China and Zimbabwe: the Context and Contents of a Complex Relationship
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Country Advice Zimbabwe Zimbabwe – ZWE36759 – Movement for Democratic Change – Returnees – Spies – Traitors – Passports – Travel Restrictions 21 June 2010
Country Advice Zimbabwe Zimbabwe – ZWE36759 – Movement for Democratic Change – Returnees – Spies – Traitors – Passports – Travel restrictions 21 June 2010 1. Deleted. 2. Deleted. 3. Please provide a general update on the situation for Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) members, both rank and file members and prominent leaders, in respect to their possible treatment and risk of serious harm in Zimbabwe. The situation for MDC members is precarious, as is borne out by the following reports which indicate that violence is perpetrated against them with impunity by Zimbabwean police and other Law and Order personnel such as the army and pro-Mugabe youth militias. Those who are deemed to be associated with the MDC party either by family ties or by employment are also adversely treated. The latest Country of Origin Information Report from the UK Home Office in December 2009 provides recent chronology of incidents from July 2009 to December 2009 where MDC members and those believed to be associated with them were adversely treated. It notes that there has been a decrease in violent incidents in some parts of the country; however, there was also a suspension of the production of the „Monthly Political Violence Reports‟ by the Zimbabwe Human Rights NGO Forum (ZHRF), so that there has not been a comprehensive accounting of incidents: POLITICALLY MOTIVATED VIOLENCE Some areas of Zimbabwe are hit harder by violence 5.06 Reporting on 30 June 2009, the Solidarity Peace Trust noted that: An uneasy calm prevails in some parts of the country, while in others tensions remain high in the wake of the horrific violence of 2008…. -
Natural Resources and Conflict in Africa: the Rt Agedy of Endowment Nurudeen Akinyemi Kennesaw State University, [email protected]
Journal of Global Initiatives: Policy, Pedagogy, Perspective Volume 3 Article 10 Number 2 Globalization and the Unending Frontier June 2010 Book Review: Natural Resources and Conflict in Africa: The rT agedy of Endowment Nurudeen Akinyemi Kennesaw State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/jgi This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Recommended Citation Akinyemi, Nurudeen (2010) "Book Review: Natural Resources and Conflict in Africa: The rT agedy of Endowment," Journal of Global Initiatives: Policy, Pedagogy, Perspective: Vol. 3 : No. 2 , Article 10. Available at: https://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/jgi/vol3/iss2/10 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@Kennesaw State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Global Initiatives: Policy, Pedagogy, Perspective by an authorized editor of DigitalCommons@Kennesaw State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Journal for Global Initiatives 3(2) (2008). pp. 219-223 BOOK REVIEW Abiodun Alao, Natural Resources and Conflict in Africa: The Tragedy ofEndowment. Rochester, NY: University ofRochester Press, 2007. Nurudeen Akinyemi, Kennesaw State University In this book, Abiodun Alao explored the relationship between natural resources and conflicts in resource rich African countries. The fact that several domestic conflicts on the African continent have been associated in one way or the other with competition over the control ofnatural resources, have given some credence to the popular notion of a "resource curse" on resource rich African countries. The assumption, specifically, is that the mere existence of a valuable and highly sought after natural resource, is enough to trigger and perpetuate violent conflicts in African countries. -
Politics and Development of Contemporary China
Politics and Development of Contemporary China Series Editors Kevin G. Cai University of Waterloo Renison University College Waterloo, ON, Canada Pan Guang Shanghai Center for International Studies Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences Shanghai, China Daniel C. Lynch School of International Relations University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA, USA As China’s power grows, the search has begun in earnest for what superpower status will mean for the People’s Republic of China as a nation as well as the impact of its new-found influence on the Asia-Pacific region and the global international order at large. By providing a venue for exciting and ground-breaking titles, the aim of this series is to explore the domestic and international implications of China’s rise and transformation through a number of key areas including politics, development and foreign policy. The series will also give a strong voice to non-western perspectives on China’s rise in order to provide a forum that connects and compares the views of academics from both the east and west reflecting the truly international nature of the discipline. More information about this series at http://www.palgrave.com/gp/series/14541 Olayiwola Abegunrin • Charity Manyeruke China’s Power in Africa A New Global Order Olayiwola Abegunrin Charity Manyeruke Howard University and University of Zimbabwe University of Maryland Harare, Zimbabwe Hyattsville, MD, USA Politics and Development of Contemporary China ISBN 978-3-030-21993-2 ISBN 978-3-030-21994-9 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21994-9 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 This work is subject to copyright. -
