled by the landed distance around a triangular tract of land aristocracy were monitored to keep not less than a half mile. common folk from pilfering firewood or And, most importantly, a park ranger stealing game. By the 1300’s, rangers in had to be able to: dodge a falling rock! England were official officers of the realm. In the “New World” three hundred For more reading: National Park years later, rangers protected fledgling Ranger, An American Icon by Butch settlements from attack. These rangers Farabee, available at the WNPA were often the only law enforcement bookstores or online at www.wnpa.org. officials available to the new settlers. The job description of a park ranger FOR MORE INFORMATION on the has completely reversed from the time Antiquities Act of 1906 and the of absolute monarchies and commoners; history of Montezuma Castle National Monument, visit the cultural resource now it is a park ranger’s duty to protect websites of the National Park Service. the land, its history and natural resources The history website at www.cr.nps.gov/ for the good of all who visit. history features information from In the late 1800’s, when large isolated all areas of the country, with links forest reserves were designated in the to articles. The archeology website: www.cr.nps.gov/archeology offers West, rangers were assigned to patrol the electronic version of NPS historian these remote lands. The first use of the Ronald F. Lee’s history of the Antiquities term park ranger was in 1904 at Sequoia Act of 1906. Hal Rothman’s “America’s National Park, California. National Monuments :The Politics of At the turn of the 20th century, the Preservation”, is a comprehensive history of monuments across the job description of a park ranger required country. The book by historian Josh some expertise that only could be learned Protas, “A Past Preserved in Stone: A with real on the job training. History of Montezuma Castle National Monument”, is a definitive look at To get the coveted position, a ranger Shoring up the Damage: a large part of Montezuma Castle was in danger of Montezuma Castle and is available had to: load a burro, survive a blizzard, through Western National Parks collapse after treasure-seekers dug holes in the rooms. This photo, from the 1920’s, clean and cook a porcupine, skunk or and Monuments, the bookstores or documents the NPS preservation initiative to protect fragile sites continuing today as other available wild animal for survival, www.wnpa.org. the “Vanishing Treasures” program. 4 5 was undermined and the stability of the became the first Monument established site was endangered. by this new authority on Sept. 24, 1906, and on December 8, President Roosevelt Saving the Castle signed the papers for El Morro in New Several concerned citizens realized Mexico and for Petrified Forest and Montezuma Castle and other sites were Montezuma Castle in Arizona. Before about to crumble from the landscape. In President Roosevelt left office in 1909, 1895, the Arizona Antiquarian Society was he signed proclamations establishing 18 organized by Dr. Joshua Miller of Prescott. National Monuments—six cultural sites Dr. Miller and Frank Reid, the society’s and 12 natural areas of scientific interest. vice-president, began a tireless crusade to The preservation and stewardship of raise funds to protect the Castle. Citizens Montezuma Castle National Monument from all over the state donated money, began when scientists, politicians, and and with $150, Dr. Miller’s crew was private landowners were able to put aside able to anchor the structure with iron different agendas for the common good. rods, repair the masonry, and install a One hundred years later, this legacy corrugated tin roof to protect exposed endures as citizens and visitors from areas. Dr. Miller died not long after these around the world experience the nation’s initial repairs were completed, but his 384 parks and monuments. efforts set a precedent to stabilize the site and his personal artifact collection By Anne Worthington became the basis for the newly established National Park Service Guide Arizona State Museum in Tucson. Preserving Landmarks While Arizonans were trying to salvage ABOUT THE MONTEZUMA Montezuma Castle, scientists and CASTLE NAT. MON. concerned lawmakers were debating CENTENNIAL LOGO efforts to preserve other significant landmarks of American heritage. The design of Montezuma Castle National Monument’s Centennial National Parks could only be created by logo unites elements highlighting and Act of Congress. However, many the nature, history and cultural Westerners were deeply suspicious of heritage of mandates they felt were imposed by an this important Eastern establishment trying to deny their prehistoric use of the land. Congressional action did American preserve vast, scenic areas such as Indian site. Yellowstone and Yosemite, but how could The smaller tracts of federal land with terracotta important natural and cultural ��������� exterior of resources be protected? ������ the Castle The debate continued for ����������������� represents years until archaeologist Edgar ����������� ��������� the ongoing Picnic at Montezuma Castle: a day trip to Montezuma Castle, with Lee Hewett used his skills in program of picnic along the banks of Beaver Creek, was a popular outing for politics to draft a bill that had repair, preservation and stewardship soldiers stationed three miles away at Fort Verde, now an Arizona overwhelming support. through the National Park Service’s State Park. Photo from the archives of Sharlot Hall Museum, Prescott, Az. Politicians, scientists and “Vanishing Treasures” initiative. landowners accepted “An Act In the spring and through early for the Preservation of fall, Montezuma Castle is framed in 1906: It Was a Very Good Year! quickly followed by the American Antiquities” the vibrant green hues of the Arizona continued from page 1 establishment of Ft. Verde introduced by Congressman John Sycamore and other lush trees and to enforce the newcomers’ F. Lacey to the House of shrubs along the walkway. The green also represents the endangered a significant observation was made: claims on the land. Representatives and Senator President Theodore riparian, or natural waterway, ancient ruins were found near the best But the military was Thomas Patterson to the Senate. Roosevelt established habitats of Arizona and the green of farmland and precious water sources. also charged to explore This created a new category of Montezuma Castle the setting—the Verde Valley. People began digging in these ruins out these unknown lands and federal preservation— the National Monument. The design of the border, with its of curiosity as well as to find “antiquities” collect information about National Monument. that could be sold to the big museums of the natural resources. Doctors sent to interlocked scroll or frets, is typical the east. Few people had any concept of the military posts were often naturalists An Enduring Legacy of designs found on a pottery type the information and knowledge that was as well. Exploring the countryside was The new law gave the president called “Walnut Black-on-white”. These beautiful ceramics were produced in being lost as they pulled pots and artifacts a favorite pastime for officers as well as authority to bypass Congress and the Hopi Buttes area 100 miles north out of cliff dwellings and pueblo ruins. regular soldiers. Montezuma Castle soon establish a monument as long as the of Holbrook, Az., from around A.D. The sites were on federal land, but they became a favorite leisure destination and smallest portion of land needed to protect 1100 -1300. were not patrolled and government agents a favorite place to dig for curiosities. the site was involved. A fine of up to $500 The abundance of Walnut pottery alarmed at the ever-increasing destruction Two scientists associated with Ft. and six months’ imprisonment could sherds suggests strong and enduring soon discovered there was no legislation Verde, Dr. Edward Palmer and Dr. be imposed on anyone caught illegally relationships between the occupants to halt the looting. Edgar Mearns, had the foresight and digging in sites. Museums and universities of Montezuma Castle and the In Arizona, the Indian tribes were not knowledge to recognize the importance of now had to apply for a permit to excavate, Ancestral Pueblo residents of the giving up ancestral lands without a fight. Montezuma Castle and their excavation sharing artifacts and results of research north; a heritage and legacy that With the discovery of gold and copper notes are crucial to understanding its with the public. continues today. in Prescott in 1862, and the development history. But by the early 1900’s, so many An enthusiastic President Theodore Logo Design: Amanda Summers, of the Chavez Road in 1873, the Verde holes had been dug into the floors and Roosevelt signed the bill into law on Prescott Valley, Az. Valley was opened up to homesteaders, under the walls, that the entire structure June 8, 1906. Devil’s Tower, in Wyoming, 4 5 THINGS TO SEE AND DO IN THE VERDE VALLEY

