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Management of Banana Xanthomonas Wilt in East and Central Africa

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Management of Banana Xanthomonas Wilt in East and Central Africa MANAGEMENT OF BANANA XANTHOMONAS WILT IN EAST AND CENTRAL AFRICA Proceedings of the workshop on review of the strategy for the management of banana xanthomonas wilt 23 - 27 July 2007, Hotel la Palisse, Kigali, Rwanda Eldad Karamura and William Tinzaara Boiversity International TABLE OF CONTENTS List of acronyms i Foreword ii Acknowledgements iii Background and workshop objectives 1 COUNTRY UPDATES ON XANTHOMONAS WILT MANAGEMENT Xanthomonas wilt management in Burundi. C. Niyongere, S. Hakizimana and 4 S. Nshimirimana Xanthomonas wilt management in the Democratic Republic of Congo. L. Ndungo 7 Vigheri and X. Phemba Phezo Management of Xanthomonas wilt banana and enset in Ethiopia. Fikre Handoro 10 Xanthomonas wilt management in Kenya. S.S. S. Inzaule 13 Xanthomonas wilt management in Rwanda. C. Murekezi 16 Management of banana Xanthomonas wilt in Tanzania. S.S. Mgenzi Byabachwezi 21 Management of banana Xanthomonas wilt in Uganda. W.K. Tushemereirwe, 25 J. Kubiriba, C. Nankinga, M. Masanza, J. Muhangi, F. Ssekiwoko and E. Karamura Plenary discussions of country updates on XW 36 CASE STUDIES ON XANTHOMONAS WILT MANAGEMENT 39 Distribution of banana Xanthomonas wilt in East and Central Africa. G.V. Nakato 40 and Maina Mwangi Epidemiological Information for Xanthomonas wilt Control. F. Ssekiwoko, W.K. 45 Tushemereirwe and J. Kubiriba Control of banana Xanthomonas wilt disease using biotechnology. Leena Tripathi, 51 J.N. Tripathi and W.K. Tushemereirwe Cultural practices for management of Xanthomonas in Uganda. L.F. Turyagyenda, 56 Guy Blomme, E. Karamura, F. Ssekiwoko, W. Tinzaara, S. Mpiira and S. Eden-Green Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation of Banana Xanthomonas wilt control 62 strategies in Uganda. M. Masanza, C.K. Nankinga, N.N. Odoi, J. Kubiriba, J. Muhangi and W.K. Tushemereirwe Plenary discussion: Case studies on BXW management 68 Evaluation of the diagnostic and management tools deployed for the control of 69 Xanthomonas wilt in east and Central Africa. E. Karamura, J. Muhangi and W. Tinzaara Working group discussions 73 Plenary discusion and workshop recommendations 75 List of participants 84 LIST OF ACRONYMS AATF African Agricultural Technology Foundation ARDI Agricultural Research and Development Institute ASPS Agricultural Sector Programme Support BARNESA Banana Research Network for East and Southern Africa C3P Crop Crisis Control Project CBOs Community Based Organisations CGIAR Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research CRS Catholic Relief Services D.R. Congo Democratic Republica of Congo DANIDA Danish International Development Agency DAOs District Agricultural Officers DFID Department for International Development ECA east and Central Africa EGC Eden Green Consulting FAO Food and Agriculture Organization GCF Gatsby Charitable Foundation GPC Global Plant Clinic GPS Global Postioning System IDM Integrated Disease management IDRC International Development Research Centre IITA International Institute of Tropical Agriculture INIBAP International Network for the Improvement of Bananas and Plantains IRAZ Institut de Recherche Agronomique et Zootechnique ISABU Institut des Sciences Agronomique du Burundi ISAR Institut des Sciences Agronomiques du Rwanda (ISAR) KARI Kenya Agricultural Research Institute KEPHIS Kenya Plant Health Inspectorate Service MAAIF Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries MINAGRI Ministry of Agriculture of Rwanda MoU Memorandum of Understanding NARO National Agricultural Research Organisation NBBWCI National Banana Bacterial Wilt Control Initiative NGOs Non Government Orgarnizations NTF National Task Force PCR Polymerase Chain Reaction PDC Participatory Development Communication RADA Rwanda Agricultural Development Agency R&D Research and Development REFSO Rural Energy, Food Security Organization SNNPR Southern Nation, Nationalities and People Region of Ethiopia UCG Catholic University of Graben, DR. Congo USAID United States Agency for International Development XW Xanthomonas wilt of banana and enset i FOREWARD Nine months before the workshop, October 2006, the Crop Crisis Control Project (C3P) conducted a regional work workshop as part of the sub-project: Strengthening the capacity of regional NARS to sustainably manage the out break of the Xanthomonas wilt of bananas in East and Central Africa. The training adopted an onion peel approach whereby Tier 1 training was broad and deep in terms of content and this was progressively reduced to demonstrations, field visits and drama at the farm level. The workshop attracted five participants from each of the six countries participating in the project. The participants also disgnated trainers of trainers underwent training (Tier 1) in