Indigenous Peoples Development Plan

July 2021

Cambodia: Urban Water Supply Project − Pipeline Water Distribution Network in

Prepared by the Ministry of Industry, Science, Technology and Innovation for the Royal Government of and the .

This indigenous peoples development plan is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section of this website.

In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS

Currency Unit = riel (KHR) KHR1.00 = 0.0002469 USD1.00 = KHR 4050.1634 (10 June 2021)

ABBREVIATIONS

ADB - Asian Development Bank AHs - Affected Households CARM - Cambodia Resident Mission COI - Corridor of Impact DED - Detailed Engineering Design DDR - Due Diligence Report EA - Executing Agency EG - Ethnic Group EM - Ethnic Minority EMP - Environmental Management Plan FHH - Female Headed Household GDPWS - General Department of Portable Water Supply GRC - Grievance Resettlement Committee GRM - Grievance Redress Mechanism HDPE - High-density polyethylene HHs - Households LAR - Land Acquisition and Involuntary Resettlement MISTI - Ministry of Industry, Science, Technology and Innovation IOL - Inventory of Losses IP - Indigenous People IPDP - Indigenous People Development Plan IRC - Inter-Ministerial Resettlement Committee PIB - Project Information Booklet PISCD - Project Implementation Support Capacity Development PIU - Project Implementing Unit PMU - Project Management Unit PPTA - Project Preparation Technical Assistance PWW - Provincial Water Work RGC - Royal Government of Cambodia ROW - Right of Way SPS - Safeguard Policy Statement SSDDR - Social Safeguard Due Diligence Report SRWSA - Siem Reap Water Supply Authority UWSP - Urban Water Supply Project USD - United States Dollar WTP - Water Treatment Plant WIS - Water Intake Station STWS - Stung Treng Water Supply

GLOSSARY

Affected - In the case of affected households, it includes all displaced persons Household (AH) residing under one roof and operating as a single economic unit, who are adversely affected by a project or any of its components. In the context of involuntary resettlement, affected persons are those Affected Persons - who are physically displaced (relocation, loss of residential land, or loss of shelter) and/or economically displaced (loss of land, assets, access to assets, income sources, or means of livelihoods) as a result of (I) involuntary acquisition of land, or (ii) involuntary restrictions on land use or on access to legally designated parks and protected areas. (ADB SPS 2009)

Cut-off Date for - This refers to the date after which people will not be eligible for Eligibility compensation or assistance. Those persons occupying or using the project prior to the identified date are eligible to be categorized as AHs and to receive compensation and/or assistance. Persons not covered in the census are not eligible for compensation and other entitlements unless they can show proof that (I) they have been inadvertently missed out during the census and the inventory of losses (IOL); or (ii) they have lawfully acquired the affected assets subsequent to the completion of the census and the IOL and before the conduct of the detailed measurement survey (DMS).

Detailed - With the aid of the approved detailed engineering design, this Measurement activity involves the finalization and/or validation of the results of the Survey (DMS) IOL, severity of impacts, and list of AHs conducted during the project’s feasibility studies. The final cost of resettlement for the subproject will be determined following completion of the DMS.

Displaced Persons - physically displaced (relocation, loss of residential land, or loss of shelter) and/or economically affected (loss of land, assets, access to assets, income sources, or means of livelihood) as a result of (I) involuntary acquisition of land; and/ or (ii) involuntary restrictions on land use or on access to common property resources, legally designated parks and protected areas.

Entitlement - Resettlement entitlements with respect to a particular eligibility category are the sum total of compensation and other forms of assistance provided to displaced persons in the respective eligibility category. It comprises compensation, income restoration support, transfer assistance, income substitution, relocation support, etc.

Involuntary - This involves the displacement of people from their land, homes, Resettlement assets, sources of income and employment on account of the project. Involuntary resettlement in the context of the present project is extremely unlikely.

Table of Contents

GLOSSARY ...... 3 Executive Summary ...... 5 I. Description of the Project/sub-project ...... 6 II. Legal and Policy Framework ...... 10 III. Social Impact Assessment (SIA) ...... 16 A. Methods applied for SIA ...... 16 B. SIA Results and Findings ...... 17 C. Recommended actions ...... 21 IV. Information Disclosure, Consultation and Participation ...... 22 A. Requirements ...... 22 B. Consultations conducted as part of due diligence and SIA ...... 22 C. Consultation and Participation Mechanism: ...... 26 V. Beneficial and Mitigative Measures ...... 27 VI. Capacity Building ...... 29 VII. Grievance Redress Mechanism ...... 29 VIII. Institutional Arrangement ...... 30 IX. Monitoring, Reporting and Evaluation ...... 30 X. Budget and Financing ...... 30

List of Tables

Table 1: The approved pipeline by type of pipe and excavation requirement ...... 8 Table 2: Population of IP/EG existence on both original and extension scope ...... 10 Table 3: Policy Gap Analysis and Action Taken for IPP ...... 13 Table 4: Primary data collection disaggregated by method and target locations ...... 16 Table 5: Number of public consultations carried out within sub-project’s locations ...... 22 Table 6: Summarizes of broad community supports and concerns raised by IP/EG: ...... 24 Table 7: Beneficial and Mitigative Measures ...... 27 Table 8: GRM focal point at PIU Stueng Treng with detail contacts ...... 30

List of Figures

Figure 1: Map of the subproject locations in Stueng Treng Province ...... 7 Figure 2: Pipelines map for phase 1, the original scope ...... 9

List of Appendixes

Appendix 1: Beneficial and Mitigative Measures ...... 31 Appendix 2: SIA and Consultations/FGD Tools ...... 36 Appendix 3: Consultations minutes and FGDs transcripts ...... 48

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Executive Summary

1. There are three (Output 1 to Output 3) out of four total project’s outputs that involve civil works. This project has been classified as category “C” for IR in the PPTA and during the project implementation stage to date. All sub-project locations confirmed that there were no requirements for land acquisition nor restrictions to land use/physical relocation of the affected assets own by residents. However, site assessment applying DED during the preparation of IR/IP DDR confirmed that there are IP population (Praov, Krueng, Katok, and ) residing along water distribution pipeline and within the services coverage area for water supply connection from both original (Stueng Treng Town) and extension scopes (three commune of ). None of IP population identified to get negative impact from the project. Therefore, this sub-project is to be classified as IP category B as per ADB’s SPS2009 which require to prepare a separate IP plan ensuring maximum benefit to them. And some beneficial and mitigative measures and consultation will be applied ensuring proper mechanism avoiding any unexpected negative impacts/concerns from Indigenous People/Ethnic Group populations over the period of civil work and sub-project implementation and operation. 2. The original scope of water pipeline distribution network is composing of the main transmission pipelines, the secondary distribution pipelines, and house connections. Pipe water supplies shall be installed along the road in priority locations where there is potential for housing development and household connections. Water Distribution Network was initially proposed for about 300 km in total covering of 3 Districts in Stueng Treng. Of the proposed total length, only about 286 km of the phase one which is approved in November 2020 by MEF to be included in the bidding process. It involves of 2 Districts of Stueng Treng and Thala Barivat, six communes and 24 Villages 3. Social Impact Assessment has been carried out involving household survey of 136 HHs interview with IP/EG respondents, 7 Focus Groups Discussion (FGDs), and 3 consultations with both male and female IP/EG groups randomly selected across IP/EGs communes and villages. Baseline information and implementation plan have been made incorporating findings from this SIA. 4. The result from SIA shows that IPs and Lao EGs are commonly practicing their cultures and spiritual praying as well as traditional healing. Those practices are generally differencing from one to another IP/EG groups. During the time that IP/EG is practicing their spiritual praying, call for help (Arak), and or village ceremonies, outsider are not allowed to get into their land compound. And specific verities of food, vegetables, and meats are also not allowed to bring in for specific period and or in both daytime and nighttime. Normally, there are specific signs have been made Infront of entrance gate or the house’s door such as crossing stick, wooden pole, and or stringing of a symbol at the fence. Strict penalties will be applied to compensate on this violation to their rule and sometime multiplying from two to three times of what IP/EG did for their first praying preparation. 5. High proportion of IP/EG community are strongly aware and support this pipe-laying sub- project within three districts of Stueng Treng. Perceptions of IP/EG residents regarding the project were found to be positive, with a high level of awareness about the planned subproject activities. 6. Extensive consultation meetings and FGDs had been carried out during the SIA applying cultural appropriate to IP/EG participants and Covid-19 measures, and it was also serving as part of two ways of communications. All meetings and consultations were in the form of participatory approaches and moderators were also aiming to increase the project awareness and confirming sub- project supports from IP communities. There were topics included and discussed during the meeting to let participants understand about; i) Project and sub-project design covering original scope and extension, ii) dissemination of construction timeline, iii) methods to be applied during excavation and re-instatement, iv) policy principles adopted under project, and v) discussion on water connection applications and cost related. As results, all of them are strongly support for this sub-project to start

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its construction as soon as possible so that they can have clean water supply available for use at home. 7. IP/EG group raised some negative impacts that may occur during the civil work and operation to the SIA team and the SIA concludes those possible negative impacts in SIA’s findings sections. Specific recommended actions and mitigative measures are provided in this IPP including the requirement for next round of consultations to be carried out by both PIU and Contractor during the course of civil work and water supply connection. 8. During the full operation of water connection and supply, all IP/EG villages shall be provided with the opportunity for capacity building for any awareness raising program/campaign which specific topic inclusion on how to get access to clean water and how to manage on the water usage bill and expenses. Gender Actions Plan (GAP) shall be integrated with this action and sex disaggregated data by IP/EGs should be generated for reporting. 9. Project specific GRM have been established and specific focal points have been assigned with contact provided in below Table. During the site assessment, GRM related forms were also provided to PIU focal points including 1) GRM logbook, 2) Complaint form, 3) Complaint response form, and GRM reporting form. 10. Vice chief of Stueng Treng water work has been assigned as GRM focal person (female) to cover on both IR and IP related issues and her ability to speak in IP language is essential to help in dealing/responding to concerns IP population. 11. MISTI has an overall responsibility for the coordination and consolidation of UWSP, reports to MEF and ADB, and is responsible for preparing and overseeing the implementation of this IPP with technical support from PMU’s social and gender specialists. 12. PIAC will provide technical support to PIU/PWW in monitoring and supervision of construction work and provide immediate corrective action in compliance to this IPP in case of physical impacts and disruption that may occurred. 13. PMU through the support from PIU/PWW and social safeguard and gender specialists to closely monitor the implementation of this IPP and report to be incorporated in to SEMR for official submission to ADB. Gender and IP/EG disaggregated data shall be provided in to the SEMR on the results of IPP implementation. 14. The activities in the IPP are integrated into the overall arrangements and total budget of the project, including for consulting services. IPP-related training and communication activities will be incorporated into other project training and communication activities especially GAP implementation. I. Description of the Project/sub-project

15. The UWSP is under implementation to provide additional new and rehabilitated water supply infrastructure and extend system coverage to expand access to safe water in nine towns. The Ministry of Industry, Science, Technology and Innovation (MISTI) selected eight Provincial Water Works (PWWs) and the Siem Reap Water Supply Authority (SRWSA) for support under the project. The project aims to (i) address the most urgent needs of the urban water sector by improving and expanding services; and (ii) prepare for sector reform with the goals of providing improved 24-hour service coverage and better water quality, as well as making the PWWs more autonomous and therefore more financially sustainable. The project will also provide piped water supply to an additional 58,000 residents through (i) a new water supply system in Stung Treng, (ii) a new distribution zone in Siem Reap, and (iii) system expansion in Kampong Cham and Svay Rieng. In addition, the project will rehabilitate existing water treatment plants in seven towns. 16. There are three (Output 1 to Output 3) out of four total project’s outputs that involve civil works.

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This project has been classified as category “C” for IR in the PPTA and during the project implementation stage to date. All sub-project locations confirmed that there were no requirements for land acquisition nor restrictions to land use/physical relocation of the affected assets own by residents. However, site assessment applying DED during the preparation of this DDR confirmed that there are IP population (Praov, Krueng, and Lao) residing along water distribution pipeline and withing the services coverage area for water supply connection. None of IP population identified to get negative impact from the project. Therefore, this sub-project is to be classified as IP category B as per ADB’s SPS2009 which require to prepare a separate IP plan ensuring maximum benefit to them. 17. The SSDDR report at this project implementation stage is aiming to provide details of the due diligence assessment for IR/IP impacts for sub-project’s locations Stung Treng Province mainly for the proposed pipeline distribution network. 18. In Stung Treng Province, there are three sub-project’s components proposed and studied during the PPTA and it is now confirmed to be implemented which covering the following components. (i) Water pipeline distribution network of about 286 kilometers (ii) Water treatment plant and (iii) Water intake station 19. As per project documents posted on ADB’s website, all original investment components for the project as a whole, all project locations had been confirmed by SSDDR prepared at the PPTA stage in 2014 and updated in 2018 except WTP and WIS in Stung Treng. In November 2020, ADB approved and disclosed another SSDDR for additional works under this project and that report also covered the IR/IP assessment of WTP and WIS components in Stung Treng. 20. An SSDDR had been prepared which is aiming to provide detail assessment to date for the water pipeline distribution network with approximate length of about 286 kilometers across Stueng Treng Town and Thala Barivat District, which was agreed and approved by MEF on the procurement plan dated 7 Dec 2020. Figure 1: Map of the subproject locations in Stueng Treng Province

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Subproject Descriptions

21. The original scope of the sub-project in Stung Treng has been marked as package C2 in the procurement plan as well as in the approved SSDDR in November 2020. The packages original scope and the DDR prepared in the PPTA (June 2013) needs to be updated based on the final approved DED and locations. 22. The original scope and additional scope (pipe extension Co#3) of output 2 is to install a new water supply system for the town of Stung Treng that includes: (1) a surface water intake (IR/IP category C confirmed by SSDDR November 2020); (2) a water treatment plant that will have a capacity of about 12,000 cubic meters per day and be equipped with a laboratory. (IR/IP category C confirmed by SSDDR November 2020); (3) and the pipe laying of approximate length of 286 km within Stueng Treng Town and its sub-project areas. (IR category C and IP Category B revealing positive impacts from this sub-project). This pipelaying activity triggers the IP positive impacts during this subproject implementation to a few IP groups who are living along the planned distribution network which was confirmed during the SDDR assessment which took place in Jan-Feb 2021. Therefore, the IP Plan (IPDP) is to be prepared following the ADB’s SPS requirement No.3. (4) The additional scope under the proposed CO#3 covers pipe extension to Sesan and Thala Barivat districts, Stung Treng Province, including a Water substation (to booster pump station), and 85 Km of water distribution network 23. The original scope of water pipeline distribution network is composed of the main transmission pipelines, the secondary distribution pipelines, and household connections. Piped water supply shall be installed along the road in priority locations where there is potential for housing development and household connections. The Water Distribution Network was initially proposed for about 300 km covering in total 3 Districts in Stueng Treng. Of the proposed total length, only about 286 km of the phase one which was approved by MEF in November 2020 to be included in the civil work package. It involves of 2 Districts of Stueng Treng and Thala Barivat, six communes and 24 Villages. 24. As per below Table 1, the approved pipeline distribution network for phase one will be implemented and confirmed in the Due Diligence Report (DDR). There are 18 lines with approximately 286 km total length including the raw water pipeline from the intake station to the water treatment plant. 25. The details for each line are shown in below table disaggregated by type of pipe and diameter. There are two main types of pipes, High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) and Ductile Iron Pipe (DIP) to be installed under this phase one of zone one. The required excavation will be range from 0.60m to 1.1m width with maximum depth up to 1.5m to the ground and the back filling will be as fast as possible within a day. Table 1: The approved pipeline by type of pipe and excavation requirement No Type of Pipe Diameter(mm) Length (m) Excavation Requirement (width) 1 DIP:ND500 500 90 1.10m 2 DIP:ND400 400 1619 0.75m 3 DIP:ND350 350 942 0.65m 4 DIP:ND300 300 9402 0.60m 5 HDPE:ND(OD) 225 225 6534 0.55m 6 HDPE:ND(OD) 160 160 16614 0.50m

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No Type of Pipe Diameter(mm) Length (m) Excavation Requirement (width) 7 HDPE:ND(OD) 110 110 22326 0.40m 8 HDPE:ND(OD) 90 90 32406 0.40m 9 HDPE:ND(OD) 63 63 190300 0.30m

Figure 2: Pipelines map for phase 1, the original scope

26. The additional scope of pipe extension works of 85 km to Sesan and Thala Barivat Districts can be divided into two main sections of which the first 20 km located in Thala Barivat are composed of three types of pipe namely HDPE#160, HDPE#110, and HDPE#63. This first section had been assessed as IR/IP category C as per ADB’s classification. The second section in Se San district is covers 65 km of pipe laying works of five types of pipes namely DIP#300, HDPE#225, HDP#160, HDPE#110, and HDPE#63. This second section had been assessed as IR category C and IP category B, positive impacts to IP population of Laos Ethnic group and other IP residents (KROEUNG, PRAOV, and KATORK) presence in target area of Stueng Treng. The nature of sub- project, water distribution network will provide clean water supply for the first time to all the residents of Stueng Treng Province targeting to get 5,000 household connections including IPs/EGs during the operation. Therefore, this 65 km section is triggering the IP requirement 3 as per ADB’s SPS and an IP plan shall be prepared and implemented. Table 2 below indicates IP/EG population living in both original and extension scopes.

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Table 2: Population of IP/EG existence on both original and extension scope No. Districts Commune No. Villages IP/EG Population 1 Stueng treng Stueng Treng 1 village 168 2 Sesan Samkouy 2 villages 1065

3 Kampond 3 Villages 2111 Phluk 2 Villages 1265 TOTAL 4 Communes 6 Villages 4609 IPs/EGs

II. Legal and Policy Framework

2.1. Relevant National Laws and Policies Concerning Indigenous Peoples

27. Cambodia Constitution and the Land Law: In the context of Cambodian legal framework, Article 31 of the Cambodian Constitution states that “All Cambodian citizens shall be equal before the law, enjoying the same rights, freedom and fulfilling the same obligations regardless of race, colour, sex, language, religious belief, political tendency, birth origin, social status, wealth or other status”; and the promulgation of the 2001 Cambodian Land Law marks explicit recognition of collective land rights of indigenous communities by the State that offer a unique chance for indigenous peoples in Cambodia to exercise their rights to self-determined development that include: • Ownership of the lands is granted by the State to indigenous communities as collective ownership, including all the rights and protections enjoyed by private owners. The exercise of collective ownership rights are the responsibility of the traditional authorities and decision- making mechanisms of the indigenous community, according to their customs and subject to laws such as the law on environment protection. (Article 26). • No authority outside the community may acquire any rights to immovable properties belonging to an indigenous community. (Article 28).

28. Indigenous communities have the right to collective ownership of their lands, which gives them all the rights and protection of ownership as enjoyed by private landowners. The lands of indigenous communities include residential and agricultural land and encompass land actually cultivated and the lands reserved for . Indigenous communities shall continue to manage their community land according to their traditional customs, pending the determination of their legal status. Once they are registered as legal entities, communities can apply for the registration of their collective title (Land Law 2001, Article 23 to 25). 29. According to the constitution of 1993 and the Land Law of 2001 five main categories of property on land can be distinguished such as (i) Private land, (ii) State public land (all areas need for public services such as roads, riverbanks, etc.), (iii) State private land (all other areas owned by the state), (iv) Communal land, and (v) Indigenous land. 30. Cambodia’s Administration Law of 2001, Article 43, stipulates the Commune Council’s role in protecting and preserving the environment and natural resources. They also have a role in the classifying and setting of boundaries for all in their area of jurisdiction, in coordination with the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry (Forestry Law 2002, Article 10). 31. Registration of Lands of Indigenous Communities 2009: Sub-decrees on tenurial security have been issued by the RGC to put in place procedures whereby IPs can process claims to their

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rightful lands (provided they are the majority population at commune level). Recognition and certification of lands among IPs are ongoing with the issuance of the 2009 Sub-Decree on Procedures of Registration of Lands of Indigenous Communities. 32. National Policy on Development of Indigenous Peoples (NPDIP): The 2009 National Policy on Development of Indigenous Peoples (NPDIP) provides the main policy framework related to indigenous land rights in Cambodia. It also sets out policy directions in the fields of culture, education, vocational training, health, environment, land, agriculture, water resources, infrastructure, justice, tourism and industry, and mines and energy. National Policy on the Development of Indigenous Peoples" has various goals, (i) Indigenous peoples shall have a living standard beyond starvation and extreme poverty, (ii) Indigenous peoples shall be provided for at least nine years of fundamental education and shall be provided for appropriate vocational skill training courses according to their needs and based on the geographical areas in which they live, (iii) Indigenous peoples have been provided for good healthcare services and (iv) The cultures of indigenous peoples have been carefully protected and safeguarded. 33. Other Policy Considerations: Apart from its Constitution and other national laws, Cambodia has adopted and supports the UN Declaration of Rights of Indigenous Peoples (IP) by way of ending discrimination and promoting the rights of Cambodia’s recognized IPs. 34. The Cambodian government initiated a decentralization program to be more responsive to community needs, indigenous peoples included. In the mid-1990s, the Cambodian government created the Inter-Ministerial Committee for Ethnic Minorities Development and the Inter-Ministerial Committee for Highland Peoples Development to address indigenous peoples’ issues. The Department of Ethnic Minority Development at the Ministry of Rural Development was established in 1999 after the Inter-Ministerial Committee was abolished. The Department mainly works to maintain the culture, beliefs and traditions of IPs through a formal process of establishing the identity and conditions of IP groups in Cambodia (a total of 56 IP groups has been recognized as legal IP groups). The Department operates through IP Offices in the provinces. IPs are represented in the formal governance structures in Cambodia from the village, commune and through to the district/provincial levels.

2.2. ADB Safeguards Policy Statement of 2009 for Indigenous Peoples

35. The ADB SPS fosters full respect for indigenous peoples’ identity, dignity, human rights, livelihood systems, and cultural uniqueness as defined by them. It ensures that ADB-assisted development interventions that may impact indigenous peoples will be consistent with the needs and aspirations of affected indigenous communities and compatible with their culture and social and economic institutions. This IPP recognizes the vulnerability of indigenous peoples and ensures that all project impacts will be addressed by the implementing agency. The implementing agency will ensure that affected indigenous peoples have the opportunity to fully participate in and benefit equally from project interventions. The following are the principles of ADB SPS for indigenous peoples: (i) Screen early on to determine (a) whether indigenous peoples are present in, or have collective attachment to, the project area; and (b) whether project impacts on indigenous peoples are likely; (ii) Undertake a culturally appropriate and gender -sensitive [assessment of social impacts] or use similar methods to assess potential project impacts, both positive and adverse, on indigenous peoples; (iii) Undertake meaningful consultations with affected indigenous peoples communities and concerned indigenous peoples organizations to solicit their participation (a) in designing, implementing, and monitoring measures to avoid

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adverse impacts or, when avoidance is not possible, to minimize, mitigate, or compensate for such effects; and (b) in tailoring project benefits for affected Indigenous Peoples communities in a culturally appropriate manner; (iv) Ascertain the consent of affected Indigenous Peoples communities to the following project activities: (a) commercial development of the cultural resources and knowledge of Indigenous Peoples; (b) physical displacement from traditional or customary lands; and (c) commercial development of natural resources within customary lands under use; (v) Avoid, to the maximum extent possible, any restricted access to and physical displacement from protected areas and natural resources. Where avoidance is not possible, ensure that the affected indigenous peoples communities participate in the design, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation of management for such areas and natural resources and that their benefits are equitably shared; (vi) Prepare an Indigenous Peoples Plan (IPP) that is based on the [assessment of social impacts] with the assistance of qualified and experienced experts and that draw on indigenous knowledge and participation by the affected Indigenous Peoples communities. The IPP includes a framework for continued consultation with the affected indigenous peoples communities during project implementation; specifies measures to ensure that indigenous peoples receive culturally appropriate benefits; identifies measures to avoid, minimize, mitigate, or compensate for any adverse project impacts; and includes culturally appropriate grievance procedures, monitoring and evaluation arrangements, and a budget and time -bound actions for implementing the planned measures; (vii) Disclose a draft IPP, including documentation of the consultation process and the results of the [assessment of social impacts] in a timely manner, before project appraisal, in an accessible place and in a form and language(s) understandable to affected Indigenous Peoples communities and other stakeholders. The final IPP and its updates will also be disclosed to the affected Indigenous Peoples communities and other stakeholders; (viii) Prepare an action plan for legal recognition of customary rights to lands and territories or ancestral domains when the project involves (a) activities that are contingent on establishing legally recognized rights to lands and territories that indigenous peoples have traditionally owned or customarily used or occupied, or (b) involuntary acquisition of such lands; (ix) Monitor implementation of the IPP using qualified and experienced experts; adopt a participatory monitoring approach, wherever possible; and assess whether the IPP’s objective and desired outcome have been achieved, taking into account the baseline conditions and the results of IPP monitoring. Disclose monitoring reports.

