Ethnicity, Development and the Dynamics of Political Domination in Southern Matabeleland
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UNITED NATIONS MOZAMBIQUE Geospatial 30°E 35°E 40°E L a k UNITED REPUBLIC OF 10°S e 10°S Chinsali M a l a w TANZANIA Palma i Mocimboa da Praia R ovuma Mueda ^! Lua Mecula pu la ZAMBIA L a Quissanga k e NIASSA N Metangula y CABO DELGADO a Chiconono DEM. REP. OF s a Ancuabe Pemba THE CONGO Lichinga Montepuez Marrupa Chipata MALAWI Maúa Lilongwe Namuno Namapa a ^! gw n Mandimba Memba a io u Vila úr L L Mecubúri Nacala Kabwe Gamito Cuamba Vila Ribáué MecontaMonapo Mossuril Fingoè FurancungoCoutinho ^! Nampula 15°S Vila ^! 15°S Lago de NAMPULA TETE Junqueiro ^! Lusaka ZumboCahora Bassa Murrupula Mogincual K Nametil o afu ezi Namarrói Erego e b Mágoè Tete GiléL am i Z Moatize Milange g Angoche Lugela o Z n l a h m a bez e i ZAMBEZIA Vila n azoe Changara da Moma n M a Lake Chemba Morrumbala Maganja Bindura Guro h Kariba Pebane C Namacurra e Chinhoyi Harare Vila Quelimane u ^! Fontes iq Marondera Mopeia Marromeu b am Inhaminga Velha oz P M úngu Chinde Be ni n è SOFALA t of ManicaChimoio o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o gh ZIMBABWE o Bi Mutare Sussundenga Dondo Gweru Masvingo Beira I NDI A N Bulawayo Chibabava 20°S 20°S Espungabera Nova OCE A N Mambone Gwanda MANICA e Sav Inhassôro Vilanculos Chicualacuala Mabote Mapai INHAMBANE Lim Massinga p o p GAZA o Morrumbene Homoíne Massingir Panda ^! National capital SOUTH Inhambane Administrative capital Polokwane Guijá Inharrime Town, village o Chibuto Major airport Magude MaciaManjacazeQuissico International boundary AFRICA Administrative boundary MAPUTO Xai-Xai 25°S Nelspruit Main road 25°S Moamba Manhiça Railway Pretoria MatolaMaputo ^! ^! 0 100 200km Mbabane^!Namaacha Boane 0 50 100mi !\ Bela Johannesburg Lobamba Vista ESWATINI Map No. -
Linking Culture and Water Technology in Zimbabwe: Reflections on Ndau Experiences and Implications for Climate Change
Vol. 6(2), pp. 22-28, February 2014 DOI: 10.5897/JASD2013.0266 Journal of African Studies and ISSN 2141 -2189 ©2014 Academic Journals Development http://www.academicjournlas.org/JASD Full Length Research Paper Linking culture and water technology in Zimbabwe: Reflections on Ndau experiences and implications for climate change Tenson Muyambo* and Richard S. Maposa Faculty of Arts, Zimbabwe Ezekiel Guti University, Zimbabwe. Accepted 23 January, 2014 Renaissance studies continue to grow in post-colonial Africa. This study explores the Ndau culture in a bid to assess its vitality and relevance to contemporary society’s water technology in Zimbabwe. The thesis of the study posits that the Ndau people have indigenous knowledge systems (IKS) that can be tapped in the implementation of water resource management. Some Ndau beliefs and practices on water resources can be used as environmental management tools in order to do justice to climate change. These, if blended with western technologies, can be effective intervention strategies to mitigate the challenges posed by climate change. The study adopted a qualitative research design in a case study approach. Purposive sampling was used to select community elders and traditional practitioners who are associated with the in-depth knowledge on traditional beliefs and practices. The data collection techniques included interviews, participant observations and documentary analysis. The study observed that the particular Ndau cultural beliefs and practices that are not only relevant but consistent with water technological changes and these must be strengthened as part of a people’s heritage. Key words: Climate change, climate justice, culture, indigenous knowledge systems, Ndau people, renaissance studies, water technology. -
The Electoral Authoritarian Regimes and Election Violence: the Case of Manicaland Communities in Zimbabwe 2008-2013