the use of tools for Xanthomonas wilt disease diagnosis, mechanisms of spread and control. The workshop activities in- cluded laboratory and field demonstrations of the tools; on farm visits and interaction with farmers; innovative public awareness approaches and plenary discussions of the strengths and weaknesses of the tools and approaches. The workshop was also a rare opportunity for cross-border interaction by the national teams to exchange ideas as to how activities on one side of the border could be re-enforced by efforts/activities across the same border. Subsequently, in plenary the teams developed and presented their workplans for the next 9 months for peer comments. The plans drawn covered national level training of trainers (Tier 2); plans for raising public awareness, targeting stakeholders right from the grassroot to policy making platforms; facilitating campaigns to control the epidemic and monitoring and evaluating project activities in respective countries. At the end of Tier 1 training, the participants were given hard and electronic copies of the tools that had been used in the training so that trainees, upon return to their respective countries, can make modifications (using electronic copies) to suit their needs. It was planned that the national level training (Tier 2) of trainers would produce community-based trainers that would subsequently train farmers (Tier 3) in the recognition, mechnanism of spread and the control of the disease. Bioversity International and IITA provided back-stopping support to the NARS level training activities (Tier 2) except in Uganda. Over the subsequent six months the NARS executed the capacity building activities but it was not clear if the tools provided worked as planned or if they needed modifications to suit specific needs. Such information would help to make necessary adjustments to improve the quality of training delivered and hence strengthen the capacity for the control of the disease. To achieve this, a workshop was organized to bring participating NARS, along with their collaborating partners to review the use and application of tools disseminated at Tier 1 training and to obtain lessons from the teams that have applied the tools. Financial resources for travel, hotel and food were provided by the Association for Strengthening Agricul- tural Research in East and Central Africa (ASARECA) while the publication and dissemination of the report was supported by the C3P project. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The workshop was organized with the help of ISAR-Rwanda, MINAGRI-Rwanda and CRS-Kigali who commited their time to do the hotel bookings and field arrangements to enable the workshop achieve its objectives. The BAIR team and field extension staff in Rubavu were extremely helpful in organizing the field demonstrations by the farmers who braved the rift valley heat to meet and interact with workshop participants. The region’s NARS, Bioversity and IITA staff committed their time off their busy schedules to participate in the workshop. The workshop was graced by the MINAGRI official led by Dr Agnes Kalibata Abera, the Secretary General, Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Resources, Rwanda, who underlined the importance of the Xanthomonas wilt in ECA, a region with the highest banana consump- tion in the world and underscored the plans and actions being taken in Rwanda to arrest the spread of the disease. The workshop was supported financially by the ASARECA through a partnership agreement with Bioversity International. The publication and dissemination of the workshop proceedings was financed by the C3P executed by the Catholic Relief Services and funded by the United States Agency for Interna- tional Development (USAID). All the support in cash and in kind is highly acknowledged. iii Bioversity undertakes, encourages and supports research and other activities on the use and conservation of agricultural biodiversity, especially genetic resources, to create more productive, resilient and sustainable harvests. The aim is to promote the greater well-being of people, particularly poor people in developing countries, by helping them to achieve food security, to improve their health and nutrition, to boost their incomes, and to conserve the natural resources on which they depend. Bioversity works with a global range of partners to maximize impact, to develop capacity and to ensure that all stakeholders have an effective voice. The purpose of Bioversity’s work is to ensure that individuals and institutions are able to make optimal use of agricultural biodiversity to meet current and future development needs of people and societies. To achieve this purpose, Bioversity concentrates on six focus areas: • developing and implementing strategies for global collaboration to conserve and use genetic resources for food and agriculture that focus on policies,
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