National Park Service Montezuma Well Arizona State Parks Red Rock State Park HOURS: Summer 8am to 6pm; winter 8am A nature preserve and environmental See page 2 for a detailed to 5pm; 7 days a week Website for all Arizona State education center located a few miles south Parks: www.azstateparks.com description of these National ADDRESS: 5525 Beaver Creek Road, of Sedona. The picnic area and classrooms Monuments and fees. Rimrock AZ 86335 Dead Horse State Park may be reserved for public or private ADMISSION: free Located on the Verde River near functions. Designated hiking trails are PHONE: 928-567-4521 Cottonwood. An excellent place for available, but there is no swimming, wading Montezuma Castle National WEB: www.nps.gov/moca bird watching, hiking and recreating or camping. Pets are not allowed in the Monument along the Verde River. Offers park. There are many nature hikes, talks, HOURS: Summer 8am to 6pm; winter 8am Tuzigoot National Monument picnicking, full-facility camping, and programs for children. Call for details. to 5pm; 7 days a week HOURS: Summer 8am to 6pm; winter 8am fishing, horseback riding, and HOURS: The Visitor Center is open 8am ADDRESS: 2800 Montezuma Castle Road, to 5pm; closed Christmas Day mountain biking. to 5pm. Trails are open 8am to 5pm Camp Verde AZ 86322 ADDRESS: 25 W. Tuzigoot Road, HOURS: Ranger Station - 8am to 5pm daily; October – March; 8am to 6pm April and ADMISSION: fee; permits and park passports Clarkdale AZ 86324 campgrounds remain open. September, 8am to 8pm May – August. honored ADMISSION: fee; permits and park ADDRESS: 675 Dead Horse Ranch Road, ADDRESS: 4050 Red Rock Loop Rd., PHONE: 928-567-3322 passports honored Cottonwood AZ 86326 Sedona AZ 86339 WEB: www.nps.gov/moca PHONE: 928-634-5564 ADMISSION: fee ADMISSION: fee per car WEB: www.nps.gov/tuzi PHONE: 928-634-5283 PHONE: 928-282-6907

