DOCSLIB.ORG

Cultural Resource Assessment Survey Grove Land Reservoir Indian River, Florida

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Cultural Resource Assessment Survey Grove Land Reservoir Indian River, Florida CULTURAL RESOURCE ASSESSMENT SURVEY GROVE LAND RESERVOIR INDIAN RIVER, FLORIDA Prepared for: Hazen and Sawyer 4000 Hollywood Boulevard Suite 750N DRAFTHollywood, Florida 33201 Prepared by: Florida’s First Choice in Cultural Resource Management Archaeological Consultants, Inc. 8110 Blaikie Court, Suite A Sarasota, Florida 34240 (941) 379-6206 Toll Free: 1-800-735-9906 December 2016 CULTURAL RESOURCE ASSESSMENT SURVEY GROVE LAND RESERVOIR INDIAN RIVER, FLORIDA Prepared for: DRAFT Hazen and Sawyer 4000 Hollywood Boulevard Suite 750N Hollywood, Florida 33201 Prepared by: Archaeological Consultants, Inc. 8110 Blaikie Court, Suite A Sarasota, Florida 34240 Marion Almy - Project Manager Christine Newman - Project Archaeologist Katie Baar - Chief Field Archaeologist With assistance from Greg Smith, Ph.D. December 2016 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Archaeological Consultants, Inc. (ACI) conducted a cultural resource assessment survey (CRAS) of the 2000 acre Grove Land Reservoir property in Indian River County, Florida, for Hazen and Sawyer. The purpose of this investigation was to locate and identify any cultural resources within the project area and to assess their significance in terms of eligibility for listing in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). The archaeological and historical field surveys, conducted in October and November, 2016, were conducted as due diligence and were in compliance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act. The survey also complies with Chapters 267 and 373 Florida Statutes (FS), Florida’s Coastal Management Program, and implementing state regulations for possible impacts to historic properties listed, or eligible for listing in the NRHP, or otherwise of historical, architectural, or archaeological value. All work was carried out in conformity with the standards contained in the Florida Division of Historical Resource’s (FDHR) Cultural Resource Management Standards and Operational Manual (FDHR 2003). The resulting report meets specifications set forth in Chapter 1A-46, Florida Administrative Code (FAC). ACI conductedDRAFT extensive background research and prepared a cultural resources predictive model for the Grove Land Reservoir property in Indian River County, Florida. The model included a review of data at the Florida Master Site File (FMSF), the NRHP, CRAS reports, regional predictive models, 19th century federal surveyor’s field notes and Plat maps, Seminole and U.S. military histories, as well as 20th century data from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the Indian River County soil survey, to address the area’s historic settlement and agriculture industries. ACI further refined the predictive model using historic aerial photographs as recommended in the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP) prepared for the Army Corps of Engineers (ACOE) (Smith 2008). During ACI’s survey, 16 zones of archaeological potential (ZAPs) were identified and 15 were tested (one was within a pond), with supplemental testing of low probability areas throughout the study area. The archaeological background research indicated that no archaeological sites were recorded within the project tract and only two sites were recorded within two miles of the project area. Both sites, 8IR00066 and 8IR00079, are low density artifact scatters where only faunal material was recovered, thus cultural affiliation is unknown. Archaeological and historical field survey, based on the predictive model (CERP) and refinements, resulted in the discovery of one prehistoric archaeological site. Site 8IR01725, Grove Land, is a small disturbed midden from an unspecified prehistoric period. It is limited in size and does not appear to have the potential to provide data relative to subsurface features, seasonality, subsistence patterns, and technology at interior sites in southern Florida. Therefore, the site is not considered eligible for listing in the NRHP. A review of the FMSF and the NRHP, indicated that no historic resources (50 years of age or older) were previously recorded within the project area. As a result of the field survey, no historic resources were identified. Given the results of background research and field survey, it is the opinion of ACI archaeologists that the development of the project area will have no effect on any archaeological sites P16079-Grove Land Reservoir i or historic resources that are listed, determined eligible, or considered potentially eligible for listing in the NRHP. DRAFT P16079-Grove Land Reservoir ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1.0 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ 1-1 1.1 Project Description .................................................................................................... 1-1 1.2 Purpose ...................................................................................................................... 1-1 2.0 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING ......................................................................................... 2-1 2.1 Project Location and Environment ............................................................................ 2-1 2.2 Geology and Physiography ....................................................................................... 2-1 2.3 Soils ........................................................................................................................... 2-1 2.4 Paleoenvironmental Considerations .......................................................................... 