Harbor Commission From
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
CITY OF SANTA BARBARA WATERFRONT DEPARTMENT MEMORANDUM Date: February 21, 2019 To: Harbor Commission From: Scott Riedman, Waterfront Director Subject: Invasive Asian Kelp (Undaria pinnatifida) in Southern California ______________________________________________________________________ RECOMMENDATION: That Harbor Commission receive a report from Lindsay Marks, Resource Protection Specialist with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary, regarding invasive Asian Kelp. DISCUSSION: In this presentation, Lindsay will share information about the invasive Asian kelp, Undaria pinnatifida, in California. This non-native seaweed has been found in harbors across southern California since the early 2000's, but has recently spread outside harbors to rocky reefs at Anacapa Island. Lindsay will discuss the spread, life history, ongoing research, and management options for this invasive seaweed, and seek the input from harbor commissioners on how to control its spread. A report exploring management options for Undaria produced by NOAA Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary is enclosed. Attachment: Preventing the Spread of the Invasive Alga Undaria pinnatifida in the Santa Barbara Channel Region: Management Options and Case Studies Prepared by: Scott Riedman, Waterfront Director Preventing the Spread of the Invasive Alga Undaria pinnatifida in the Santa Barbara Channel Region: Management Options and Case Studies Roxanne Diaz1, Sean Hastings2, Aubrie Fowler2, and Lindsay Marks2 Wakame (Undaria pinnatifida) 1 Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA 2 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary, Santa Barbara, California, USA ___________________________________________________________________________ Preventing the Spread of the Invasive Alga Undaria pinnatifida in the Santa Barbara Region: Management Options and Case Studies Preface The purpose of this document, “Preventing the Spread of the Invasive Alga Undaria pinnatifida in the Santa Barbara Channel Region: Management Options and Case Studies,” is to provide the Channel Island National Marine Sanctuary Advisory Council (SAC), the Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary and other marine resource management agencies and partners with information on strategies to control and manage the spread of the invasive Asian alga, Undaria pinnatifida, within (and adjacent to) waters of the Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary (CINMS) and Channel Islands National Park. The protected environment in the sanctuary supports unique and diverse marine habitats threatened by the introduction of invasive marine species that can arrive on ocean currents as well as local and visiting vessels. Undaria pinnatifida (hereafter Undaria) is one such invasive species that was recently introduced to the sanctuary and park. As prescribed in Executive Order 13112 (February 1999), executive departments and federal agencies are mandated to take steps to prevent the introduction and spread of invasive species and support efforts to eradicate and control invasive species that have become established. Executive Order 13751 (December 2016), which amended Executive Order 13112, states: “[i]t is the policy of the United States to prevent the introduction, establishment, and spread of invasive species, as well as to eradicate and control populations of invasive species that are established.” Moreover, section 30230 within the California Coastal Act maintains that “[m]arine resources shall be maintained, enhanced, and where feasible, restored….[and] Uses of the marine environment shall be carried out in a manner that...will maintain healthy populations of all species of marine organisms...” Section 30231 within the California Coastal Act prescribes that “[t]he biological productivity and the quality of coastal waters...appropriate to maintain optimum populations of marine organisms...shall be maintained and where feasible, restored.” Federal regulations in place for CINMS (Code of Federal Regulations, Title 15, Sections 922.71 through 922.74) include a prohibition on the introduction of non-native species1 into sanctuary waters (15 CFR 922.72(12)). Despite this, invasive species such as Undaria have been found in sanctuary waters. Therefore, strategies to contain, control, and slow the spread of Undaria must be identified and prioritized. Furthermore, preventative measures are needed to avoid future invasions by other non-native species altogether. Sanctuary staff and partners have expressed an interest and need for a management strategy to eradicate or prevent the further spread of Undaria. It is important to note, however, there are few observations or experiments investigating how Undaria impacts its surrounding environment. Furthermore, given the invasive life history characteristics of Undaria, eradication of established populations is likely not feasible. Section I of this report provides an overview of the global and local threat and expansion of Undaria pinnatifida and offers a suite of potential recommendations to address the management 1 CINMS regulations at 15 CFR 922.71 define “introduced species” as “any species (including but not limited to any of its biological matter capable of propagation) that is non-native to the ecosystems of the Sanctuary; or any organism into which altered genetic matter, or genetic matter from another species, has been transferred in order that the host organism acquires the genetic traits of the transferred genes.” ___________________________________________________________________________ Preventing the Spread of the Invasive Alga Undaria pinnatifida in the Santa Barbara Region: Management Options and Case Studies and control of Undaria in sanctuary waters. An assessment of outcomes, challenges, and management plans from other Undaria infested areas illustrates how Undaria may affect the sanctuary’s marine ecosystem and presents options for the management of its spread. Sections II, III, and IV present case studies from Australia, New Zealand, and Monterey Bay, respectively. These case studies can guide effective, science-based policy, research and monitoring, and education and outreach recommendations to manage Undaria in sanctuary waters. Section V explores case studies of other invasive species that provide some potentially useful strategies to inform relevant recommendations for the management of Undaria. This report was endorsed by the Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary Advisory Council. The advisory council is a 21-member advisory body, providing community and interagency stakeholder advice to the sanctuary superintendent on a variety of sanctuary management issues. This report was presented to, reviewed by, and discussed with the council, and their input was incorporated. Some council members expressed concern about potential restrictions and costs that could result from clean vessel programs and suggested that cost-benefit analyses be done before these strategies are implemented. The council endorsed the report on May 16, 2018, by a vote of 12-to-1 with two seats abstaining. The opinions and findings of the sanctuary advisory council do not necessarily reflect the position of the Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary or the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. For more information on the sanctuary advisory council, visit https://channelislands.noaa.gov/sac/welcome.html. Recommended citation: Diaz, R., Hastings, S., Fowler, A., and Marks, L. Preventing the spread of the invasive alga Undaria pinnatifida in the Santa Barbara Channel region: management options and case studies. Report prepared for NOAA Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary. 47 pp. ___________________________________________________________________________ Preventing the Spread of the Invasive Alga Undaria pinnatifida in the Santa Barbara Region: Management Options and Case Studies Table of Contents Section I: Executive summary 1 Problem Statement Natural History Regional Context Case Studies Overview Recommendations for the Santa Barbara Region Concluding Remarks Marine Invasive Algae Partners Section II: Australia National Management Plan 18 Introduction Management Actions Analysis: Potential Application for the Santa Barbara Channel Region Opportunities and Recommendations References Section III: New Zealand National Management Plan 22 Introduction Management Actions Analysis: Potential Application for the Santa Barbara Channel Region Opportunities and Recommendations References Section IV: Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary Management Plan 27 Introduction Management Actions Analysis: Potential Application for the Santa Barbara Channel Region Opportunities and Recommendations Key Contacts and References Section V: Other Invasive Species Management Strategies 32 Zebra Mussel Management Plan Opportunities and Recommendations ___________________________________________________________________________ Preventing the Spread of the Invasive Alga Undaria pinnatifida in the Santa Barbara Region: Management Options and Case Studies Key Contacts and References Appendix A: Clean Vessel Pass Application Form Appendix B: Undaria pinnatifida Identification Guide Appendix C: Identification and Reporting Flyer Appendix D: Summary Table of Preliminary Action Items ___________________________________________________________________________ Preventing the Spread of the Invasive Alga Undaria pinnatifida