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Desert Bighorn Council Transactions Volume 1

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Desert Bighorn Council Transactions Volume 1 DESERT BIGHORN COUNCIL TRANSACTIONS VOLUME 1 Desert Bighorn Council FIRST ANNUAL MEETING DESERT BIGHORN SHEEP COUNCIL September 23, 24, and 25, 1957 Palm Room - Royal Nevada Hotel Las Vegas, Nevtda National Applied Resources Science Center BLM LIBRARY RS 150A, Bldg 50 Denyer Federal Center RIQ. BQX 25047 Denyey, CQ 80225 Due to the informal nature of the meetings, particularly the discussion sessions none of this material may be used or quoted without the written permission of the author or speaker, TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ROSTER . First Annual Meeting. Desert Bighorn Sheep Council ...1 WELOME ADDRESS . Winston E. Banko ............. 2 STATUS OF BIGHORN SHEEP IN NEW MEXICO . Sidney Paul Gordon ...3 STATUS OF BIGHORN SHEEP IN ARIZONA . Warren Kelly ....5 STATUS OF BIGHORN SHEEP IN CALIFORNIA a Richard Werner ...... STATUS OF BIGHORN S'IIEEP IN NEVADA . A1 Jonez . .......a STATUS OF BIGHORN SHEEP IN GRAND WiON NATIONAL PAW AND MOWMENT . RobertH.Bendt. .......e.e....... THE NATIONAL PARIC SERVICE AND ITS WILDLIFE PROGRAM Gordon Fredine . STATUS OF BIGHORN SHEEP IN DEATH VALLEY . Ralph E. Welles ..... STATUS OF B'fG'HXN SHEEP ZN TEE KQFA AND TtE CABEWb El'IETA GAME RANGES . GaleMonsoe e.................. STATUS OF EPGHOREJ SHEEP OM THE §AN ANDRE§ NATIONAL KOFWbE3T. LA3 CRUCES. NEW MEXICO . Cecil A. Kennedy ............. ADDITIONAL INTORMATION ON THE STATUS OF BIGHORN SHEEP IN NEW MEXICO . HemanA.Ogren .................. STATUS OF THE BIGIDRN SHEEP ON THE DESERT GAME RANGE . M. Clair Aldous DISEASE AND MECHANICAL I.N.TURY IN DESERT BIGHORN SHEEP - Edward L. Johnson SURVIVALA AND HERD COMPOSITION ............. 61 SEASONAL FOOD REQUIREMENTS AND MTTRITION . , . 64 TERRITORY OF INDIVIDUALS AND BANDS .............68 BURRO-BIGHORN COMPETITZON AND CONTROL ............ 78 HUNTING ................*...77 CENSUSXNG TECMNIQUES .................. 88 SIGNREADING ....................94 BUSINESSMEETING .......e..........97 FIELDTRfP .....................98 ROSTER - FIRST ANNUAL MEXTING DESERT BIGIKRN SHEEP COUNCIL - 1957 Albus, M. Clair, Wildlife Management Biologist, U. S, Fish znd Wildlife Service, Desert Game Range, Box 432, Las Vegas, Nevada Banko, Winston E., Refuge Manager, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Desert Game Range: Box 432, Las Vegas, Nevada. Bendt, Robert H., Biologist, National Park Service, Grand Canyon, Arizona. Cowell, Robert, Game Manager I, California Department of Fish and Game, Cima, California. Dazey, Dean, District Ranger, Lake Mead National Recreation Area, Boulder City, Nevada. Devan, B. A., Wildlife Management Biologist, U. S. Fish md Wildlife Service, Desert Game Range, Box 432, Las Vegas, Nevada, Fredine, C. Gordon, Principal Naturalist, Biology, Naticnal Park Service, Department of the fntericr, Bashington 25, D. C. Goodman, John D., Associate Pr~fessor 04 Biology, Desert Protective Council, University of Redlands, Redlands, California, Groves, Frank W., Director, Nevada Fish and Game Cormnission, Box 678, Reno, Nevada. Hatch, Louis D., Refuge Manager, U. S, Fish adWildlife Service, Havasu National Wildlife Refuge, P. 0. Box 1717, Parker, Arizona, 1) bgham, Xerditt E., Bark Naturalist, National Park Seivicz, Death Valley National Monument, Death Valley, California, Johnson, Edward L., Veterinarian, U. S. Army - U. S, Atomic Energy Comission, Las Vegas Braach, Las Vegas, Nevada Jonez, A1 Ray, District Su~ervisor,Nevada Fish and Game Conunission, P. G. Bax 1466, Eas Vegas, Nevada Keefe, Joe, Chief Ranger, Lake Mead National Recreatioa Area, Boulder City, Nevada, Kelly, Warren E., District Technician, Arizona Game plld Fish Cepsrtment, P. 0. Box 1232, Wickenburg, Arizona. Kennedy, Cecil A., Refuge Manager, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, San Andres National Wildlife Refuge, Box 791, Las Cruces, New Mexico, Kemedy, Charles E., Refuge Maaager, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Kofa Game Range, Box 1032, Yuma, Arizona Mitchell, L. J,, Assistant Chief Ranger, National Park Service, Lake Mead National Recreation Area, Boulder City, Nevada Monson, Gale, Refuge Manager in Charge, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Kofa and Cabeza Prieta Game Ranges, P. 0. Box 1032, Yuma, Arizona Nowak, John H., Assistant Refuge Manager, U, S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Desert Geme Range, Box 432, Laa Vegas, Nevada Ogren, Herman August, Biologist Aid, New Mexico Dzpartmeilt of Game and Fish, Roy, New Mexico. Reed, John J., District Tec'mician, Arizona Gane and Fish Department, P. 0. Box 547, Wickenburg, Arizona Richey, Charles A,, Superirtendent Lake Nead Natinaal Recreation Area, National Park Service, Drawer 1, Boulder City, Nevada. Russo, John P., District Biologist, Arizona Game and Fish Department, Ryan Station, Fredonia, Arizona. Stunner, Lowell, Biologist, Sequoia Natioral Park, Three Rivers, California Supernaugh, William R., Assistant Superintezdent, Lake Mead National Recreation Area, National Park Service, Boulder City, Nevada. Weaver, Richard A., Game Manager I, California Department of Fish and Game, 6535 Villa Vista Drive, Riverside, California WELCOME ADDRESS Winston E. Banko I want to extend a welcome to all you bighorn men on behalf of the personnel here on the Desert Game Range. The idea of holding inter-state meetings between game techincians interested in one particular species goes badk several ya&rs, Those hterested ih the welfare of the prairie chidken weye among the originators, and they still hold annual meetings somewhere in the' midwest to exchange information anti stimulate research thinking. I think we are all agreed this is a good idea. If we can all take home with us one gocd idea, the meeting will have been worthwhile. Clair Aldous and Joh Now.