2-5 3.0 CULTURAL CHRONOLOGY ........................................................................................... 3-1 3.1 Paleoindian ................................................................................................................ 3-1 3.2 Archaic Period ........................................................................................................... 3-3 3.3 Glades ........................................................................................................................ 3-5 3.3.1 Glades I ......................................................................................................... 3-5 3.3.2 Glades II (sub periods a, b, and c) ................................................................. 3-6 3.3.3DRAFT Glades III (sub periods a, b and c) ................................................................. 3-6 3.4 East Okeechobee ....................................................................................................... 3-6 3.5 East and Central ........................................................................................................ 3-7 3.6 Colonialism ............................................................................................................... 3-7 3.7 Territorial and Statehood ......................................................................................... 3-10 3.8 American Period: 1900s .......................................................................................... 3-14 3.9 Project Specific Background ................................................................................... 3-16 4.0 RESEARCH CONSIDERATIONS AND METHODS ..................................................... 4-1 4.1 Archaeological Considerations .................................................................................. 4-1 4.2 Identification of ZAPs for Grove Land Reservoir ..................................................... 4-3 4.3 Historic Site Considerations ...................................................................................... 4-5 4.4 Field Methodology .................................................................................................... 4-5 4.5 Informant Interviews ................................................................................................. 4-6 4.6 Unexpected Discoveries ............................................................................................ 4-6 4.7 Laboratory Methods and Curation ............................................................................ 4-6 5.0 SURVEY RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS .................................................................... 5-1 5.1 Archaeological Survey Results ................................................................................. 5-1 5.2 Historical /Architectural Survey Results ................................................................... 5-6 5.3 Conclusions ............................................................................................................... 5-6 6.0 REFERENCES CITED ....................................................................................................... 6-1 APPENDICES Appendix A: FMSF forms Appendix B: Survey Log P16079-Grove Land Reservoir iii LIST OF FIGURES, TABLES, AND PHOTOGRAPHS Page Figure Figure 1.1. Location of the Grove Land Reservoir project area, Indian River County. ................... 1-2 Figure 2.1. Environmental setting of the Grove Land Reservoir project area, St. Lucie County. .... 2-2 Figure 3.1. Florida Archaeological Regions. .................................................................................... 3-2 Figure 3.2. 1859 plat of Township 33 South, Range 36 East and 1853 plat of Township 33 South, 37 East showing the project area....................................................................... 3-12 Figure 3.3. 1958 and 1962 aerial photographs showing the project area ....................................... 3-17 Figure 3.4. 1971 aerial photograph showing
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Chapter 6 City of North Port Comprehensive Plan ______Recreation & Open Space
    CHAPTER 6 CITY OF NORTH PORT COMPREHENSIVE PLAN ____________________________________ RECREATION & OPEN SPACE Recreation and Open Space Element Table of Contents Chapter 6 Recreation & Open Space Page Introduction 6-3 Needs and Priorities 6-4 Relationship to the EAR 6-4 Parks and Recreation Master Plan 6-5 Parks and Recreation Division Recommendations 6-10 Local Option One Percent Infrastructure Surtax 6-11 Myakkahatchee Creek Greenway Master Plan 6-12 Other Recreational Opportunities 6-16 List of Illustrations TABLES 6-1 Parks Inventory 6-18 Goals, Objectives, & Policies 6-21 Maps follow GOP’s Map 6-1 Parks 6-2 Recreation and Open Space Element RECREATION AND OPEN SPACE ELEMENT Introduction The management of City-owned parks, recreational amenities and open space has undergone significant change since the 1997 10-year update of the City of North Port’s Comprehensive Plan. In 1997, the population of North Port was 16,708, by 2008, the City’s population had more than tripled to 56,316 (Bureau of Economic and Business Research estimate). The City’s explosive growth within that period of time is attributable to the large numbers of young families who moved to the City because of its affordable housing and good schools. As a consequence of this continuing trend, the average age of a typical resident has fallen from the 50s to the mid- to late 30s. Under the terms of the City’s 1993 Interlocal Agreement with Sarasota County Government, the City’s recreational programs, activities and facilities had been consolidated and placed under the direction of the County.