2.3. Equivalence and Gaps of the RGC and ADB Policy on Indigenous Peoples

36. Table 3 below therefore summarizes policy equivalence and gaps between the RGC and ADB. The 3rd column is observed as a means of harmonizing policies and regulations in the course of implementing subproject in Stung Treng Province.

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Table 3: Policy Gap Analysis and Action Taken for IPP ADB SPS 2009 Government Requirements Implementation of the water distribution network under UWS Project and Action taken during the preparation of IPP Screen early on to determine No screening process is Screening for subproject selection (i) whether IPs are present in, required in the Cambodian has been carried out, however, not or have collective attachment legal framework. at the early stage but during the to, the project area; and (ii) project implementation and whether project impacts on IPs potential positive impacts are are likely. foreseen. Undertake a culturally ELC sub-decree stipulates Social impacts assessment has appropriate and gender- requirements that have to be been undertaken in IP areas under sensitive social impact fulfilled, among others, as Stueng Treng. The assessment assessment or use similar follows (sub decree No.146 on covered both positive and adverse methods to assess potential ELC, article 4 & 5): impacts on the local IPs as well as project impacts, both positive developed the measures to and adverse, on IPs. Give full • Environmental and social minimize the potential adverse consideration to options the impact assessments have impacts with fully participation of affected IPs prefer in relation to been completed with respect to local IPs. the provision of project benefits the land use and development and the design of mitigation plan measures. Identify social and economic benefits for affected IPs that are culturally appropriate and gender and intergenerationally inclusive and develop measures to avoid, minimize, and/or mitigate adverse impacts on IPs. Undertake meaningful Public consultations have been Meaningful consultations have consultations with affected IP conducted with territorial been conducted with multiple communities and concerned authorities and local residents, stakeholders including the IP organizations to solicit their relating to economic land beneficiaries, IP leaders and participation (i) in designing, concession projects or women in all subproject villages implementing, and monitoring proposals. (original and extension scopes). measures to avoid adverse impacts or, when avoidance is The Law on Forestry (2002): not possible, to minimize, All projects for public and mitigate, or compensate for road construction within such effects; and (ii) in tailoring the Permanent Forest project benefits for affected IP Reserves shall be subject to communities in a culturally consultation with local appropriate manner. To authorities and communities enhance IPs’ active and an Environmental & Social participation, projects affecting Impact Assessment pursuant them will provide for culturally to Article 4 of this law. appropriate and gender inclusive capacity These do not however stress development. Establish a the need for culturally culturally appropriate and appropriate/sensitive gender inclusive grievance approaches. mechanism to receive and

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ADB SPS 2009 Government Requirements Implementation of the water distribution network under UWS Project and Action taken during the preparation of IPP facilitate resolution of IPs’ concerns. Ascertain the consent of The existing policies do not The water distribution network in affected IP communities to the require the consent of IPs for Stueng Treng is not meant for any following project activities: (i) commercial exploitation of their commercial development activities commercial development of the culture and knowledge, their of the cultural resources. Also, cultural resources and physical relocation from their there are no physical knowledge of IPs; (ii) physical traditional land, or the displacements nor IR related displacement from traditional commercial development of impacts. However, consent or customary lands; and (iii) natural resources on their through broad community support commercial development of traditional land. has been obtained during natural resources within consultations and SDDR customary lands under use However, as a signatory to the preparation for both original and that would impact the UN DRIP, IPs may raise such extension scopes. livelihoods or the cultural, issues and the necessary ceremonial, or spiritual uses grievance procedures may that define the identity and take place. community of IPs. For the purposes of policy application, the consent of affected IP communities refers to a collective expression by the affected IP communities, through individuals and/or their recognized representatives, of broad community support for such project activities. Broad community support may exist even if some individuals or groups object to the project activities. Avoid, to the maximum extent ELC sub-decree stipulates There are no issues of access possible, any restricted access requirements that have to be restriction and physical to and physical displacement fulfilled, among others, as displacement neither nor the IR from protected areas and follows (sub decree No.146 on impacts from subproject natural resources. Where ELC, article 4 & 5) components as the nature of avoidance is not possible, impacts only involve short term ensure that the affected IP There are solutions for disruption for temporary land communities participate in the resettlement issues in digging to install the water pipe, design, implementation, and accordance with the existing through due consultation with IP monitoring and evaluation of legal framework and communities. management arrangements for procedures. There shall be no such areas and natural involuntary resettlement by resources and that their lawful land holders and access benefits are equitably shared. to private land shall be respected. Prepare an IP plan (IPP) that is No provision of the government The IPP has been prepared for the based on the social impact on preparation of IPP Stueng Treng Water Distribution assessment with the network for both original and assistance of qualified and extension scopes. experienced experts and that

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ADB SPS 2009 Government Requirements Implementation of the water distribution network under UWS Project and Action taken during the preparation of IPP draw on indigenous knowledge and participation by the affected IPs. The IPP includes a framework for continued consultation with the affected IP communities during project implementation; specifies measures to ensure that IPs receive culturally appropriate benefits; identifies measures to avoid, minimize, mitigate, or compensate for any adverse project impacts; and includes culturally appropriate grievance procedures, monitoring and evaluation arrangements, and a budget and time-bound actions for implementing the planned measures. Disclose a draft IPP, including No provision of the government Project related documents and documentation of the on IPP disclosure proposed public water distribution consultation process and the in Stueng Treng has been done results of the social impact through public consultation assessment in a timely meeting with all relevant manner, before project stakeholders and authorities appraisal, in an accessible including IP’s representative. place and in a form and However, the IPP will be disclosed language(s) understandable to once approved by MISTI and ADB. affected IP communities and other stakeholders. The final IPP and its updates will also be disclosed to the affected IP communities and other stakeholders. Monitor implementation of the No regulation of the Internal monitoring will be done by IPP using qualified and government on preparation or the MISTI on implementation of experienced experts; adopt a monitoring of IPP IPP. participatory monitoring implementation approach, wherever possible; and assess whether the IPP’s objective and desired outcome have been achieved, taking into account the baseline conditions and the results of IPP monitoring. Disclose monitoring reports

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2.4. Applicable Policies and Objective of the IPP

37. The project has been categorized as B for indigenous peoples during this implementation stage. This IPP has been prepared in accordance with the ADB Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS) on indigenous people safeguards, relevant national laws and regulations. The project is expected to have positive impacts on Ethnic group and IPs in terms of provision of access to clean water-tap supply at each and every household in three districts of Stung Treng Provinces. The plan specifies safeguard provisions to be monitored during project implementation to ensure that indigenous people can access and receive benefits from project activities. The IPP provides the guidance necessary to guarantee culturally appropriate program implementation for indigenous beneficiaries. The project will ensure that ethnic group and indigenous peoples are aware of the clean water supply distribution support provided by the government. The project will employ culturally appropriate and gender sensitive consultation processes when engaging IP representatives.

III. Social Impact Assessment (SIA)

A. Methods applied for SIA

38. Review of secondary data/documents: As per SIA requirement numbers of documents and data have been reviewed including RGC law and sub-decree/reports related to IPs, ADB’s SPS, project documents, and local requirements. 39. Primary data collection: In addition to secondary data collection, PMU’s safeguard specialist was also engaged in February and June 2021 to collect primary data covering both qualitative and quantitative methods of field survey and assessment. As result, six informed consents have been signed by three IP/Ethnic group leaders of six Villages, Seven Focus Group Discussions were carried out with specific female and mixed groups of male and female, and four Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) were conducted. The field surveys and assessment were covering an IP commune under original scope of Stueng Treng town and three communes of Lao ethnic group and IP residents under the 65 km extension in Se San District. Table 4 below indicates details of primary data collection disaggregated by method and target locations.

40. Tablet based data collection form has been applied for the administration of household data collection from targeted respondents in all villages. This digital data collection technology was applied in response to the COVID-19 pandemic situation as well as per instruction agreed in principles from both ADB and PMU to speed up the process and avoiding COVID-19 restrictions. Local university students were recruited by the PMU’s safeguard specialist. A training session on questionnaire, data collection methods, and pilot testing were also done at the provincial town of Stueng Treng before proceeding of field work.

Table 4: Primary data collection disaggregated by method and target locations No. Districts Communes Inform FGDs KIIs HH Survey Consents 1 Stung Treng Stueng Treng 2 4 2 10 2 Sesan Samhouy 1 1 0 36

3 Kampond 1 1 0 54 Phluk 2 1 2 36

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No. Districts Communes Inform FGDs KIIs HH Survey Consents TOTAL 6 7 4 136

B. SIA Results and Findings

41. 90-95 percent of the Cambodia population are of Khmer ethnicity. The remaining 5-10 percent is composed of ethnic minorities such as the Muslim Cham, Chinese and Vietnamese, and seventeen indigenous ethnic minority groups also called “” or “hill tribes” who are ethnically non- Khmer. These groups are estimated to comprise around 120,000 persons and constitute about 1 percent of the Cambodian total population. The seventeen indigenous minority groups which range from 300 to 19,000 members include Phnong, Kuy, Mil, Kraol, Thmorn, Khaonh, Tompoun, Charay, Kreoung, Kavet, Saouch, Lun, Kachak, Proav, Souy (Sa’ong), Stieng, and Kavet and other minority groups, namely Vietnamese, Laotian and Khmer . Indigenous groups constitute the majority in the provinces of Rattanakiri (67.9 percent) and Mondulkiri (59.3 percent). Stung Treng and Kratie also share a higher percentage of indigenous groups. 42. The Kuy occur in north-eastern , southern Laos, and northern and northeastern Cambodia. Most of the in Cambodia live in Preah Vihear, Stung Treng, Kratie, and Kampong Thom, with an unverified population estimate of 23,000 (Swift, 2013).1 Kuy and are similar in terms of physical appearance, material culture, and religious practices: both groups are culturally and spiritually linked to the forest and practice of animism and (Swift, 2013). Lowland cultivation and swidden agriculture are widespread among both. The majority of inhabitants rely directly on natural resources for their livelihoods and resin tapping (extraction of oleoresin from dipterocarp trees) is the main source of cash income (Jiao et al., 2015). 43. Differences between the Kuy and Khmer groups have become subtle since national integration and assimilation policies were adopted by the Cambodian Government following independence in 1953 (Baird, 2011).2 These policies were strengthened during the regime in the 1970s. Interaction and inter-marriage between Kuy and Khmer is frequent and many Kuy have adopted Khmer culture and traditions, although small differences still exist between the two groups. These include distinctive rituals (e.g. the Kuy practice communal fishing before the annual ceremony for the village spirit, perform rites for spirits before clearing new swiddens, or involve a certain species of turtle in weddings) and some characteristic crafts, foods, clothing and housing styles. While the two groups formerly distinguished themselves through economic specialties such as iron production, the livelihood strategies of Kuy and rural Khmer are now very similar (Swift, 2013). Baseline Information:

44. Geographical area: Stueng Treng is a province of Cambodia in the northeast. It borders the

1Swift, P. (2013) Changing ethnic identities among the Kuy in Cambodia: assimilation, reassertion and the making of indigenous identity. Asia Pacific Viewpoint, 54, 296–308. 2Baird, I.G. (2011) The construction of “indigenous peoples” in Cambodia. In Alterities in Asia: Reflections on Identity and Regionalism (ed L. Yew), pp. 155–176. Taylor and Francis, London, UK and New York, USA.

3 The IDPoor Programme, established in 2006 within the Ministry of Planning, is part of the Royal Government of Cambodia’s ongoing efforts to reduce poverty and support socioeconomic development throughout the country. Being the RGC’s mandatory standard tool for targeting pro-poor measures in the country, the programme provides regularly updated information on poor households to a large number of Government and non-governmental agencies to help them target services and assistance to the poorest and most vulnerable households

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provinces of Ratanakiri to the east, Mondulkiri and Kratié to the south and Kampong Thom and Preah Vihear to the west. Its northern boundary is Cambodia's international border with Laos. This province is distinct from other Cambodian provinces in the basin. Sesan District and are surrounded by numbers of rivers where the Mekong River flows through the province from the North to the South. It meets Sekong River in the provincial town. Besides, there are other major rivers such as Sesan, Sraepok, and many smaller tributaries which flow into rivers and ponds, which are scattered throughout the province. 45. Demographic Information: The household survey reached out to 136 respondents in total from four communes of which 41% are female. 71% of respondent are head of household follow by 25% spouse and another 4% son or daughter of respondent. The average household size is calculated at 3.67 person per household with female sex ratio of 1.90. This figure is about the same demographical information of commune database 2017. 46. About 40% of selected respondents are IP/EG residents with age group below 39 years old followed by 21% age 40 to 49, 21% age 50 to 59, and another 17% from 60 and over. 47. Respondents were also asked if they are currently carrying the ID poor card issued by ID Poor Program3 of the RGC through local governor and commune authority. The survey found that 24% (33 HHs) are carrying ID Poor card of which 13 HHs confirmed they had ID Poor1 category (very poor) while another 20 HHs with category of ID Poor2 (poor). 48. Socio-economic information and sources of income: Vast majority of surveyed household reported that main occupation is from farming related activities (42%) following by government employment and civil servant (18%), construction work related (10%), transportations works and services (5%), hire labor works (4%), and the rest proportion are from different sector such as vendor, fisheries, and collecting non-timber forest products (NTFP). 49. Results from field observation and qualitative data shows that there are changes of occupation/sources of income for majority of household residents of IP shifting from forest base and fisheries to land base agricultural and labor hiring to domestic construction work and or industrial agricultural concession granted to private companies within the area. The changes of job and occupations were mainly caused by scarcity of forest products and natural resources especially the NTFP and fisheries. 50. The average household income is estimated for about two million Riel per household. However, this range of income is not really stable as it is mainly derived from agricultural base with limited productions and market plus potential risks related to COVID-19 pandemic which is spreading within the area. COVID-19 pandemic is yet to directly impact household incomes of IP residents at the time of survey. But most of them has reported and expressed significant concerns over this issue based on the fact that the alternative source of income is very limited. 51. Monthly household expenditure is quite high where about 37% spent approximately one million Riel and above for household consumptions including food and other related family needs if compared against the income. This was expressed and reported that most of them can’t keep their monthly income for family saving for other purposes. In addition to that, about 46% reported they are financially in debt where they have to manage the specific amount of principal and interest regularly to microfinancing institutions. 52. Household assets: 96% of Land assets (resident and farmland) are observed as the core asset of surveyed households which help most of IP/EG for supporting of family living and income generating through traditional agricultural plantation and cropping. The survey questionnaire also discovered other household assets including i) mobile phones (95%), ii) fans (92%), iii) Motors (90%), iv) Analog Televisions (54%), v) digital TV/satellites (46%), and agricultural equipment (41%). These assets are strongly related to the current living situation which reflect the livelihood of population

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living along the main road similarly to urban lifestyle where the clean water supply will traverse to. 53. Sources of energy: Survey results confirmed that 98% had their house connected to state electricity power gride provided by Electricite Du Cambodge (EDC) with the minimum cost charge 650 Riel per Kwh (cost of household consumed less than 10 Kwh per month) and the maximum charge up to 2000 Riel per Kwh. However, small portion of people who are living in Chamka Maisak, Reachea Nokol Village are completely using solar panels for lighting due to no connection to power gride yet. 54. Firewood and charcoal are still the main source of energy for cooking comprising 62%, natural gas (LPG) comprises 36%, and very few households 2% reported they are using electricity for cooking. 55. Water, Sanitation, and hygiene: The water sources are mainly (71%) from natural sources such as river, stream, pond, and smaller tributaries. 14% confirmed that underground water wells also play a very important role for daily household usages, but it is usually facing water shortage during dry season counting from April to June. The households of the remaining 14% are connected to private potable water taps which is being run by few private contractors within the area, but the water quality is still limited. However, the assessment found that the water quantity from natural sources and underground water are limited and somehow insufficiently use for year-round. 56. When asking about toilette availability in the household, 79% confirmed they have at least one usable toilet inside the land compound of the house. This figure is quite high if compared to the commune data from the last five years. 57. Hygiene is generally limited due to lack of clean water and low awareness on applying proper hygiene methods. 58. Access to public infrastructure: Four communes of both districts where the pipe will be traversed to are accessible by DBST provincial and communal road to basic public infrastructures available in Stueng Treng town including public hospital/health center, markets, public schools in all levels, banking, and other provincial departments. Qualitative and general observation confirmed that all IP villages are not facing any difficulties in accessing any important public infrastructure.

59. Religious and cultural practices: IPs and Lao EGs are commonly practicing their cultures and spiritual praying as well as traditional healing. Those practices are generally differencing from one to another IP/EG groups. Below are some examples of belief and cultural practices which are essential for this project found from IP group of Krueng, Proav, and Katok and Laos EG in the surveyed areas during FGDs and consultations.

(1) Animism centered on forests, combined with ancestor worship (2) IP/EG respect spirits and have ceremonies for the village every year (3) IP/EG commonly call for help (Pray) and have ceremonies to compensate when spirits help (4) IP/EG call for Arak when they need to find out why someone is sick (5) IP/EG do hold scarifies when they do farm and collecting yield (6) Each IP/EG village do have and respect their village leader (Chassrok) (7) And they do have burial forests

60. During the time that IP/EG is practicing their spiritual praying, call for help (Arak), and or village ceremonies, outsiders are not allowed to get into their land compound. Specific varieties of food, vegetables, and meats are also not allowed to bring in for certain periods and or in general (both daytime and nighttime). Normally, there are specific signs in front of entrance gate or the

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house’s door such as crossing stick, wooden pole, and or stringing of a symbol at the fence. Strict penalties will be applied to compensate on any violation to their rule and sometime multiplying from two to three times of what IP/EG did for their first praying preparation. 61. Project/sub-project awareness and support: About 66% confirmed that they know about this pipe laying sub-project which is quite low across all surveyed areas except an IP village, in Reacheanokol in the central town of Stueng Treng the subproject awareness is high (90%). 62. During the social impact assessment for the IPP baseline, perceptions of IP/EG residents regarding the project were found to be positive, with a high level of awareness about the planned subproject activities. 63. Consultation meetings and FGDs carried out during the SIA were also part of two ways of communications and the meeting moderators were also aiming to increase the project awareness and supports from IP communities. There were topics included and discussed during the meeting to let participants understand about; i) Project and sub-project design covering original scope and extension, ii) dissemination of construction timeline, iii) methods to be applied during excavation and re-instatement, iv) policy principles adopted under project, and v) discussion on water connection applications and cost related. As results, all of them are strongly support for this sub-project to start its construction as soon as possible so that they can have clean water supply available for use at home. Perceiving of project’s impacts:

64. Positive Impacts: The expected benefits reported by IP were mainly on receiving quality portable water from the project, time saving on water collection due to shifting from natural sources, reduced household expenditures on water and improving health through increasing of year-round clean water availability connected to each and every household 24h. 65. Women in the IP communities also reported positive perceptions of the subprojects and were aware of the planned subproject activities. In addition to the time and financial saving from improved water infrastructure, women also reported the improved safety that they expect from having potable water supply connected inside the house and not being exposed to any risk of attack by animals and humans when collecting water from natural water sources like rivers and streams. 66. Negative Impacts: IP/EG group raised some impacts to the SIA team and the SIA concludes the following possible negative impacts may occur during the civil work specifically during the pipe laying period and concerns raised during the operations. 67. Expected negative impacts to IP/EG residents during civil work:

(1) Possibility to remove fences (wooden and brick fences) and front gates to make way for soil excavation (2) Soil excavation may possibly cause blocking of access to house and home-base business operations (3) Soil excavation may possibly lead to destruction of the existing front yard and concrete patio. (4) Longer delays in the re-instatement of excavated front yards may disrupt business operation and result in difficulty for getting in and out. (5) Workers are not aware of IP/EG norms and cultural practices and may possibly violate those restricted practices especially during spiritual praying/traditional healing time periods, which are commonly up to two weeks or a month. Different IP/Lao EG group may have different practices and penalty.

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(6) Strict penalties applied for those who violate the IP/EG norms and cultural practices (as mentioned in details of above section) may possibly lead to conflict between IP/EG and workers. (7) Most of IP/Laos EGs are using their language at home while the vast majority of workers are Khmer. The language barrier may result in ineffective communication from contractors and IP/EG residents during day-to-day works for pipe laying.

68. However, all above listed negative impacts can be avoided and mitigated as per details provided in the Mitigative measures section of this IPP. 69. Concerns raised by IP/EG residents during the operations of water pipe connection:

(1) Most of IP/EG raised concerns if their residential areas are not covered by the water supply network especially those locations scattered far from the main road. (2) Difficulties in obtaining the application forms and application forms submission (3) Not clear on the specific amount of application/connection fee and cost related and may decide not to connect if the cost is too high.3 (4) No clear information on subsidies program for ID poor and vulnerable households. (5) Concerns about high tariff rate of water usage per cubic meter that may lead to higher pay on monthly basis where majority of IP/EG are managing their financial amount to pay for household expenses including electricity consumption and debt.

70. All above raised concerns from IPs/EGs will be resolved through the integration of mitigative measures to this IP plan and including it as part of the project implementation.

C. Recommended actions

71. Most concerns were raised for the period during the civil work implementation of this project. It needs to be completely avoided that ; i) works must not take place in ancestor worship and burial forests, ii) field work shall not proceed inside land compounds of IP/EG residents during the event of village ceremonies, praying, and call for Arak, and iii) do not bring in any specific foods/animals which are prohibited during praying/call for Arak and village ceremony. 72. With support from PIU, the contractor should carry out another round of consultations before starting civil work for pipe laying ensuring all IPs/EGs and construction workers are well aware on; i) specific schedule of construction work in specific area, ii) contractor to get information back from each specific village if they may have ceremonies and or praying activities on the proposed schedules, iii) conclude and agree on construction timeframe to completely finished construction work 100% from soil excavation to re-instatement to the same quality acceptable by IP/EG residents, iv) any unavoidable impacts that may result in demolishing of wooden/brick fences and front gate of residents, the compensation shall be paid by contractor. Specific simultaneous IPs/Laos EG translator may need to deploy for better understanding by both contractor and IPs/EGs. 73. Before the start of household connection, PMU/PIU official with support from social and gender specialists will carry out another round of information dissemination aiming to resolve all concerns raised by IPs/EGs. Key topics below are considering as the important information to be disseminated. (1) Application process and procedures for water connection

3 Based on the outcomes of the meeting with PMU/PIU and PIAC held on 30 July 2021, the new Prakas on ‘Water for the poor’ on subsidized Household connections will be applied for the Project

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(2) Provision of full explanation on cost related to application form, connection fee, deposit fee, and what conditions/materials to apply before and during the connection of water meters and pipe. (3) Clear explanation on specific tariff rate compares against amount of water usages (4) Detail explanation on Gov subsidy program for the right to purchase clean water for poor family. (5) Water connection priority shall be provided to the IP villages with provision of subsidy program on the poor.