�������� �������� ��������

��������� ����

��������� ������ �������� ��������

6 7 Slide Rock State Park HOURS: 8am to 5pm daily; closed V-V Heritage Site ADDRESS: 1 North Willard Street, This park, in scenic Oak Creek Canyon, Christmas Day Rock art site highlighting over 1200 Cottonwood AZ 86326 takes its name from the 30-foot water ADDRESS: 100 Douglas Road, petroglyphs. There is a small visitor center ADMISSION: no charge slide naturally worn into the rocks of the Jerome AZ 86331 and gift store. PHONE: 928-634-2868 creek bed. There are opportunities for ADMISSION: fee HOURS: 9:30am to 3:30pm daily; open WEB: www.sedona-verdevalleymuseums.org bird watching, fishing, hiking, and relaxing PHONE: 928-282-6907 Friday-Monday; closed Thanksgiving along the creek. Pets are allowed if on and Christmas Jerome Mine Museum leash in most areas of the park, but not in ADMISSION: Red Rock Pass, Golden Age or This museum depicts Jerome’s history the swimming areas. Arizona Game and Fish Golden Eagle from mining day to present time though HOURS: Day use only. 8am to 5pm Page Springs Hatchery PHONE: 928-282-4119 photographs, books, newspapers, letters, ADDRESS: 6871 N. Highway 89A WEB: www.redrockcountry.org This is Arizona’s largest fish hatchery. A histories, maps, and other artifacts. Sedona AZ 86339 (in Oak Creek self-guided tour takes visitors through HOURS: 9am to 5pm daily Canyon). the main hatchery where rainbow and Ranger Districts ADDRESS: 200 Main Street, ADMISSION: fee per car up to four adults. brown trout are raised to be released in Jerome AZ 86331 Call for details waters throughout Arizona. There are two Red Rock District Ranger Station ADMISSION: fee PHONE: 928-282-3034 additional nature trails and some of the Coconino National Forest PHONE: 928-634-5477 walk is along Oak Creek. The Page Springs PO Box 300, Sedona AZ 86339 WEB: www.jeromehistoricalsociey.org Hatchery is also an Audubon-designated 928-282-4119 Important Bird Area; sightings of bald WEB: www.fs.fed.us/r3/coconino eagles are common in winter months. Chambers of Commerce HOURS: 8am to 3:30pm daily; closed Verde Ranger District Contact area chambers of commerce Thanksgiving and Christmas Prescott National Forest for information on an array of ADDRESS: 1600 N Page Springs Road, 300 East Highway 260, activities including antique shows, Cornville AZ 86325 Camp Verde AZ 86322 nature festivals, farmer’s markets, ADMISSION: no charge 928-567-4121 pioneer days, art fairs, concerts, PHONE: 928-634-4805 WEB: www.fs.fed.us/r3/prescott holiday celebrations, and more. Yavapai-Apache Nation US Forest Service Camp Verde Chamber of Yavapai-Apache Tourism Commerce What is the Red Rock Pass? Department 385 South Main Street, Information on activities through the Camp Verde AZ 86322 The Coconino National Forest, Red Yavapai-Apache Nation. 928-567-9294 Rock District, has over 80 trails and three ADDRESS: 355 Middle Verde Road, WEB: www.campverde.org heritage sites to visit in the Sedona area. Camp Verde AZ 86322 The Red Rock Pass is a parking permit PHONE: 928-567-3035 Clarkdale Chamber of Commerce to access these sites and trails. It is not WEB: www.yavapai-apache-nation.com PO Box 245, Clarkdale AZ 86324 Fort Verde State Historic Park needed to drive through the area or stop 928-634-8700 General Crook’s US Army scouts and to take a picture. Historical Societies & WEB: www.clarkdalechamber.com soldiers were stationed at Fort Verde in Red Rock Passes may be purchased the late 1800s. Several original buildings at the South Gateway Visitor Center, Museums Cottonwood Chamber of still exist. Historic military living quarters Highway 179 in the Village of Oak Creek, Camp Verde Historical Society Commerce are open to visitors and teach about life 8:30am to 5pm daily, phone: 928-284-5323; and Museum 1010 South Main Street, Junction 89A and on the frontier. The museum located in at the Sedona Chamber of Commerce Museum displays the rich historical past 260 the old headquarters buildings displays Center, Highway 89A and Forest road, of the Verde Valley with timeline and Cottonwood AZ 86326 artifacts explaining the history and phone 928-282-7722; and at many stores exhibits on prehistory, mining, ranching 928-634-7593 methods of frontier soldiering. throughout the area. and settlement. WEB: www.cottonwood.verdevalley.com HOURS: 8am to 5pm daily; closed WEB: www.redrockcountry.org ADDRESS: 435 South Main Street, Camp Christmas Day Verde AZ 86322 Jerome Chamber of Commerce ADDRESS: 125 E. Hollamon Street, Camp PHONE: 928-567-9560 PO Box K, Jerome AZ 86331 Verde AZ 86322 Palatki Heritage Site Cliff dwelling and pictograph trail, WEB: www.sedona-verdevalleymuseums.org 928-634-2900 ADMISSION: fee; children under 7 free interpreting the prehistoric Sinagua WEB: www.jeromechamber.com PHONE: 928-567-3275 culture. There is a small visitor Sedona Historical Society & WEB: www.azstateparks.com center with exhibits and bookstore. Heritage Museum Sedona-Oak Creek Chamber of Reservations are required because the This museum highlights Sedona’s history Commerce parking lot only has 16 spaces. of pioneers and settlers from 1870 to 1950. PO Box 478, Sedona AZ 96339 HOURS: Reservation required; Displays show the lifestyles and works of 800-288-7336 9:30am to 3:30pm daily; closed people who ranched, farmed and worked WEB: www.sedonachamber.com Thanksgiving and Christmas Day this area during that time period. ADMISSION HOURS: 11am to 3pm daily; closed major : Red Rock Pass, Golden Age or This Visitor Guide is provided by Golden Eagle holidays Western National Parks Association PHONE: 928-282-3854 ADDRESS: 735 Jordan Road, in cooperation with:

