Ailig Morgan Phd Thesis Appendix D
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ETHNONYMS IN THE PLACE-NAMES OF SCOTLAND AND THE BORDER COUNTIES OF ENGLAND Appendix D Ailig Peadar Morgan A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of PhD at the University of St Andrews 2013 Full metadata for this item is available in Research@StAndrews:FullText at: http://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/ Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/10023/4164 This item is protected by original copyright This item is licensed under a Creative Commons License Ethnonyms in the Place-names of Scotland and the Border Counties of England Ailig Peadar Morgan, University of St Andrews Appendix D: Database of toponyms with a potential ethnonymic element Hyperlink: Database page: Database introduction ............................................................2 A ..............................................................................................8 B.............................................................................................29 C.............................................................................................46 D ............................................................................................86 E...........................................................................................110 F ...........................................................................................130 G ..........................................................................................147 H ..........................................................................................163 I............................................................................................172 J............................................................................................194 K...........................................................................................195 L ...........................................................................................198 M..........................................................................................208 N ..........................................................................................214 O ..........................................................................................221 P...........................................................................................222 R...........................................................................................248 S ...........................................................................................262 T...........................................................................................310 U ..........................................................................................316 W .........................................................................................317 Y...........................................................................................324 Ethnonyms in Place-names database, page 1 Database introduction The database consists of an entry for each place-name in the study area for which identification with an ethnonym is either probable or possible, in alphabetical order. Each entry is laid out according to the following schema: 1) Headname + identification tag + motivation + thesis chapter + evaluation Grid reference + topography + secondary names + aliases Description 2) Interpretation history 3) Early forms 4) Linguistic analysis Postulated original form + interpretation 5) Discussion Headname The headname is given in bold type, typically using the latest spelling employed in OS mapping. In the absence of any past or present OS form, the latest securely identified recorded form is adopted. Extant headnames in Gaelic orthography are emended as necessary in line with the spelling conventions adopted by the OS through the Gaelic Names Liaison Committee (GNLC 2006), the forerunner of the inter-authority partnership Ainmean-Àite na h-Alba ~ Gaelic Place-Names of Scotland (AÀA), in the interest of consistency across OS data sets and wider Gaelic use. Headnames are otherwise only emended to correct obvious typographical or transcription errors (e.g. "Camas nan Gall KLE-ARG", for Camas na Gall), or to regularise word-initial capitalisation (e.g. "Lowlandmens Yle TNG-SUT", for lowlandmens yle†). Identification tag Each headname is given a tag, together constituting a unique identifier in the context of the study. Tags have a geographical reference, usually consisting of a locality code followed by a county code (e.g. "Airswood WES-DMF", for Airswood in the parish of Ethnonyms in Place-names database, page 2 Westerkirk and the county of Dumfriesshire). Scottish localities are fixed by a three-letter code identifying the relevant parish, as listed in Appendix A §iii. English localities are fixed by a four-letter-code identifying the relevant registration district, also listed in Appendix A §iii: for the parish of Berwick-upon-Tweed, included in the OS Object Name Books for Scotland, both parish and English registration district are shown, that is, BET/BERW. (In the database, the locality is, for convenience, also given in brackets in full.) When it has not been possible to identify the locality, this is stated. If the headname and codes combined are insufficient to create a unique tag for the entry, then this is achieved by the addition of a superscript numeral to the locality code (e.g. "Eilean nan Gall TNG²-SUT"). The county code is as listed in Appendix A §iv. If the county covering the location of the name changed in a reorganisation between 1889 and 1975, the new county is shown bracketed in superscript following the old (e.g. "Coire nan Gall KLE-ARG(INV)", for a location on mainland Argyllshire that was reallocated to Inverness-shire). An extensive feature covering, or covered by, numerous counties is indicated by a sun-ray symbol (e.g. "Scotland ☼"). If the name refers to a feature which sits on the border between localities, and/or between counties, the relevant codes are joined by the plus sign (e.g. "Cnoc nan Gall FRR+HAL-SUT+CAI", located on the border of the parishes of Farr and Halkirk, and on the border between Sutherland and Caithness). Any article prefixed to the headname is shown, followed by a tilde: feminine Gaelic nouns have any lenition caused by this article removed (e.g. "Machair Ghallta ☼ A'~", for A' Mhachair Ghallta). If the headname is obsolete, this is indicated by a dagger: obsolescence is defined for the purposes of the study as not being reported as extant in 1950 or thereafter (e.g. "Creag Losgaidh nan Gall HAR-INVHeb †", recorded in 1938). If the name is only extant as an existing name incorporated in a secondary name, this is indicated by a double dagger (e.g. "Airswood WES-DMF ‡", extant only in the secondary names Airswood Hill, Airswood Moss and Airswood Sike). If extant but not featured on current OS mapping of any scale, the headname is followed by a lozenge (e.g. "Pictish Well DUF-MOR ◊", recorded by Morris & Morris (1982, 147), but not mapped by the OS). Ethnonyms in Place-names database, page 3 Motivation A motivation for the coining of the name is allocated to all those judged to probably be ethnonymic, but not to those only possibly so. The categories – antiquarian, borderland, coincidental, commemorative, domain, figurative, resource, transit or unknown – are as defined in the Glossary and explained in Chapter 1 §e. Thesis Chapter A cross-reference is given to the main chapter to which the name relates. Evaluation An evaluation is given as to whether the identification with the relevant ethnonym is 'probable' (i.e. considered likely, typically supported by linguistic, historical, archaeological, toponymic and/or traditional evidence) or 'possible' (i.e. one or more alternative interpretations are considered to be at least just as likely, or other substantial doubts remain). Grid reference A six digit national grid reference provides coordinates determining a 100 metre square location of the named feature. For large spatial features or areas, other than the most extensive, a significant local focus such as a parish church or a crossroads is marked by the grid reference. For an elevated relief feature, the highest point is given. For a linear feature, the reference is the point where the feature ends, for example where a water course joins a larger water-course or body of water. For a bidirectional linear feature, such as a road, pass or wall, the estimated central point or highest point of a hill range is given. If the identification of the location is uncertain, then the grid reference is preceded by a question mark. When an approximate location for an unidentified location is given, a reference preceded by the 'at' symbol (@) is given for an associated feature, such as the settlement of the farm containing a field-name, or the central point of the relevant parish (e.g. "Englishfield CIE-ABD † @NJ469440", being the grid reference for the habitation on Smallburn farm, on which the headname is located, at grid square NJ, easting 469 metres by northing 440 metres). Ethnonyms in Place-names database, page 4 Topography A topographic code, as listed in Appendix A §v, is given in brackets to describe the apparent nature of the feature when it was first recorded as a primary name (e.g. "(SS)", for a settlement). Secondary names The generic elements used in forming any secondary names derived from the headname are given in alphabetical order and standardised spelling. Each generic is preceded by the plus sign (e.g. "+Hill, +Moss, +Sike", for the secondary names Airswood