The Electoral Authoritarian Regimes and election violence: The case of Manicaland Communities in Zimbabwe 2008-2013. Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung der Doktorwürde der Philosophischen Fakultät der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg i. Br. vorgelegt von Alexander Chimange aus Kwekwe (Zimbabwe) SS 2015 Erstgutacher: Prof. Dr. Reinhart Kößler Zweitgutachter: Prof. Dr. Heribert Weiland Vorsitzender des Promotionsausschusses der Gemeinsamen Kommission der Philologischen, Philosophischen und Wirtschafts- und Verhaltenswissenschaftlichen Fakultät: Prof. Dr. Hans-Helmuth Gander Datum der Fachprüfung im Promotionsfach: 19.01.2016 ABSTRACT The Zimbabwean elections have been marred by unprecedented acts of election violence, intimidation, coercion, harassment and manipulation and this has systematically disenfranchised the citizenry from the much-desired democratic transition. These acts of violence have reversed the government’s efforts and commitment to democratize the country which had been under an autocratic colonial regime for almost one hundred years. This localized empirical research study explores and unpacks the dynamics of the 2008-2013 election violence in the communities of Manicaland in Zimbabwe. The study also examines the socio-economic and political effects of election violence on the lives of the people. The aims and objectives of the study have been achieved basically through an in-depth empirical exploration of the people’s election violence experiences in three Manicaland communities, namely Nyamaropa, Honde Valley and Mhakwe. The data collection process was carried out in 2013 from May to December. This period also covered a crucial general election that marked an end to the Government of National Unity established in 2009 after the bloody 2008 election violence. The primary data was collected through qualitative in- depth interviews in the three communities with people with impeccable experience and vast knowledge of state-sponsored election violence. -
ISO Country Codes
COUNTRY SHORT NAME DESCRIPTION CODE AD Andorra Principality of Andorra AE United Arab Emirates United Arab Emirates AF Afghanistan The Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan AG Antigua and Barbuda Antigua and Barbuda (includes Redonda Island) AI Anguilla Anguilla AL Albania Republic of Albania AM Armenia Republic of Armenia Netherlands Antilles (includes Bonaire, Curacao, AN Netherlands Antilles Saba, St. Eustatius, and Southern St. Martin) AO Angola Republic of Angola (includes Cabinda) AQ Antarctica Territory south of 60 degrees south latitude AR Argentina Argentine Republic America Samoa (principal island Tutuila and AS American Samoa includes Swain's Island) AT Austria Republic of Austria Australia (includes Lord Howe Island, Macquarie Islands, Ashmore Islands and Cartier Island, and Coral Sea Islands are Australian external AU Australia territories) AW Aruba Aruba AX Aland Islands Aland Islands AZ Azerbaijan Republic of Azerbaijan BA Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina BB Barbados Barbados BD Bangladesh People's Republic of Bangladesh BE Belgium Kingdom of Belgium BF Burkina Faso Burkina Faso BG Bulgaria Republic of Bulgaria BH Bahrain Kingdom of Bahrain BI Burundi Republic of Burundi BJ Benin Republic of Benin BL Saint Barthelemy Saint Barthelemy BM Bermuda Bermuda BN Brunei Darussalam Brunei Darussalam BO Bolivia Republic of Bolivia Federative Republic of Brazil (includes Fernando de Noronha Island, Martim Vaz Islands, and BR Brazil Trindade Island) BS Bahamas Commonwealth of the Bahamas BT Bhutan Kingdom of Bhutan -
RECORDS CODIFICATION MANUAL Prepared by the Office Of
RECORDS CODIFICATION MANUAL Prepared by The Office of Communications and Records Department of State (Adopted January 1, 1950—Revised January 1, 1955) I I CLASSES OF RECORDS Glass 0 Miscellaneous. I Class 1 Administration of the United States Government. Class 2 Protection of Interests (Persons and Property). I Class 3 International Conferences, Congresses, Meetings and Organizations. United Nations. Organization of American States. Multilateral Treaties. I Class 4 International Trade and Commerce. Trade Relations, Treaties, Agreements. Customs Administration. Class 5 International Informational and Educational Relations. Cultural I Affairs and Programs. Class 6 International Political Relations. Other International Relations. I Class 7 Internal Political and National Defense Affairs. Class 8 Internal Economic, Industrial and Social Affairs. 1 Class 9 Other Internal Affairs. Communications, Transportation, Science. - 0 - I Note: - Classes 0 thru 2 - Miscellaneous; Administrative. Classes 3 thru 6 - International relations; relations of one country with another, or of a group of countries with I other countries. Classes 7 thru 9 - Internal affairs; domestic problems, conditions, etc., and only rarely concerns more than one I country or area. ' \ \T^^E^ CLASS 0 MISCELLANEOUS 000 GENERAL. Unclassifiable correspondence. Crsnk letters. Begging letters. Popular comment. Public opinion polls. Matters not pertaining to business of the Department. Requests for interviews with officials of the Department. (Classify subjectively when possible). Requests for names and/or addresses of Foreign Service Officers and personnel. Requests for copies of treaties and other publications. (This number should never be used for communications from important persons, organizations, etc.). 006 Precedent Index. 010 Matters transmitted through facilities of the Department, .1 Telegrams, letters, documents. -