74. Specific simultaneous IPs/Laos EG translator may need to be deployed for better understanding by both PIU officials/consultants and IPs/EGs. 75. Gender sensitivities are existing in those IPs/EG areas4 and separate group by men and women are strongly recommended. 76. IP/EG elderly (Chassrok) shall be appointed as GRC focal point to represent the complaints from IP/EG communities and they shall be involved in all stages of GRM’s resolution assuring cultural appropriate actions take place. 77. Any complaint and response letter issued by GRC shall be fully explained to IP/EG complainants in their appropriate languages.

IV. Information Disclosure, Consultation and Participation

A. Requirements

78. In general a meaningful consultation is a process that (a) begins early in the project preparation stage and is carried out on an ongoing basis throughout the project cycle; (b) provides timely disclosure of relevant and adequate information that is understandable and readily accessible to affected people; (c) is undertaken in an atmosphere free of intimidation or coercion; (d) is gender inclusive; (e) enables the incorporation of all relevant views of affected people and other stakeholders into project design and implementation; and (f) ensures the participation of AHs in planning, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation of resettlement programs. 79. The APs have been and will be properly informed of all subproject activities. The information includes the specific activities, schedules, impacts, grievance redress mechanism and mitigation measures. The information is provided through public meetings lead by PIU, District/Commune authorities as required in the consultation and participation section of the SPS. B. Consultations conducted as part of due diligence and SIA

80. Fulfilling consultation requirements as part of SIA, six consultation meetings have been conducted throughout the sub-project locations. In addition to those 16 consultation meetings (7 meetings were organized in the form of FGDs) had been carried out specifically with IP group and with gender specific group discussion. In summary, 330 people and authorities attended the meetings of which 176 are female (or about 53%).

Table 5: Number of public consultations carried out within sub-project’s locations

4 Traditionally, women are generally shy and culturally reluctant to speak in-front of men especially on sensitive topics such as sex and hygiene related issues

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Ref. Date Venue Topics/Type of event Number of pax (including women) Consultation carried out under the original scope 1 18 Jan 2021 Sangkat Stung Treng - Public consultations The meeting was carried Time Start office, Stung Treng meeting for the urban out as part of DDR 8:00 am municipality, Stung water supply project covering 24 villages, 6 Treng Province. UWSP. Taking lead by Sangkats/Communes, 2 18 Jan 2021 Sangkat Srash Russei PMU/PIU/PIAC and and 2 Districts/ Time Start office, Stung Treng consultant teams. Municipalities. 9:30 am municipality, Stung - Following topics have 174 persons attended Treng Province. discussed at the meeting. the meeting and 69 of 3 18 Jan 2021 Sangkat Prash Bat - ADB/RGC Financing them are female. Time Start office, Stung Treng - Stung Treng Water supply 2:00 pm municipality, Stung components/planned. Treng Province. - Approved components 4 18 Jan 2021 Sangkat - Safeguard policy of ADB Time Start office, Stung Treng - GRM structures and focal 3:30 pm municipality,Stung Treng point Province. - Mitigation measures 5 19 Jan 2021 Thala Barivat Commune during the civil works Time Start office, Thala Barivat - Institutional arrangement 8:30 am District,Stung Treng - Implementation plan Province. - Water utility and 6 19 Jan 2021 Ou Rai Commune office, household connections Time Start Thala Barivat - Q&A Session 10:00 am District,Stung Treng Province. Consultation/FGDs carried out under extension scopes 7 8 June 2021 Public consultation - Public consultations The meeting was carried At 10:00am meeting in Samkouy meeting and focus group out as part of DDR/IPP village,Samkouy discussion for the urban covered 10 villages, 4 commune, Sesan district water supply project Sangkats/Communes, commune , Stung Treng UWSP. Taking lead by and 2 Districts/ Province PMU/PIU/PIAC and Municipalities. 8 8 June 2021 Public consultation consultant teams. 61 persons attended the At 14:00 pm meeting in Baderm - Following topics have meeting and 27 of them village, Samkouy discussed at the meeting. are female. commune, Sesan - ADB/RGC Financing District, Stung Treng - Stung Treng Water supply Province components/planned. 9 10 June 2021, Public consultation - Approved components at 14:00 pm meeting in Thala village, - Safeguard policy of ADB Thala commune, Thala - GRM structures and focal Barivat District, Stung point Treng Province. - Mitigation measures 10 12 Feb 2021 Focus group discussion during the civil works The Focus Group 14:30 pm in Rechea Nukol village, - Institutional arrangement Discussion carried out Sangkat Stung Treng - Implementation plan as part of DDR/IPP. 95 (IP Praov General) - Water utility and persons attended the 11 13 Feb 2021 Focus group discussion household connections FGDs and 80 of them 8:30 am in Rechea Nukol village, - Q&A Session are female. Sangkat Stung Treng (IP Kroeung General)

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Ref. Date Venue Topics/Type of event Number of pax (including women) 12 13 Feb 2021 Focus group discussion 10:00 am in Rechea Nukol village, Sangkat Stung Treng (IP Praov Female group)

13 13 Feb 2021 Focus group discussion 14:30 pm in Rechea Nukol village, Sangkat Stung Treng (IP Kroeung Female group) 14 8 June 2021 Focus group discussion 15:30 pm in Baderm village, Samkouy commune, (Laos EG Female group)

15 9 June 2021 Focus group discussion 14: 00pm in Phluk village, Phluk commune, (Laos EG General group) 16 9 June 2021 Focus group discussion 15: 30pm in Banmai village, Kampond commune,( Laos EG General group) TOTAL = Total 16 public consultation meetings and FGDs covered 31 villages, 9 Sangkat/communes, 3 Districts/Municipalities with participation from 330 persons (176 are female)

81. Table below summarizing questions and answers raised by both IP/EG participants and PIU/Social specialists during the consultations and FGD meetings. And these results were also incorporated for beneficial and initiative measures of this IP plan to be implemented during the civil work and operations. Table 6: Summarizes of broad community supports and concerns raised by IP/EG: No. Question Responses from relevant person 1 Do IP/EG currently practicing Yes, commonly practices in all villages of IPs and Laos EG spiritual ceremonies and such as yearly village ceremonies, Arak praying when traditional healing? What are someone is sick in the family, praying as a call for help when they? question from moderator. needed from families, common answer from IP/EG people.

2 What to do and not to do during During Arak and praying or village ceremonies, people from the civil work of pipe laying? the outside are not allowed to enter to the land compound for specific period up to two weeks or a month. Normally, there will be a small symbol posted at the entrance gate (crossing wood or wooden pole) prohibiting the outsider not to get in. Violation to this rule, penalty will be made requiring compensating by preparing specific ceremonies putting specific foods and or meats multiplies by two or three times than what they did for the original praying. Some specific IP households may belief that any outsider who bring in any foods/meats contradicting to them will also get penalty from the house owner. There are specific varieties of vegetables/trees and wild animal like as Pumpkin, , Eggplant, Eel, Tigerfish, Sambar deer, Turtle, Chevrotain. Penalty will be applied if these things are brought into Prov

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IP land compound. Workers should understand clearly all those signs and specific things prohibited not to bring to IP villages/land compound during day-to-day work.

3 Are IP/EGs supporting sub- Absolutely, we are all supporting to have clean water to our project of clean water distribution IP/EGs groups. However, we would request RGC to lower within Stueng Treng and Sesan connection cost to make them affordable for IP poor families District? like us.

4 Currently, I have an existing Mr. Choum Sychen : The PIU team said If you have an water connection, do I have to existing connection you only have to pay for deposit fee pay for new connection fees? about 37800 riels or about US$9.45 and maintenance fee 750 riels per month.

5 How much is the water price per PIU, there are two options which the price depends on the one cubic meter (M3)? water volume of you are using, the tariff fee will be provided with the application form. - Water usage ranging from 0 M3 to 3 M3 will cost 1400 riels (US$ 0.35) 3 - Water usage from above 3 M will cost around 1500 riel (US$0.375) 6 I am not sure that the project will - Mr. Y Chansan: Based on the final DED the project will cover my area or not, but I would cover 5 villages in Sangkat Stueng Traeng including request to STWS to also supply Rachea Nukol village that you are living. the clean water to my village Mr. Choum Sychen: Currently the connection fees cost areas same as another village as - about 292,400 riels or (US$73.1) per one connection well. And how much does it cost plus the deposit fee. for the connection fees? 7 I would like to request that - Mr. Y Chansan: Following the loan agreement between during the civil work pipeline RGC and ADB, the contractor will take one or two days installation (from digging to for pipeline installation (from digging until back/filling) backfilling) please do not take and will reinstate with the same the original condition, too long time. the resident engineer/PIU/ and consultant team will strictly monitor the contractor works during the civil work. - Mr. Thai Pipheak: Additionally, all of water pipeline distribution network are installed within the right of way (RoW) and will dig 0.3m to 1m width, 0.5 m to 1.2 m depth based on the DED and the size of water pipe. 8 Will the STWS supply the clean - Mr. Y Chansan: Based on the DED and list of water connect to Thma Leaph commune/village provided it also included the Tma village? Leaph village as well. 9 My house is far from the other in - Mr. Choum Sychen: First, we need our technical team the village, how can I connect the to study on that area and conclude the decision if there clean water supply? are any households (HHs) that are far from the access road or not. If the distance is about 100 -200 meters away from the main pipe, then we will decide to connect to that area which include your house as well. 10 When should we submit the - Mr. Choum Sychen: We will inform to the local connection, application forms to authorities and residents in the project areas again about PWW? the information and application submission schedule when we are ready.

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11 Is there any program to support - Mr. Choum Sychen: Now the STWS/PMU/PIU are the poor HHs/IP/EGs? assessing and discussing about this program and we will inform to the local authorities and residents including IP/EGs again when we receive the final information and confirmation. 12 I’m afraid that if I am not - Mr. Choum Sychen: Actually, the connection fee is fixed available to submit the and approved by Minister and applied to all provincial application at that time, and can water work country wide. be in any time later, what should I do?

C. Consultation and Participation Mechanism:

82. Additional consultations are required to be conducted with IP/EG communities prior to the start of civil work as well during the application submission and operation of water supply. The process and mechanism for consulting with IP/EG communities shall be prepared according to below steps and process. (1) Preparation stage:

- Pre-inform to both village leader and IP/EG elders (Chassrok)

- Obtain the coordinated schedule ensuring the agreed date and time are not overlapping with any IP/EG ceremonies and or spiritual praying.

- Decide on number of meeting size and approximately not more than 25 persons (to be confirmed by IP/EG communities) avoiding crowd.

- Prepare and confirm for the application of Covid-19 measures including masks, alcohols/ hand sanitizer, pre-arrangement of proper social distancing, and choose an open meeting location and avoid close-door meeting.

- Be aware of any type of foods/meats and other related materials that are contradicting to IP/EG cultures and norms (prohibitional norms), to be confirmed by IP/EG leader (Chassrok).

- Separation of male and female groups during consultations, including FGDs, if possible, to be confirmed by IP/EG leader. (2) At the time of discussion:

- Sitting arrangement should be in cycle or in U shape allowing better communication flow from everyone.

- Applying IP/EG cultural greetings and respects (to be confirmed by IP/EG leader)

- Pre-inform on specific topics for discussion/consultation - Asking for internal rule of discussion from IP/EG participants

- Avoiding asking any topics/questions that are culturally sensitive to their religious and norms and current practices

- IP/Laos EG Simultaneous translator shall be made available during the meetings/discussions.

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- No right or wrong questions and answers from everyone - Reserve sufficient times for questions and answers session for everyone

- Any pictures/photos to be taken shall be consent and prior agreement obtained from IP/EG participants. (3) Consultation closures:

- Ensuring proper documentations for reporting with sex and IP/EG data disaggregation. - Provide short summaries of discussed/agreed points - Culturally appropriate closing remarks to IP/EG communities

V. Beneficial and Mitigative Measures

83. This section specifies the measures to ensure that the ethnic minorities receive social and economic benefits that are culturally appropriate, and gender responsive. Specifies measures are provided in below Table to avoid adverse impacts on IPs/EGs; and where the avoidance is impossible, mitigation measures and compensation shall be provided by contractor. This Table is subject to be translated to Khmer handed to contractor with detail explanation from Social Specialist.

Table 7: Beneficial and Mitigative Measures No. Expected impacts/concerns Avoidable Mitigatable/ Implementation raised by IPs/EGs measures Beneficial arrangement/ measures Reporting Expected Impacts during civil work of pipe laying 1 Possibility to remove fences Yes, by applying Yes, in some case Monthly site (wooden and brick fences) and CoI close to the contractor can monitoring by PIU front gates to make way for soil existing road apply manpower and report to PMU excavation shoulder which is to excavate soil and SEMR. outside residential underneath of fences. fence and for fen’s foundation 2 Soil excavation may possibly No Yes, contractor to Confirmed and result in blocking of access to spare a space for agreed by IP/EGs house and home-base business household getting during SIA operations in and out and re- consultations. instate as quick as Monthly site possible within a monitoring by PIU daytime. and report to PMU and SEMR. 3 Soil excavation may possibly No Yes, contractor to Confirmed and lead to destruction of the existing re-instate the agreed by both front yard and concrete patio. excavated part to IP/EGs and the same quality PIU/contractor and conditions during SIA consultations. 4 Longer delays in the re- Yes, to completely Yes, following Confirmed and

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No. Expected impacts/concerns Avoidable Mitigatable/ Implementation raised by IPs/EGs measures Beneficial arrangement/ measures Reporting instatement of excavated front avoid business mitigatable agreed by both yard may generally disrupt disruption please measures point IP/EGs and business operations and cause following No.2 PIU/contractor difficulties for getting in and out. mitigatable during SIA measures point consultations. No.2 5 Workers are not aware of IP/EG Yes, contractor to Yes, contractor to Specific norms and cultural practices and carry out have an consultation may possibly violate those consultation with orientation recommendation restricted practices especially IP before starting session with those is provided in during spiritual praying/traditional civil work and specific IP/EG Recommended healing time periods, commonly agree on schedule cultures and Action. List of it is up to two weeks or a month. of any possible advise them to attendants should Different IP/Lao EG group may ceremonies and respects those be reported with have different practices and then avoid believe and not sex and IP/EG penalty. proceeding work violate during the disaggregated for those specific work. data. section. 6 Strict penalties applied for those Yes, consult with Yes, consult and GRC focal point who violate the IP/EG norms and IP/EG elderly and involve with IP/EG from PIU is very cultural practices (as mentioned completely avoid elderly (Chassrok) well aware of IP in details of above section) may working in those for conflict culture and possibly lead to conflict between period resolution and languages. Any IP/EG and workers. mediation complaint made shall be reported with sex and IP/EG disaggregated data. 7 Most of IP/Lao EGs are using Yes, prior consultation is essential and List of attendants their language at home while simultaneous translator is for any vast majority of worker are recommended during day-to-day consultation shall Khmer. The language barrier construction work for any specific and be reported with may result in ineffective critical communication with IP. sex and IP/EG communication from contractors disaggregated and IP/EG residents during day- data. to-day works for pipe laying Concerns raised by IP/EG residents during the operations of water pipe connection 8 Most of IP/EG raised concerns if their residential areas are not Application process and procedures for All these covered by the water supply water supply connection recommended network epically those locations actions shall be scattering outside the main road. Provision of full explanation on cost implemented by related to application form, connection 9 Difficulties in obtaining the PMU/PIU with the fee, deposit fee, and what application forms and application support from conditions/materials to apply before forms submission Social and gender and during the connection of water specialists and meters and pipe. 10 Not clear on the specific amount reporting into of application/connection fee and

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No. Expected impacts/concerns Avoidable Mitigatable/ Implementation raised by IPs/EGs measures Beneficial arrangement/ measures Reporting cost related and may decide not Clear explanation on specific tariff rate semi-annual to connect if the cost is too high. compares against amount of water safeguard usages monitoring report 11 No clear information on subsidies and GAP with sex Detail explanation on Gov subsidy program for ID poor and and IP/EG program for the right to purchase clean vulnerable households. disaggregated water for poor family applying the new data. 12 Concerns about high tariff rate of Prakas on ‘Water for the poor’ on water usage per cubic meter that subsidized Household connections. No. of IP/EG may lead to higher pay on household Water connection priority shall be monthly basis where majority of connection shall provided to the IP villages with IP/EG are managing their be reported to provision of subsidy program on the financial amount to pay for ESMR with sex poor. household expenses including disaggregated by electricity consumption and debt. IP/EG to participate in any water /IP/EG data. sanitation and hygiene program being implemented within the areas.

VI. Capacity Building

84. During the full operation of water connection and supply, all IP/EG villages shall be provided with the opportunity for capacity building for any awareness raising program/campaign which specific topic inclusion on how to get access to clean water and how to manage on the water usage bill and expenses. Gender Actions Plan (GAP) shall be integrated with this action and sex disaggregated by IP/EGs should be generated for reporting. 85. Contractor is responsible to carry out specific training session at their own cost to their employed workers avoiding cultural violation and conflict with IP/EG communities as specified in Recommended action and beneficial and mitigative measures above. VII. Grievance Redress Mechanism

86. In cases where AHs do not have the writing skills or are unable to verbally express their grievances, it is a customary that AHs are allowed to seek assistance from any recognized local groups, NGO’s, other family members, village heads or community chiefs to have their complaints or grievances written for them and affix their signature to the letter of complaint. AH has the right fully to have access to the DMS or contract document whenever they want to do so to ensure the accuracy of data of the affected assets/compensation amount to verify its accuracy if a dispute occurs; all the details have been accurately documented enabling all parties to fair treatment and impartiality. Throughout the grievance redress process, the responsible grievance committee will ensure that the concerned AHs are provided with copies of complaints and decisions or resolutions reached. 87. If the AH/AP is still not satisfied with the resolution of their complaints at the project and central level, they may also (or permit representatives to on their behalf) raise their concern or complaint with the ADB Cambodia Resident Mission (CARM). If AHs are still not satisfied with the responses of CARM, they can directly contact the ADB Office of the Special Project Facilitator. 88. Project specific GRM have been established and specific focal points have been assigned with contact provided in below Table. During the site assessment, GRM related forms were also

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provided to PIU focal points including; 1) GRM logbook, 2) Complaint form, 3) Complaint response form, and GRM reporting form. Appendix 4 provides all forms related to GRM. 89. Vice chief of Stueng Treng water work has been assigned as GRM focal person (female) to cover both IR and IP related issues and her ability to speak in IP language is essential to help in dealing/responding to concerns by IP population.

Table 8: GRM focal point at PIU Stueng Treng with detail contacts No Name Sex Position Contact No 1 Phoeu Sithat Male Chief of PDISTI 011 444 147 2 Zhong Chansavoun Female Deputy of PDISTI O11 766 764 3 But Chan Kung Male Chief of water supply 012 863 683 4 Oum Narith Male Officer of water supply 011 608 063 5 IP/EG elders -- From each IP/EG respective -- (Chassrok) villages

VIII. Institutional Arrangement

90. MISTI is the Executing Agency and will prepare and implement project activities including this IPP. PMUs is established base in MISTI with full-time staff to execute and manage the Project. Stueng Treng PIU and Provincial Water Work (PWW) are responsible for day-to-day implementation of sub-project covering the construction works and during the operation of water connection and water supply. 91. All relevant authorities from Provincial to commune/village level have been established to implement the sub-project under Prakas No. 129/19, dated 30 December 2019 with specific composition of staff assigned. 92. MISTI has an overall responsibility for the coordination and consolidation of UWSP, reports to MEF and ADB, and is responsible for preparing and overseeing the implementation of this IPP with technical support from PMU’s social and gender specialist. 93. PIAC will provide technical support to PIU/PWW in monitoring and supervision of construction work and provide immediate corrective action in compliance to this IPP in case of physical impacts and disruption that may occurred. IX. Monitoring, Reporting and Evaluation

94. PMU through the support from PIU/PWW and social safeguard and gender specialists to closely monitor the implementation of this IPP and report to be incorporated in to SEMR for official submission to ADB. Gender and IP/EG disaggregated data shall be provided in to the SEMR on the results of IPP implementation. X. Budget and Financing

95. The activities in the IPP are integrated into the overall arrangements and total budget of the project, including for consulting services. IPP-related training and communication activities will be incorporated into other project training and communication activities including GAP implementation.

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Appendix 1: Beneficial and Mitigative Measures

To be translated into Khmer and explanation from Social Specialist is required.

No. Expected Avoidable Mitigatable/ Implementation impacts/concerns raised measures Beneficial measures arrangement/ Reporting by IPs/EGs Expected Impacts during civil work of pipe laying 1 Possibility to remove Yes, by Yes, in some case Monthly site monitoring by fences (wooden and brick applying CoI close the contractor can PIU and report to PMU and fences) and front gates to to existing road apply manpower to SEMR. make way for soil shoulder which is excavate soil underneath excavation outside residential of fence and for fen’s fences. foundation 2 Soil excavation may No Yes, contractor to spare Confirmed and agreed by possibly result in blocking a space for household IP/EGs during SIA of access to house and getting in and out and re- consultations. Monthly site home-base business instate as quick as monitoring by PIU and operations possible within report to PMU and SEMR. a daytime. 3 Soil excavation may No Yes, contractor to re- Confirmed and agreed possibly lead to destruction instate the excavated by both IP/EGs and PIU/con of the existing front yard part to the same quality tractor during SIA and concrete patio. and conditions consultations. 4 Longer delays the re- Yes, to completely Yes, following Confirmed and agreed by instatement of excavated avoid biz mitigatable measures both IP/EGs and front yard are generally disruption point No.2 PIU/contractor during SIA may disrupt to business please following consultations. operation and facing mitigatable measu difficulty for getting in and res point No.2 out. 5 Workers are not aware of Yes, contractor to Yes, contractor to have Specific consultation IP/EG norms and cultural carry out an orientation session recommendation is provided practices and possibly consultation with with those specific IP/EG in Recommended violate those restricted IP before starting cultures and advise Action. List practices especially during civil work them to respects those of attendants should be spiritual praying/traditional and agree on believe and not violate reported with sex and IP/EG healing time periods, schedule of any during the work. disaggregated data. commonly it is up to two possible weeks or a month. Different ceremonies IP/Lao EG group may have and then avoid different practices and proceeding penalty. work for those spe cific section. 6 Strict penalties to be Yes, consult with Yes, consult and involve GRC focal point from PIU applied for those who IP/EG elderly and with IP/EG elderly is very well aware of IP violate the IP/EG norms completely avoid (Chassrok) for conflict culture and languages. Any and cultural practices (as working in those resolution and mediation complaint made shall be mentioned in details of period reported with sex and IP/EG above section) may disaggregated data. possibly leading to conflict between IP/EG and workers.

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7 Most of IP/Lao EGs are Yes, prior consultation is essential and List of attendants for any using their language at simultaneous translator is recommended consultation shall be home while vast majority of during day-to-day construction work for any reported with sex and IP/EG worker are Khmer. specific and critical communication with IP. disaggregated data. Language barrier may result ineffective communication from contractors and IP/EG residents during day-to-day works for pipe laying Concerns raised by IP/EG residents during the operations of water pipe connection 8 Most of IP/EG raised concerns if their residential Application process and procedures for All these recommended areas are not covered by water supply connection actions shall be the water supply network Provision of full explanation on cost related implemented by PMU/PIU epically those locations to application form, connection fee, deposit with the support from Social scattering outside the main fee, and what conditions/materials to apply and gender specialists and road. before and during the connection of water reporting into semi-annual 9 Difficulties in obtaining the meters and pipe. safeguard monitoring report application forms and Clear explanation on specific tariff rate and GAP with sex and application forms compares against amount of water usages IP/EG disaggregated data. submission Detail explanation on Gov subsidy program No. of IP/EG household 10 Not clear on the specific for the right to purchase clean water for poor connection shall be amount of family. reported to ESMR with sex application/connection fee Water connection priority shall be provided disaggregated by /IP/EG and cost related and may to the IP villages with provision of subsidy data. decide not to connect if the program on the poor applying the new cost is too high. Prakas on ‘Water for the poor’ on subsidized 11 No clear information on Household connections. subsidies program for ID IP/EG to participate in any water sanitation poor and vulnerable and hygiene program being implemented households. within the areas. 12 Concerns on high tariff rate of water usage per cubic meter that may lead to higher pay on monthly basis where majority of IP/EG are managing their financial amount to pay for household expenses including electricity consumption and debt.

