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M Aster Th Esis in Ru Ral D Evelo Pm En T Master Thesis No 33 Master Thesis in Rural Development with Specialization in Livelihood and Natural Resource Management issn 1403-7998 development Forest Protection and Sustainable Livelihoods of People in the Buffer Zone of Cat Tien National Park, Vietnam Case study Village 4, Ta Lai Commune, Tan Phu District, Dong Nai Province rural Mr. Tran Duc Luan, Nong Lam University - Ho Chi Minh City (NLU), Vietnam in thesis Department of Urban and Rural Development Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences master Forest Protection and Sustainable Livelihoods of People in the Buffer Zone of Cat Tien National Park, Vietnam Case study Village 4, Ta Lai Commune, Tan Phu District, Dong Nai Province Mr. Tran Duc Luan, Nong Lam University, Ho Chi Minh City (NLU), Vietnam Master Thesis in Rural Development with Specialization in Livelihoods and Natural Resource Management Master Thesis No 33 | Hue City, Vietnam | September 2006 | ISSN: 1403 7998 Department of Urban and Rural Development | Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences ABSTRACT This study aims to understand the current situation of forest protection in Cat Tien National Park and the livelihoods of the people in village 4, Ta Lai commune, Tan Phu district, Dong Nai province. To achieve this objective, methods were drawn from Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA), in-depth interview, and observation to collect data. This was complemented with a household survey covering a sample size of 150 households (50: Kinh; 50: Stieng; 50: Chau Ma) with the objective of identifying the relationship between Cat Tien National Park and the livelihoods of the people. Besides, discussions with stakeholders involved with the park were conducted to elicit their views and concerns on forest protection and conservation. The results of the study show that forest protection and conservation of Cat Tien National Park is indeed a difficult issue because of the poverty of people in the buffer zone. The balancing conservation and livelihoods remains an ardent process. It was found that there are major differences between people groups in the study site related to ethnicity. The indigenous people (Chau Ma and Stieng) were found to enter the park more often than the Kinh people as livelihood still largely depends on the natural resources of the park. The education level of indigenous people remains low, so the training on production technology to develop the agricultural sector is not effective. In addition, subsidies to indigenous people have created the psychological effect of “heavy reliance to others” behaviour, and this should be viewed as a big barrier for poverty reduction. This study also found that to maintain the value of biodiversity in Cat Tien National Park requires the co-operation of stakeholders, especially the co-operation between local people and staff of the park at all stages in the management process. In addition, the integrated conservation and development project aimed to improve local people’s livelihoods in the buffer zone is considered the way to share benefits and reduce the conflict of interests between stakeholders. Interestingly, local people would like to get involved in sustainable use of forest products in the park. Lastly, it was found that initially local communities need some external support to develop the internal factors, but later, that must be translated into strengths for them to find the best way out of poverty and to achieve sustainable livelihoods in the near future. 2 TÓM TǍT (Abstract in Vietnamese Language) Đề tài này tìm hiểu về thực trạng bảo vệ rừng ở vườn quốc gia Cát Tiên và sinh kế của người dân tại ấp 4, xã Tà Lài, huyện Tân Phú, tỉnh Đồng Nai. Để đạt được mục tiêu trên, các phương pháp nghiên cứu được áp dụng để thu thập dữ liệu như: đánh giá nông thôn có sự tham gia (PRA), phỏng vấn sâu và quan sát thực địa. Dữ liệu còn được bổ sung bởi một cuộc điều tra nông hộ với số mẫu là 150, (bao gồm 50 hộ người Kinh; 50 hộ người Stiêng; 50 hộ người Châu Mạ), tập trung vào việc xác định mối quan hệ giữa vườn quốc gia Cát Tiên và sinh kế của người dân. Bên cạnh đó, những buổi thảo luận với các tổ chức/nhóm liên quan với vườn quốc gia được thực hiện nhằm gợi ra những quan điểm và mối quan tâm của họ về vấn đề bảo tồn và bảo vệ rừng. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy, công tác bảo tồn và bảo vệ rừng của Vườn quốc gia Cát Tiên thật sự là một vấn đề khó khăn do sự nghèo đói của người dân vùng đệm. Sự cân bằng về bảo tồn và sinh kế vẫn đang là một vấn đề nóng bỏng. Liên quan đến vấn đề dân tộc, đề tài đã phát hiện những khác biệt quan trọng giữa các nhóm người trên địa bàn nghiên cứu. Người dân tộc bản địa (Châu Mạ và Stiêng) vào rừng thường xuyên hơn so với người Kinh vì sinh kế của họ phụ thuộc nhiều vào tài nguyên thiên nhiên trong vườn. Trình độ giáo dục của những gười dân bản địa còn thấp nên việc chuyển giao kỹ thuật sản xuất để phát triển khu vực nông nghiệp không đạt được hiệu quả. Ngoài ra, các khoản trợ cấp và hỗ trợ cho đồng bào bản địa đã tạo cho họ tâm lý trông chờ vào sự giúp đỡ, và điều này được xem như là rào cản lớn cho việc giảm nghèo. Nghiên cứu cũng đã nhận ra rằng, để duy trì giá trị đa dạng sinh học trong vườn quốc gia Cát Tiên, thì cần phải có sự hợp tác giữa các bên có liên quan, đặc biệt là sự phối hợp giữa người dân địa phương và nhân viên của vườn ở tất cả các khâu hay giai đoạn trong quá trình quản lý. Thêm vào đó, sự gắn kết giữa hoạt động bảo tồn và các dự án phát triển nhằm nâng cao sinh kế của người dân địa phương ở vùng đệm được xem như là phương cách chia sẽ lợi ích và giảm bớt mâu thuẫn về lợi ích giữa các bên liên quan. Điều lý thú của nghiên cứu này là việc người dân địa phương muốn sử dụng một cách bền vững các lâm sản từ vườn quốc gia. Cuối cùng, nghiên cứu nhận thấy, ở thời điểm ban đầu, cộng đồng địa phương cần sự hỗ trợ từ bên ngoài để phát triển các yếu tố nội lực, nhưng sau đó, những yếu tố cần phải được chuyển thành sức mạnh để giúp cho họ tìm ra con đường thoát khỏi sự nghèo khổ và tiến đến sinh kế bền vững trong tương lai. 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to acknowledge Dr. Neil Powell (SLU) and Dr. Tran Dac Dan (NLU) for their valuable comments and useful recommendations in shaping the structure of this study. Thank you very much! Further gratitude is extended to Dr. Britta Ogle (SLU), Asso. Prof. Le Duc Ngoan (HUAF), Ms Huynh Anh Phuong (HUAF), Dr. Pham Thanh Binh (NLU), and Dr. Le Quang Thong (NLU) for helping me complete the Master Course on Rural development in Hue City, Vietnam. Special mention is accorded to Dr Tran Thi Ut (The former dean of the department of rural development-NLU) for her encouragement to study in Hue City and whose mentoring efforts made research work possible for me. For the fieldwork activities, I acknowledge the efforts of Mr. Nguyen Huynh Thuat (Cat Tien National Park Staff), Ms. Pham Thi Nhien (NLU), Ms. Do Minh Hoang, (NLU), Mr. Duong Xuan Dung (Former Student of NLU), and 16 students of NLU who helped me carry out the field study. Additional gratitude and sincere appreciation goes to the Cat Tien National Park Management Board, the authorities of Ta Lai commune, and the village 4, for the support of my data collection. Endless gratitude is accorded to my ever-supportive father Tran Van Lich, my loving mother Huynh Thi Hai, and my equally gentle young brother - for their love and encouragement all throughout the struggles I went through to complete the MSc program in Rural Development and this thesis study, most specially. Finally, I am very grateful to all my classmates in the MSc course who generously shared their knowledge and experience with me in my study and stay in Hue City, a cultural heritage city in the world. Tran Duc Luan Vietnam, 2006 4 LIST OF CONTENT ABSTRACT TÓM TẮT ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................................................8 1.1 Why research.......................................................................................................................................................................................8 1.2 Structure of the study...................................................................................................................................................................8 1.3 Scope and limitation of the study........................................................................................................................................8 2 BACKGROUND..................................................................................................................................................................10 2.1 Country background information.....................................................................................................................................10 2.2 Buffer zones approach vs. Co-management approach ...............................................................................10 2.3 Overview national parks in the world............................................................................................................................13 2.4 Overview on National Parks in Vietnam.....................................................................................................................14 2.4.1 Political background ......................................................................................................................................................14 2.4.2 The profile of National Parks..................................................................................................................................14
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