    [Show full text]
  • Jockey Club ——-”A Community Helping to Build a City”
    Jockey Club ——-”a community helping to build a city” Jockey Club of North Port Property Owners’ Association, Inc. A Covenant Protected Community Board of Directors JANUARY—EDITION 2016 VOLUME 38 ISSUE 1 Officers Fred McMahan, Pres 16 David Casarsa, VP 16 Guenter Recknagel, Treasurer ‘18 Bil Carlock, Secretary/ City Liaison ‘16 Loretta Stephenson, Beautification 18 Margarete Haefele, Clarion Editor 16 Bill Iiams 16, Maintenance Director Sean Seward16 CONTENTS Board Meeting ————–—pg 2 Performing Arts———-——-pg 2 Updates ———-———-——pg 2 Did you Know————-——pg 2 Snow Flake Dance—---——pg 3 Important Notice—--——-—-pg 3 Report from City Liaison——pg3 Best Christmas Décor—--—pg 3 Comments President———pg 4 Friends Lttle Salt Springs—-pg 4 Recreation Update————pg 5 Cmmunication Loretta——--pg 5 Booster Page—–——-——-pg 6 Elections——————–-—–pg 7 Info /Volunteer Request—–pg 11 Money Talks——————-pg12 Splash News————–—-pg 12 Election 2016——–———-pg 13 Code Enforcement———--pg 14 This is your Community—--pg 15 THE NEXT CLARION IS OUR FEBRUARY ISSUE Our Board meetings are very interesting! Come and check it out. Page2 2 We are free. We are the Board of members of 2016 North Port Performing Arts Events the Jockey Club. We run this Club. You voted us North Port Performing Arts Association tick- in. We have succeeded in taking back our Club. ets may be purchased by calling the box of- Things went smoothly, and we are ironing out the fice at 426-8479 or 866-406-7722, or by going wrinkles. There are many deficiencies, worn out between 10am-1pm and one hour prior to the equipment, and disarrayed files which we have in house box office.
    [Show full text]
  • Cultural Resource Assessment Survey
    CULTURAL RESOURCE ASSESSMENT SURVEY FOR THE SEIR FOR WIDENING U.S. 301 FROM FALKENBURG ROAD TO CAUSEWAY BOULEVARD Hillsborough County, Florida Prepared for Kimley-Horn and Associates, Inc. 10117 Princess Palm Ave Suite 300 Tampa, Florida 33610 Prepared by Janus Research 1300 N. Westshore Boulevard, Suite 100 Tampa, Florida 33607 FINAL REPORT CRAS for the SEIR for Widening U.S. 301 from Falkenburg Road to Causeway Boulevard Hillsborough County November 2006 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This Cultural Resource Assessment Survey (CRAS) for the State Environmental Impact Report (SEIR) for Widening U.S. 301 from Falkenburg Road to Causeway Boulevard in Hillsborough County, Florida was undertaken at the request of Kimley-Horn and Associates, Inc. The objective of this survey, which was conducted in November, 2006, was to identify cultural resources within or adjacent to the project area and assess their eligibility for listing in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) according to the criteria set forth in 36 CFR Section 60.4. This assessment was designed and implemented to comply with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) of 1966 (as amended) as implemented by 36 CFR 800 (Protection of Historic Properties, effective January 2001); Section 102 of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) of 1969, as amended (42 USC 4321 et seq.), as implemented by the regulations of the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) (40 CFR Parts 1500–1508); Section 4(f) of the Department of Transportation Act of 1966, as amended (49 USC 303); Chapter 267, Florida Statutes; and the minimum field methods, data analysis, and reporting standards embodied in the Florida Division of Historical Resources’ (FDHR) Cultural Resource Management Standards and Operational Manual (February 2003), and Chapter 1A-46 (Archaeological and Historical Report Standards and Guidelines), Florida Administrative Code.