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អត#$បេ'ជន៍ និងវ./ន0រណ៍0ត់បន#យ (Translated to ) No. / / / ក"ី$រម'ែដល$នរ,ពឹងទុក ផលប៉ះ វ>?ន@រណ៍េជៀសFង អតIJបេKជន៍ វ>?ន @រេរៀបចំៃន@រអនុវតO @រេធQើ 6ល់ែដលេលើកេឡើងេ;យ @រណ៍@ត់បនIយ រ$យ@រណ៍ IPs/EGs

ផលប៉ះ6ល់ែដល$នរ,ពឹងទុកអំឡRងេពល@រSរសុីវ>លៃន@រ;ក់បំពង់ទឹកTUVត 1 ( លទធភពកររុះេររបង+ របងេឈ+ និង BចេធD+បនេFយអនុវតK កនុងករណី ខSះ អនកេម៉ករ មនករ3តaតពិនិតយ3បចំែខ ) PIU របងថម និង3ចកចូលផទះខងមុខ រេបLងៃនផលប៉ះពល់េទ Bចេ3ប+3បស់កមSំងពល េFយ និងេធD+របយករណ៍ PMU SEMR ស3មប់ករជីកដី េល+ដីចំណី ផSូវែដលមន កមមស3មប់ករជីកដីេន ជូនដល់ និង ។

3Uប់ សថិតេនខងេ3ក េ3កមរបង និង 3គឹះរបង របងៃនេគហF[នរបស់ 3បជជន។ 2 ករជីកដីBចនឹងមនផលប៉ះពល់ មនមនិ អនកេម៉ករនឹងេរLបចំ ឯកភព និងយល់3ពមេFយ IP/EGs ដល់ករ 3បេjះផSូវទំេនរស3មប់ អំឡុងេពលករ3បជុំ SIA eំងសទះៃនផSូវេចញនិងផSូវចូល និង អនុញញតឲយ3គaUរេចញ ផhពDផtយUធរណះ ។

BជីវកមមgមផទះនិងមូលF[នេផh េ3កនិងចូលកនុងបន 3ពម មនករ3តaតពិនិតយ3បចំែខ PIU ងៗ ទំងជួសជុលេឡ+ងវញឲយិ េFយ និងេធD+របយករណ៍ PMU SEMR េលqនgមែតBចេធD+េទ ជូនដល់ និង ។

បនកនុងរយះេពលមួយៃថង 3 ករជីកដីBចឈនេទដល់ករប៉ះ មនមនេទិ អនកេម៉ករនឹងជួសជុល ឯកភព និង យល់3ពមេFយ IP/EGs ពល់ទីធSខងមុខផទះ និងeនwល េឡ+ងវញេនែផនកែដលិ អំឡុងេពលករ3បជុំ បនប៉ះពល់ឲយមនUថន ផhពDផtយUធរណះ SIA។

ភពលxនិងគុណភពលx ដូចេដ+ម។ 4 ករពនយេពលយូរៃនករជួសជុល េដ+មបេជLស{ងករeំងសទះី អនុវតKgមវធនករណ៍ិ ឯកភព និង យល់3ពមេFយ IP/EGs េឡ+ងវញៃនែផនកខងមុខផទះិ នឹងBច និងរ ំខន សូមអនុវតKgម េនចំណុចទី២ អំឡុងេពលករ3បជុំ SIA ប៉ះពល់េទេល+Bជីវកមមgមលំេន វធនករណ៍េនចំណុចទិ ី ផhពDផtយUធរណះ ។

F[ន និងផSូវេចញចូល ២ 5 កមមករUងសង់Bចនឹងមនិ បន អនកេម៉ករនឹងមនករ អនកេម៉ករមនវគគពនយល់ ករ3បជុផhពDផtយជក់àក់3តâវំ

យល់ចបស់អំពីបទF[ន និងករ 3បជុផhពDផtយជមួយនំ ឹង បែនថមជក់àក់េទេល+ បនផKល់ជូនេនកនុងេសចកÇី IP/EG IP IP 3បរពធវបបធម៌េផhងៗរបស់ មុនេពលចប់េផÇ+ម វបបធម៍ 3បៃពណី របស់ ែណនំអំពីសកមមភព។បញជី

េហ+យBចនឹងមនករប៉ះពល់ដល់ ករងរសុីវលិ និងយល់ និងែណនំដល់ពួកគត់ឲយ េឈមះអនកែដលចូលរួម 3តâវេធD+

ករអនុវតKឬ3បរពធជកំហិតនូវវបបធ 3ពមេទេល+កលវភគៃនិ េជqេល+ជេនqំ និងមនមនិ eយករណ៍ែបងែចកជ េភទនិង IP / EG ម៍ទំងេនះ ជពិេសសកនុងអំឡុង ករ3បរពធពិធីបុណយអDីមួយ ករប៉ះពល់េផhងៗកនុង ទ ិននន័យែបងែចកជ ។ / េពលេគរពែបប3បៃពណី ករ 3ពមទំងបេញជÜសករប៉ះ េពលេធD+ករ។

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ពយបលgមែបបបុeណ ែដលជ ពល់េផhងៗេទកន់ទី

ទូេទBចនឹងមនរយះេពលពីរសបK gំងជក់àក់ទំងេនះ។ ហ៍ឬមួយែខ។ 3កåម IP / Lao EG

េផhងៗគន ក៏មនករអនុវតKនិងករ

Fក់ ពិន័យេផhងៗគន។ 6 ករពិន័យតឹងរង3តâវអនុវតKចំេពះអនកឹ ពិេ3គះនឹងចស់3ពឹទធចរយ ពិេ3គះនឹងចស់3ពឹទធចរយ បុគគលបេងគលៃនគណៈកមមករ IP/EG IP/EG ( PIU ែដលបនប៉ះពល់េល+បទF[ន និង របស់ េហ+យ របស់ ចស់ េFះ3UយបណÇឹ ងរបស់ IP/EG ) ករអនុវតKន៍វបបធម៌របស់ េចLស{ងករអនុវតK 3សåក េដ+មបែសDងរកី បនយល់ចបស់អំពី3បៃពណី ( IP ដូចែដលបនេរLបeប់េនកនុងេសច ករងរកនុងអំឡុងេពល ដេèះ3Uយនំ ិងស3មបនិងភUរបស់ ។ eល់ ) កKីលំអិតៃនែផនកខងេល+ Bចនំឱយ េនះ ស3មaល បណÇឹ ងេផhងៗគួរែតeយករណ៍ IP / EG មនទំនស់រ{ង និងកមមក េFយមនករែបងែចកេភទនិង IP/EG រ។ ទិននន័យែបងែចកជ ។ 7 IP / Lao EG ភគេ3ច+នៃន3បជជន ករ3បជុផhពDផtយជមុនគំ ឺចំបច់ និងអនកបកែ3ប បញជីេឈមះអនកែដលចូលរួម 3តâវ

េ3ប+3បស់ភUេដ+មរបស់ពួកគត់ ផទល់3តâវបនែណនំកនុងអំឡុងេពលករងរសុីវលពិ ី េធD+ eយករណ៍ែបងែចកជ េភទ IP / េនលំេនF[ ន ខណៈេពលែដលកមម មួយៃថងេទៃថង ស3មប់ទំនក់ទំនង់ចំបច់èមួយ និងទិននន័យែបងែចកជ IP EG ករភគេ3ច+នជជនជតិែខមរ។ ជមួយនឹង ។ ។ ឧបសគគេផhងៗែផនកភUទំនក់

ទំនងនឹងBចបèKលឱយមនករ 3ប3ស័យទក់ទងមនមន3បសិ ិទធ IP ភពរ{ងអនកេម៉ករនិង3បជជន / EG កនុងអំឡុងេពលេធD+ករ3បចំៃថង ស3មប់ករFក់បèÇញបំពង់ទឹក

Ux ត។

@រJពWយ$រម'ែដល$នេលើកេឡើងេ;យJបXជន IP / EG កYRងអំឡRងេពលJបតិបតOិ@រៃន@រត[\Vប់បំពង់ទឹកTUVត 8 IP / EG - 3បជជន ភគេ3ច+ន បន ពនយល់ពីដេណំ + រករៃនករFក់ពកយសុំនិងនីតិវធិ ី សកមមភពែដលបនែណនំ

េល+កេឡ+ងពីករ3ពaយបរមភ ស3មប់ករតភជប់បèÇញផគត់ផគង់ទឹកUxត ទំងអស់េនះ3តâវអនុវតKេFយ - PMU / PIU 3បសិនេប+តំបន់លំេនF[នរបស់ពួក ផKល់ករពនយល់េពញេលញអំពីតៃមSទក់ទងនឹង េFយមនករគំ , , / គត់ មន3តâវបន3គបដណÇប់េFយិ ពកយសុំ ៃថSេស{ភជប់ ៃថSេស{កក់ និងលកខខណñ ស 3ទពីអនកជនញសងគមនំ ិងេយន

បèKញផគត់ផគង់ទឹកUx ត ជ មភរៈ ែដល3តâវអនុវតKមុននិងអំឡុងេពលភជប់ែម៉3តទឹក ឌ័រនិងេធD+របយករណ៍3តaតពិនិ GAP ពិេសស ទីgំងទំងេនះសថិតេន និងបំពង់ទឹកUxត។ តយពក់កèÇលឆនំនិង - IP/EG ខងេ3កផSូវធំ។ ករពនយល់ចបស់អំពីៃថSេស{េ3ប+3បស់ទឹកេ3បÜប ជមួយនឹងទិននន័យេភទ 9 ផលវបកកនិ ុងករទទួលពកយេសន+សុំ េធLបនឹងចំនួនទឹកែដលេ3ប+3បស់ ។

និងករFក់ពកយេសន+សុំ

Urban Water Supply Project (UWSP) Loan: 3232 34

10 - - ចំនួនមនទន់ជក់àក់ែដលិ ករពនយល់លំអិតអំពីកមមវធិ ីឧបតថមភរបស់រF[ភបលិ ចំនួនៃនករតភជ បបèÇញៃន ់ / IP / EG ទក់ទងនឹងពកយេសន+សុំ តៃមSតភជប់ ស3មប់មនសិទធិកនុងករទិញ3បព័នធទឹកUxតស3មប់ 3គaUរ 3តâវេធD+របយ

េផhង ពួកគត់Bចនឹងសេ3មចចិតK 3គaUរ3កី3ក។ ករណ៍eយករណ៍េទកនុង IP ESMR ថមនភជប់វិ ញិ 3បសិនេប+ករតភជប់ Bទិភពៃនករតភជប់ទឹក3តâវផKល់ដល់ភូមិ េFយផK ជមួយនឹងករទិននន័យ IP/EG មនតៃមSៃថSេពក ល់កមមវធិ ីឧបតថមភដល់3បជជន3កី3ក េFយអនុេàម ែបងែចកេភទរ{ង 11 មនទន់មនព័ត៌មនចបស់àស់ិ េទgម3បកសថមី សKីអំពីកមមវធិ ីឧបតថមធនៃថSជវេ3ប+

អំពីកមមវធិ ីឧបតថមភស3មប់3គaUរ3កី 3បស់ទឹក ស3មប់3គaUរ3កី3ក។ IP - IP / EG 3កនិង3គaUរងយរងេ3គះៃន េBយ ចូលរួមកនុងកមមវធិ ីអនម័យនិងទឹក 12 ពួកគត់មនករ3ពaយបរមភអំពីបញö Uxតèមួយែដល3តâវបនអនុវតKេនកនុងតំបន់។ . តៃមSៃនករេ3ប+3បស់ទឹកUxតមន

តៃមSខពស់េពក ែដលBចនំេBយ មនករចំèយេ3ច+នេល+3បក់ ចំèយ3បចំែខ ែដលភគេ3ចនៃន + IP/EG 3គប់3គងករចំèយរបស់

ពួកគត់េទេល+អគគិសនីនិងបំណុ ល។

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Appendix 2: SIA and Consultations/FGD/KII Tools

QUESTION GUIDE FOR KEY INFORMANTS INTERVIEW Urban Water Supply Project (UWSP) Sub-project : Stung Treng Province

Purpose of the interview: To gather information about the ethnic/indigenous people in the project areas. This information will be specially used for assessing the need to prepare Indigenous Peoples Plan according to ADB safeguards requirements. Data gathered will be essential for enhancing the benefits for the people in the project areas and for mitigation of any identified adverse impacts from the project on the local communities. I.General information of respondent,

• Location of interview : • Venue : • Name of the interviewed person(s) : • Position : • Sex : , Age : • Name of ethnic group : • Date for interview: Time started: Time ended : • Contact No:

II.General information of the people in the village.

1. Which ethnic groups do people associate with in this village /Commune? • Approximate proportions:

2. Which languages do people speak ? 3. Are there people in the village(s) who do not speak the Khmer language fluently? Explain • (e.g. gender, age, lack of education, etc.): 4. Are there people in the village who cannot read and write in the Khmer language? Explain:

5. Which religions do people confess to in this village / commune? • Approximate proportions:

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6. How long time have the local villages been here, how long time have people been living here?

7. About how many people/families have moved into the villages during the past 5 years? • Why, reasons for in-migration? 8. About how many people/families have moved out of the villages the past 5 years? • Why, reasons for out-migration?

III.Local leadership and organization

9. What local community organizations / groups are there in the village(s)? Explain: 10. Does your village have a group of elders/leaders based on ethnic group? • If NO, move to Section IV. 11. How many men and women are in that group? 12. Can a woman be (i) Village leader? (ii) Cultural/ethnic group leader? 13. ) What ethnic group(s) do this elders’ group represent 14. How was that group selected or assigned? Explain: 15. What is the role and responsibilities of that group of leaders/elders?

IV.Cultural heritage

16. What culturally important natural places or constructions/buildings are there in your village /commune area? (such as sacred forest, pagoda, monastery, cemetery, other place that people consider sacred) • Where are these places located? • What seasonal (e.g. annual, bi- annual, monthly) festivities take place there? Explain: 17. Are there any other important festivities or celebrations that people celebrate? Where? Who is participating?

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V.Conflict resolution

18. If there is a dispute or a conflict between different people or households in the village (e.g., if one household’s animals are eating another household’s crops, if somebody is leaving rubbish on another household’s land, if somebody is behaving in a non-acceptable way) how do you solve conflicts in the village, to whom do people go with their complaints, and how are conflicts then handled and resolved? 19. Do ethnic or religious leaders have a role in conflict resolution? How? Explain:

Opinion/views and concerns about the planned project

20. Do you know about the Urban Water Supply Project (UWSP)? ____ Yes ____No (If NO, please explain the proposed project and its impacts) 21. What are your thoughts about the UWSP project, do you expect the project will positive or negative impact to your community ? 22. What positive impacts do you expect from the UWSP project? 23. Do you foresee any negative impacts or risks from the project? ___Yes ___No If “YES”, what are those?

24. Can you give any recommendations for how to prevent or mitigate those problems or risks?

25. Do you support the MISTI and the project as a community leader and do you provide your consent for the project on behalf of the ethnic community 26. Please provide any other suggestions, concerns or recommendations to the project people on behalf of the community

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Pictures during the KII interviewed

QUESTION GUIDE FOR FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION

Urban Water Supply Project (UWSP) Loan: 3232

• Date: • Duration: Time start: Time end: • Venue: • Type of Group: • Village: , Commune: , District: , Province:

I.Participant Information

No Name Gender Occupation Ethnicity Male Female

II.Detail Discussion on Current Living Condition

1 Discussion on current household’s income, occupations, farming activities as presently and ethnic traditions, • Are women the household income earners? percentage %?

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2 If compare to the previously 2 or 3 year, is your household income is worse or better ? • Are women more employed/ occupation than before ?

3 Discussion on households and community health related status. • Probe about sickness/diseases that caused by water consumption? • Probe about female related issues, Gynecology, Reproductive health and so on, 4 Accessing to health services and or traditional treatment and religion. • Probe about challenges if any ? • Separate traditions and religious treatment on women if any ? 5 Getting education in public school. • Probe about their children educated for both gender (boy and girl) • Did the daughter attend the school the same as the son ? If not, why ? 6 Power/electricity sources for cooking and lighting • Probe about the costs • Who are using the firewood cutting? what does women participate in? 7 Discussion on current water resources and availability (separated for drinking water and domestic household’s usage) • Probe about costs and challenges 8 Are there any other organization/institutions that are working on water supply and sanitation in this area? • Are there any activities that focus on women? 9 Hygiene related, using of toilets and bathroom • Other challenges ? • Can household wo afford a proper bathroom ? Yes or No ? what is the reason ? 10 Are there any cultural concerns or any spiritual or restrictions that related to the water resources? If yes, please describe in detail. • Are there any separate for women ?

1) Assessment on IP Impact 11 • Are you aware of the Urban Water Supply Project ? • When the project starts to be implemented, what do you think are the positive and negative impact ? explaining from

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pipeline installation activity, during the pipe connection, and using clean water supply. • What are the solutions to the negatives? Please describe in detail.

12 Do you think men and women or youngsters and elders may have different concerns over this project? If yes, what are they? What are the solutions for these concerns? 13 • Describe about the clean water connection plans to each of focus group discussion. • Telling them about the price of the connection fees and the price of water usage. • Telling them about the program to support the poor household and it also applied for IP household as confirmed by PIU team. • Describe about the submission of application form and deposit procedure for connection activities. • Asking the participants, what they think of the above options? and could they afford to pay for the connection fees to access the clean water for daily use or not ? 14 Is there any particular attention that projects should be pay to the ethnic minority? Especially, the women and girls ? 15 Do ethnic minority allow the project to implementing of pipeline laying in this area ? Do IP people and ethnic minority support the project ? If yes, let all participants raise their hand. 16 Discussion on the Grievance Redress Mechanism and the focal person who was assigned to handle the complaint for this project with full name and contact number and its process.

IV.Opinion and Recommendation

17

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HOUSEHOLD QUESTIONNAIRE FORM SOCIO- ECONOMIC SURVEY FORM

Household Code______I. Interview information

1.1. Surveyed by Date …………………………...... ……………………………………

Address of household:

Village...... Commune ......

Towersip: ...... Province: ......

1.3.1 Name of Respondent ______Nickname ______

1.3.2 Gender 1.Male 2. Female

1.3.3 Age ______Relationship to 1. Household Head 2. Wife/Husband 3. Son/Daughter 4. Relatives 5. others 1.3.4 household head 1.3.5 Telephone number ______

1.4. Which zone is the nearest?

1. Core Zone 3. Conservation Zone 2. Sustainable Zone 4. Community Zone

1.4.1 How far is it from your house?………………

1.4.2 What is the name of the zone?…………….

1.5. Since how long you have been living here (Years).……………………………………….

IF RESPONDENT IS NOT HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD, PLEASE FILL-UP BOX

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II. Information of head household

2.1. Full name: ...... 2.2. Full name of landowner: ...... ………...... 2.3. Gender: 1. Male 2. Female 2.4. Ethnicity: 1. Khmer 3. Praov 5. Laos 7. Katork/ 2. Kroeung 4. Kuy 6. Jarai 8. Other 2.5. Age: ...... 2.6. Marital Status: 1. Married 2. Single 3. Widowed 4. Separated 5. Divorced

III. Information of household members 3.1. Does your family have the ID poor card? 1.Have 2. Don’t have (If no, please move forward to question 3.3) 3.2. Which type of card? 1. Poor1 2. Poor 2 3.3 How many members are there in your family? ______Persons 3.4 How many male members are there in your family? ______Persons 3.5 How many female members are there in your family? ______Persons

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2.1- (No DP) 2.2- 2.3- 2.4- Sex 2.5 – 2.6 – 2.7- Main 2.8- Monthly 2.9- 2.10- 2.11- Health 2.12- Body status 2.13. 2.14.

Relationship Age 1. Male Marriage Education occupation sources of Secondary Secondary Status 1. Normal Ethnic Langu to 2. Female Status Level Including incomes job job incomes 1.Normal 2. Elderly/Disabled age household (Check (Check students (Riels) (Check Code (Riels) 2. Chronic 0

N head Code Code (Check Code below) diseases

(Check the below) below) below) code below)

Code (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) (F) 1 1.Househol d head 2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Codes : (A): Relationship to household head 1.Head 2. Wife/Husband 3.Children 4. Mother/Father 5.Mother/Father-in-law 6.Siblings 7.Relatives-in-law 8.Niece/Nephew 9.Son/daughter-in-law 10.Others (B): !ថនភព&ពពិពហ៍៖ 1.Single 2.Married 3.Divorced 4.Separate 5.Widowed (C): Education Level៖ 1. Never studied 2.not finishing Primary school 3. Finished Primary school 4.Middle School 5. High school 6.Bachelor 7. Below high school 8. Others (D,E): Occupation៖ 1.Goverment 2.Private Sector 3.Sellers 4.Tourism Hotels or Restaurants 5.Construction 6.Factory workers 7.Tailo Industries 8. Workers 9. Fishermen 10. Farming 11.Road business 12.Deliveries 13. Student 14.Crafts 97. Others (pls specify) ៖ ......

(F): Ethnic៖ 1. Khmer 2. Laos 3.Kroeung 4. Prov 5.Kuy 6. Laos 7.Jarai 8. Katork

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IV. Family economy activity 4.1. Main source of income3 of AH (choose only one answer) ………………...... 4.2. Secondary source of income3 of AH (choose only one answer): ………………...... 4.3 Expenses What are the sources of expenses in your household and what is the average cost of In 4.3.1 per month and year? (Please describe) Riel Sources of expenses s 1 How much does your household spend on food in average? 2 How much does your household spend on clothes in average? 3 How much does your household spend on average on taxes (house, land, business, car)? 4 How much does your household spend on taxes in average (house, land, business, car)? 5 How much does your household spend on electricity bills in average? 6 How much does your household spend on education in average? (If any)

7 How much does your household spend on business (raw materials / workers / staff / rent)? (if any) 8 How much does your household spend on loan repayments in average (if any)? 9 How much does your household spend on water bills in average? 10 How much does your household spend on health care in average (if any)? 11 How much does your household spend for agriculture in average (fertilizer / seed fee)? 12 How much does your household spend on personal body care in average (hygiene items)? 13 How much does your household spend transportation in average (gas / rent)? 14 How much does your family spend for events in average (weddings or other celebrations, etc.)? 15 How much does your household spend on renting (materials / land / construction)? 16 How much does your household spend on livestock in average (food & medicine)? 97 Others (pls specify) ៖ ______4.3.2 What is the total expenses in your family in average? ……………… 4.4. Does your household have any debts this year? 1. Yes 2. No=>Please move to 4.6 4.4.1. How much is the debt? ……………………. KHR 4.4.2. Please specify which source of the debt does your household have: 1. From relatives ……………. KHR 5. From banks ……………. KHR 2. From neighbors/ ……………. KHR 6. From NGO ……………. KHR 3. From friends ……………. KHR 7. Others (pls specifying)/ 4. From a private lender ……………. KHR V. LIVING STANDARDS 5.1. Please indicate quantity of assets that your household owns/

3Source of income code: 1-Salary/ wage; 2- Agriculture; 3- Small business; 4- Assistance from Government; 5 -Other (specify)

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45

In which of the following assets are available in your households? 5.2 assets 1.have /0. don’t have 1 TVs 2 Radios 3 Satellite (DTV, One TV, …….) 4 Smartphones 5 Computer 6 Laptop 7 DVD 8 Internet 9 Batteries 10 Air Conditioners 11 Solar System 12 Sewing Machines 13 Refrigerator 14 Laundry Machines 15 Fans 16 Machines (Gasoline & Diesel) 17 Bulldozer 18 Tractor 19 Harvest Machines 20 Rice Milling Machines 21 Water Pumps 22 others 23 Bicycles 24 Motorcycles 25 Cars 26 Tuk Tuk 27 Trucks 28 Romok 97 others______

5.3. Land Tenture

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46

2 Type of land Total area (m ) Residential land/ Paddy land Orchard Land use

5.4. Which energy source is the household using for lighting and cooking (choose only one answer)? 1. Lighting 2. Cooking

1.1 Electricity (grid) 1.4 Fuel/ Oil 2.1 Bio – gas/ 2.3 Other (specify):

...... 1.2 Electric generator/ 1.5 Wood, coal/ 2.2 Wood/ coal/

1.3 Batteries 1.6 Others: …………………...... 5.5. Main source of domestic water (choose only one answer) 1. Dug well 4. Stream 2. Drilled well 5. Other (specify) …………………………… 3. Public taps 5.6. Type of latrine/toilet / (choose only one answer)

1. Septic tank toilet 3. One-compartment latrine 2. Pit latrine 4. Two-compartment latrine 5. Other specify…………

VI. OPINIONS ABOUT THE IMPACTS OF THE PROJECT

6.1. Are you aware about the Project and heard about the Project? 1. Yes 2. No 6.2. Have you been consulted about the Project? 1. Yes 2. No

6.3. Do you support the Project? 1. Yes 2. No

6.4 Do you think the Project is beneficial? 1. Yes 2. No

6.5. Which impacts will the Urban Water Supply Project affect to your household? (choose one or more than one answer) Urban Water Supply Project (UWSP) Loan: 3232

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1. Reduce the area of productive land 5. Loss of access road 2. Have to re-locate 6. Other (Specify): ……………………………… 3. Change the occupation ...... 4. Impact by the construction activities ......

