CULTURAL RESOURCE ASSESSMENT SURVEY GROVE LAND RESERVOIR INDIAN RIVER, FLORIDA Prepared for: Hazen and Sawyer 4000 Hollywood Boulevard Suite 750N DRAFTHollywood, Florida 33201 Prepared by: Florida’s First Choice in Cultural Resource Management Archaeological Consultants, Inc. 8110 Blaikie Court, Suite A Sarasota, Florida 34240 (941) 379-6206 Toll Free: 1-800-735-9906 December 2016 CULTURAL RESOURCE ASSESSMENT SURVEY GROVE LAND RESERVOIR INDIAN RIVER, FLORIDA Prepared for: DRAFT Hazen and Sawyer 4000 Hollywood Boulevard Suite 750N Hollywood, Florida 33201 Prepared by: Archaeological Consultants, Inc. 8110 Blaikie Court, Suite A Sarasota, Florida 34240 Marion Almy - Project Manager Christine Newman - Project Archaeologist Katie Baar - Chief Field Archaeologist With assistance from Greg Smith, Ph.D. December 2016 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Archaeological Consultants, Inc. (ACI) conducted a cultural resource assessment survey (CRAS) of the 2000 acre Grove Land Reservoir property in Indian River County, Florida, for Hazen and Sawyer. The purpose of this investigation was to locate and identify any cultural resources within the project area and to assess their significance in terms of eligibility for listing in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). The archaeological and historical field surveys, conducted in October and November, 2016, were conducted as due diligence and were in compliance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act. The survey also complies with Chapters 267 and 373 Florida Statutes (FS), Florida’s Coastal Management Program, and implementing state regulations for possible impacts to historic properties listed, or eligible for listing in the NRHP, or otherwise of historical, architectural, or archaeological value. All work was carried out in conformity with the standards contained in the Florida Division of Historical Resource’s (FDHR) Cultural Resource Management Standards and Operational Manual (FDHR 2003). The resulting report meets specifications set forth in Chapter 1A-46, Florida Administrative Code (FAC). ACI conductedDRAFT extensive background research and prepared a cultural resources predictive model for the Grove Land Reservoir property in Indian River County, Florida. The model included a review of data at the Florida Master Site File (FMSF), the NRHP, CRAS reports, regional predictive models, 19th century federal surveyor’s field notes and Plat maps, Seminole and U.S. military histories, as well as 20th century data from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the Indian River County soil survey, to address the area’s historic settlement and agriculture industries. ACI further refined the predictive model using historic aerial photographs as recommended in the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP) prepared for the Army Corps of Engineers (ACOE) (Smith 2008). During ACI’s survey, 16 zones of archaeological potential (ZAPs) were identified and 15 were tested (one was within a pond), with supplemental testing of low probability areas throughout the study area. The archaeological background research indicated that no archaeological sites were recorded within the project tract and only two sites were recorded within two miles of the project area. Both sites, 8IR00066 and 8IR00079, are low density artifact scatters where only faunal material was recovered, thus cultural affiliation is unknown. Archaeological and historical field survey, based on the predictive model (CERP) and refinements, resulted in the discovery of one prehistoric archaeological site. Site 8IR01725, Grove Land, is a small disturbed midden from an unspecified prehistoric period. It is limited in size and does not appear to have the potential to provide data relative to subsurface features, seasonality, subsistence patterns, and technology at interior sites in southern Florida. Therefore, the site is not considered eligible for listing in the NRHP. A review of the FMSF and the NRHP, indicated that no historic resources (50 years of age or older) were previously recorded within the project area. As a result of the field survey, no historic resources were identified. Given the results of background research and field survey, it is the opinion of ACI archaeologists that the development of the project area will have no effect on any archaeological sites P16079-Grove Land Reservoir i or historic resources that are listed, determined eligible, or considered potentially eligible for listing in the NRHP. DRAFT P16079-Grove Land Reservoir ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1.0 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ 1-1 1.1 Project Description .................................................................................................... 1-1 1.2 Purpose ...................................................................................................................... 1-1 2.0 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING ......................................................................................... 2-1 2.1 Project Location and Environment ............................................................................ 2-1 2.2 Geology and Physiography ....................................................................................... 2-1 2.3 Soils ........................................................................................................................... 2-1 2.4 Paleoenvironmental Considerations .......................................................................... 2-5 3.0 CULTURAL CHRONOLOGY ........................................................................................... 3-1 3.1 Paleoindian ................................................................................................................ 3-1 3.2 Archaic Period ........................................................................................................... 3-3 3.3 Glades ........................................................................................................................ 3-5 3.3.1 Glades I ......................................................................................................... 3-5 3.3.2 Glades II (sub periods a, b, and c) ................................................................. 3-6 3.3.3DRAFT Glades III (sub periods a, b and c) ................................................................. 3-6 3.4 East Okeechobee ....................................................................................................... 3-6 3.5 East and Central ........................................................................................................ 3-7 3.6 Colonialism ............................................................................................................... 3-7 3.7 Territorial and Statehood ......................................................................................... 3-10 3.8 American Period: 1900s .......................................................................................... 3-14 3.9 Project Specific Background ................................................................................... 3-16 4.0 RESEARCH CONSIDERATIONS AND METHODS ..................................................... 4-1 4.1 Archaeological Considerations .................................................................................. 4-1 4.2 Identification of ZAPs for Grove Land Reservoir ..................................................... 4-3 4.3 Historic Site Considerations ...................................................................................... 4-5 4.4 Field Methodology .................................................................................................... 4-5 4.5 Informant Interviews ................................................................................................. 4-6 4.6 Unexpected Discoveries ............................................................................................ 4-6 4.7 Laboratory Methods and Curation ............................................................................ 4-6 5.0 SURVEY RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS .................................................................... 5-1 5.1 Archaeological Survey Results ................................................................................. 5-1 5.2 Historical /Architectural Survey Results ................................................................... 5-6 5.3 Conclusions ............................................................................................................... 5-6 6.0 REFERENCES CITED ....................................................................................................... 6-1 APPENDICES Appendix A: FMSF forms Appendix B: Survey Log P16079-Grove Land Reservoir iii LIST OF FIGURES, TABLES, AND PHOTOGRAPHS Page Figure Figure 1.1. Location of the Grove Land Reservoir project area, Indian River County. ................... 1-2 Figure 2.1. Environmental setting of the Grove Land Reservoir project area, St. Lucie County. .... 2-2 Figure 3.1. Florida Archaeological Regions. .................................................................................... 3-2 Figure 3.2. 1859 plat of Township 33 South, Range 36 East and 1853 plat of Township 33 South, 37 East showing the project area....................................................................... 3-12 Figure 3.3. 1958 and 1962 aerial photographs showing the project area ....................................... 3-17 Figure 3.4. 1971 aerial photograph showing