    [Show full text]
  • Page/Ladson (8Je591) : Excavation of an Early Holocene Occupation Site
    PAGE/LADSON (8JE591): EXCAVATION OF AN EARLY HOLOCENE OCCUPATION SITE IN THE AUCILLA RIVER, FLORIDA By BRINNEN S. CARTER A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2003 ' r Copyright 2003 by Brinnen S. Carter This document is dedicated to my dead father, Brinly Stewart Carter. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS There are many people who deserve the largest measure of thanks for their patience and support. On the intellectual side, S. David Webb and James (Jim) Dunbar are first and foremost. The Florida Department of State Special Category grants, National Geographic grants, and numerous private donations of money, time, and equipment, to the Aucilla River Prehistory Project, lead by Drs. Webb and Milanich paid for the fieldwork. Grants and salary from the Aucilla River Prehistory Project and discussions with Jim Dunbar have been important in directing the work that follows. Discussions with David Anderson (modeling Paleoindian/Early Archaic American Indian bands and macrobands), Albert Goodyear (tool technology and chronology), Jerald Milanich (hypothesis generation and testing), Louis Tesar (overall Florida Paleoindian site distribution and nature) have also contributed to the quality of work. One could hardly ask for a better archaeology faculty than the University of Florida's for understanding the breadth of New World Archaeology. The archaeology faculty of Florida State University—and especially Rochelle Marrinan—helped me keep my dignity while completing the dissertation. Teaching at FSU added notches to my resume and gave me a better understanding of the pressures under which university-based researchers work.
    [Show full text]
  • Student Handbook 2020–2021
    UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMS: TRADITIONAL BSN ACCELERATED BSN And RN-BSN STUDENT HANDBOOK 2020–2021 Updated April 20, 2021 Dean’s Message Dear BSN Students: It is with great enthusiasm and support that we welcome you to the 2020-2021 academic year at the University of Miami School of Nursing and Health Studies. This promises to be an exciting year of challenging experiences and educational opportunities designed to provide you with the knowledge and skills to become a creative, competent, and compassionate graduate. At SONHS, we share the university’s common purpose to transform lives through teaching, research and service. We are glad you are a part of the student body and look forward to meeting you and facilitating your academic journey towards achievement of the BSN degree. Prepare for your life to be transformed! This Handbook is designed as a guide to enable you to achieve your academic goals and to fully participate in student life at the University of Miami School of Nursing and Health Studies. This Handbook contains essential information including policies and procedures, expectations of students, program of study details and services for students that facilitate learning experiences. Each student is responsible for reading this Handbook, understanding the content therein, and abiding by its policies and procedures. Failure to have adequate knowledge of the Handbook content is not an excuse for inappropriate actions. The most up to date Handbook can be accessed on-line at http://www.miami.edu/sonhs/index.php/sonhs/current_students/student_handbooks#Undergradu ate_Programs Other publications that also contain essential information for you as a student are the University of Miami Bulletin, 2020-2021, University of Miami Student Life Handbook, 2020-2021 and the University of Miami Student Rights and Responsibilities Handbook, 2020-2021.