6.6. What kind of project assistance do you expect from the Project? 1. Provide for free of charge for the connection fees/. 2. Provide 12 months installment payment of the connection fees 3. Provide only 50% of the total connection fees/ 4. Others (Specify) ……………………………………………………………………

OTHER OBSERVATION BY THE SURVEYORS/SUGGESTIONS OR RECOMMENDATIONS FROM THE RESPONDENTS

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Appendix 3: Consultations minutes and FGDs transcripts

RESULT FROM KEY INFORMANT INTERVIEW Urban Water Supply Project (UWSP) Sub-project : Stung Treng Province

Purpose of the interview: To gather information about the ethnic/indigenous people in the project areas. This information will be specially used for assessing the need to prepare Indigenous Peoples Plan according to ADB safeguards requirements. Data gathered will be essential for enhancing the benefits for the people in the project areas and for mitigation of any identified adverse impacts from the project on the local communities. I. General information of respondent,

• Location of interview : Phluk village/ Phluk commune/ Sesan District. • Venue : Resident’s house • Name of the interviewed person(s) : Ms. Orn Ny Vann • Position : Elderly of Khmer Laos ethnic minority. • Sex : Female, Age : 65 • Name of ethnic group : Khmer Laos ethnic minority. • Date for interview: 9/06/2021 Time started: 12h30 Time ended : 13h45 • Contact No: N/A

II. General information of the people in the village.

1) Which ethnic groups do people She said that there are approximately 80% of associate with in this village the total population in this village are Khmer /Commune? Laos. • Approximate proportions: • Khmer Laos _80__% • Khmer __15 - 20__%

• Other __1____%

2) Which languages do people speak ? According to the elderly of Khmer Laos ethnic minority, all the people who are living in the Phluk village they all speak Laos language in daily life, but they can also speak Khmer language when they met Khmer people.

3) Are there people in the village(s) who She pointed out that for the elderly of Khmer do not speak the Khmer language Laos people, they could not speak Khmer well fluently? Explain due to the fact that they usually speak Laos language in their daily life. The Khmer Laos

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• (e.g. gender, age, lack of education, people who are 70 years old or up could not etc.): speak/read/write in khmer, because most of them did not go to school, some people studied at the pagoda with the Monks. But it is different from the young people since they could speak/read/write Khmer language very well. Both genders are the same.

4) Are there people in the village who The Khmer Laos people who are 70 years old cannot read and write in the Khmer or up could not read/write in Khmer because language? Explain: they did not study Khmer language when they were young. There are about 10% of the population of Khmer Laos people elderly in

this village,

5) Which religions do people confess to in All of them confessed to believe in Buddhist this village / commune? 100%. They all celebrated the Khmer Bchum • Approximate proportions: Benh day, Visaka Bochea day, Khmer New year and so on, same as Khmer people. She said that from her early childhood to 6) How long time have the local villages adolescence and adulthood, there are many been here, how long time have people khmer Laos people living in this village, so been living here? she assumed that this village was presented

here very long time ago, but she could not provide the specific information on this. 7) About how many people/families have There is no new family who have moved into moved into the villages during the past this village, but there are many new couples 5 years? who are husbands or wives that came from • Why, reasons for in-migration? other villages and after they got married, they continue to live here, in this village.

8) About how many people/families have There is no household that has moved out of moved out of the villages the past 5 this village, but there are some people here years? who got married to other people of the other • Why, reasons for out-migration? villages, some of them came back to live in this village and some of them did not.

III. Local leadership and organization

9) What local community organizations / All of them followed the administrative system groups are there in the village(s)? such as the village chief, commune chief, and Explain: district and so on. Meanwhile, they are also seeking the Khmer Laos elderly to assist them as well.

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10) Does your village have a group of She said “YES” there are about 20 persons elders/leaders based on ethnic group? assigned as Khmer Laos elderly covering two Ø If NO, move to Section IV. villages of Phluk commune.

11) How many men and women are in that There are 15 men and 5 women. group?

12) Can a woman be (i) Village leader? She said “YES” there is no separation men or (ii) Cultural/ethnic group leader? women for the selected as Khmer Laos elderly.

13) ) What ethnic group(s) do this elders’ She said that all of them are Khmer Laos group represent elderlies who lives in the village/commune.

14) How was that group selected or There was a selection from the people who are assigned? Explain: living in this village to present as Khmer Laos elderly.

15) What is the role and responsibilities of She said the role and responsibilities of Khmer that group of leaders/elders? Laos elderly/leader are below:

• To resolve if there is any disputation • To assist them whenever they have any issue/problem in their family. • Represents respect for spirituality/astrology • As the midwife to assist the people in the village when they are giving childbirth. • As the elders in any events in the village and pagoda as well.

IV. Cultural heritage

16) What culturally important natural places The Khmer Laos are practicing their cultural or constructions/buildings are there in praying called (NEAK TA Festival) twice a year your village /commune area? (such as at the NEAK TA hut/forest where there are sacred forest, pagoda, monastery, statues for worship. The purpose of this cemetery, other place that people praying is to request for luck, happiness, more consider sacred) rainy water to increasing their farming yield Ø Where are these places located? and more. This cultural praying will be Ø What seasonal (e.g. annual, bi- celebrated in the month of February and May, annual, monthly) festivities take and there is no any traditional or cultural place there? Explain: restriction on this event, and it will take half day for this celebration. She also mentioned that, since the previous celebration of NEAK TA FESTIVAL, the whole village was closed for three days and they do not allow people to travel in or go outside of Urban Water Supply Project (UWSP) Loan: 3232

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the village. But currently, because the people need to go to work and doing their business, this restriction has been adapted and there won’t be any restriction on the access road/ district road. People can travel as normal but there are still some households that still strictly following the restrictions. They do not allow anyone to go into their house without permission or agreement from the host prior entering into the house. Out of this, all of them preferred to bring food to the monks at the pagoda as well.

17) Are there any other important festivities She said “YES” All of khmer Laos people in or celebrations that people celebrate? this village celebrate their traditional Where? Who is participating? respecting called (Rice harvest Festival) once a year and it was held in between November and December. People preferred to celebrate at the pagoda with participation from all people in the village, elderlies, monks, and village/commune chief as well.

V. Conflict resolution

18) If there is a dispute or a conflict between She has provided her experiences and different people or households in the conflicts resolved as following: village (e.g., if one household’s animals are eating another household’s crops, if • There are several conflicts/ disputes such somebody is leaving rubbish on another as family disputes, land disputes, household’s land, if somebody is individual litigation, 50% to 70% were behaving in a non-acceptable way) how resolved by elderly leader and village do you solve conflicts in the village, to chief. whom do people go with their • The conflict resolved are also solved with complaints, and how are conflicts then some conditions as following: handled and resolved? 1. The parties of the conflict must not hate or resent each other after the conflict is resolved. 2. the purpose of settlement disputation is not to determine of who wins or loses. It only wanted the people to be united, to understand each other, and to love each other like brothers and sisters. 3. If the family dispute is resolved, but they are still committing again, they will be punished by offering pigs for worship for three years in a row. 4. For the women, if she was found to get pregnant before marrying, they will be

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punished by washing the all the villager’s legs and it will be use as a vow wash.

19) Do ethnic or religious leaders have a She said “YES” about 50% of the Khmer Laos role in conflict resolution? people accepted the solution provided from the elderly group because all of them don’t How? Explain: want to bring their conflicts/disputes to the local authorities for resolution. Furthermore, if the conflict could not resolve by elderly leader. it will also send to the local authorities for resolution as well. She has provided some examples as following: if someone made a mistake or commit which is a crime such as stealing goods, fighting, and so on. They should be bringing to the local authorities for resolution.

Opinion/views and concerns about the planned project

20) Do you know about the Urban Water She said “YES” she knew about the project Supply Project (UWSP)? ____ Yes because she was informed by the village chief ____No for few days ago. (If NO, please explain the proposed project and its impacts)

21) What are your thoughts about the She said that this project is good. There is no UWSP project, do you expect the negative impact, due to the fact the clean project will positive or negative impact water pipe will be installed in the vacant land to your community ? within the Right of Way (RoW) and it will take for one day from digging until back filling and it will be able to reinstate the same as the previous condition.

22) What positive impacts do you expect During the water pipe installation, it will impact from the UWSP project? or disturb for a short period for one day from digging until back filling. She would suggest that the contractor should inform to the AHs prior to start the civil work to let them know and be well-prepared.

23) Do you foresee any negative impacts or She said “NO” there is no negative impact to risks from the project? the people because the water pipe will install within the road shoulder where the vacant land ___Yes ___No If “YES”, what are is and it is able to back filling and reinstate the those? same as the previous condition. So, no negative impact is foreseen.

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24) Can you give any recommendations for She would like to suggest to all relevant how to prevent or mitigate those stakeholder to communicate with each other problems or risks? between project team and local people/local village chief to inform or facilitate with them before the start of the civil work.

25) Do you support the MISTI and the She said “YES” she supported the MISTI for project as a community leader and do implemented this project and provided you provide your consent for the project consent on behalf of the Khmer Laos ethnic on behalf of the ethnic community community. 26) Please provide any other suggestions, She has provided some recommendations as concerns or recommendations to the below: project people on behalf of the community • On behalf of khmer Laos community, she would like to request to all relevant

authorities to provide the clean water supply to the people who are living far distance from the main water pipe of more than one kilometer to get access to the clean water the same as people who living nearby main pipe. • Please provide the subsidize program to the poor households such as reducing the water connection cost at the minimum that they can afford to pay, 12 months installment payment and so on to let more households to be able to afford and get access to clean water supply. • During the water pipe installment, please arrange the detour or bridge for each household for them to enter their house. • She has also provided some information that, in this Phluk village, the community clean water has been operating about one month ago, then there are about more than 100 households who have connected and used the community clean water supply up to date. The community water price was quite high than water from PWW, but the connection fees was low than PWW, it just about 100,000 riels or US$25 only per one connection.

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Pictures during the KII interviewed

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RESULT FROM KEY INFORMANT INTERVIEW Urban Water Supply Project (UWSP) Sub-project : Stung Treng Province

Purpose of the interview: To gather information about the ethnic/indigenous people in the project areas. This information will be specially used for assessing the need to prepare Indigenous Peoples Plan according to ADB safeguards requirements. Data gathered will be essential for enhancing the benefits for the people in the project areas and for mitigation of any identified adverse impacts from the project on the local communities. VI. General information of respondent,

• Location of interview : Rechea Nukol village/ Stueng Treng commune/ Stueng Treng Municipality. • Venue : Resident’s house • Name of the interviewed person(s) : Mr. Nor Siem • Position : Elderly of Praov ethnic minority. • Sex : Male, Age : 65 • Name of ethnic group : Praov ethnic minority. • Date for interview: 11/06/2021 Time started: 14h00 Time ended : 15h25 • Contact No: 097 857 8199

VII. General information of the people in the village.

1) Which ethnic groups do He said that there are 10 households which people associate with in this in total of 63 persons, 33 are female of IP village /Commune? Praov who are residing in this village. In Approximate proportions: • addition, there are IP kroeung ethnic living in

this village as well.

• Khmer ___80__% • Praov ___7____% Kroeung ___7__% • • Other ___5____%

2) Which languages do people According to the elderly of Praov ethnic speak ? minority, when the IP Praov met the other Praov ethnic, they always speak Praov language and when they met the khmer people, they speak in khmer language. He also said that currently, most of the youngest of IP Praov ethnic could not speak Praov language well because they normally speak in khmer and study in the khmer school too.

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3) Are there people in the village(s) He pointed out that for the elderly of IP praov who do not speak the Khmer people, they could not speak khmer well due language fluently? Explain to the fact that they did not study in Khmer • (e.g. gender, age, lack of education, school the same as the younger people. etc.): Moreover, the Praov elderly always speak praov language in their daily life, so they could not speak Khmer fluently. But it is different from the young people since they could speak Khmer language very well. Both genders are the same.

4) Are there people in the village who The IP Praov people who are 60 years old or cannot read and write in the Khmer up, they could not read and write in Khmer well language? Explain: because they did not study the Khmer language in school. But, for the elderly of Proav ethnic himself, he can read and write a

little bit because he has studied with the Monks at the pagoda in the past so that he could read and write a little bit in Khmer language.

5) Which religions do people confess All of them confessed to believe in Buddhist to in this village / commune? 100%. Nevertheless, the IP Praov are still • Approximate proportions: celebrating their tradition ceremonies too such as wedding and funeral ceremonies. Some IP Praov are following the Khmer traditions, and some are following the IP Praov traditions respective as stated from the interview.

6) How long time have the local He said that the IP Praov came here for started villages been here, how long time farming since 1980. For about 20 years, they have people been living here? subsequently built the house and created the village/ethnic group until present. In addition, he added that previously, there are so many IP people who are living here and they are from . But when the Khmer people are also coming to live here too, the Praov people started to move out to other places or go back to Ratanakiri province.

7) About how many people/families There is no IP Praov people/ household that have moved into the villages during moved into this village within the past 5 years. the past 5 years? Moreover, there are new households that • Why, reasons for in-migration? separated from their mother/ farther after they get married. Sometimes, there are IP Praov relatives or neighborhood from Ratanakiri came to visit for a short period of time and then go back.

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8) About how many people/families He said “NO” there is no IP Praov have moved out of the villages the people/household who have moved out of this past 5 years? village within the past 5 years. Why, reasons for out-migration? •

VIII. Local leadership and organization

9) What local community Normally, the IP Praov people in this village organizations / groups are there in always seek the IP elderly to provide solutions the village(s)? Explain: whenever they have any issue/concern/sickness/or family member dead/married and so on…etc. so, it means that the IP elderly group is the first local community that IP people seek for help and secondly, they would seeking the local authorities just like the village and commune chief. In addition, he said that if there is any matter that was mentioned as above, the IP elderly will also bring the issue/matter to discuss with the local village chief and commune chief for solution as well. Furthermore, it was confirmed that both IP elderly and local village/commune chief have also facilitated each other in its local management.

10) Does your village have a group of He said “YES” there are four persons elders/leaders based on ethnic assigned as the IP Praov elderly group in this group? village. Ø If NO, move to Section IV.

11) How many men and women are in There are overall four people of Praov that group? elderlies in that group and all of them are men.

12) Can a woman be (i) Village leader? He said ‘YES” normally, they did not separate (ii) Cultural/ethnic group leader? gender (Men or Women) for selecting as the IP elderly. It depends on the ability of leading the group of both genders. Currently, there are women leaders at the Ratanakiri who are working as IP village leader and cultural/ethnic group leader as well.

13) ) What ethnic group(s) do this He said that all of them are IP Praov elderlies. elders’ group represent

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14) How was that group selected or He said that there was a selection from the IP assigned? Explain: Praov people to present themselves as Praov elderly leader. There are four people who were selected as the Praov group elderly. The mains activities and responsibilities of IP elderly are to resolve any disputations and addressed if there is any requested/suggested from IP Praov.

15) What is the role and responsibilities He said the role and responsibilities of IP of that group of leaders/elders? elderly/leader are below:

• To resolve if there is any disputation • To provides the solution if there is a request from praov people in the village. • Representative of Praov people to attend any public meeting/ other events or any requirements to the local village chief/ Sangkat as well as Municipality of stung treng. • If the disputes cannot resolve by elderly leader then it will be submitted the complaint/disputes to the local village/Sangkat chief or to the police for resolution.

IX. Cultural heritage

16) What culturally important natural There is no sacred forest or other place that places or constructions/buildings the people considered as sacred. All of them are there in your village /commune preferred to go to the pagoda like the Khmer area? (such as sacred forest, people to celebrate on Bchum Benh Day, pagoda, monastery, cemetery, Khmer new year and so on. Besides, the IP other place that people consider praov people should to go to Ratanakiri sacred) province once a year to celebrate their cultural Ø Where are these places located? praying/ traditional respects regularly. Ø What seasonal (e.g. annual, bi- annual, monthly) festivities take place there? Explain:

17) Are there any other important He said “YES” the IP Praov people are festivities or celebrations that normally practicing their tradition people celebrate? Where? Who is respect/cultural praying when their family participating? member got sick., Some households preferred to celebrate at Ratanakiri province, and some are practicing at their homes. In addition, during the tradition respecting/cultural praying of the IP households, they do not allow anyone

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to enter into their homes for a period of 5 days to a week.

X. Conflict resolution

18) If there is a dispute or a conflict There are several kinds of conflicts or disputes between different people or like family’s conflicts between wife/husband, households in the village (e.g., if inheritance dispute among their family one household’s animals are eating member, jealousy among their relatives, and another household’s crops, if other conflicts as well. This could be resolved somebody is leaving rubbish on by the IP elderly leader, but he also mentioned another household’s land, if that it was not included in the illegal act such somebody is behaving in a non- as murder or robbery and so on. As mentioned acceptable way) how do you solve above, if there is one of those conflict, the IP conflicts in the village, to whom do elderly will decide to inform the local people go with their complaints, and authorities for resolution. how are conflicts then handled and resolved?

19) Do ethnic or religious leaders have a He said “YES” most of the IP people accepted role in conflict resolution? the solution provided from IP elderly group because all of them don’t want to bring their How? Explain: conflicts/disputes to the local authorities for resolution. Furthermore, if the conflict could not resolve by IP elderly leader. It will also be send to the local authorities for resolution as well. In addition, for the conflict’s resolutions, it has also been accepted from local authorities as well. He has provided some examples as following: if someone made a mistake or commit crimes such as stealing goods, fighting, and so on. They will get punished by providing pigs or chickens and (SRA SOR) for worship. If the conflict is serious like getting someone heavily injured or disable, they should provide them a pair of live buffalos to the victims.

Opinion/views and concerns about the planned project

20) Do you know about the Urban He said “YES” he knew well about the project Water Supply Project (UWSP)? because he has participated in the Focus ____ Yes ____No Group Discussion about the project, as well as (If NO, please explain the proposed he has agreed and signed on the consent project and its impacts)

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letter on behalf of IP Praov ethnic to the project team as well.

21) What are your thoughts about the He said that this project is good. In fact, the UWSP project, do you expect the people in this area needed the clean water project will positive or negative supply for daily life, there is no negative impact impact to your community ? to IP people and community.

22) What positive impacts do you During the water pipe installation, it will impact expect from the UWSP project? or disturbing for a short period for one day from digging until back filling. He would suggest that the contractor should inform to the AHs or they should understand if any of the IP households are practicing their cultural praying or not? To avoid any mistakes, the contractor should get the agreement or confirmation from each IP household in advance prior to start the civil work.

23) Do you foresee any negative The contractor should complete the work of impacts or risks from the project? pipe laying within one day to avoid any concern or disturbance to the IP people and ___Yes ___No If “YES”, what are they should understand well about the things those? that the IP people do not allow to bring into their houses or community to avoid causing harm to the IP people/family.

24) Can you give any recommendations He has provided some recommendations as for how to prevent or mitigate those below: problems or risks? The contractor should inform to the IP • households in advance about the schedule of pipe installment to avoid any mistakes or harmful to the IP people. • To expedite the work to be completed within one day. • The contractor should follow the IP people if they have any requests or suggestions and so on. • The contractor should know about the things that IP people do not allow to bring into their house or village. • If any of the mistakes happen, the contractor should resolve it with the IP people and the IP elderly to avoid causing harm to the IP people and their community. • To install the water pipe outside of the IP resident’s fence, so that it will be easy to maintain and counting the volume of water

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usage as well as to not worry about impact on the IP cultural praying as well.

25) Do you support the MISTI and the He said “YES” he supported the MISTI and project as a community leader and needed the project and provided consent on do you provide your consent for the behalf of the ethnic community. project on behalf of the ethnic community 26) Please provide any other He has provided some recommendations as suggestions, concerns or below: recommendations to the project people on behalf of the community • Please follow/respect the traditional/cultural praying practice of IP

people, please do not do anything as arbitrary to avoid causing harm to the IP people. • There are some specific varieties of vegetable/trees/fishes/wild animal which are not allowed to bring into their house or community as it is normally cause harm to their family members. • Please do not enter the IP houses during their traditional respect or cultural praying. • Please ask for permission or agreement in advance before walking into IP home. • In fact, the IP people in this area also need the clean water supply for daily life, but they are all concerned on the water connection fees that was too high, they probably can’t afford to pay for the connection fees. In this case, he would suggest to all relevant authorities to reduce the cost at minimum fees so that IP people can afford to pay and let all the IP households get access to the clean water supply as well. • In the end, he also said that if there is any issue happened during the civil work, on behalf of IP ethnic, he is willing to help and support the project team and provide solutions as much as he can.

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Pictures during the KII interviewed

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Urban Water Supply Project (UWSP) Sub-project : Stung Treng Province

Purpose of the interview: To gather information about the ethnic/indigenous people in the project areas. This information will be specially used for assessing the need to prepare Indigenous Peoples Plan according to ADB safeguards requirements. Data gathered will be essential for enhancing the benefits for the people in the project areas and for mitigation of any identified adverse impacts from the project on the local communities. XI. General information of respondent,

• Location of interview : Rechea Nukol village(CHAMKA MAISAK)/ Stueng Treng commune/ Stueng Treng Municipality. • Venue : Resident’s house • Name of the interviewed person(s) : Mr. Lougn Nut • Position : Elderly of Kroeung ethnic minority. • Sex : Male, Age : 68 • Name of ethnic group : Kroeung ethnic minority. • Date for interview: 10/06/2021 Time started: 15h30 Time ended : 16h45 • Contact No: 097 370 6495

XII. General information of the people in the village.

1) Which ethnic groups do people He said that there are 11 households which associate with in this village in total of 82 persons, 34 are female of IP /Commune? Kroeung who are residing in this village. In Approximate proportions: addition, there are IP Praov ethnic living in

this village as well.