WEB: www.redrockcountry.org Sedona AZ 86339 Montezuma Castle National Monument, Montezuma Well ADMISSION: fee and Tuzigoot National Monument Honanki Heritage Site PHONE: 928-282-7038 P.O. Box 219, Camp Verde, Az. 86322 Jerome State Historic Park WEB: www.sedonamuseums.org Editor: Anne Worthington Photo by Pamela Ravenwood Cliff dwelling with associated rock art, interpreting the prehistoric Sinagua Design & Production: Amanda Summers Design Jerome State Historic Park culture. Clemenceau Heritage Museum The mansion of James Douglas built in Advisors: Kathy Davis, Sherry Wood, Ed Cummins, Karen HOURS: 10am to 6pm daily; closed Displays related to the history of Hughes, John Reid, Rex Vanderford 1916 perches atop a hill overlooking the Thanksgiving and Christmas Cottonwood and the Verde Valley. Masthead art © 2004 Verde Valley. The building once served ADMISSION: Red Rock Pass, Golden Age or Photographs, newspapers, letters, maps and Montezuma Castle National Monument

as a hotel for mining officials as well as Printed on recycled paper with soy inks by the Arizona

Golden Eagle other artifacts from the 1870s to the present. Daily Sun, Flagstaff, AZ. a private home. Displays feature local PHONE: 928-282-4119 HOURS: Wednesday 9am to noon; Friday to Please Recycle mining history. WEB: www.redrockcountry.org Sunday 11am to 3pm 6 7 MONTEZUMA WELL Underwater Archeology — A Natural Oasis A First! Montezuma Well was the first National As seasons change, flocks of migratory green-winged teals and mallard ducks Park Service area to use SCUBA divers in a systematic attempt to investigate the rest briefly on the surface of Montezuma Well. Muskrats, pond sliders and underwater component of a prehistoric Sonoran mud turtles ply through the thick beds of brown-green algae that archaeological site. Approximately 700 artifacts of cultural flourish through the year. material typical of a late Sinagua site in the Verde Valley were recovered and are curated by the National Park Service in Tucson, Arizona. These included: pottery, charred animal bone of rabbit, hare, and This natural limestone sinkhole offers waters began disappearing. Underground manufacture food from light energy and deer, worked obsidian and chert flakes, a unique setting as you experience the streams started dissolving softer areas of the rich supply of carbon dioxide in the fired clay, building stone eroded from the contrast of two distinct life zones along the underground limestone and a cavern water. ruins above, and ground basaltic stone. the one-third mile trail. The Well rim, like began to form. The passage of time and At night, a great feeding frenzy begins most of the area nearby, is a high desert the force of water carved a cavern larger among the creatures who have adapted life zone. The riparian area along Beaver and larger until, about 11,000 years ago, to this harsh aquatic environment. Creek creates a yellow and green ribbon the roof of one of these caverns gradually Amphipods, tiny shrimp-like animals, of lush growth through this semi-arid crumbled forming Montezuma Well. feed by combing algae through countryside. appendages below their mouths. The perennial flow of this spring- Underwater Chain Of Life Leeches, living by day in the bottom fed stream together with water from Water entering Montezuma Well is sediments of the well, rise at night and, Montezuma Well and its irrigation canal at a constant 74 degrees with a flow of searching with sensory hairs on their truly creates a natural and soothing haven over 1,400,000 gallons a day. As the water bodies, gulp large quantities of the small for visitors. passes through limestone it collects high amphipods. Night-swimming water scorpions also make evening meals of the shrimp- like creatures. With the first light of day, these creatures sink back to the depths of the Well until sunset, and the beginning of another cycle.