Introduction Historical Context
INTRODUCTION China-Africa ties have expanded beyond trade and investment in extractive industries to engagement in telecommunications, infrastructure, manufacturing, finance, media, agriculture and peace and security issues. HISTORICAL CONTEXT While not as well documented as Africa’s links with Europe, China-Africa relations date back to the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) when a series of expeditions reached East Africa under the command of Admiral Zheng He, at roughly the same time as the Portuguese were exploring Africa’s Atlantic coast. However, formal political relations were only forged during the early years of the founding of the People’s Republic of China (1949), which intersected with the first wave of African independence. The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence were originally established in 1954 by India’s prime minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, and the Chinese premier, Zhou Enlai. These principles rose to popularity during the 1955 Bandung Conference – which paved the way for the founding of the Non-Aligned Movement – and have become an important basis for China’s foreign policy and its relations with Africa and Asia. China’s support for Africa’s liberation also played an influential role in shaping the outcomes of newly independent states. 2015 is also 60 years since the 1955 Bandung Asian-African conference, a turning point of world history when for the first time representatives of the former colonised nations united and proposed alternatives to a world order dominated by superpowers. - Remarks by African Union Commission Chairperson, Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma, 30 January 2015. …The relationship between ourselves and China is founded, as the Prime Minister reminded us recently, on four basic principles: treating each other sincerely and equally; consolidating solidarity and mutual trust; jointly pursuing inclusive development; and promoting inventive practical cooperation between our countries. -
A Report on the Mapping Study of Peace & Security Engagement In
A Report on the Mapping Study of Peace & Security Engagement in African Tertiary Institutions Written by Funmi E. Vogt This project was funded through the support of the Carnegie Corporation About the African Leadership Centre In July 2008, King’s College London through the Conflict, Security and Development group (CSDG), established the African Leadership Centre (ALC). In June 2010, the ALC was officially launched in Nairobi, Kenya, as a joint initiative of King’s College London and the University of Nairobi. The ALC aims to build the next generation of scholars and analysts on peace, security and development. The idea of an African Leadership Centre was conceived to generate innovative ways to address some of the challenges faced on the African continent, by a new generation of “home‐grown” talent. The ALC provides mentoring to the next generation of African leaders and facilitates their participation in national, regional and international efforts to achieve transformative change in Africa, and is guided by the following principles: a) To foster African‐led ideas and processes of change b) To encourage diversity in terms of gender, region, class and beliefs c) To provide the right environment for independent thinking d) Recognition of youth agency e) Pursuit of excellence f) Integrity The African Leadership Centre mentors young Africans with the potential to lead innovative change in their communities, countries and across the continent. The Centre links academia and the real world of policy and practice, and aims to build a network of people who are committed to the issue of Peace and Security on the continent of Africa. -
Militancy and Violence in West Africa: Reflecting on Radicalisation, Comparing Contexts and Evaluating Effectiveness of Preventive Policies
1 Militancy and violence in West Africa: reflecting on radicalisation, comparing contexts and evaluating effectiveness of preventive policies ’Funmi Olonisakin, Ismail Rashid and James Gow By 2000, ‘radicalisation’ had become a major global issue. Although ‘9/11’ was still a year away, the American Embassies in East Africa had been bombed in 1998 and violent conflicts simmered in many parts of the world. At just about the same time, bitter civil wars, resource-centred conflicts and intra- ethnic strife raged in West Africa. Against the background of research being undertaken at King’s College London,1 the mutually reinforcing links between ‘radicalisation’ and ‘violence’ (potentially sensitive terms, discussed below) in West Africa became clearly obvious and a successful application to investigate this was submitted to the UK Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC).2 This Special Issue contains articles emerging from that work, with a set of country studies complemented by overarching synthetic analysis. ’Funmi Olonisakin is Director of the African Leadership Centre and Conflict, Security and Development Group, King’s College London. She is Research Associate with the Department of Political Science, University of Pretoria. She previously worked in the Office of the UN Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Children and Armed Conflict. Ismail Rashid, a Sierra Leonean, is a Professor of History at Vassar College. He received his PhD in African History from McGill University. He is currently completing an anthology (with Sylvia Macaulay) tentatively titled, The ‘Province of Freedom’ at Fifty: Paradoxes of History and Memory in Post-colonial Sierra Leone (forthcoming 2013). James Gow is Professor of International Peace and Security and Co-Director of the War Crimes Research Group, King’s College London. -
