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Stakeholder Agency and Rural Development Policy: Articulating Co-Governance in Vietnam

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Stakeholder Agency and Rural Development Policy: Articulating Co-Governance in Vietnam STAKEHOLDER AGENCY IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT POLICY: STAKEHOLDER AGENCY ARTICULATING CO-GOVERNANCE IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT POLICY: ARTICULATING CO-GOVERNANCE IN VIETNAM IN VIETNAM May 2011 Neil Powell, Åsa Gerger Swartling and Hoang Minh Ha (editors) FOREWORD It is with great joy we see this publication on Stakeholder Agency in Rural Development Policy. This book is an outcome of a long journey, and a strong engagement and commitment by the editors, which contributes in many unique ways to our understanding of policy implementation in rural development in Vietnam. Unlike many publications the editors have involved the case study authors throughout the drafting process through a series of dialogues, seminars and write shops, thereby deepening the academic learning on the many and complex issues involved. The blend of case studies by junior and senior research students, experienced researchers and senior policy analysts in combination with a rich and detailed analysis of concepts and findings in the introduction and conclusions by the editors will make this book an excellent contribution to academic training as well as to policy and project implementation in rural development. When we started to work with the Sustainable Rural Development project in Vietnam (RDViet), rural development was given little attention in academic training and research. For the ten universities and research institutes that have been part of the project, RDViet gave unique opportunities in strengthening © 2011 by ICRAF VIETNAM the capacity of planning, designing and implementing multi-disciplinary rural development research, in Published by: ................................................................. linking natural and social sciences, and in networking and communicating across levels from grassroots to ............................................................................................ policy makers. The rich set of case studies in this book by M Sc students, Ph D students, partner researchers and collaborators is an outcome of this. It provides in-depth illustrations on lessons to be learnt from such Citation: Neil Powell, Åsa Gerger Swartling and Hoang Minh Ha (editors). interdisciplinary and inclusive approaches and furthers our understanding of the many difficult decisions 2011. Stakeholder Agency in Rural Development Policy: people make between conservation, improving livelihoods and economic development. The editors' Articulating Co-governance in Vietnam, Hanoi-Vietnam. analysis of the many complex issues in stakeholder participation in governance, in policy implementation World Agroforestry Centre ICRAF. 166p and space for local negotiations during this very dynamic period of rural development in Vietnam provide Photo credits: that added value that will make this book an important reading for academic institutions as well as those ICRAF Vietnam/ Lisa Fitzgerald: Cover and page 1, 17, 19, 31, 49, involved in policy implementation and rural development projects. 79, 121, 139 and 141 ICRAF Vietnam/ Kira de Groot: Page 3 We thank the editors who brought us the original idea of writing the book and congratulate them for this ICRAF Vietnam/ Alba Saray Perez Teran: Page 39 and 109 excellent achievement which we are sure will bring inspiration to many readers in years to come. ICRAF Vietnam: Page 97 Vietnam National Museum of Nature/ Tran Viet Thanh: Page 61 Toquocvietnam.gov.vn: Page 41 Britta Ogle & Le Duc Ngoan Design and layout: Bui Hang Giang Directors and Coordinators for the RDViet Project Printed by: Viet Anh PT CO., LTD I TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 5. MARKET AND RESOURCE ACCESS FOR THE POOR IN THE UPLAND ZONES OF NORTHERN VIETNAM: A CASE STUDY OF TEA GROWERS IN DAI TU DISTRICT, THAI NGUYEN PROVINCE ...................... 49 5.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................ 49 FOREWORD .........................................................................................................................................................................................I 5.2. Research approach ................................................................................................................................................... 50 LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES .................................................................................................................................................V 5.3. The policy and institutional contexts and their impact on the study areas ........................................ 51 CONTRIBUTORS ..............................................................................................................................................................................VI 5.4. Access to markets and resources by poor tea growers ............................................................................... 54 ABBREVIATIONS ..........................................................................................................................................................................VIII 5.5. Empirical findings and recommendations ...................................................................................................... 56 KEY CONCEPTS ............................................................................................................................................................................... X PREFACE ..........................................................................................................................................................................................XIII CHAPTER 6. RURAL CHANGE AND DECENTRALIZATION: THE CASE OF CAT TIEN NATIONAL PARK ........... 61 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................................................................................XIV 6.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................ 61 SECTION 1. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................................................1 6.2. The people in the buffer zone: A history of people groups ....................................................................... 64 CHAPTER 1. RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN VIETNAM ........................................................................................................... 3 6.3. Relationships between the households and the Cat Tien National Park .............................................. 68 1.1. The conceptual framework of this book ............................................................................................................. 4 6.4. Discussion .................................................................................................................................................................... 75 1.2. Rationales for participation ................................................................................................................................... 11 6.5. Conclusions ................................................................................................................................................................. 76 1.3. The challenges of undertaking participation ................................................................................................. 12 1.4. Putting participation into practice ..................................................................................................................... 13 CHAPTER 7. NEW ARRANGEMENT FOR FOREST MANAGEMENT IN VIETNAM: IMPLEMENTATION PROCESSES AND IMPACTS ON RURAL LIVELIHOODS ................................................................................................. 79 SECTION 2. GOVERNANCE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN VIETNAM ............................................................... 17 7.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................ 79 CHAPTER 2. THE NATIONAL POLICY LANDSCAPE: THE LEGACY AND THE PRESENT SITUATION ................ 19 7.2. Implementation processes and the involvement of entities or stakeholders .................................... 80 2.1. The historical context .............................................................................................................................................. 19 7.3. The natural forest allocation implementation process ............................................................................... 85 2.2. The policymaking landscape and structure .................................................................................................... 20 7.4. The actors and their roles in implementing forest land allocation and the natural forest 2.3. Non-governmental actors ..................................................................................................................................... 25 allocation .............................................................................................................................................................................. 87 2.4. Democracy at the grass roots level .................................................................................................................... 26 7.5. Involvement of local people and the nature of their
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