Arsenic And The Well Arsenic is the 20th most common element in the earth’s crust, and the 12th most common element in the human The Well Outlet Trail is cool and inviting body. Arsenic is present in all living during hot summer months. The shaded matter, as well as water, soil, and air. trail follows a portion of the prehistoric Where does arsenic come from? Arsenic irrigation ditch constructed by the enters water supplies from erosion of Sinagua. The trail also parallels Beaver natural deposits in the earth’s crust. Most Creek, an important perennial water organic and inorganic arsenic compounds source for the Verde Valley. are white and or colorless, and have no smell or taste. The Mystery Of The Water The EPA has set a standard for the Scientists have not discovered the origin amount of arsenic in public drinking of the consistently warm water that feeds water to be no higher than 10 ug/L Montezuma Well at a rate of 1,400,000 (micrograms per liter). The arsenic gallons a day! level in samples of water taken from A current research topic with scientists Montezuma Well hosts a variety of wildlife in all seasons but gilled fish cannot Montezuma Well has registered 100 ug/L! from Northern Arizona University is trying survive in the waters; the carbon dioxide level is too high. Instead, several species It is believed the Sinagua used the water to decipher where the water is coming found only in the depths of Montezuma Well have evolved, adding to the rich from Montezuma Well to irrigate their tapestry of this life zone in the Upper Sonoran Desert. from and from what level. Scientists have crops and it would have entered the food Photo by Ernie Silva noted the flow rate from the Well rarely chain in this way. fluctuates — but the source deep in the Time And Water — The What effect does prolonged amounts of dissolved carbon dioxide earth’s layers remains a mystery Formation Of Montezuma Well nearly 100 times higher than most natural consumption of arsenic have on Scientists believe about 12 million aquatic environments. the human body? After one or two By Rex Vanderford, years ago this part of the Verde Valley was The highly carbonated water is generations, people may have noticed an National Park Service Ranger covered by a large shallow lake. Floating inhospitable to fish even though there is increase in birth defects or other health plants in this body of water caused oxygen. Instead, an aquatic community of problems. Sinagua lived around the Well dissolved limestone to form minute several unique species- each dependent since A.D. 900, but could increasing levels crystals which slowly sank to the bottom, on the other-has evolved. Four species are of arsenic been a factor in their leaving accumulating into thick layers of soft endemic, which means they only live in Montezuma Well? limestone rock. the Well! About 2 million years ago the lake Algae, small floating plants, 8 9 from the late 1800’s to the 1940’s. Hay was A Gem of Habitats: the Changing grown in this field and cattle grazed from the 1950’s to 1988. This area illustrates Plant Life at Montezuma Well the fragile balance of much land in the arid Southwest: the meadow has been The diversity of plant life at Gem of Habitats fallow for almost 50 years but because of Montezuma Well is a showcase of how Montezuma Well is extensive soil mineral depletion and time vegetation is able to adapt to the arid and bordered on one side by needed to regenerate, there is little growth harsh central Arizona landscape. Many one of the more healthy other than grasses, some mesquite and areas of the national monument reflect riparian, or natural yucca. these changing conditions: the type of watercourse, systems Sycamore spreads The staff and volunteers at Montezuma soil, available water, drainage, evaporation in the state. This its upper story branches and Well continually monitor plant health and solar intensity. streamside, known as leaves over the area, providing and changes due to periods of moisture Wet Beaver Creek, is shade and habitat for a diversity followed by drought. As the lands change Walkways to the Well accessed by the trail to the of life. Velvet Ash, with narrow trunks and and heal over time, the commitment The effects of extreme exposure to the Well Outlet and is critical wide branches, vie for space with the one remains to keep the area in as natural a sun are most obvious as visitors ascend habitat for migrating birds and juniper determined to exist in this wet state as possible. the trail to view Montezuma Well and home to least 60 percent of all life native environment. then head downslope to the lower walking to Arizona. To the west of the picnic area and By Don Montgomery trail. This area has a southern exposure In this gem of habitats , some of the visible through the trees is the large open Biologist and park volunteer with intense solar radiation year round. more obvious upper story trees are the meadow originally ranched and farmed The small shrub Mariola dominates Arizona sycamore, cottonwood, ash, the area with a grey hue if there has been walnut and alder. Many of the alder were winter moisture. The upper reaches of harvested in the late 1800’s for building the slope have mature junipers, creosote structures. Visitors at the