International Tourism Statistics Report 2013
FALKLAND ISLANDS International Tourism Statistics Report 2013 2 3 4 Tourism Statistics 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE INTRODUCTION 6 KEY FACTS AND FIGURES 7 INBOUND TOURISM (OVERNIGHT VISITORS) 8 TOURIST ARRIVALS 8 Tourist Arrivals by Purpose of Visit (2000-2013) 8 Tourist Arrivals by Country of Residence (2000-2013) 10 Top 10 Tourist Arrivals by Country of Residence 12 Top 6 Leisure Tourist Arrivals by Country of Residence 12 Tourist Arrivals by Mode of Transport (2000-2013) 13 Average Length of Stay by Purpose of Visit (2000-2013) 14 Country of Residence by Purpose of Visit (2012 and 2013) 15 Gender by Purpose of Visit (2012 and 2013) 17 Purpose of Visit by Month (2013) 18 Leisure Tourists Arrivals by Season 20 TRIP CHARACTERISTICS 21 Previous Visits to the Falklands (2010-2013) 21 Timing of the Booking of Leisure Trips (2011-2013) 22 Sources of Information about the Falklands (2013) 23 Accommodation Utilised (2013) 24 Evaluation of Stay in the Falklands (2010-2013) 26 Interest in Visiting the Falklands Again (2010-2013) 27 Value for Money (2010-2013) 28 What Leisure Tourists Liked 29 What Leisure Tourists Think Could Be Improved 30 TOURIST EXPENDITURE 31 Average Spend per Person per Night (2010-2013) 31 Tourist Expenditure per Annum (2010-2013) 32 CRUISE TOURISM (DAY VISITORS) 33 CRUISE ARRIVALS 33 Passenger Arrivals (1995-2014) 33 TRIP CHARACTERISTICS 34 Age of Cruise Passengers (2010-2014) 34 Previous Visits to the Falkland Islands (2010-2014) 35 Shore Excursions (2014) 36 Evaluation of Visit (2010-2014) 37 Likelihood of Visiting Again (2010-2014) 38 Desire to take a Land Based Holiday in the Falklands (2010-2014) 39 Evaluation of Length of Stay on the Islands (2010-2014) 40 Importance of the Falklands Islands in the Cruise Itinerary (2010-2014) 41 CRUISE PASSENGER EXPENDITURE 42 Average Spend per Passenger (2009-2011) 42 Cruise Passenger Spend (2008-2014) 43 5 Tourism Statistics 2013 INTRODUCTION When measuring tourism, the Falkland Islands Tourist Board (FITB) follows United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) definitions. -
China and Zimbabwe: the Context and Contents of a Complex Relationship
CHINA & ZIMBABWE: CONTEXT & CONTENTS OF A COMPLEX RELATIONSHIP OCCASIONAL PAPER 202 Global Powers and Africa Programme October 2014 China and Zimbabwe: The Context and Contents of a Complex Relationship Abiodun Alao s ir a f f A l a n o ti a rn e nt f I o te tu sti n In rica . th Af hts Sou sig al in Glob African perspectives. ABOUT SAIIA The South African Institute of International Affairs (SAIIA) has a long and proud record as South Africa’s premier research institute on international issues. It is an independent, non-government think tank whose key strategic objectives are to make effective input into public policy, and to encourage wider and more informed debate on international affairs, with particular emphasis on African issues and concerns. It is both a centre for research excellence and a home for stimulating public engagement. SAIIA’s occasional papers present topical, incisive analyses, offering a variety of perspectives on key policy issues in Africa and beyond. Core public policy research themes covered by SAIIA include good governance and democracy; economic policymaking; international security and peace; and new global challenges such as food security, global governance reform and the environment. Please consult our website http://www.saiia.org.za for further information about SAIIA’s work. ABOUT THE GLOBA L POWERS A ND A FRICA PROGRA MME The Global Powers and Africa (GPA) Programme, formerly Emerging Powers and Africa, focuses on the emerging global players China, India, Brazil, Russia and South Africa as well as the advanced industrial powers such as Japan, the EU and the US, and assesses their engagement with African countries. -
MDC-T Defeat in Zimbabwe: Was It Only Due to Intimidation?