• Khmer ___80__% • Praov ___7____% • Kroeung ___7__% • Other ___5____%

2) Which languages do people According to the elderly of Kroeung ethnic speak ? minority, when the IP Kroeung met the other kroeung ethnic, they always speak Kroeung language and when they met the khmer people, they speak in khmer language. He also said that currently, most of the youngest of IP Kroeung ethnic could not speak Kroeung language well because they normally speak in khmer and study in the khmer school too.

3) Are there people in the village(s) He pointed out that for the elderly of IP who do not speak the Khmer Kroeung people, they could not speak Khmer language fluently? Explain well. For instance, the elderly of Kroeung

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• (e.g. gender, age, lack of education, himself, for the past 68 years of his life since etc.): he was young, his family and other IP Kroeung villagers consecutive practiced from their ancestor worship show that the IP Kroeung people had never lived and farmed in one particular place longer than 3 years, they have to move to another place to do the farming and residing as subsequently and the new generation are also following this tradition until now. In this village, previously, the IP kroeung are living inside the central of the Stung Treng municipality but when the Khmer people came to live more and more, The IP Kroeung decided to move to this place until now because the IP people love and wanted to live in the forest. In the past, none of IP kroeung has studied in school because they always displaced every 2 or 3 years so that they did not study in Khmer school the same as the young people. Moreover, the Kroeung elders always speak kroeung language in their daily life, so they could not speak Khmer fluently. But it is different for the young people since they could speak Khmer language very well. Both genders are the same.

4) Are there people in the village who The IP kroeung people who are 60 years old cannot read and write in the Khmer or up, they could not read and write in Khmer language? Explain: well because they did not study the language in school. But, for the elderly of Kroeung ethnic himself, he can read and write a little bit

because he has studied with the teacher who always tries very hard to teach him even though he has moved or changed locations many times. So, he could read and write a little bit in Khmer language.

5) Which religions do people confess All of them confessed to believe in Buddhist to in this village / commune? 100%. Before 1980, there is none of IP • Approximate proportions: Kroeung who has confessed to believe in Buddhist but after the years of 1980, they learned about Buddhist and they believed that the Buddhist is good for them so that they all confessed and believed in Buddhist so far. He has also mentioned that, before 1980, all of them never know or heard about the Buddhist, normally, they are always farming and residing in the forest and keep their distance far from the Khmer community.

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6) How long time have the local He said that the IP Kroeung came here and villages been here, how long time started farming since 1980. For about 20 have people been living here? years, they subsequently built the house and built the village/ethnic group until present. In addition, he added that previously, there are so many IP people who are living in the central of Stung Treng municipality near to DAMNAK SDECH in Prek village, all of them are from Ratanakiri Province. But when the Khmer people are also coming to live in the same place as them too, the kroeung people started to move out to other places and a few households are coming to live here and some are going back to Ratanakiri province.

7) About how many people/families There is no IP Kroeung people/ household that have moved into the villages during moved into this village within the past 5 years. the past 5 years? Moreover, there are new households that • Why, reasons for in-migration? separated from their mother/ farther after they get married. Sometimes, there are IP kroeung relatives or neighborhood from Ratanakiri came to visit for a short period of time and then go back. In addition, he has added, recently, there are IP kroeung married to Khmer and residing in this village together, some household the husband is Khmer and some household the wife is IP Kroeung, most of them have adapted to live/farm/work together. But in here, it is different in Rattanakiri province.

8) About how many people/families He said “NO” there is no IP kroeung have moved out of the villages the people/household who have moved out of this past 5 years? village within the past 5 years. Why, reasons for out-migration? •

XIII. Local leadership and organization

9) What local community Following the IP people practiced, he is the IP organizations / groups are there in elderly presented of the IP kroeung people in the village(s)? Explain: this area. Normally, the IP Kroeung people in this village always seek the IP elderly to provide solutions whenever they have any issue/concern/sickness/or family member dead/married and so on…etc. so, it means

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that the IP elderly group is the first local community that IP people seek for help and secondly, in the administrative system, he is the chief of group No.2. Moreover, there are local authorities such as the village and commune chief. In addition, he said that if there is any other matter that was mentioned as above, the IP elderly will also bring the issue/matter to discuss with the local village chief and commune chief for solution as well. Furthermore, it was confirmed that both IP elderly and local village/commune chief have also facilitated each other in its local management.

10) Does your village have a group of He said “YES” there are two person that were elders/leaders based on ethnic assigned as the IP kroeung elderly group in group? this area. Ø If NO, move to Section IV.

11) How many men and women are in There are overall two people of kroeung that group? elderlies in this group and all of them are men.

12) Can a woman be (i) Village leader? He said “NO” since the ancient time, women (ii) Cultural/ethnic group leader? has never been selected or assigned as the IP elderly leader and even now, he never sees an IP woman as an IP elderly leader either.

13) ) What ethnic group(s) do this He said that all of them are IP Kroeung elderly elders’ group represent or they can call group No.2.

14) How was that group selected or There was a selection from the IP Kroeung assigned? Explain: people to present themselves as Kroeung elderly leader. There are two people who were selected as the Kroeung group elderly. The main activities and responsibilities of IP elderly are to resolve any disputations and addressed if there is any requested/suggested from IP Kroeung. In the administrative system, he was assigned as the chief of IP group No.2 to facilitate with the local authorities on behalf of IP Kroeung.

15) What is the role and responsibilities He said the role and responsibilities of IP of that group of leaders/elders? elderly/leader are below:

• Participated in any meeting with the local authorities. • Summary and update of the IP population statistics and report to local authorities. Urban Water Supply Project (UWSP) Loan: 3232

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• Assist the IP Kroeung on registration of ID card and family book and so on. • To resolve if there is any dispute • To provide the solution if there is any request from kroeung people in the village. • Representative of Kroeung people to attend any public meeting/ other events or any requirements to the local village chief/ Sangkat as well as Municipality of Stung Treng. • If there is any dispute that cannot be resolved by the elderly leader then the complaint/disputes will be submitted to the local village/Sangkat chief or to the police for resolution.

XIV. Cultural heritage

16) What culturally important natural Once a year, all of the IP Kroeung are places or constructions/buildings respecting their tradition or cultural praying at are there in your village /commune NEAK TA hut where there are statues for area? (such as sacred forest, worship to request for luck, happiness, more pagoda, monastery, cemetery, rainy water to increasing their farming yield other place that people consider and more. This cultural praying will be sacred) celebrating in the month of May or June, and Ø Where are these places located? there is no traditional or cultural restriction on Ø What seasonal (e.g. annual, bi- this event, and it will take half of the day for annual, monthly) festivities take this celebration. place there? Explain: Out of this, all of them preferred to go to the pagoda like the Khmer people to celebrate on Bchum Benh Day, Khmer new year and so on. Besides, the IP Kroeung people should go to Ratanakiri province once a year to celebrate their cultural praying/ traditional respects regularly.

17) Are there any other important He said “YES” the IP Kroeung people are festivities or celebrations that normally practicing their tradition people celebrate? Where? Who is respect/cultural praying by providing participating? buffalo/pig/chicken and alcohol (SRA PIENG) when their family member got sick. Some households preferred to celebrate at Ratanakiri province, and some are practicing at their homes. In addition, during the tradition respecting/cultural praying of the IP households, they do not allow anyone to enter

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into their homes for a period of 3 days to 5 days.

XV. Conflict resolution

18) If there is a dispute or a conflict He said that as an IP elderly leader, he always between different people or maintains, guides, explains to all IP people in households in the village (e.g., if this area. If there is someone who made a one household’s animals are eating mistake, he/she will be warned three times, another household’s crops, if after the three warnings then they will be sent somebody is leaving rubbish on to the local authorities followed by the another household’s land, if Kingdom of Cambodia Laws and provided somebody is behaving in a non- them resolution. acceptable way) how do you solve conflicts in the village, to whom do There are several kinds of conflicts or disputes people go with their complaints, and like family’s conflicts between wife/husband, how are conflicts then handled and inheritance dispute among their family resolved? member, jealousy among their relatives, and other conflicts as well. This could be resolved by the IP elderly leader, but he also mentioned that it was not included in the illegal act such as murder or robbery and so on. As mentioned above, if there is one of those conflict, the IP elderly will decide to report to the local authorities for resolution.

19) Do ethnic or religious leaders have a He said “YES” most of the IP people accepted role in conflict resolution? the solution provided from IP elderly group because all of them don’t want to bring their How? Explain: conflicts/disputes to the local authorities for resolution. Furthermore, if the conflict could not resolve by IP elderly leader. it will also send to the local authorities for resolution as well. In addition, for the conflict’s resolutions, it has also been accepted from local authorities as well. He has provided some examples as following: if someone made a mistake or commit crimes such as stealing goods, fighting, and so on. They will get punished by providing pigs or chickens and (SRA PIENG) for worship. If the conflict is serious like getting someone heavily injured or disabled, they should provide them a pair of live buffalos to the victims.

Opinion/views and concerns about the planned project

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20) Do you know about the Urban He said “YES” he knew about the project Water Supply Project (UWSP)? because he has participated in the Focus ____ Yes ____No Group Discussion about the project, as well as (If NO, please explain the proposed he has agreed and signed on the consent project and its impacts) letter on behalf of IP Kroeung ethnic to the project team as well.

21) What are your thoughts about the He said that this project is good. There is no UWSP project, do you expect the negative impact due to in fact that the clean project will positive or negative water pipe will be installed in the vacant land impact to your community ? within the Right of Way (RoW) and it will take for one day from digging until back filling and able to reinstate the same as the previous condition.

22) What positive impacts do you During the water pipe installation, it will impact expect from the UWSP project? or disturb for a short period for one day from digging until back filling. He would suggest that the contractor should inform to the AHs or they should understand if any of the IP households are practicing their cultural praying or not? To avoid any mistakes, the contractor should get the agreement or confirmation from each IP household in advance prior to start the civil work.

23) Do you foresee any negative He said that based on the mapping-provided impacts or risks from the project? shows that our location was distanced from the main water pipe approximately 5-6 km ___Yes ___No If “YES”, what are length, then only 11 households who are those? residing in this area will be invested a lot of money for this clean water distribution but not all of IP household are able to afford to get access to clean water supply as well as each household are already have their existing water well for daily use. Thus, most of them will not connect to the clean water supply as observed as well as they did not want to increase their household expenditure as well.

24) Can you give any recommendations He has provided some recommendations as for how to prevent or mitigate those below: problems or risks? As mentioned above, they all have their

existing water well for daily life and for farming. The IP people who are living in the (CHAMKA MAISAK) location would like to request for the electricity connection and access road, due to

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the fact that there is no access road and electricity connected to that place yet. For the clean water supply, it is also necessary for daily life but the most important is the location of IP residents (CHAMKA MAISAK) was not in one place, their houses are far apart from each other and distanced from the main road about 3km length and from main water pipe about 5-6 km length.

25) Do you support the MISTI and the He said “YES” he supported the MISTI for project as a community leader and implemented this project and provided do you provide your consent for the consent on behalf of the ethnic community. project on behalf of the ethnic community 26) Please provide any other He has provided some recommendations as suggestions, concerns or below: recommendations to the project people on behalf of the community • On behalf of IP Kroeung people, he would request to all relevant authorities to

provide an access road to the IP resident at the CHAMKA MAISAK location because currently, there is no proper access road for travelling or transports. • He would also request to all relevant authorities to provide the electricity of state connected to the IP resident location at the CHAMKA MAISAK because it will be helpful to the IP such as lighting at nighttime as well as the electricity service is very necessary and convenience for them. • For the clean water supply, he would suggest that this service would be better if it comes after the electricity and access road as it is prior and higher demand from our IP in the CHAMKA MAISAK location.

Pictures during the KII interviewed

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RESULT FROM FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION

Urban Water Supply Project (UWSP) Loan: 3232

• Date: 13 Feb 2021 • Duration: 1h 30mn Time start: 8:30am Time end: 10:00am • Venue: Villager’s house • Type of Group: General Group (Mix Male and Female) of Kroeung IP. • Village: Rechea Nukol, Commune: Stueng Treng, District: Stueng Treng, Province: Stung Treng

I. Participant Information

No Name Gender Occupation Ethnicity Male Female 1 Be Sok Yet M Army Kroeung 2 Dam Yon Piseth M Farmer Khmer 3 Be Sorith M Army/farmer Kroeung 4 Penh Nuth M Farmer Kroeung 5 Be Ny F Farmer Kroeung 6 Hu Ngor F Farmer Kroeung 7 Bun Puy F Housewife Kroeung 8 Bun Chorn M Farmer Kroeung 9 Bun Oeun F Farmer Kroeung 10 Bun Teav F Farmer Kroeung

II. Detail Discussion on Current Living Condition

1 Discussion on current • All participants confirmed that they are carrying an household’s income, occupation which are different such as farming, seller, occupations, farming activities water well service provider, short-term crop cultivation, as presently and ethnic construction worker, Government staff…etc. traditions, • All of the household incomes are 100% support to • Probe about main source of household expenditures. household income • As observed, their living condition is in good condition, due to the fact is their residential is located within the Stung Treng municipality compound area, so that, they have an opportunity to look for any kind of job and business operation as well as selling product/things in the market as well. 2 If compare to the previously 2 • Some of participants said that their household income is or 3 year, is your household better due to the fact that they applied their specific skills income is worse or better ? to get daily incomes, farming yield better, as well as, some of them are getting retired wage support from Government as well. • Some of participants said that their household income is worse due to the COVID-19 pandemic, they weren’t able to do the business/selling as usual. • Some said that their household income is normal (no worse or better) due to the fact is their household income is depending on farming and getting monthly wages.

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3 Discussion on households and • All participants confirmed that, currently, they are using community health related water deep well for daily life. The well water source was status. good and sufficient. They all said that the water well was • Probe about shared with their relatives and neighborhoods as well. sickness/diseases that • In general, all participants said that there is no caused by water sickness/disease caused by using the water. As to the consumption? fact that they have been using this water a long time ago until the present. • All participants confirmed also that people need to pump the water from the water well to store in the water pools or jar for a while before using and most of them are drinking boiled water. 4 Accessing to health services • Most of participants confirmed that currently people and or traditional treatment preferred to seek on private service provider or Public and religion. health center, the provincial referral hospital and private • Probe about challenges if service provider are providing the services better. any ? • They also said that, sometimes, if one of their household members got sick, they would also practice their existing cultural praying by providing Pigs, Chickens and Alcohol (SRA BHIENG) to apologize to the ancestor worship. • They also said that, sometimes, the health service center and private service provider cannot recover or getting better from the sickness, but after they practiced their spiritual respect or cultural praying, they are getting better or recovering from the sickness. 5 Getting education in public • All participants confirmed that their children are studying school. at public school which there is no separation between • Probe about their children boys or girls. Moreover, they also said that, currently educated for both gender their children at least completed their studies at the (boy and girl) secondary school level so that most of them can read/write/speak in Khmer very well. • Some of them said their children are studying in high school and some are studying at university, which depends on their household condition. • Some of them are studying international languages at private school and some are studies at Non-Government Organization (NGO) as well. 6 Power/electricity sources for • Most of them said that they are using firewood and few cooking and lighting households are using gas for cooking. They used the gas • Probe about the costs for cooking occasionally only. • Some of them confirmed that they are already connected to the electricity of state and the costs depend on the volume of usage ranging from 650 riels to 2000 riels about US$ 0.16 to 0.50 for who are residing near the main road and some are using the solar panels and Battery due to the fact that their houses were about 3 Km awayfrom the main road with no proper access road connecting to their houses as well. 7 Discussion on current water • They said that the deep water well is the main water resources and availability source, they are using the well water for drinking and (separated washing, bathing and others. Some households have for drinking water and domestic their own water well and some can share the water with household’s usage) relatives too. • Probe about costs and • If the water source is not providing enough because the challenges well water become shallow, sometimes, the water well

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owner should look for the private service to rehabilitate the water well to be deeper to allow the water out for continuously using. It happened one time within the period of 3 or 5 years. They also said that the service fees of the water well rehabilitate is about 250,000 riels or about US$ 62.50, they are volunteered to contribute their money for this service. 8 Are there any other • They all confirmed that the well water provided sufficient organization/institutions that are water for daily life and to cover their short-term plantation working on water supply and crop as well. There is no other organization or institution sanitation in this area? who are working on this except water supply authority of stung treng, but the service is limited and did not cover this area up to date. • All of them confirmed that there is no challenge or issue regarding the use of well water up to date. 9 Hygiene related, using of toilets • They all confirmed that each household have their own and bathroom toilet and bathroom. They built it by themselves and they • Other challenges ? confirmed that there is no challenge on using toilet or bathroom. • Information provided from all participants shows that previously, there was an NGO’s that has been consulted with the IP residents regarding providing the support for the toilets to IP people within the area but it was not affordable by IP due to higher cost., and they make the toilet by themselves. 10 Are there any cultural concerns • All participants confirmed that there is no cultural or any spiritual or restrictions concern or restriction related to the water resource or that related to the water using of water. resources? If yes, please describe in detail.

III. Assessment on IP Impact 11 • Did you aware of the Urban • Not all participants were aware of the project. Water Supply Project ? • The participants provided an opinion as below: • When the project starts to Ø Positive Impact: They all confirmed that there is no be implemented, what do concern regarding the water pipe installation activities you think are the positive because the work will take only one day from digging and negative impact ? until back filling as well as the location of water pipe is in explaining from pipeline the ROW/Road shoulder. The people will have access to installation activity, during clean water supply soon and they expected that their the pipe connection, and living style perhaps changes into good condition by using clean water supply. reducing the risk of using low quality water and getting • What are the solutions to clean water supply on 24hours. the negatives? Please Ø Negative Impact: They are concerned about the describe in detail. connection fees, if the connection fee is too high, they probably cannot afford to pay for it, as well as, recently, they are having the existing water well for daily life, moreover, the water quality was also good. Some of them said that, their houses are located in the (CHAMKAR MAISAK) which distanced from the main road about 3km and currently there is no proper access road connected to that place, most of them are using the existing water well for daily life, the water quality was also good.

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Ø Solution: They all said that the clean water supply is very helpful and necessary for the daily life, moreover, all of them understood that their location is distanced from the clean water main pipe approximately 5-6 Km as show in mapping, then, most of them probably cannot afford to pay for the connection fees as well. As observed, most of IP people in this location may not afford to pay for the water connection fees, furthermore, they already have the existing water well for daily life. 12 Are there any different concerns • All participants said that there is no different issues or between men and women or concerns for this project. youngsters and elderly? What are they? What are the solutions for these concerns? 13 • Describe about the clean • All participants confirmed they understood well about the water supply connection process of water pipeline installation activities. plans and its processes to • All participants thought that for the water connection fees each of focus group was too high and for the cost of using water was discussion. acceptable. • Telling them about the price • They all confirmed that they are having the existing water of the connection fees and well for daily use, so that in fact the clean water supply the price of water usage. was not too necessary for them. • Telling them about the • They provided their feedbacks/opinions to the program program to support the poor to support the poor households was good and it will help household and it also to those poor households and IP households to get applied for IP household as access to the clean water as the same as other in this confirmed by PIU team. area, but the price was too high perhaps a lot of • Describe about the households might not be able to pay for it. submission of application • All participants confirmed they understood well about the form and deposit submission of application form and other related procedure for connection documents to be prepared. activities. • About 80% of participants confirmed that they will not • Asking the participants, connect/access to the clean water supply and 15% are what are they conceiving of not really sure, 5% are not providing any idea, due to the the above options? And will fact is that all of them have an existing water well for daily they afford to pay for the use as well as they actually did not want to increase the connection fees to access household’s expenditure as well. the clean water for daily use or not ? 14 Is there any particular attention • As mentioned above, they all have the existing water well that projects should be pay to for daily life and for farming. the ethnic minority? • The IP people who are living in the (CHAMKA MAISAK) location would like to request for the electricity connection and access road, due to the fact is there is no access road and electricity connect to that place yet. • They also need the project team especially the construction workers to be aware of the IP household practicing their spiritual respect/cultural praying, they do not allow anyone else to travel or around their house with a time period of one or two weeks. • They also suggested to PWW to install the pipe and relevant equipment outside of the IP residential fence, it would be easier for counting or checking while the IP resident housing owner was not available or to go outside…etc.

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• In the case of any mistakes that happened, caused by construction workers, the project and contractor should resolve friendly and closely. 15 Do ethnic minority allow the • All participants confirmed to allow and support to the project to implementing of project. They all raised their hands up. pipeline laying in this area ? Do IP people and ethnic minority support to the project ? If yes, let all participants raise their hand up. 16 Discussion on the Grievance • All participants understood well about the process and Redress Mechanism and the focal person who was assigned to handle for this project. focal person who was assigned They are all preferred to seek the IP elderly and village to handle the complaint for this chief to assist them on registration the complaint or any project with full name and suggestion/ concerns ….etc. contact number and its process.

IV. Opinion and Recommendation 17 Ø All participants said that for each IP resident housing if any household are practicing their spiritual respect or cultural praying within a period time of one or two weeks, the warning sign will be also put in front of their house to show or inform to the other people. Furthermore, there are some specific varieties of fruits, vegetables, trees, fishes and wild animal which are not allowed to bring into their house or community as it is normally caused harms to their family members.

Ø Those specific varieties of vegetables/ trees and wild animal like as Pumpkin, Bamboo, Eggplant, Eel, Tigerfish, Sambar deer, Turtle, Chevrotain…etc.

Ø Notice 1: In case of any person whoever make mistake (intentional or unintentional) with the above mentioned, they should discuss and find out for solution with IP households by using their existing IP minority procedure or they can negotiate for some kind of things that are not available for finding or out of their ability to purchase or it is limited of budget…etc.

Ø Notice 2: based on information provides by IP elderly and from IP participants, they usually practiced their existing cultural praying to apologize to the ancestor worship as following:

1. Providing a single or a pair of buffaloes for worship, 2. Providing a single or pair of pigs for worship, 3. Providing a pair or more of chickens for worship, 4. Providing alcohol (SRA SOR) for worship, 5. All of the above 1- 4 they can discuss or negotiate between IP household and the person who made mistake.

Ø Notice 3: All participants said that, usually, they are very careful to travel to other household, even though they are the same IP group, they should ask permission or getting an agreement from the host prior entering into the house. Ø Notice 4: if the IP households are practicing their spiritual respect or cultural praying, they will not allow anyone else to travel into or around their house, and with the time period of one or two weeks. The warning sign will also put in front of their house to show or inform to the other people. Furthermore, there are some specific varieties of vegetables, trees, fishes,

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and wild animals which are not allowed to bring into their house or community as it is normally causes harms to their family members.