Outlet, looking “What’s That Tree With the White Bark?” bush, Mormon Tea and an abundance of across Beaver Creek, can see a stand The Arizona Sycamore is a Highlight of Any Visit prickly pear cactus. of older alder, prominent in the spring These species require more soil because this tree with its cover of long he ghostly white trunk and spreading gnarled branches rise in stark moisture and are associated with dark red catkins stands out among the contrast to the vivid hues of green along the riparian, or streamside, abundant rock on or near the surface. leafless, winter-dormant trees. Net-leaf T areas of the Verde Valley. When there is rainfall, the moisture runs hackberry also occupies the drier fringes The Arizona Sycamore, often reaching heights of 80 feet, is one of the off the rocks and collects at the base, of the riparian area and can be seen distinctive sights at Montezuma Castle and Montezuma Well. This member watering the root systems protected by the growing out of the vertical limestone cliff of the Plane Tree family once blanketed Arizona 63 million years ago when the climate was cool and moist. As the weather became dry and more arid, rocks and gravel. Scattered throughout face. these deciduous trees retreated to the moist perennial waterways and this slope visitors will also see mesquite, Over 90 percent of the wildlands in canyon bottoms that bisect the state. catclaw and delicate grasses; when there Arizona designated as riparian areas have Some amazing adaptations help the Arizona Sycamore survive from are ample rains in March and April, the vanished with increased development, seeding to old age, at least 200 years. Each fruit pod contains an average making these habitats even more priceless. hillside is a veritable flower garden. of 667 seeds with a protective coating designed to withstand seasonal flooding; the torrents of water reshaping the land, moving and depositing Near the Pithouse Inside the Well masses of rocks, earth and debris. Visitors making a stop to view the A look at the walls inside Montezuma The roots of the young plant must be able to penetrate the rock-laden, Well again displays this variance between pithouse will be able to see why the compacted substrate. If torrential flooding scours the area, the seedlings north and south facing slopes. Mesquite prehistoric Sinagua may have built may be left literally high and dry with roots that have to remain in moist and cat claw dominate the south while subterranean residences and community soil to thrive. Once established, the trees help protect against erosion, the shaded and cooler areas of the north structures in this unique zone. There is capturing precious topsoil for other plant life. facing slope nurture a diversity of trees an absence of rock in the top soil layer The sycamore hosts a myriad of species and shrubs. The warty-barked Hackberry except for an outcrop of limestone native to Arizona. Large palm-shaped leaves forms an arbor over the trail to Swallett looking east toward the Well parking protect and shelter the many small birds Cave. Red willow borders the edges of lot. As visitors face north, they will see a using the waterways as a migration corridor. the Well and a lone Arizona Walnut and broad alluvium flat with an abundance Woodpeckers and other burrowing animals nest in Peach Leaf willow grow in the shade. of trees with a dense upper story. These the spreading branches and insects go through various A lone Velvet ash stands below the cliff include mesquite, cat claw and creosote, life stages as they become sustenance for even more creatures. In the hot, dry summer months, sycamores dwellings in the west side. A fire in the providing shade for an under story of offer shade and relief to all life along the banks. early 1900’s may have destroyed some of grasses and small herbaceous plants. The prehistoric Sinagua utilized sycamore, the larger cottonwoods and sycamore Absent are the plants requiring rocks a soft wood, for many of the support beams that are shown in turn of the century to collect and preserve rain, such as the still intact in Montezuma Castle. In historic photographs. prickly pear cactus so prevalent near the top of the Well. times, sycamore was used to make buttons. Picnic Area Montezuma Castle National Visitors should Monument, protected since 1906, is one of the best locations to view Arizona consider a visit to the Sycamore in its natural state. Over 90 Montezuma Well picnic percent of Arizona’s riparian areas have area, a shady spot that been lost to development or are not provides relief from the hot sun. accessible to the general public. This area is flood irrigated with Montezuma Well features the famous waters from the Well, utilizing large curved sycamore along the Outlet an historic ditch constructed in Trail, unchanged since it was photographed the early 1900’s. The picnic area in the 1870’s; a relic of the distant past that supports huge cottonwoods, ever continues to inspire awe in visitors today. thirsty and with roots that must be in moisture at all times. The Arizona 8 9 TUZIGOOT sits on a long, limestone ridge 150 feet above the Verde River floodplain. Also in the photo are the tailings from the former copper smelter located in Clarkdale. PHOTO BY ERNIE SILVA

