INSECTA MUNDI A Journal of World Insect Systematics 0527 Annotated World Bibliography of Host Plants of the Melon Fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) (Diptera: Tephritidae) Grant T. McQuate USDA-ARS, Daniel K. Inouye U.S. Pacifi c Basin Agricultural Research Center (DKIPBARC) 64 Nowelo Street Hilo, HI 96720 Nicanor J. Liquido USDA-APHIS-PPQ, Center for Plant Health Science and Technology 300 Ala Moana Blvd. Honolulu, HI 96850 Kelly A. A. Nakamichi Center for Integrated Pest Management (CIPM) North Carolina State University Raleigh, NC 27606 Date of Issue: February 24, 2017 CENTER FOR SYSTEMATIC ENTOMOLOGY, INC., Gainesville, FL Grant T. McQuate, Nicanor J. Liquido, and Kelly A. A. Nakamichi Annotated World Bibliography of Host Plants of the Melon Fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) (Diptera: Tephritidae) Insecta Mundi 0527: 1–339 ZooBank Registered: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:AA9AB625-4CAB-49D9-A2AA-0C05F41E2076 Published in 2017 by Center for Systematic Entomology, Inc. P. O. 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Archived digitally by Portico. Florida Virtual Campus: http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/insectamundi University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Digital Commons: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi/ Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hebis:30:3-135240 Copyright held by the author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Com- mons, Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Layout Editor for this article: Eugenio H. Nearns 0527: 1–339 2017 Annotated World Bibliography of Host Plants of the Melon Fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) (Diptera: Tephritidae) Grant T. McQuate USDA-ARS, Daniel K. Inouye U.S. Pacifi c Basin Agricultural Research Center (DKIPBARC) 64 Nowelo Street Hilo, HI 96720 [email protected] Nicanor J. Liquido USDA-APHIS-PPQ, Center for Plant Health Science and Technology 300 Ala Moana Blvd. Honolulu, HI 96850 [email protected] Kelly A. A. Nakamichi Center for Integrated Pest Management (CIPM) North Carolina State University Raleigh, NC 27606 [email protected] Abstract. The melon fl y, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is a widespread, economically important tephritid fruit fl y species. Bactrocera cucurbitae infests fruits and vegetables of a number of different plant species, with many host plants in the plant family Cucurbitaceae, but with additional hosts scattered across many other plant families. Although thought to be native to India, its distribution has spread throughout many countries in Oriental Asia, into a number of Pacifi c Island nations, and into Africa. The documented introduc- tions into countries outside its native distribution show that this species could establish in other countries where it does not presently occur, particularly through the movement of infested fruit. As with other tephritid fruit fl y species, establishment of B. cucurbitae can have signifi cant economic consequences, including damage and loss of food production, as well as requirements for implementation of costly quarantine treatments to permit export of commodities susceptible to infestation by B. cucurbitae and inspection of susceptible imported commodities. In order to avoid these adverse economic consequences, one needs to prevent the entry, establishment and spread of B. cucurbitae into a new habitat. To successfully achieve this, an accurate knowledge of the fl y’s host plants is essential. Cognizant of this need, we prepared, and present here, a worldwide list of host plants for B. cucurbitae, with annotations on reported laboratory and fi eld infestation data. Overall, 136 plant taxa from 62 plant genera and 30 plant families are identifi ed as hosts of B. cucurbitae, based on reported fi eld infestation data. The predominant family, as expected, is Cucurbitaceae, with 56 plant taxa (41.2% of all host plant taxa) in which fi eld infestation by B. cucurbitae has been documented. The family with the 2nd highest number of documented infested plant taxa is Solanaceae, for which there are published fi eld infestation data for 20 plant taxa (14.7% of plant taxa for which there is documented fi eld infestation). Papers that list plants as hosts of B. cucurbitae based only on laboratory data, those that list plants as a host but do not report any fi eld infestation data, and those that report interception data add an additional 137 host plant taxa, representing a total of 80 genera and 39 plant families, 20 of which are additional plant families beyond those for which there is fi eld infestation data. These additional species must be considered “undetermined” hosts for which additional data are needed to document actual host status. This paper is a comprehensive documentation of host plants of the melon fl y based on recorded infestations in labora- tory and/or fi eld, interceptions at ports of entry, or “listing only” associations. Host records presented here will be used in vetting and developing the offi cial USDA list of host plants of the melon fl y, which will be published by APHIS as a federal order. Key words. Field infestation, lab infestation, interception, Cucurbitaceae, Solanaceae, tephritid fruit fl y Introduction The melon fl y, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) (Fig. 1, 2), is a widespread economically important tephritid fruit fl y species. Although not endemic to Hawaii, U.S.A., it was fi rst described in Honolulu, 2 • INSECTA MUNDI 0527, February 2017 MCQUATE ET AL. Hawaii, by Coquillett (1899), after introduction there from South East Asia (Drew 1989). It was originally described as Dacus cucurbitae Coquillett, but has been placed in other genera, including Chaetodacus and Strumeta (Drew 1989) and, most recently, Zeugodacus (De Meyer et al. 2015, Virgilio et al. 2015). In the present paper, we have chosen to refer to this species as B. cucurbitae. Although there is good support for revising the genus placement to Zeugodacus (De Meyer et al. 2015, Virgilio et al. 2015), there has not been universal acceptance of this change among scientists familiar with tephritid fruit fl y taxonomy, so we will use what has been most commonly used, while further data are accumulated in regards to the desirability of making this change. Although B. cucurbitae is thought to be native to India (Dhillon et al. 2005), its distribution has spread throughout many countries in Oriental Asia (White and Elson-Harris 1992), and into a number of Pacifi c Island nations (Dhillon et al. 2005, Drew 1982). The fi rst report of B. cucurbitae on the African continent was in Tanzania in 1936. Up until 1999, it was only reported in East Africa and the Indian Ocean islands of Mauritius and Réunion (De Meyer et al. 2015), but has now been recovered in West Africa, fi rst in Gambia in 1999. It is now regarded to be present throughout West Africa (Vayssières et al. 2007). The current geographic range of B. cucurbitae is presented in Fig. 3. The distribution pre- sented shows the countries where fi eld infestation by B. cucurbitae has been reported, as well additional countries where adult fl ies have been reported to be present (Xia et al. 2015, CABI 2016). The documented introductions of B. cucurbitae into countries outside its native distribution show that this species could establish in countries where it does not presently occur, particularly through the movement of infested fruit. As with other tephritid fruit fl y species, establishment of B. cucurbitae can have signifi cant economic consequences, including damage and loss of food production, as well as requirements for implementation of costly quarantine treatments to permit export of commodities sus- ceptible to infestation by B.