    [Show full text]
  • The Integration of Lidar and Legacy Datasets Provides Improved Explanations for the Spatial Patterning of Shell Rings in the American Southeast
    Binghamton University The Open Repository @ Binghamton (The ORB) Anthropology Datasets Anthropology 2020 The Integration of Lidar and Legacy Datasets Provides Improved Explanations for the Spatial Patterning of Shell Rings in the American Southeast Dylan S. Davis The Pennsylvania State University, [email protected] Robert Dinapoli University of Oregon, [email protected] Matthew Sanger Binghamton University--SUNY, [email protected] Carl Lipo Binghamton University--SUNY, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://orb.binghamton.edu/anthro_data Part of the Archaeological Anthropology Commons, Biological and Physical Anthropology Commons, Linguistic Anthropology Commons, and the Social and Cultural Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation Davis, D., DiNapoli, R., Sanger, M., & Lipo, C. (2020). The Integration of Lidar and Legacy Datasets Provides Improved Explanations for the Spatial Patterning of Shell Rings in the American Southeast. Advances in Archaeological Practice, 1-15. doi:10.1017/aap.2020.18 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Anthropology at The Open Repository @ Binghamton (The ORB). It has been accepted for inclusion in Anthropology Datasets by an authorized administrator of The Open Repository @ Binghamton (The ORB). For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Integration of Lidar and Legacy Datasets Provides Improved Explanations for the Spatial Patterning of Shell Rings in the American Southeast Dylan S. Davis , Robert J. DiNapoli, Matthew C. Sanger , and Carl P. Lipo ABSTRACT Archaeologists have struggled to combine remotely sensed datasets with preexisting information for landscape-level analyses. In the American Southeast, for example, analyses of lidar data using automated feature extraction algorithms have led to the identification of over 40 potential new pre-European-contact Native American shell ring deposits in Beaufort County, South Carolina.
    [Show full text]
  • Paleo-Diving
    ocean Exploring the Submerged New World 2009 Paleo-Diving www.oceanexplorer.noaa.gov Focus Florida Underwater archaeology of sinkholes Grade Level 7-8 (Earth Science/Archaeology) Focus Question Why are sinkholes in Florida often associated with paleoamerican settlements, and how are they studied by archaeologists? Learning Objectives n Students will be able to explain how sinkholes are formed. n Students will be able to infer and explain why sinkholes may be associated with paleoamerican settlements. n Students will be able to describe how artifacts retrieved from sinkholes may be interpreted. Materials q Copies of Paleoamerica Archaeology Inquiry Guide, one copy for each student or student group Audio-Visual Materials q None Teaching Time One or two 45-minute class periods, plus time for student research Seating Arrangement Classroom style, or groups of 2-4 students Maximum Number of Students 32 Key Words Paleoamerican Image captions/credits on Page 2. Sinkhole Pleistocene Epoch Sloth Hole Little Salt Spring Page-Ladson 1 www.oceanexplorer.noaa.gov Exploring the Submerged New World 2009: Paleo-Diving Grades 7-8 (Earth Science/Archaeology) Background Information NOTE: Explanations and procedures in this lesson are written at a level appropriate to professional educators. In presenting and discussing this material with students, educators may need to adapt the language and instructional approach to styles that are best suited to specific student groups. Recent archaeological and molecular genetic evidence (Goebel, et al., 2008) indicates that the first humans to inhabit North America migrated from Siberia around 15,000 years ago, near the end of the Pleistocene Epoch. These migrants are believed to have crossed a land bridge to the Pacific coast of North America, and continued southward, possibly using boats.