The intricate pattern of this cloth bag speaks to the aesthetic sense of the ancient peoples populating the area.

TUZIGOOT

Dawn comes easily to the world — touching upon the mountain ridges and then brightening down into the valleys. As the light comes to this hill above the river, the old walls reflect again a memory of life uncovered from times dust.

Archaeologists with a Civilian Works same people to find solutions. There Administration crew excavated and is a creativity of survival and choices stabilized the ancestral village in 1933 and threading through the generations that built a museum to hold its material story lived here. in 1935. How big was the world they called Our present understanding is of their own? By the stories of people and hunters passing through this abundant artifacts we know the Sinagua traded for valley perhaps several thousand years ago shells from the coast and macaws from and then populated before A.D. 1100 by the south. Where did they go? Depending Tavasci Marsh — Vestige farming peoples who built their way of on our use of the language, “vanished” of an Earlier World life on the available resources of land and may come to mean moving on to other uzigoot National Monument water. resources and other promised lands. The Although the last word is yet to be Hopi people of today tell, in their clan T overlooks Tavasci Marsh, a written on the goings and comings of stories, of living in places like this before natural riparian area protecting these people, we know from our scientific migrating to their present northern mesas. an old meander of the Verde River. This inquiries some clues about the climate of Why did they leave? Perhaps resources ancient scene would have been the times. Rainfall is sometimes marginal; became little and politics too much familiar to the Sinagua who used the crops may have depleted the soil — or perhaps the Promised Land lay just nutrients after years of planting. beyond the horizon. water from the marsh and the By the time the people of Tuzigoot Enjoy your visit to Tuzigoot and look Verde River to irrigate their left the region around A.D.1400 the past the ruins to a time when the best crops. Today, Tavasci Marsh has citadel had housed perhaps 250 people world was on top of a hill made golden by been designated an Audubon in its hundred rooms. It was the city of dawns’ light. its day where people learned to resolve Society Important Birding Area the problems of living life together. And By John Reid, for the number and diversity of though with more people come more National Park Service Ranger biological species that inhabit the area. problems, there are also more of the 10 11 Park guide Diana fear of rattlesnakes but there really hadn’t Madara are examining the small rodent Rushford reassured the been much research. We needed to learn populations on the Monuments to young woman, “Only if you something about the animal and its determine if there is any correlation “Will We See a looked like a small mouse behavior.” between number of snakes and number or something else to eat and Some conclusions have been reached of small mice, or, the “Prey Base”. he was hungry!” after years of collecting data. As a “Rodents are the peanuts of the Rattlesnake?” Rattlesnakes are part controlled study, Nowak initially released wilderness—everyone wants to eat of the natural landscape 7 snakes outside Park boundaries, miles them!” explained Monatesti. Over a long in the Verde Valley and from their dens. She observed 7 snakes weekend, he and Madara set no-kill traps New research the warmer days of spring left in home territory. protected inside milk cartons to see what changes signal it is time for these The relocated snakes had a higher small creatures roamed the park. Out of reptiles to leave their dens mortality rate and over half made their the seven species of small rodents living in perspective and begin the search for way back to their home range. Because the area, “we got them all!” food. of Nowak’s research, captured snakes are Part of the research will determine on these Biologist Erika Nowak of now moved away from the public but not what rattlesnakes are eating and how elusive animals the USGS Science Center in miles from their dens as they had been in the small rodent population is affected. Flagstaff has been studying the past. The mortality rate for the animals The rattlesnakes at Tuzigoot tend to be so-called ‘nuisance is much lower and there have been very larger than the snakes at Montezuma rattlesnakes’ in Arizona’s few times when visitors even see a snake. Castle; is this because there are more National Monuments and rodents at Tuzigoot and Tavasci Marsh the Grand Canyon for ten The Prey Base and a continual source of protein? The years. Her research may In a related study, biologists AJ researchers feel this is a possibility. help reduce the fear people Monatesti, Justin Schofer and Amy have for these elusive STAY AWAY! animals. Erika Nowak says When a rattlesnake it is important for is sighted near a Park visitors to not approach Service Visitor Center, it is a rattlesnake if one is captured, weighed, measured and tagged sighted. “They are only The visitor was very with a small chip. Park rangers receive going to strike at you if special training in handling the snakes they feel threatened in concerned and afraid to so the animal—and the ranger- are not some way. They want walk the trail at Montezuma injured. to get away from you as The snakes are released in areas away quickly as possible!” Castle National Monument. from the public and then tracked by the Adds Park Guide “If I go out there, will a researchers. Rushford, “Stay on the trail, don’t try to get it rattlesnake chase me down Data Results to pose for pictures and the path?” she asked. In 1994, Nowak decided to focus stay away until someone her work on rattlesnakes comes to move the because, “I felt sorry for them. snake. It won’t hurt you There is a general if you leave it alone!”

Researchers carefully weigh and measure a rattlesnake while visitors look on. The scientists give talks to the public, trying to promote more understanding about this frequently misunderstood animal. Photo: Skip Larson

Galloping Gomphotheres: Back from the Ice Age!