MDC-T defeat in Zimbabwe: Was it only due to intimidation? By Stephen Ndoma Afrobarometer Policy Paper No. 25 | August 2015 Introduction In the relatively peaceful harmonized elections of July 2013, Zimbabwe’s President Robert Mugabe overwhelmingly defeated challenger Morgan Tsvangirai, 61% to 34%. Mugabe’s party, the Zimbabwe African National Union–Patriotic Front (ZANU-PF), also won 158 of the country’s 210 parliamentary seats, giving it more than a two-thirds majority in the lower House of Assembly, as well as a large majority of local council seats. Some parts of Zimbabwean society and the international community were shocked by the outcome, given the strong performance of Tsvangirai and his Movement for Democratic Change–Tsvangirai (MDC-T) in previous elections. In fact, Tsvangirai had outpolled Mugabe in the first round of the March 2008 presidential elections before withdrawing from a runoff that he described as a “violent sham” that endangered his supporters. The inconclusive 2008 elections led to the power-sharing Government of National Unity (GNU), established in February 2009, under which Mugabe retained the presidency while Tsvangirai became prime minister. The GNU was expected to steer Zimbabwe through its transition and eventually be terminated after the holding of free, fair, and credible elections. Following voters’ overwhelming endorsement of a new Constitution in March 2013, the results of the July 2013 elections left many observers shaking their heads in disbelief. The MDC-T charged electoral chicanery and described the outcome as “heavily manipulated” and “illegitimate.” One of the reasons for the ZANU-PF victory most frequently cited by the MDC-T and some civil society organisations is that the use of political intimidation and violence in election campaigns has worked against the MDC-T’s march toward State House. -
Country Health Cluster / Sector Dashboard December 2020
COUNTRY HEALTH CLUSTER / SECTOR DASHBOARD DECEMBER 2020 PEOPLE TARGETED 90.8 million REQUESTED FUNDING US$ 3.6 billion FUNDED US$ 1.1 billion 30% CLUSTERS/SECTORS 28 national 2 regional 128 sub-hubs STAFF 25 FT HCCs (83%) 17 FT IMOs (57%) CO-COORDINATION 11 by MoH This dashboard includes all activated clusters and other national health emergencies coordination platforms with a 2020 15 by NGOs Humanitarian Response Plan. LEGEND - The Health Cluster Dashboard as of Septmber 2020 includes COVID-19 figures (COVID- 19 PiN/targeted and funding requested/received for COVID-19), when Country Health Clusters have made these publicly available. Not all Country Health Clusters have COVID-19 figures publicly available. - When available, updated Humanitarian Response Plans, COVID-19 extensions and country COVID-19 response plans are hyperlinked from the Country Cluster name. - Given the complexities of the COVID-19 addendums, it is sometimes not possible to disaggregate COVID-19 and HRP data sufficiently to sum. In those cases, the maximum figure was taken to ensure no double counting. FT - Full Time PT - Part Time a.i. – ad interim/acting INGO – International Nongovernmental Organization NNGO – National Nongovernmental Organization HCC – Health Cluster Coordinator IMO – Information Management Officer PHO – Public Health Officer MOH – Ministry of Health SUB-NATIONAL HUBS – click on hyperlinks for more information on the staff AFGHANISTAN BANGLADESH (COX'S BAZAR) BURKINA FASO GRADE 2 PROTRACTED 2 GRADE 2 10.1 million 171.1 million 1.4 million 172.1 -
An Analysis of the Chronicle's Coverage of the Gukurahundi Conflict in Zimbabwe Between 1983 and 1986
Representing Conflict: An Analysis of The Chronicle's Coverage of the Gukurahundi conflict in Zimbabwe between 1983 and 1986 A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the Master of Arts Degree in Journalism and Media Studies Rhodes University By Phillip Santos Supervisor: Professor Lynette Steenveld October 2011 Acknowledgements I am forever in the debt of my very critical, incisive, and insightful supervisor Professor Lynette Steenveld whose encyclopaedic knowledge of social theory, generous advice, and guidance gave me more tban a fair share of epiphanic moments. I certainly would not have made it this far without the love and unstinting support of my dear wife Ellen, and daughter, . Thandiswa. For unparalleled teamwork and dependable friendship, thank you Sharon. My friends Stanley, Jolly, Sthembiso, Ntombomzi and