    [Show full text]
  • Tour of Fort Center Excavations on Friday, July 16
    Vol. 26 No. 6 July 2010 Tour of Fort Center Excavations on Friday, July 16 Instead of a July meeting in Bonita Springs, SWFAS The Fort Center site is managed by Florida’s Fish and members are invited to participate in a Public Day at Fort Wildlife Commission and is located off of SR-78 north of Center on Friday, July 16, 2010, from 10 a.m to 3 pm., Moore Haven at the Fisheating Creek parking access. Please hosted by The Florida Public Archaeology Network (FPAN) note that the site is located in a wooded and undeveloped Southwest Regional Center, in conjunction with SWFAS natural area, so proper attire (long pants, sturdy shoes), and the Clewiston Museum. sun and rain protection, and a water supply are strongly Fort Center, an important Belle Glade archaeological site recommended during your visit. Restroom facilities, a on Fisheating Creek near Lake Okeechobee in Glades County, parking area, and picnic shelters can be found at the entrance. was first excavated in the late 1960s, and written about in a The Clewiston Museum is located off of SR-80 in downtown well-known volume by William H. Sears in 1982. Clewiston. No reservations are required. Dr. Victor Thompson of Ohio State University, who is The Florida Public Archaeology Network is a statewide conducting an undergraduate field school at Fort Center, will program dedicated to protecting and preserving the state’s lead tours for the public along with project team members. fragile cultural resources and involving the public in the study Thompson’s excavations mark the first time in decades that of our past.
    [Show full text]
  • By a Thesis Submitted to the Department of Anthropology In
    THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARTS & SCIENCES AN OVERVIEW OF ARCHAEOLOGY RELATED TO KARST FEATURES IN FLORIDA By KIM KAUFMANN A Thesis submitted to the Department of Anthropology in Partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts DEGREE AWARDED: Summer Semester, 1993 The membe~= of the Committee approve the Thesis of ~:ira I(aufmann defonded on June 3. 1993. R~~ff~QH~-------------- ProFessor Directing ThesIs G~----~-- Committee Member ~~ ~J~'-r. _ Geor Fischer Committee Member ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author would like to thank various individuals and departments for their assistance with the Promise Project. First, I would like to thank thesis committee members Dr. Rochelle Marrinan, Dr. Glen Doran, and George Fischer. I would also like to thank Dr. steve Hale and Frank Rupert for their assistance and expertise with sample analysis. Thanks are due Sandra Forney and the united states Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, for issuing a special use permit to conduct research at Promise Sink. I would also like to thank the Department of Anthropology at Florida State University, Florida State University Marine Lab's Academic Diving Program, and the State of Florida Bureau of Historical Research, Underwater Archaeology Division for the use of all equipment used in the Promise project. A special thanks to: Scott Hayes, Nancy Nonweiler, Shelly Sikes, Marjorie Peak, and Kimberly Willyoung for the willingness to help with the Promise project. I would also like to express my indebtedness to Jane Kaufmann for
    [Show full text]
  • The Florida Anthropologist
    THE FLORIDA ANTHROPOLOGIST Volume 60 Number 1 March 2007 TABLE OF CONTENTS From the Editors 3 Temporal Problems and Alternatives Toward the Establishment of Paleoindian Site Chronologies in Florida 5 and the Adjacent Coastal Southeast. James S. Dunbar Summer Pentoaya: Locating a Prominent Ais Indian Town along the Indian River Lagoon, Florida. 21 J. F. Lanham and Alan Brech A Preliminary Review and Bibliography of Human Skeletal Remains Curated by the Palm Beach Museum 39 of Natural History. Peter Ferdinando BOOK REVIEWS Grantham: Creation Myths and Legends of the Creek Indians. Jim Pepe 51 Mason: The Archaeology of Ocmulgee Old Fields, Macon, Georgia. Rochelle Marrinan 52 About the Authors 55 Cover: The Florida Anthropological Society 60th Anniversary Logo by James W. Hunter III. Published by the FLORIDA ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOCIETY, INC. ISSN 0015-3893 TEMPORAL PROBLEMS AND ALTERNATIVES TOWARDS THE ESTABLISHMENT OF PALEOINDIAN SITE CHRONOLOGIES IN FLORIDA AND THE ADJACENT COASTAL SOUTHEAST JAMES s. dUNBAR Senior