Pictures of participants during the FGD

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RESULT FROM FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION

Urban Water Supply Project (UWSP) Loan: 3232

• Date: 12th Feb 2021 • Duration: 1h 30mn Time start: 14:30pm Time end: 16:00pm • Venue: Villager’s house • Type of Group: General Group (Mix Male and Female) • Village: Rechea Nukol, Commune: Stueng Treng, District: Stueng Treng, Province: Stung Treng

V. Participant Information

No Name Gender Occupation Ethnicity Male Female 1 Rom Bonghey F Farmer Kroeung 2 Poak Chongrek F Seller Praov 3 Sdeung Srey Touch F Seller Praov 4 Hun Ngor F Seller Praov 5 Daeng Somali F Construction worker Praov 6 Sorn Chanthy F Housewife Praov 7 Dorm Sophal F Housewife Praov 8 Dorm Srey Pov F Housewife Praov 9 Chhem Noy F Farmer Kroeung 10 Thao Chan F Doctor/Nurse Praov 11 Hout Sophuan F Farmer Praov 12 Toun Run M Farmer Praov 13 Haen Samnang M Construction worker Praov 14 Varm Thong M Farmer Praov 15 Dorm Srey Khum F Housewife Praov 16 Cham Sony F Seller Praov 17 Touch Srey Na F Seller Khmer 18 Tang Hout Leng M Construction worker Praov 19 Bong Pon F Housewife Praov 20 Pouv Leng Soeung F Seller Khmer 21 Raw Ry F Farmer Praov

VI. Detail Discussion on Current Living Condition

1 • All participants confirmed that, they were carrying an occupation which are different such as farming, seller, Discussion on current construction worker, Government staff…etc. household’s income, • All of the household’s income 100% were supporting to occupations, farming activities the household expenditures. as presently and ethnic • As observe, their living condition is in good condition, traditions, due to the fact that their residential is located within the • Probe about main source of Stung Treng municipality compound area, so that, they household’s income have an opportunity to look for any kind of jobs and business operation as well as selling product/things in the market as well. 2 If compare to the previously 2 • Some of participants said that their household income is or 3 year, is your household worse due to the COVID-19 pandemic they weren’t able income worse or better? to do the business/selling as usual. Urban Water Supply Project (UWSP) Loan: 3232

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• Some said that their household’s income is normal (not worse or better) due to the fact is their household’s income is depending on farming and getting monthly wages. 3 Discussion on households and • In general, all participants said that there is no any community health related sickness/disease that caused by using water. Based on status. the fact that they have been using this water a long time • Probe about ago until the present. sickness/diseases that • All participants confirmed that currently they are using caused by water water deep well for daily life. The water source has been consumption? insufficient during the dry season and the water quality is not so good, sometimes the watercolor become slight red and there were rustle and mercury inside the water well. So, people need to pump the water from the water well to store in to the water pools or jar for a while before using and most of them are drinking boiled water. 4 Accessing to health services • Most of participants said, currently, Provincial referral and or traditional treatment hospital and private service provider are providing the and religion. services as better, but most people preferred to seek on • Probe about challenges if private service, because it is convenience to them. any ? 5 Getting education in public • All participants confirmed that, their children are studying school. at public school which there is no separation between • Probe about their children boys or girls. educated for both gender • Some of them said their children are studying at high (boys and girls) school and some are studying at university which depends on their household condition. • Some of them are studying international languages at private school and some are studies at Non-Government Organization (NGO) as well. 6 Power/electricity sources for • Most of them said that, they are using firewood and cooking and lighting minimal household are using gas for cooking. They used • Probe about the costs the gas for cooking for occasional only. • They all confirmed that they are already connected to the electricity of state and the costs is depending on the volume of usage ranging from 650 riels to 2000 riels about US$ 0.16 to 0.50 per Kwh 7 Discussion on current water • They said that, the deep water well is the main water resources and availability source, they are using well water for drinking and (separated washing, bathing and others. Some households have for drinking water and domestic their own water well and some can share the water with household’s usage) their relatives too. • Probe about costs and • If the water source is not providing enough, they have to challenges buy the water to use for the period of time. • The water well will be insufficient during the period from April to June in each year (dry season) sometimes water well’s owner should look for the private service to rehabilitate the water well to be deeper which allows the water out for the continuous of usage. 8 Are there any other • They all confirmed that, there is no any other organization/institutions that are organization or institution that are working on this except working on water supply and water supply authority of stung treng, but the service is sanitation in this area? limited not cover to this area up to date. 9 Hygiene related, using of toilets • They all confirmed that, each household have their own and bathroom toilets and bathrooms. They built it by themselves and

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• Other challenges ? they confirmed that there is no any challenge on using toilet or bathroom. 10 Are there any cultural concerns • All participants confirmed that, there is no any cultural or any spiritual or restrictions concerns or restrictions that related to the water that related to the water resources or using of water. resources? If yes, please describe in detail.

VII. Assessment on IP Impact 11 • Were you aware of the • About 50% of participants were aware of the project. Urban Water Supply • The participants providing an opinion as below: Project? Ø Positive Impact: People will get access to clean water • When the project starts to supply soon and they have expected that their living style implement, what do you perhaps can change into good condition by reducing the think are the positive and risks of using low quality water and getting clean water negative impacts? supply to 24hours on 24hours explaining from pipeline Ø Negative Impact: They are all concerning about the installation activity, during connection fees, if the connection fees is too high, they the pipe connection, and probably cannot afford to pay for it. using clean water supply. Ø Solution: All participants suggested to all relevant • What are the solutions to agencies consider and subsidize for free of charge of the the negatives? Please water connection fees to all IP residents. describe in detail.

12 Are there any different concerns • All participants said that, there is no any different issues between men and women or or concerns for this project because in fact they all youngsters and elderly? What needed the clean water for daily use as well. are they? What are the solutions for these concerns? 13 • Describe about the clean • All participants confirmed, they understood well about water supply connection the process of water pipeline installation activities. plans and its process to • All participants thought that the water connection fees each of focus group were too high and for the cost of using water was discussion. acceptable. • Telling them about the price • They provided their feedbacks / opinions of the program of the connection fees and to support the poor households was good and it will help the price of water usage. those poor households and IP households to get access • Telling them about the to the clean water for using the same as others in this program to support the poor area, but the price was too high perhaps a lot of households and it also households cannot afford to pay for it. applied for IP household as • All participants confirmed, they understood well about confirmed by PIU team. the submission of application form and other related • Describe about the documents to be prepared. submission of application • All participants requested to all relevant stakeholders form and deposit consider reducing the connection cost to 200.000 riels or procedure for connection about (US$ 50) per one connection, if the request was activities. accepted most of them are able to pay for it and also • Asking the participants, need a 12-months installment payment to reduce what are they conceiving of financial burden of their household. the above options? and will they afford to pay for the connection fees to access the clean water for daily use or not ?

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14 Is there any particular attention • As mentioned above they requested the connection fees that the project should focus on at about 200.000 riels or US$ 50. the ethnic minority? • They also requested to PWW to provide clean water connection to those households who are staying away from the main pipe or road because in fact there are currently a few households that their houses are far from another resident housings. • They also need the project team especially the construction workers to be aware of the IP household practicing their spiritual respect/cultural praying, they do not allow anyone else to travel or around their house within a period of one or two weeks. • They also suggested to PWW to install the pipe and relevant equipment outside of the IP residential fence, it is easy to count or check while the IP resident housing owner was not available or to go outside...etc. • In the case of any mistakes that happened caused by construction workers the project and contractor should be resolve as friendly and closely. 15 Do ethnic minority allow the • All participants allowed and support to the project. They project to implement of pipeline all raised their hands up. laying in this area? Do IP people and ethnic minority support to the project ? If yes, let all participants raise their hands up. 16 Discussion on the Grievance • All participants understood well about the process and Redress Mechanism and the focal person who was assigned to handle for this project. focal person who was assigned They preferred to seek the village chief to assist them on to handle the complaints for this registration the complaint or any suggestions/concerns project with full names and ….etc. contact numbers and its process.

VIII. Opinion and Recommendation 17 Ø All participants said that for each IP resident housing if any household are practicing their spiritual respect or cultural praying within a period time of one or two weeks, the warning signs were also put in front of their house to show or inform to other people. Furthermore, there are some specific varieties of fruits, vegetables , trees, fishes and wild animal which are not allowed to bring into their house or community as it is normally caused harms to their family members.

Ø Those specific varieties of vegetables/ trees and wild animal like as Pumpkin, Bamboo, Eggplant, Eel, Tigerfish, Sambar deer, Chevrotain…etc.

Ø Notice 1: In case of any person whoever make mistake (intentional or unintentional) with the above mentioned, they should discuss and find out for solution with IP household by using their existing IP minority procedure or they can negotiate for some kind of things that are not available for finding or out of their ability to purchase or it is limited of their budget...etc.

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Ø Notice 2: based on the information provides by IP elderly and from IP participants, they are usually practicing of their existing cultural praying to apologizing to the ancestor worship as following: 6. Providing a single or a pair of buffaloes for worship, 7. Providing a single or pair of pigs for worship, 8. Providing a pair or more of chickens for worship, 9. Providing alcohol (SRA SOR) for worship, 10. All of the above 1- 4 they can discuss or negotiate between IP households and the person who made mistake.

Ø Notice 3: All participants said that, usually they are very careful to travel to other households even those who are on the same IP group, they should ask permission or getting an agreement from the host prior entering into the house.

Pictures of participants during the FGD

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RESULT FROM FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION

Urban Water Supply Project (UWSP) Loan: 3232

• Date: 8 June 2021 • Duration: 1h 30mn Time start: 15:30pm Time end: 17:00pm • Venue: Villager’s house • Type of Group: Female Group (Khmer Laos) • Village: Ba Daeum, Commune: Sam Kuoy, District: Sesan, Province: Stung Treng

IX. Participant Information

No Name Gender Occupation Ethnicity Male Female 1 Chan Neang F Seller Khmer Laos 2 Lort Thaly F Famer Khmer Laos 3 Orn Chantha Lorn F Worker Khmer Laos 4 Si thorng Ly F Famer Khmer Laos 5 Vann Chantha F Famer Khmer Laos 6 Mann Buoyann F Famer Khmer Laos 7 Kos Thorng Na F Seller Khmer Laos 8 Searn Kham Mai F Famer Khmer Laos 9 Ly Khatt F Famer Khmer Laos 10 Khe La F Famer Khmer Laos 11 Kim Kisei F Famer Khmer Laos 12 Por Vi F Famer Khmer Laos

X. Detail Discussion on Current Living Condition

1 Discussion on current • All participants confirmed that, they are carrying an household’s income, occupation which are different such as farming, occupations, farming activities construction worker, fisher…etc. as presently and ethnic • All of the household income is 100% support to traditions, household expenditures. • Are women the household • Information provided from all participants shows that income earners? about 25% - 30% of household’s income was supported percentage %? by female. 2 If compare to the previously 2 or • 50% of participants confirmed their household income 3 year, is your household was the same as before due to the fact they are still income is worse or better ? farming and fishing and get benefits from those as usual. • Are women more employed/ • 30% of participants confirmed that there are more job occupation than before ? opportunities for women in agricultural sector such as and pepper cultivation and so on. • About 20% of women are working in the construction sector.

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• Some of participants said that their household income is worse due to the COVID-19 pandemic, they weren’t able to do the work as usual. • Some said that their household income is normal (no worse or better) due to the fact that their household income is depending on farming and getting monthly wages. 3 Discussion on households and • All participants confirmed that currently, regarding the community health related health related of people who living within the community, status. it was good, there are public health services center and • Probe about private service provider are providing the services better sickness/diseases that such as, before, when people are giving childbirth. they caused by water followed the cultural practice by invited the midwifery to consumption? assist them at their homes, but recently, most of the • Probe about female related people preferred to seek the public health center or issues, Gynecology, private service provider, because it is convenience to Reproductive health and so them. on, • In general, all participants said that there is no sickness/disease that caused by using water. As to the fact that they have been using the water well for daily life a long time ago until the present. 4 Accessing to health services • All participants confirmed that they all preferred to seek and or traditional treatment and the public service health center or private service religion. provider when they get sick. • Probe about challenges if • They also said that some people are still using the any ? traditional medicine and spiritual respect practice while • Separate traditions and they got mild diseases. In addition, there is no separation religious treatment on between men and women on the traditional and religion women if any ? related. 5 Getting education in public • All participants confirmed that their children are studied school. at public school which there is no separation between • Probe about their children boys and girls. educated for both gender • Some of them said their children are studying at high (boy and girl) school and some are studying at the university which • Did the daughter attend the depends on their household condition. school the same as the • They also said that, their children at least finished son ? why ? studied at the secondary school, so that they all able to read and write well. 6 Power/electricity sources for • About 50% are using the firewood and charcoal for cooking and lighting cooking and 50% are using the gas and electric cooker. • Probe about the costs • They are all already confirmed to have connected to the • Who are using the firewood electricity of state and the costs is depending on the cutting? what does women volume of usage ranging from 480 riels to 610 riels, participate in? about US$ 0.12 to 0.16 per one kilowatt hour. 7 Discussion on current water • They said that for farming (rice field) is relying on resources and availability rainwater. They all farm one time a year, for short-term (separated crop plantation, they are using the pond water and water • for drinking water and pump from Sesan river. domestic household’s • They said that the deep water well is the main water usage) source, they are using the well water for drinking and • Probe about costs and washing, bathing and more . Some households have challenges their own water well and some can share the water with relatives too. • If the water well is not providing enough, they have to pump the water from Sesan river to use as well.

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8 Are there any other • They all confirmed that there is an NGO that had organization/institutions that are provided the water well to the people in the community working on water supply and since 2010, but recently, most of the water well were not sanitation in this area? available any more due to the fact that the water quality • Are there any activities that was not good and some of the waters well were broken. focus on women? 9 Hygiene related, using of toilets • They all confirmed that each household have their own and bathroom toilet and bathroom. They built it by themselves and they • Other challenges ? confirmed that there is no challenge on using toilet or • Can women afford a proper bathroom. bathroom ? Yes or No ? what is the reason ? 10 Are there any cultural concerns • All participants confirmed that there is no any cultural or any spiritual or restrictions concern or restriction that related to the water resource that related to the water or using of water and there is no separation for women resources? If yes, please and men. describe in detail. • Are there any separate for women ?

XI. Assessment on IP Impact 11 • Did you aware of the Urban • About 30% of participants are aware of the project. Water Supply Project ? • The participants provided an opinion as below: • When the project starts to be Ø Positive Impact: People will get access to clean water implemented, what do you supply soon and they expected that their living style, think are the positive and perhaps could change into good condition by reducing negative impact ? explaining the risk of using low-quality water and getting clean water from pipeline installation supply to 24hours on 24hours. activity, during the pipe Ø Negative Impact: They are all concerning about the connection, and using clean connection fees, if the connection fees is too high, they water supply. probably cannot afford to pay for it. • What are the solutions to the Ø Solution: All participants suggested to all relevant negatives? Please describe agencies to consider and subsidize for free of charge of in detail. the water connection fees or should be separate to 12 months of the connection fees payment to all IP Khmer Laos residents, by doing that way, perhaps, most of people could afford to pay and get access to the clean water supply. 12 Are there any different concerns • All participants said that there is no different issues or between men and women or concerns for this project because in fact they all needed youngsters and elderly? What the clean water for daily usage as well. are they? What are the solutions for these concerns? 13 • Describe about the clean • All participants confirmed that they understood well water connection plans to about the process of water pipeline installation activities. each of focus group • All participants thought that the water connection fees discussion. were too high and for the cost of using water was • Telling them about the price acceptable. of the connection fees and • They provided their feedbacks/opinions to the program the price of water usage. to support the poor households was good and it will help • Telling them about the those poor household and IP households to get access program to support the poor to the clean water the same as others in this area, but household and it also the connection fees were too high, a lot of households applied for IP household as might not be able to pay for it. confirmed by PIU team. Urban Water Supply Project (UWSP) Loan: 3232

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• Describe about the • All participants confirmed they understood well about the submission of application submission of application form and other related form and deposit procedure documents to be prepared. for connection activities. • All participants requested to all relevant stakeholders to • Asking the participants, consider reducing the connection cost to 200.000 riels or what are they conceiving of about (US$ 50) per one connection, if the request has the above options? and will been accepted, most of them are able to pay for it and they afford to pay for the also need a 12-months installment payment to reduce connection fees to access financial burden of their households. the clean water for daily use • As observed, there are about 30% of participants who or not ? will afford to pay for the water connection fees. Information provided from village chief showed that the people in this village are normally waiting and seeing the results from those households who have connected and used the clean water supply. If they think that the clean water supply is good and easy for them, they will decide to connect as well. 14 Is there any particular attention • As mentioned from above, they requested for the that projects should be pay to connection fees to reduce at about 200.000 riels or the ethnic minority? Especially, US$ 50 and need a 12 months installment payment as the women and girl ? well. • They also requested for the PWW to provide clean water connection to those households who are living far away from the main pipe or road because there are a few households whose houses are far from the resident housing. • 15 Do ethnic minority allow the • All participants confirmed to allow and support to the project to implementing of project. They all raised their hands up. pipeline laying in this area ? Do IP people and ethnic minority support to the project ? If yes, let all participants raise their hand up. 16 Discussion on the Grievance • All participants understood well about the process and Redress Mechanism and the focal person who was assigned to handle for this project. focal person who was assigned They are all preferred to seek the village chief to assist to handle the complaint for this them on registration the complaint or any suggestion/ project with full name and concerns ….etc. contact number and its process.

XII. Opinion and Recommendation 17 Ø All participants confirmed that there is no any restriction that related to their spiritual respect or cultural praying due to the fact that the Khmer Laos people in the village are normally practicing the same traditions as Khmer people. They are also celebrating Bchum Benh Day and Khmer new year ceremony the same as Khmer people.

Ø They also confirmed that there is no specific varieties of vegetable/tree/ or wild animal that are concerning or not allowed to bring into their village.

Ø Notice 1: information provided from participants and village chief show that their traditional restriction is to not allow to bring the dead body across their village/community as it caused harms to their community, however, they will agree or allow for crossing if the cultural

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praying practice is completed (the cultural praying of the request for bringing the dead body across the village/ community such as: 1. Providing a single or pair of pigs for worship, 2. Providing a pair or more of chickens for worship, 3. Providing alcohol (SRA SOR) for worship,

Ø Notice 2: information provided from participants and village chief showed that their traditional restriction is not to allow the women from outside the village giving childbirth inside the village even if she is their relative, it caused harms to the household and community. Furthermore , they should follow the cultural praying of the request for coming in or crossing in advance. For the cultural praying, they should follow the same as the notice 1 by guidance from elderly people and village chief.

Ø Notice 3: information provided from all participants showed that the khmer laos people in this village/ community are regularly practicing their traditional ceremony 2 times per year in which they called (Bon Leung Neak Ta) in February and May every year. For these traditional praying, all the people in the village attended and praying for worship. Moreover, these two traditional ceremonies are not restricted for travelling or a crossing the village, so that all the people are able to travel or come in /out as normal.

Pictures of participants during the FGD

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RESULT FROM FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION

Urban Water Supply Project (UWSP) Loan: 3232

• Date: 13 Feb 2021 • Duration: 1h 00mn Time start: 10:00pm Time end: 11:00pm • Venue: Villager’s house • Type of Group: Female Group (IP Praov) • Village: Rechea Nukol, Commune: Stueng Treng District: Stueng Treng Province: Stung Treng

XIII. Participant Information

No Name Gender Occupation Ethnicity Male Female 1 Borng Hey F Farmer Praov 2 Rao Ni F Farmer Praov 3 Pong Pon F Housewife Praov 4 Kham Sothy F Seller Praov 5 Ai Sa Vai F Housewife Praov 6 Sorn Channy F Housewife Khmer 7 Siem Noy F Housewife Praov 8 Mai Phearom F Housewife Praov 9 Hun Lyda F Housewife Khmer

XIV. Detail Discussion on Current Living Condition

1 Discussion on current • All participants confirmed that, they were carrying an household’s income, occupation which are different such as farming, seller, occupations, farming activities construction worker, Government staff…etc. as presently and ethnic • All of the household’s income 100% were supporting to traditions, the household expenditures. • Are women the household • As observe, their living condition is in good condition, income earners? due to the fact that their residential is located within the percentage %? Stung Treng municipality compound area, so that, they have an opportunity to look for any kind of jobs and business operation as well as selling product/things in the market as well. • Information provided from all participants shows that about 20% - 30% of household’s income was supported by female. 2 If compare to the previously 2 or • Some of participants said that their household income is 3 year, is your household worse due to the COVID-19 pandemic they weren’t able income is worse or better ? to do the business/selling as usual, it was about 50%. • Are women more employed/ • Some said that their household’s income is normal (not occupation than before ? worse or better) due to the fact is their household’s income is depending on farming and getting monthly wages, it was about 50%.

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• They all confirmed that, if the Covid 19 pandemic was down and everything back to normal as before 2020, then the women will more easily get more job opportunity or employed in the construction work, as well as selling product/things in the market as well. 3 Discussion on households and • All participants confirmed that currently, regarding the community health related status. health related of people who living within the community, • Probe about it was good, there are provincial referral hospital, public sickness/diseases that health services center and private service provider are caused by water providing the services better most of the people consumption? preferred to seek the public health center or private • Probe about female related service provider, because it is convenience to them. issues, Gynecology, • In general, all participants said that there is no Reproductive health and so sickness/disease that caused by using water. As to the on, fact that they have been using the water well for daily life a long time ago until the present. 4 Accessing to health services • All participants confirmed that they all preferred to seek and or traditional treatment the public service health center or private service and religion. provider when they get sick. • Probe about challenges if • They also said that some people are still using the any ? traditional medicine and spiritual respect practice while • Separate traditions and they got mild diseases. In addition, there is no separation religious treatment on between men and women on the traditional and religion women if any ? related. 5 Getting education in public • All participants confirmed that, their children are studying school. at public school which there is no separation between • Probe about their children boys or girls. educated for both gender • Some of them said their children are studying at high (boy and girl) school and some are studying at university which • Did the daughter attend the depends on their household condition. school the same as the • Some of them are studying international languages at son ? why ? private school and some are studies at Non-Government Organization (NGO) as well. 6 Power/electricity sources for • Most of them said that they are using firewood and cooking and lighting minimal household are using gas for cooking. They used • Probe about the costs the gas for cooking for occasional only. They also added • Who are using the firewood that, for firewood it is very easier for them to collected cutting? what does women due to the fact is there are many kind of wild firewood participate in? around their village and farm. • They all confirmed that they are already connected to the electricity of state and the costs is depending on the volume of usage ranging from 650 riels to 2000 riels about US$ 0.16 to 0.50 per Kwh. 7 Discussion on current water • They said that the deep water well is the main water resources and availability source, they are using well water for drinking and (separated washing, bathing and others. Some households have for drinking water and domestic their own water well and some can share the water with household’s usage) their relatives too. • Probe about costs and • If the water source is not providing enough, they have to challenges buy the water to use for the period of time. • The water well will be insufficient during the period from April to June in each year (dry season) sometimes water well’s owner should look for the private service to rehabilitate the water well to be deeper which allows the water out for the continuous of usage.

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8 Are there any other • They all confirmed that, there is no any other organization/institutions that are organization or institution that are working on this except working on water supply and water supply authority of Stung Treng, but the service is sanitation in this area? limited not cover to this area up to date. • Are there any activities that • All of them said that, there is no specific activity that focus on women? focus on women, except that if they just after giving childbirth’s that women will not allow to take/bring the thing with heavy weight as well as bring the water from the water well and so on. 9 Hygiene related, using of toilets • They all confirmed that each household have their own and bathroom toilet and bathroom. They built it by themselves and they • Other challenges ? confirmed that there is no challenge on using toilet or • Can women afford a proper bathroom. bathroom ? Yes or No ? • They also confirmed that, most of women was able to what is the reason ? have a proper bathroom, some they build by themselves and some are seeking the service provider to build for them. 10 Are there any cultural concerns • All participants confirmed that there is no any cultural or any spiritual or restrictions concern or restriction that related to the water resource that related to the water or using of water and there is no separation for women resources? If yes, please and men. describe in detail. • Are there any separate for women ?

XV. Assessment on IP Impact 11 • Did you aware of the Urban • About 50% of participants were aware of the project. Water Supply Project ? • The participants providing an opinion as below: • When the project starts to be Ø Positive Impact: People will get access to clean water implemented, what do you supply soon and they have expected that their living style think are the positive and perhaps can change into good condition by reducing the negative impact ? explaining risks of using low quality water and getting clean water from pipeline installation supply to 24hours. activity, during the pipe Ø Negative Impact: They are all concerning about the connection, and using clean connection fees, if the connection fees is too high, they water supply. probably cannot afford to pay for it. • What are the solutions to the Ø Solution: All participants suggested to all relevant negatives? Please describe agencies consider and subsidize for free of charge of the in detail. water connection fees to all IP residents.