& here have been instrmental in .getthg thls assembly, and I know thaf they are gratified at the attendance here today. I would now like to turn the meeting over to Mr. Aldous, who will act as underator of thls morning's session. Mr. Aldous : THE STATUS OF *BIGHORN SHEEP IN NEW MEXICO Sidney Paul Gordon L' . At one the or another Mexican bighorns have occupied nearlyLev@ryrange of hills end mountains in the southern half of New Mexico. It is true that they were transients in many areas but they occasionally used most of them. They have disappeared from most areas since 1900. Today they are not the nomadic drifters they were 75 years ago. They have retreated into what is apparently the most desirable part of their former range. The International Boundary Commission fence constructed in 1948 and 1949 no longer permits 'drift between Mexico and New Mexico. Ranching and national defense activities prevent most of this drift in other areas. The mountains of southern New Mexico that are still partially inhabited by bighorns are all gealogically similar. All of them consist of up-faulted blocks of previously folded and faulted limestone of great thickness. Since limestone of the Paleozoic Age is the thickest in this region, limestone of this age is predominantly exposed. The up-folded blocks are relatively recent and there- fore there has been little erosion. The predominact tcpzsraphy is one of steep rocky slopes with numerous ledges and small cliffs of out:roi?ing limestone. This description is particularly true cf the Big Hatchets. The surrounding ranges are volcanic in origin and the topography is quite different. They have steep canyon walls which many times are nearly unbroken. The edges sf these ranges often form steep cliffs and escarpments. However, the upper sur- faces between the canyons are often weathered to a rolling, subdued terrain. As a result, these mountains offer few of the ledges and points utilized by bighorns for bedding and loafing grounds. This seems to be the principal reason that bighorns restrict their range to the Big Hatchets in that area. Hexican Bighorns in New Mexico are now confined almost entirely to the Big Hatchet and San Andres Mountains. The Big Hatchets have been in a refuge for nearly 30 years. There has been no legal hunting in the mountain range except for dove and quail during the 1956 and 1957 seasons and two bighorn seasons. At various times during the past.20 years, it has been estimated that there were 300 sheep in this mountain range. Many adverse factors have affected this number until today there are probably not over 50. The bulk of the sheep range falls in areas where there is competition for forage from horses, cattle and deer. The no hunting policy in the refuge allowed the deer population to build up to staggering propott$ons. Rumen samples from sheep and deer in the area indicate that deer compete with bighorns for 100 percent of their diet., Deer do not take everything that the sheep take, but the sheep take to some extent every item appearing in the deer diet. A four year reieirch was comp1,eted on the Big Hatchet area this year. Isle found that there we& 'a series of factors that combined to limit this sheep population. A prolonged overuse of the range by game and domestic livestock seems to be the principal reason. Livestock numbers have been repeatedly reduc- ed because of poor range conditions during the past few years. Investigations indicated that there were an excess number of bighorn rams in 1953 and 1955. Limited hunts were held in January 1954 and in December 1955. Fourtken hunters killed eleven rams in 1954 and twelve hunters killed six rams in 1955. These hunts probably benefited the sheep herd but only slightly influenced the compe- tition for browse. After 1946 a large deer population built up in this mauntain range. It reached its peak in 1954. Each year since there has been a "die off" in the deer herd. A severe drought accompanied the buildup and climax of the deer herd. The deer population is greatly reduced but it has never gone low enough to permit adequate recovery of the browse. A good growing season this year has produced enough forage so that conditions exist that may cause the deer population to mushroom in 1958. Parts of the range have lost up to 90 percent of the available browse. In other areas, evergreen browse was replaced by deciduous- browse.
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