The Mortal Remains: Succession and the Zanu Pf Body Politic
THE MORTAL REMAINS: SUCCESSION AND THE ZANU PF BODY POLITIC Report produced for the Zimbabwe Human Rights NGO Forum by the Research and Advocacy Unit [RAU] 14th July, 2014 1 CONTENTS Page No. Foreword 3 Succession and the Constitution 5 The New Constitution 5 The genealogy of the provisions 6 The presently effective law 7 Problems with the provisions 8 The ZANU PF Party Constitution 10 The Structure of ZANU PF 10 Elected Bodies 10 Administrative and Coordinating Bodies 13 Consultative For a 16 ZANU PF Succession Process in Practice 23 The Fault Lines 23 The Military Factor 24 Early Manoeuvring 25 The Tsholotsho Saga 26 The Dissolution of the DCCs 29 The Power of the Politburo 29 The Powers of the President 30 The Congress of 2009 32 The Provincial Executive Committee Elections of 2013 34 Conclusions 45 Annexures Annexure A: Provincial Co-ordinating Committee 47 Annexure B : History of the ZANU PF Presidium 51 2 Foreword* The somewhat provocative title of this report conceals an extremely serious issue with Zimbabwean politics. The theme of succession, both of the State Presidency and the leadership of ZANU PF, increasingly bedevils all matters relating to the political stability of Zimbabwe and any form of transition to democracy. The constitutional issues related to the death (or infirmity) of the President have been dealt with in several reports by the Research and Advocacy Unit (RAU). If ZANU PF is to select the nominee to replace Robert Mugabe, as the state constitution presently requires, several problems need to be considered. The ZANU PF nominee ought to be selected in terms of the ZANU PF constitution. -
Zimbabwe: Women Fearing Gender- Based Harm Or Violence
Country Policy and Information Note Zimbabwe: Women fearing gender- based harm or violence Version 2.0 February 2017 Preface This note provides country of origin information (COI) and policy guidance to Home Office decision makers on handling particular types of protection and human rights claims. This includes whether claims are likely to justify the granting of asylum, humanitarian protection or discretionary leave and whether – in the event of a claim being refused – it is likely to be certifiable as ‘clearly unfounded’ under s94 of the Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act 2002. Decision makers must consider claims on an individual basis, taking into account the case specific facts and all relevant evidence, including: the policy guidance contained with this note; the available COI; any applicable caselaw; and the Home Office casework guidance in relation to relevant policies. Country Information The COI within this note has been compiled from a wide range of external information sources (usually) published in English. Consideration has been given to the relevance, reliability, accuracy, objectivity, currency, transparency and traceability of the information and wherever possible attempts have been made to corroborate the information used across independent sources, to ensure accuracy. All sources cited have been referenced in footnotes. It has been researched and presented with reference to the Common EU [European Union] Guidelines for Processing Country of Origin Information (COI), dated April 2008, and the European Asylum Support Office’s research guidelines, Country of Origin Information report methodology, dated July 2012. Feedback Our goal is to continuously improve our material. Therefore, if you would like to comment on this note, please email the Country Policy and Information Team. -
Ethnicity, Development and the Dynamics of Political Domination in Southern Matabeleland
IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS) Volume 19, Issue 4, Ver. III (Apr. 2014), PP 137-149 e-ISSN: 2279-0837, p-ISSN: 2279-0845. www.iosrjournals.org Ethnicity, Development and the Dynamics of Political Domination in Southern Matabeleland Clifford Mabhena Institute of Development Studies- National University of Science and Technology-Bulawayo, Zimbabwe Abstract: This article argues that the hegemony of the Shona people in Zimbabwe has been largely influenced by ethnicity and the quest to dominate Matabeleland politically, socially and economically. Development marginalisation of Matabeleland region, I argue has been influenced by ethnicity and politics of revenge. The study used ethnography to collect data and hence in-depth interviews were used as data collection tools. The results of the study indicate that Matabeleland has been largely dominated by the Shona ethnic group, and arguments advanced by scholars for this dominance, it is argued, Ndebele dominated the Shona people in the 19th and 20th centuries. This was due to conquest by the marauding Ndebele warriors under the leadership of King Mzilikazi and latter on King Lobhengula. The ascendance of the Zimbabwe African National Union Patriotic Front (ZANUPF) in the 1980 independence elections opened the gates for the ascendancy of the Shona people as the party was pre-dominantly Shona speaking. The march to state house by the ZANUPF dominated party created a lot of tension between the two ethnic groups; Ndebele and Shona, and hence the lashing out of the fifth brigade in 1983 and 1984 in Matabeleland and Midlands provinces of the country. Key words: Hegemony, ethnicity, internal colonisation, marginalisation I. -