12 Are there any different concerns • All participants said that there is no different issues or between men and women or concerns for this project because in fact they all needed youngsters and elderly? What the clean water supply for daily use as well. are they? What are the solutions for these concerns? 13 • Describe about the clean • All participants confirmed that they understood well water connection plans to about the process of water pipeline installation activities. each of focus group • All participants thought that the water connection fees discussion. were too high and for the cost of using water was • Telling them about the price acceptable. of the connection fees and • They provided their feedbacks / opinions of the program the price of water usage. to support the poor households was good and it will help • Telling them about the those poor households and IP households to get access program to support the poor to the clean water for using the same as others in this household and it also Urban Water Supply Project (UWSP) Loan: 3232

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applied for IP household as area, but the price was too high perhaps a lot of confirmed by PIU team. households cannot afford to pay for it. • Describe about the • All participants confirmed, they understood well about submission of application the submission of application form and other related form and deposit procedure documents to be prepared. for connection activities. • All participants requested to all relevant stakeholders • Asking the participants, consider reducing the connection cost to 200.000 riels or what are they conceiving of about (US$ 50) per one connection, if the request was the above options? and will accepted most of them are able to pay for it and also they afford to pay for the need a 12-months installment payment to reduce connection fees to access financial burden of their household. the clean water for daily use or not ? 14 Is there any particular attention • As mentioned above they requested the connection fees that projects should be pay to at about 200.000 riels or US$ 50. the ethnic minority? Especially, • They also requested to PWW to provide clean water the women and girl ? connection to those households who are staying away from the main pipe or road because in fact there are currently a few households that their houses are far from another resident housings. • They also need the project team especially the construction workers to be aware of the IP household practicing their spiritual respect/cultural praying, they do not allow anyone else to travel or around their house within a period of one or two weeks. • They also suggested to PWW to install the pipe and relevant equipment outside of the IP residential fence, it is easy to count or check while the IP resident housing owner was not available or to go outside...etc. • In the case of any mistakes that happened caused by construction workers the project and contractor should be resolve as friendly and closely. 15 Do ethnic minority allow the • All participants confirmed to allow and support to the project to implementing of project. They all raised their hands up. pipeline laying in this area ? Do IP people and ethnic minority support to the project ? If yes, let all participants raise their hand up. 16 Discussion on the Grievance • All participants understood well about the process and Redress Mechanism and the focal person who was assigned to handle for this project. focal person who was assigned They are all preferred to seek the IP elderly or village to handle the complaint for this chief to assist them on registration the complaint or any project with full name and suggestion/ concerns ….etc. contact number and its process.

XVI. Opinion and Recommendation 17 Ø All participants said that for each IP resident housing if any household are practicing their spiritual respect or cultural praying within a period time of one or two weeks, the warning signs were also put in front of their house to show or inform to other people. Furthermore, there are some specific varieties of fruits, vegetables, trees, fishes and wild animal which are not allowed to bring into their house or community as it is normally caused harms to their family members.

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Ø Those specific varieties of vegetables/ trees and wild animal like as Pumpkin, Bamboo, Eggplant, Eel, Tigerfish, Sambar deer, Chevrotain…etc.

Ø Notice 1: In case of any person whoever make mistake (intentional or unintentional) with the above mentioned, they should discuss and find out for solution with IP household by using their existing IP minority procedure or they can negotiate for some kind of things that are not available for finding or out of their ability to purchase or it is limited of their budget...etc.

Ø Notice 2: based on the information provides by IP elderly and from IP participants, they are usually practicing of their existing cultural praying to apologizing to the ancestor worship as following: 11. Providing a single or a pair of buffaloes for worship, 12. Providing a single or pair of pigs for worship, 13. Providing a pair or more of chickens for worship, 14. Providing alcohol (SRA SOR) for worship, 15. All of the above 1- 4 they can discuss or negotiate between IP households and the person who made mistake.

Ø Notice 3: All participants said that, usually they are very careful to travel to other households even those who are on the same IP group, they should ask permission or getting an agreement from the host prior entering into the house

Pictures of participants during the FGD

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RESULT FROM FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION

Urban Water Supply Project (UWSP) Loan: 3232

• Date: 13 Feb 2021 • Duration: 1h 30mn Time start: 14:30pm Time end: 16:00pm • Venue: Villager’s house • Type of Group: Female Group (IP Kroeung) • Village: Rechea Nukol (CHAMKA MAISAK), Commune: Stueng Treng District: Stueng Treng Province: Stung Treng

I. Participant Information

No Name Gender Occupation Ethnicity Male Female 1 Chhen Tang Sarom F Farmer Kroeung 2 Moeun Kaeng F Srocery stall Khmer 3 Taeng Rai F Farmer Kroeung 4 Zhun Chan Ty F Students Kroeung 5 Taeng Tok F Housewife Kroeung 6 Chey Bunmao F Farmer Kroeung 7 Bun Hengsophorn F Farmer Khmer 8 Ngorng Phalla F Farmer Kroeung 9 Yeung Houch F Farmer Kroeung

II. Detail Discussion on Current Living Condition

1 Discussion on current household’s • All participants confirmed that, they are carrying income, occupations, farming activities an occupation which are different such as as presently and ethnic traditions, farming, grocery selling at home, • All of the household incomes are 100% support to • Are women the household income household expenditures. earners? percentage %? • Information provided from all participants shows that about 15% - 20% of household’s income was supported by female. 2 If compare to the previously 2 or 3 • 80% of participants confirmed their household year, is your household income is income was the same as before due to the fact worse or better ? they are still farming as usual and some of them said that their husband working at government • Are women more employed/ staff and getting monthly wage for support occupation than before ? household expenditure as well. • About 20% of participants are confirm that their Household income become worse due to the Covid 19 caused them to lose their job and market business operation. • Some said that their household income is normal (no worse or better) due to the fact that their

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household income is depending on farming and getting monthly wages.

3 Discussion on households and • All participants confirmed that currently, regarding community health related status. the health related of people who living within the community, it was good, there are public health • Probe about sickness/diseases that services center and private service provider are caused by water consumption? providing the services better most of the people • Probe about female related issues, preferred to seek the public health center or private service provider, because it is Gynecology, Reproductive health convenience to them. and so on, • In general, all participants said that there is no sickness/disease that caused by using water. As to the fact that they have been using the water well for daily life a long time ago until the present.

4 Accessing to health services and or • All participants confirmed that they all preferred to traditional treatment seek the public service health center or private and religion. service provider when they get sick. • They also said that some people are still using the • Probe about challenges if any ? traditional medicine and spiritual respect practice • Separate traditions and religious while they got mild diseases. In addition, there is treatment on women if any ? no separation between men and women on the traditional and religion related.

5 Getting education in public school. • All participants confirmed that their children are studied at public school which there is no • Probe about their children separation between boys and girls. educated for both gender (boy and • Some of them said their children are studying at girl) high school and some are studying at the • Did the daughter attend the school university which depends on their household the same as the son ? why ? condition. • They also said that, their children at least finished studied at the secondary school, so that they all able to read and write in Khmer language well.

6 Power/electricity sources for cooking • About 90% are using the firewood and charcoal and lighting for cooking and 10% are using the gas for cooking accessional only. • Probe about the costs • They all are using SOLA PANEL and Battery for • Who are using the firewood lighting, because of there is electricity access to cutting? what does women their location yet (CHAMKA MAISAK) participate in? 7 Discussion on current water resources • They said that for farming (cashew field) it is not and availability (separated need too much water, it means that cashew farm for drinking water and domestic doesn’t need regularly watering or store the water household’s usage) for it. Most of them are have their owned short- term crop plantation within their home gardening • Probe about costs and challenges for support their household consumption, they are using the pond water and water pump from water deep well. • They said that the deep water well is the main water source, they are using the well water for drinking and washing, bathing and more . Some

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households have their own water well and some can share the water with relatives too. • If the water well is not providing enough, they have to bought water from other place for a short of period, but normally the water well is providing adequate of water source for usage.

8 Are there any other • They all confirmed that, the well water provided organization/institutions that are sufficient water source for daily life and to cover working on water supply and sanitation their short-term plantation crop as well. There is in this area? no any other organization or institution who are working on this except water supply authority of • Are there any activities that focus on stung treng, but the service is limited and did not women? cover this area up to date. • All of them confirmed that, there is no any challenge or issue regarding the use of well water up to date.

9 Hygiene related, using of toilets and • They all confirmed that each household have their bathroom own toilet and bathroom. They built it by themselves and they confirmed that there is no • Other challenges ? challenge on using toilet or bathroom. • Can women afford a proper • Information provided from all participants shows bathroom ? Yes or No ? what is the that previously, there was an NGO’s that has been reason ? consulted with the IP residents regarding on the provided the support of the toilet to IP people within the area but it was not accepted by IP people due to the service support, It needed to paid some money to them so that all IP people are not accepting it and they make the toilet by themselves.

10 Are there any cultural concerns or any • All participants confirmed that there is no any spiritual or restrictions that related to cultural concern or restriction that related to the the water resources? If yes, please water resource or using of water and there is no describe in detail. separation for women and men.

• Are there any separate for women ?

III. Assessment on IP Impact

11 • Did you aware of the Urban Water • Not all of participants were aware of the project. Supply Project ? • The participants provided an opinion as below: • When the project starts to be implemented, what do you think are Ø Positive Impact They all confirmed that there is the positive and negative impact ? no concern on regarding the water pipe installation explaining from pipeline installation activities due to the work will take within one day activity, during the pipe connection, from digging until back filling as well as the and using clean water supply. location of water pipe is in the ROW/Road • What are the solutions to the shoulder. The people will access to clean water negatives? Please describe in detail. supply soon and they expected that their living style perhaps change into good condition by Urban Water Supply Project (UWSP) Loan: 3232

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reducing the risk of using low quality water and getting clean water supply to 24hours on 24hours. Ø Negative Impact: They are concerning about the connection fees, the connection fees is too high, they probably cannot afford to pay for it, as well as, recently, they are having the existing water well for daily life, moreover, the water quality was also good. Some of them said that, their houses are located in the (CHAMKAR MAISAK) which distanced from the main road about 3km and currently there is no properly access road connect to that place, most of them are using the existing water well for daily life, the water quality was also good. Ø Solution: They all said that the clean water supply is very helpful and necessary for the daily life, moreover, all of them understood that their location is distanced from the clean water main pipe approximately 5-6 Km as show in mapping, then, most of them are probably cannot afford to pay for the connection fees as well. As observed, most of IP Kroeung people in this location may not afford to pay for the water connection fees, furthermore, they already have the existing water well for daily life.

12 Are there any different concerns • All participants said that there is no different between men and women or youngsters issues or concerns for this project. and elderly? What are they? What are the solutions for these concerns? 13 • Describe about the clean water • All participants confirmed that they understood connection plans to each of focus group well about the process of water pipeline discussion. installation activities. • All participants thought that the water connection • Telling them about the price of the fees were too high and for the cost of using water connection fees and the price of was acceptable. water usage. • They all confirmed that they are having the • Telling them about the program to existing water well for daily use, so that in fact the support the poor household and it clean water supply was not too necessary for also applied for IP household as them. confirmed by PIU team. • They provided their feedbacks/opinions to the • Describe about the submission of program to support the poor households was good application form and deposit and it will help those poor household and IP procedure for connection activities. households to get access to the clean water the • Asking the participants, what are same as others in this area, but the connection they conceiving of the above fees were too high, a lot of households might not options? and will they afford to pay be able to pay for it. for the connection fees to access the • All participants confirmed they understood well clean water for daily use or not ? about the submission of application form and other related documents to be prepared. • About 90% of participants confirmed that they will not connect/access to the clean water supply and 10% are not providing any idea, due to the fact is that all of them have an existing water well for daily

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use as well as they actually did not want to increase the household’s expenditure as well.

14 Is there any particular attention that • As mentioned above, they all have the existing projects should be pay to the ethnic water well for daily life and for farming. minority? Especially, the women and girl • The IP people who are living in the (CHAMKA ? MAISAK) location would like to request for the electricity connection and access road, due to the fact is there is no access road and electricity connect to that place yet. • They also need the project team especially the construction workers to be aware of the IP household practicing their spiritual respect/cultural praying, they do not allow anyone else to travel or around their house with a time period of one or two weeks.

15 Do ethnic minority allow the project to • All participants confirmed to allow and support to implementing of pipeline laying in this the project. They all raised their hands up. area ? Do IP people and ethnic minority support to the project ? If yes, let all participants raise their hand up.

16 Discussion on the Grievance Redress • All participants understood well about the process Mechanism and the focal person who and focal person who was assigned to handle for was assigned to handle the complaint for this project. They are all preferred to seek the IP this project with full name and contact elderly or village chief to assist them on number and its process. registration the complaint or any suggestion/ concerns ....etc.

IV. Opinion and Recommendation

17 • All participants said that for each IP resident housing if any household are practicing their spiritual respect or cultural praying within a period time of one or two weeks, the warning sign will be also put in front of their house to show or inform to the other people. Furthermore, there are some specific varieties of fruits, vegetables , trees, fishes and wild animal which are not allowed to bring into their house or community as it is normally caused harms to their family members.

Ø Those specific varieties of vegetables/ trees and wild animal like as Pumpkin, Bamboo, Eggplant, Eel, Tigerfish, Sambar deer, Turtle, Chevrotain...etc. Ø Notice 1: In case of any person whoever make mistake (intentional or unintentional) with the above mentioned, they should discuss and find out for solution with IP households by using their existing IP minority procedure or they can negotiate for some kind of things that are not available for finding or out of their ability to purchase or it is limited of budget...etc.

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Ø Notice 2: based on information provides by IP elderly and from IP participants, they usually practiced their existing cultural praying to apologize to the ancestor worship as following:

1. Providing a single or a pair of buffaloes for worship, 2. Providing a single or pair of pigs for worship, 3. Providing a pair or more of chickens for worship, 4. Providing alcohol (SRA SOR) for worship, 5. All of the above 1- 4 they can discuss or negotiate between IP household and the person who made mistake.

Ø Notice 3: All participants said that, usually, they are very careful to travel to other household, even though they are the same IP group, they should ask permission or getting an agreement from the host prior entering into the house. Ø Notice 4: if the IP households are practicing their spiritual respect or cultural praying, they will not allow anyone else to travel into or around their house, and with the time period of one or two weeks. The warning sign will also put in front of their house to show or inform to the other people. Furthermore, there are some specific varieties of vegetables, trees, fishes, and wild animals which are not allowed to bring into their house or community as it is normally causes harms to their family members.

Pictures of participants during the FGD

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RESULT FROM FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION

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• Date: 9 June 2021 • Duration: 1h 30mn Time start: 15:30pm Time end: 17:00pm • Venue: Villager’s house • Type of Group: Female Group (Khmer Laos) • Village: Ban Mai, Commune: Kampond , District: Sesan, Province: Stung Treng

XVII. Participant Information

No Name Gender Occupation Ethnicity Male Female 1 Bos Sunthana F Council of District Khmer Laos 2 Chan Srey minh F Member of Village Chief Khmer Laos 3 Kha Mom F Worker Khmer Laos 4 Seum Mon F Food seller Khmer Laos 5 Vann Oun F Housewife Khmer Laos 6 Hot Nhat F Fisher Khmer Laos 7 Noy Sreyleak F Worker Khmer Laos 8 Vantha Nasi F Food Seller Khmer Laos 9 Pol Chet M Seller Khmer Laos 10 Hoeun Neang F Famer Khmer Laos 11 Khorn Chan F Seller Khmer Laos

XVIII. Detail Discussion on Current Living Condition

1 Discussion on current • They are carrying an occupation which are different such household’s income, as farming, construction worker, fisher, food seller…etc. occupations, farming activities • They all confirmed that, they do rice plantation once a as presently and ethnic year in rainy season, then for dry season they could not traditions, do the rice plantation because the water source is not available in this area. The Sekong river was distanced too far from their paddy field land, so most of the farmers are seeking for another occupation such as agriculture works, construction works, for the period of dry season covering 6-7 months from December to July. • All of the household incomes are 100% support to household expenditures. 2 If compare to the previously 2 • Two of the participants confirmed their household or 3 year, is your household incomes was the same as before due to the fact they are income is worse or better ? still farming and fishing and get benefits from those as usual. • Four of the participants who are food sellers said that their household income is worse due to COVID-19, they could not sell the food the same as before, very low profits, most of the people are restricted on household’s expenditure. • Two of them who are working in the construction and agricultural sector also said their household incomes are

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worse due to the COVID-19 pandemic, they weren’t able to do the work as usual. • All of them expected that whenever the COVID-19 is controlled or resolved, all of them are able to work as usual, their household incomes will be better than before. 3 Discussion on households and • They all confirmed that there is public health center community health related nearby and private service provider, both services are status. good. In addition, people in this area/village have • Probe about participated in the health-related training program sickness/diseases that carried out by NGOs , so that they all know well on how caused by water to seek for the health service center. consumption? • The poor household in this community were also getting financial support from RGC especially, on health-related issue when they got sick, they just show the ID card to the public health center then they get free of charge. • In general, all participants said that there is no sickness/disease that caused by using water. 4 Accessing to health services • All participants confirmed that they all preferred to seek and or traditional treatment the public service health center or private service and religion. provider when they get sick. • Probe about challenges if • They also said that some people are still using the any ? traditional medicine and spiritual respect practice while they got mild diseases. In addition, there is no separation between men and women on the traditional and religion related. • People in this village are regularly practicing their traditional ceremonies twice a year in June and December, they called (BON PHUM). 5 Getting education in public • All of them said that, they sent their children to study at school. public school without separate boys or girls. • Probe about their children • There are existing public school such as kindergarten educated for both gender school, primary school, and high school are available in (boy and girl) this area. • They also said that there is scholarship program provided/support to the students to study at university as well. 6 Power/electricity sources for • All participants confirmed that they are all connected to cooking and lighting the electricity of state for lighting and the price ranging is • Probe about the costs from 480 Riels to 710 Riels per one kilowatt hour is depending on the volume of usage. In average, each household has spent about 30000 Riels or US$ 12.5 for household’s electricity expenditure per month. • About 80% are using the firewood and charcoal for cooking and 20% are using the gas and electric cooker. The firewood is available for them to find from the forest near the village. 7 Discussion on current water • They said since 2010 there is an NGO that provided resources and availability deep water well to people in this community but (separated currently, there are only two water wells that still have the for drinking water and domestic water source and it will be insufficient during the dry household’s usage) season from January and February. The people in this • Probe about costs and village need to buy the water from the private water truck challenges with a very high price of 1 jar (300 liters) equivalent to 5000 Riels or about US$ 1.25.

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• For farming (rice field), it relies on the rainwater. They all farm one time a year, • They said that the deep water well is the main water source, they are using the well’s water for drinking and washing, bathing and more. Some households have their own water well and some can share the water with relatives too. 8 Are there any other • There is community water service provider that operate organization/institutions that are at the Sesan District hall compound area, the water working on water supply and supply is limited, only people who are living nearby or sanitation in this area? surrounding that area are available to connect and access to the water supply, it was distanced from this village about 2 km length. • Out of this, they all confirmed that there is an NGO that had provided the water well to the people in the community since 2010, but recently, most of the water well were not available any more due to the fact that the water quality was not good and some of the water wells were broken. 9 Hygiene related, using of toilets • There are two participants confirmed that they are using and bathroom the toilet by sharing from their relatives. • Other challenges ? • The other confirmed that each household have their own toilet and bathroom. • They built it by themselves and they confirmed that there is no challenge on using the toilets or bathroom. 10 Are there any cultural concerns • All participants confirmed that there is no any cultural or any spiritual or restrictions concern or restriction that related to the water resource that related to the water or using of water. resources? If yes, please describe in detail.

XIX. Assessment on IP Impact 11 • Did you aware of the Urban • No one was aware about the UWSP project before. Water Supply Project ? However, they are all happy when they participated in • When the project starts to be the FGD with the project team. implemented, what do you • The participants provided an opinion as below: think are the positive and Ø Positive Impact: During the water pipe installation, it will negative impact ? explaining take one day from digging and back filling and to be able from pipeline installation to reinstate the same as the original condition, all activity, during the pipe participants said there is no any concern on these connection, and using clean activities due to the fact is they all expected to get access water supply. to clean water supply soon and they expected that their • What are the solutions to the household expenditure will decrease through the clean negatives? Please describe water supply, which is cheaper than the truck water and in detail. reduce the risk of using low-quality water and getting clean water supply to 24hours on 24hours. Ø Negative Impact: They all said that there is no negative impact are foreseen. Ø Solution: All participants suggested to the project team to expedite the work to supply the clean water as soon as possible. 12 Are there any different concerns • All participants said that there is no different issues or between men and women or concerns for this project because in fact they all needed youngsters and elderly? What the clean water for daily usage as well. Urban Water Supply Project (UWSP) Loan: 3232

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are they? What are the solutions for these concerns? 13 • Describe about the clean • All participants confirmed that they understood well water connection plans to about the process of water pipeline installation activities. each of focus group • All participants confirmed the water connection fees is discussion. acceptable to them due to the fact that currently, they all • Telling them about the price bought the water from the truck that is higher than this of the connection fees and and the water is low quality. the price of water usage. • They provided their feedbacks/opinions to the program • Telling them about the to support the poor households was good and it will help program to support the poor those poor households and IP households to get access household and it also to the clean water the same as others in this area, and applied for IP household as they still need the 12-Months of installment payment as confirmed by PIU team. well. • Describe about the • All participants confirmed they understood well about the submission of application submission of application form and other related form and deposit procedure documents to be prepared. for connection activities. • As observed, all people who are residing in this village • Asking the participants, will connect and get access to the clean water supply, what are they conceiving of due to the fact that they all happy and needed the clean the above options? and will water and expected the water will supply as soon as they afford to pay for the possible. connection fees to access the clean water for daily use or not ? 14 Is there any particular attention • As mentioned from above, they requested of the 12 that projects should be pay to months installment payment to support the household the ethnic minority? who is not able to afford to pay the whole amount in one time, as well as, if the subsidize poor households is available, they would also request to provide the support to the poor households to get access to the clean water as well. • They also requested for the PWW to provide clean water connection to those households who are living far away from the main pipe or road because there are a few households whose houses are far from the resident housing. 15 Do ethnic minority allow the • All participants confirmed to allow and support to the project to implementing of project. They all raised their hands up. pipeline laying in this area ? Do IP people and ethnic minority support to the project ? If yes, let all participants raise their hand up. 16 Discussion on the Grievance • All participants understood well about the process and Redress Mechanism and the focal person who was assigned to handle for this project. focal person who was assigned They are all preferred to seek the village chief to assist to handle the complaint for this them on registration the complaint or any suggestion/ project with full name and concerns ….etc. contact number and its process.

XX. Opinion and Recommendation

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17 Ø All participants confirmed that there is no any restriction that related to their spiritual respect or cultural praying due to the fact that the Khmer Laos people in the village are normally practicing the same traditions as Khmer people. They are also celebrating Bchum Benh Day and Khmer new year ceremony the same as Khmer people.

Ø They also confirmed that there is no specific variety of vegetable/tree/ or wild animal that are concerning or not allowed to bring into their village.

Ø Notice 1: information provided from participants and village chief show that their traditional restriction is to not allow to bring the dead body across their village/community as it caused harms to their community, however, they will agree or allow for crossing if the cultural praying practice is completed (the cultural praying of the request for bringing the dead body across the village/ community such as: 4. Providing a single or pair of pigs for worship, 5. Providing a pair or more of chickens for worship, 6. Providing white wine (SRA SOR) for worship,

Ø Notice 2: information provided from participants and village chief showed that their traditional restriction is not to allow the women from outside the village giving childbirth inside the village even if she is their relative, it caused harms to the household and community. Furthermore , they should follow the cultural praying of the request for coming in or crossing in advance. For the cultural praying, they should follow the same as the notice 1 by guidance from elderly people and village chief.

Ø Notice 3: information provided from all participants showed that the khmer Laos people in this village/ community are regularly practicing their traditional ceremony twice a year in which they called (BON PHUM) in June and December. For these traditional praying, all the people in the village attended and praying for worship. Moreover, these two traditional ceremonies are not restricted for travelling or a crossing the village, so that all the people are able to travel or come in /out as normal.

Pictures of participants during the FGD

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