Carolyne, tbank you for all the critical conversations and for keeping me sane throughout those tumultuous moments. I also owe particular debt of gratitude to tbe Journalism Department and UNESCO for enabling my studies at Rhodes University. Abstract This research is premised on the understanding that media texts are discourses and that all discourses are functional, that is, they refer to things, issues and events, in meaningful and goal oriented ways. Nine articles are analysed to explicate the sorts of discourses that were promoted by The Chronicle during the Gukurahundi conflict in Zimbabwe between 1982 and 1986. It is argued that discourses in the news media are shaped by the role(s), the type(s) of journalism assumed by such media, and by the political environment in which the news media operate. The interplay between the ro les, types of journalism practised, and the effect the political environment has on news discourses is assessed within the context of conflictual situations. -
Mentioned Resolution of the Organization of Afri- Can Unity; “5
143 -.Part II mentioned resolution of the Organization of Afri- it was necessary that the Council should consider the can Unity; situation as a matter or urgency. It further stated that “5. Requests all States to assist the Organization despite resolutions 1747 (XVI), 1760 (XVII), 1883 of African Unity in the attainment of this objective; (XVIII) and 1889 (XVIII) of the General Assem- bly, the efforts of the Special Committee established “6. Requests the Organization of African Unity, under resolution 1654 (XVI) and of the United Nn- in accordance with Article 54 of the Charter of the tions Secretary-General, and the repeated appeals made United Nations, to keep the Security Council fully by the African Heads of State and Government, the informed of any action it may take under the present United Kingdom had done nothing to apply resolu- resolution; tion 15 14 (XV) to “its colony of Southern Rhodesia”. “7. Requc,s~s the Secretary-General of the United Moreover, the intensification of repressive measures Nations to follow the situation in the Congo and against the African nationalist leaders, the decision to to report to the Security Council at the appropriate hold elections on the basis of the Constitution of time.” 1961, and the threats of “the so-called Prime Minister The question remained on the list of matters with of the Territory to proclaim the independence” of which the Security Council is seized.‘O” Southern Rhodesia without regard for the opinion of the African inhabitants, had resulted in a deterioration SITUATION IN SOUTHERN RHODESIA of the situation, and had been characterized as consti- Ihxision of 6 May 1965 (1202nd meeting): tuting “a threat to international peace and security”. -
ZANU-PF's Use of Ethnic Conflict As a Means of Maintaining Political
S TRATEGY OF D OMINATION ZANU-PF’S USE OF ETHNIC CONFLICT AS A MEANS OF MAINTAINING POLITICAL CONTROL IN ZIMBABWE, 1982-2006 Master of Arts in Law and Diplomacy Thesis Submitted by Brian Eric Abrams 25 April 2006 © 2006 Brian Eric Abrams http://fletcher.tufts.edu Abstract Zimbabwe is currently a country in crisis politically and economically. President Robert Mugabe’s extreme policies against the opposition have led to Zimbabwe’s international isolation. Within Africa, however, Mugabe has largely been shielded from criticism. The framing of his campaign against the opposition within the rhetoric of anti- colonialism has created a veil of legitimacy behind which Mugabe has been free to act. This paper argues that Robert Mugabe and his ZANU-PF party have habitually used ethnic conflict as a self-serving political weapon in Zimbabwe. It first develops a two- tiered theoretical framework within which the case of Zimbabwe can analyzed. It then analyzes three case studies in which Mugabe utilized ethnic conflict to neutralize political opposition: the campaign against the Zimbabwe African People’s Union (1982-1987); the legitimization of the seizure of white-owned farms by ex-combatants (1998-2005); and the repression of the Movement for Democratic Change (2000-2006). 2 3 Table of Contents I. Introduction ...........................................................................................................................5 II. Theoretical Framework ........................................................................................................9