Zim Women's Movement Text
A note about the title. ,Q=LPEDEZH¶&KLPXUHQJD·LVFRPPRQO\DVVRFLDWHGZLWKWKHÀUVWchimurenga, the struggle of the Ndebele and the Shona against colonisation in the late 1800s and the second chimurenga the nationalist liberation war waged in the 1960s and 1970s against white minority rule in Rhodesia. The word, as is depicted by these eras speaks to a revolutionary struggle; or popular protest against a set of ideologies, systems and circumstances. The title of this book She-murenga is an attempt to extend and reclaim the word from its dominant meanings. It captures the spirit of struggle against oppressive forces be it for independence, democracy, gender equality, eco- nomic justice and ultimately in the context of this book making visible Zim- babwean women’s struggles for rights, equality and lives free from violence. Note: As Fungai Muchirori points out in a conversation in June 2011, the Ndebele equivalent, ‘Umvukela Wokuqala’, is little quoted in historical and contemporary literature, thus situating this revolutionary concept within Sho- na language, and I dare add, a predominantly Shona history. Shereen Essof December, 2012 The Zimbabwean Women’s Movement 1995 – 2000 Shereen Essof Published by Weaver Press, Box A1922, Avondale, Harare. 2013 <www.weaverpresszimbabwe.com> Distributed in Europe and the USA by <www.africanbookscollective.com> © Shereen Essof, 2013 7KLVERRNZDVÀUVWSUHSDUHGDVDPLQRUGLVVHUWDWLRQLQ SDUWLDOIXOÀOPHQWRI WKHUHTXLUHPHQWVIRUWKHDZDUGRI WKH degree of Masters of Social Science in Gender and Transformation, Faculty of Humanities, University of Cape Town, 2003. Typeset by Weaver Press, Harare Cover: Danes Design, Harare. Printed by Preciex, Mauritius The author and publishers would like to express their grati- tude to Hivos for the publication of this text. -
An Analysis of the Chronicle's Coverage of the Gukurahundi Conflict in Zimbabwe Between 1983 and 1986
Representing Conflict: An Analysis of The Chronicle's Coverage of the Gukurahundi conflict in Zimbabwe between 1983 and 1986 A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the Master of Arts Degree in Journalism and Media Studies Rhodes University By Phillip Santos Supervisor: Professor Lynette Steenveld October 2011 Acknowledgements I am forever in the debt of my very critical, incisive, and insightful supervisor Professor Lynette Steenveld whose encyclopaedic knowledge of social theory, generous advice, and guidance gave me more tban a fair share of epiphanic moments. I certainly would not have made it this far without the love and unstinting support of my dear wife Ellen, and daughter, . Thandiswa. For unparalleled teamwork and dependable friendship, thank you Sharon. My friends Stanley, Jolly, Sthembiso, Ntombomzi and Carolyne, tbank you for all the critical conversations and for keeping me sane throughout those tumultuous moments. I also owe particular debt of gratitude to tbe Journalism Department and UNESCO for enabling my studies at Rhodes University. Abstract This research is premised on the understanding that media texts are discourses and that all discourses are functional, that is, they refer to things, issues and events, in meaningful and goal oriented ways. Nine articles are analysed to explicate the sorts of discourses that were promoted by The Chronicle during the Gukurahundi conflict in Zimbabwe between 1982 and 1986. It is argued that discourses in the news media are shaped by the role(s), the type(s) of journalism assumed by such media, and by the political environment in which the news media operate. The interplay between the ro les, types of journalism practised, and the effect the political environment has on news discourses is assessed within the context of conflictual situations. -
ZANU-PF's Use of Ethnic Conflict As a Means of Maintaining Political
S TRATEGY OF D OMINATION ZANU-PF’S USE OF ETHNIC CONFLICT AS A MEANS OF MAINTAINING POLITICAL CONTROL IN ZIMBABWE, 1982-2006 Master of Arts in Law and Diplomacy Thesis Submitted by Brian Eric Abrams 25 April 2006 © 2006 Brian Eric Abrams http://fletcher.tufts.edu Abstract Zimbabwe is currently a country in crisis politically and economically. President Robert Mugabe’s extreme policies against the opposition have led to Zimbabwe’s international isolation. Within Africa, however, Mugabe has largely been shielded from criticism. The framing of his campaign against the opposition within the rhetoric of anti- colonialism has created a veil of legitimacy behind which Mugabe has been free to act. This paper argues that Robert Mugabe and his ZANU-PF party have habitually used ethnic conflict as a self-serving political weapon in Zimbabwe. It first develops a two- tiered theoretical framework within which the case of Zimbabwe can analyzed. It then analyzes three case studies in which Mugabe utilized ethnic conflict to neutralize political opposition: the campaign against the Zimbabwe African People’s Union (1982-1987); the legitimization of the seizure of white-owned farms by ex-combatants (1998-2005); and the repression of the Movement for Democratic Change (2000-2006). 2 3 Table of Contents I. Introduction ...........................................................................................................................5 II. Theoretical Framework ........................................................................................................9