In the thousands of years before humans entered of a mammoth or mastodon. But, notice what the Verde Valley, large Ice Age mammals roamed is really distinctive about him? The tusks point this area, searching for the tons of plants they down toward the ground rather than curled up needed to exist. But, before there were like a mammoth’s. mammoths, there were Gomphotheres, Why do you think a very distant but now extinct his tusks pointed member of the elephant family. down? Did this Paleontologist David Gillette of help him clear out the Museum of Northern Arizona, grasses he could Flagstaff, says this creature had skin then eat? Your guess is like a modern-day elephant and really as good as anyone’s! probably did not have the thick fur Drawing by Diana Rushford 10 11 50 Common Reptiles and Cultures Amphibians of the Southwest of the Jonathan Hanson and Roseann Beggy Southwest Hanson Excellent color photographs make Those who identification easy. 64 pages. $7.95 Came Before: Roadside Geology of Arizona Southwestern Halka Chronic Archeology in Explains the spectacular geology of the National Arizona as seen from a car at specific estern National Parks Association Montezuma Castle Park System points along highways throughout the Wwas founded in 1938 to aid and National Monument promote the educational and scientific Robert and Florence Lister state. 321 pages. $18.00 Susan Lamb activities of the National Park Service. This is an excellent and comprehensive This book presents an overview of As a nonprofit organization authorized overview of southwestern archeological the early human history at Montezuma by Congress, we operate visitor center sites in the National Park System. 184 Castle and Montezuma Well National Maps and Hikes bookstores, produce publications, and pages. $16.95 Monuments. 16 pages, $4.95 support educational programs at more Deutsch translation: $5.95 Guide to Indian Country Map than 63 parks in 11 western states. Prehistoric Cultures of the Covers the Four Corners area outlining Southwest Series Bookstore Sales Tuzigoot National Monument Indian reservations, national parks and Rose Houk Rose Houk monuments, and geologic features. $4.95 Bookstore sales are WNPA’s primary This book presents an overview of the Each booklet in this five-part series source of income and this income is early human history at Tuzigoot National provides an introduction to the evolution, used to support National Park Service Recreational Map of Arizona Monument. 16 pages. $3.95 achievements, and lasting legacy of a interpretive programs. The distinct ancient culture. Please specify Detailed travel map with more than following publications, available Anasazi, Hohokam, Mogollon, Salado, or 400 recreational sites and 500 points of from WNPA, are recommended Ruins Along Sinagua. 16 pages. $3.95 each. interest listed. $3.95 for making the most of your visit The River Complete Set $15.95 to the Verde Valley National Carle Hodge New! Sedona Trails Map Monuments in central Arizona. A study of the Comprehensive list of over 60 selected Sinagua culture in For our full catalog, Field Guides trails highlighting hiking, camping, the Verde Valley. mountain bike trails, equestrian trails. visit our visitor Includes Tuzigoot, Laminated topo map with elevation gains center bookstore, Montezuma Castle, 50 Common Birds for all trails. $11.95 or browse online at and Montezuma of the Southwest Well National www.wnpa.org. Richard Cunningham Exploring Arizona’s Wild Areas: Monuments. Also An easy reference to the more commonly mentioned are Fort Verde, Jerome, seen bird species of the American Second Edition Scott S. Warren Sedona, and the Flagstaff area National Southwest. 64 pages. $7.95 Introducing the Parks Monuments. A guide for hikers, backpackers, climbers, 48 pages. $6.95 cross-country skiers and paddlers. 70 Common Cacti Contains 88 locations with instructions Montezuma Castle: A Guide To of the Southwest and directions. 333 pages. $18.95 Discovery: Montezuma Castle, Pierre Fisher Montezuma Well The Parks In-Depth This perennial best-seller describes and A brief and colorful story of Montezuma depicts 70 common cacti species of the Castle and Montezuma Well National A Past Preserved in Stone: Southwestern deserts. 80 pages. $7.95 Monuments. 20 pages. $1.00 A History of Montezuma Castle PLACING YOUR ORDER A Kid’s Guide To Exploring National Monument Montezuma Castle National Josh Protas Monument An in-depth administrative By Phone: We encourage you to order by phone to get publications best suited to your needs. To place an order, please call 928-567-3322, extension 25. Mary Maruca history of Montezuma A colorful children’s book that explores Castle and Montezuma By Mail: Add up the total amount of your order plus shipping cost (see table Well National the Sinagua culture located in the Verde at right). Include a check payable to Western National Parks Association, or credit Monuments. Contains Valley of central Arizona, including card number and expiration date. Visa, Mastercard, and Discover cards accepted. Montezuma Castle and historic photographs. Send order to Western National Parks Association, Montezuma 256 pages. $21.95 P.O. Box 219, Camp Verde, Arizona 86322. Prices and availability subject to change. Well No international shipments National Preserving Monuments. Nature In The National Shipping Costs 14 pages. Parks ITEM TOTAL SHIPPING COST $3.95 Richard West Sellars Up to $15.00 ...... $6.00 This book traces the epic clash of $15.01 – $25.00...... $7.00 values between traditional scenery- $25.01 - $50.00 ...... $8.00 and-tourism management and $50.01 - $100.00 ...... $9.00 emerging ecological concepts in the national parks. Over $100...... Free 380 pages. $35.00 12