Archaeologist, Public Lands Archaeology Program, Bureau of Archaeological Research, 1001 de Soto Park Drive, Tallahassee, FL 32301 Email: [email protected] Introduction Since its development, radiocarbon dating (Libby et al. Several Paleoindian sites have been identified in Florida 1949) has been the preferred method of placing archaeological that have yielded diagnostic artifacts and preserved faunal sites in temporal context (Dasovich 1996, Morlan 2004). bone, but have not been radiometrically dated. There have However, the radiocarbon method has been largely ineffective been limitations to and new developments with the radiocarbon in determining the age of Paleoindian sites east of the technique (both standard radiometric and Accelerator Mass Mississippi River due to the general absence of preserved Spectrometry AMS) that may or may not preclude its use in organic material capable of yielding dates (Ellis et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Developing Models of Settlement for the Florida Gulf Coast
    Chapter 12 Developing Models of Settlement for the Florida Gulf Coast MICHAEL RUSSO AND IRVY R. QUITMYER One puzzle with which archaeologists struggle is determining when people began to be less mobile and more sedentary. In many parts of the world seden- tism is linked to plant domestication. Residential sedentism without domestic plants is less frequently reported. However, Calusa communities on the south- western Gulf coast of Florida in the 16th century A.D. exhibited many features considered hallmarks of sedentary societies: permanent structures, storage facil- ities, large villages, and large-scale public works in the form of shell and earthen mounds. The Calusa political system maintained hegemony over the entire southern tip of the peninsula (Widmer 1988). Although the Calusa lived in per- manently-occupied villages, domesticated plants were not a significant food source (Scarry and Newsom 1992). Instead, Calusa economies were based on the bountiful, non-domesticated plants and animals of Florida’s coastal estuaries, marshes, and swamps. When did this tradition of sedentism in the absence of a domestic food base appear and how was it supported? This study elaborates upon evidence for early sedentism on the southwestern Gulf coast of Florida and reveals two distinct patterns of bay scallop (Argopecten irradians) collection. EVIDENCE FOR SEASON OF USE Traditional markers of sedentism present difficulties for interpreting archaeolog- ical sites in southwestern Florida (Figure 12-1). “Permanent structures” made of leaves and branches degraded quickly and subterranean storage pits were less 235 236 MICHAEL RUSSO AND IRVY R. QUITMYER Figure 12-1. Archaeological and other locations in south Florida mentioned in text.
    [Show full text]
  • A Cultural Historical Study of Land Use in Dade County, Florida James R
    Florida International University FIU Digital Commons FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations University Graduate School 4-4-1995 A Cultural Historical Study of Land Use in Dade County, Florida James R. Riach Florida International University, Department of Environmental Studies, [email protected] DOI: 10.25148/etd.FI07091101 Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd Part of the Sociology Commons Recommended Citation Riach, James R., "A Cultural Historical Study of Land Use in Dade County, Florida" (1995). FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 1. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1 This work is brought to you for free and open access by the University Graduate School at FIU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of FIU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY Miami, Florida A CULTURAL HISTORICAL STUDY OF LAND USE IN DADE COUNTY, FLORIDA A thesis submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS IN COMPARATIVE SOCIOLOGY by James Robert Riach 1995 To: Dean Arthur W. Herriott College of Arts and Sciences This thesis, written by James Robert Riach, and entitled A CULTURAL HISTORICAL STUDY OF LAND USE IN DADE COUNTY, FLORIDA, having been approved in respect to style and intellectual content, is referred to your judgement. We have read this thesis and recommend that it be approved. Bradley C. Bennett Alex Stepidk ennis W. Wiedman William T. Vickers, Major Professor Date of Defense: April 4, 1995 The thesis of James Robert Riach is approved.
    [Show full text]