Is the Eastern Denali Fault Still Active? Minhee Choi, David W
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Denali Fault System of Southern Alaska an Interior Strikeslip
TECTONICS, VOL. 12, NO. 5, PAGES 1195-1208, OCTOBER 1993 DENALl FAULT SYSTEM OF SOUTHERN 1974; Lanphere,1978; Stoutand Chase,1980]. Despitethis ALASKA: AN INTERIOR STRIKE.SLIP consensus,the tectonichistory of the DFS remainsrelatively STRUCTURE RESPONDING TO DEXTRAL unconstrained.Critical outcrops are rare, access is difficult,and AND SINISTRAL SHEAR COUPLING to this day muchof the regionis incompletelymapped at detailed scales. Grantz[1966] named or redefinedsix individualfault ThomasF. Redfieldand Paul G. Fitzgerald1 segmentscomprising the DFS. From west to eastthe Departmentof Geology,Arizona State University, segmentsare the Togiak/Tikchikfault, the Holitnafault, the Tempe Farewellfault, the Denali fault (subdividedinto the McKinley andHines Creek strands), the Shakwakfault, andthe Dalton fault (Figure 1). At its westernend, the DFS is mappednot as a singleentity but ratherappears to splayinto a complex, Abstract.The Denalifault system (DFS) extendsfor-1200 poorlyexposed set of crosscuttingfault patterns[Beikman, km, from southeastto southcentral Alaska. The DFS has 1980]. Somewhatmore orderly on its easternend, the DFS beengenerally regarded as a fight-lateralstrike-slip fault, along appearsto join forceswith the ChathamStrait fault. This which postlate Mesozoicoffsets of up to 400 km havebeen structurein turn is truncatedby the Fairweatherfault [Beikman, suggested.The offsethistory of the DFS is relatively 1980],the present-dayNorth American plate Pacific plate unconstrained,particularly at its westernend. For thisstudy boundary[Plafker -
ISC Data Cited in Research Publications in 2019
ISC data cited in research publications in 2019 This list is a result of a special effort to put together a collection of scientific papers published during 2019 that used ISC data. The list is by no means exhaustive. The ISC has become such a familiar name that many researchers sadly fail to reference their use of the ISC data. To track publications that use one or more of the ISC dataset and services, we set up automatic alerts with Google Scholar for scientific papers that refer to ISC. The Google Scholar alerts return matches with different ways to refer to the ISC as normally done by authors, such as “International Seismological Centre”, “International Seismological Center”, “ISC-GEM”, “ISC-EHB” and “EHB” + ”seismic”. No doubt many more references can be found by using different search phrases. Below are the bibliographic references to the ~280 works in year 2019 as gathered by Google Scholar. The references to articles published in journals are listed first, followed by the references to other types of publications (e.g., chapters in books, reports, thesis, websites). The references are sorted by journal name. The vast majority of the references below belong to journal articles. Radulian, M., Bălă, A., Ardeleanu, L., Toma-Dănilă, D., Petrescu, registered earthquakes in the Arctic regions, Arctic Environmental L. and Popescu, E. (2019). Revised catalogue of earthquake Research, 19, 3, 123-128, http://doi.org/10.3897/issn2541- mechanisms for the events occurred in Romania until the end of 8416.2019.19.3.123. twentieth century: REFMC, Acta Geod. Geoph., 54, 1, 3-18, Turova, A.P. -
Seismicity of the Earth 1900–2013 Offshore British Columbia–Southeastern Alaska and Vicinity Compiled by Gavin P
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Open-File Report 2010–1083–O U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Seismicity of the Earth 1900–2013 Offshore British Columbia–Southeastern Alaska and Vicinity Compiled by Gavin P. Hayes,1 Gregory M. Smoczyk,1 Jonathan G. Ooms,1 Daniel E. McNamara,1 Kevin P. Furlong,2 Harley M. Benz,1 and Antonio Villaseñor3 2014 1U.S. Geological Survey 2Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pa., 16802 USA Queen Charlotte Fault Graphic 140° 130° 3Institute of Earth Sciences, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Lluis Solé i Sabarîs s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain This schematic figure shows the tectonic setting of the Pacific–North America plate Delta Junction UNITED boundary (PAC:NAM) in the region of the October 28, 2012, M 7.8 Haida TECTONIC SUMMARY Mackenzie Mountains Deltana Dawson Gwaii earthquake sequence (red circles). Background seismicity Healy from the Centennial and USGS-NEIC catalogs is shown The tectonics of the Pacific margin of North America between Vancouver Island and south-central Alaska are dominated STATES Mayo Alaska Range with gray cubes, in three dimensions. The upper by the northwest motion of the Pacific plate with respect to the North America plate at a velocity of approximately 50 2002 2002 mm/yr. In the south of this mapped region, convergence between the northern extent of the Juan de Fuca plate (also Cantwell Tok panel shows three-dimensional shaded known as the Explorer microplate) and North America plate dominate. North from the Explorer, Pacific, and North relief of GEBCO bathymetry America plate triple junction, Pacific:North America motion is accommodated along the ~650-km-long Queen Charlotte Yukon (GEBCO, 2008). -
Rupture in South-Central Alaska— the Denali Fault Earthquake of 2002
REDUCING EARTHQUAKE LOSSES THROUGHOUT THE UNITED STATES Rupture in South-Central Alaska— ������� ��� The Denali Fault Earthquake of 2002 ��� �������� � � � � � � ��� ��������� �� ����� powerful magnitude 7.9 earth- ����� ����� ����� ���� �� ��� ������ quake struck Alaska on No- ����� ������������ ��� �������� ��������� A ��� ��� ���� � ���� ������ ������ � � � vember 3, 2002, rupturing the Earth’s � � �������� ��� �� ���� � � � � surface for 209 miles along the Susitna � ���������� ���� ������ ����� � � ����� � � ���������� Glacier, Denali, and Totschunda Faults. � � ����� � � � ��������� �� � � � � � Striking a sparsely populated region, � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � it caused thousands of landslides but � � � � � � � � � � little structural damage and no deaths. � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � Although the Denali Fault shifted about � �������� ������� � � ��� � � � � ������� � � 14 feet beneath the Trans-Alaska Oil ��������� �� � ����� � Pipeline, the pipeline did not break, � � ���� � � � � � � ������ � � � � � � � � �������� averting a major economic and envi- � � ���� � ��������� �� � ronmental disaster. This was largely � � � � � � � the result of stringent design specifica- � � � � � � � � tions based on geologic studies done ������������ ��� �������� � � � � � � � by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) � �� ��� ���������� � � � and others 30 years earlier. Studies of � � � � � � � � � � �� ����� � � ���������� � � � ���� the Denali Fault and the 2002 earth- � quake will provide information vital to The November 3, 2002, magnitude -
Seismotectonic Characteristics of the Taiwan Collision-Manila Subduction Transition the Effect of Pre-Existing Structures
Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 173 (2019) 113–120 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Asian Earth Sciences journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jseaes Seismotectonic characteristics of the Taiwan collision-Manila subduction transition: The effect of pre-existing structures T ⁎ Shao-Jinn China,b, Jing-Yi Lina,b, , Yi-Ching Yeha, Hao Kuo-Chena, Chin-Wei Liangb a Department of Earth Sciences, National Central University, No. 300, Jhongda Rd., Jhongli City, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan, ROC b Center for Environmental Studies, National Central University, No. 300, Jhongda Rd., Jhongli City, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan, ROC ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Based on the distribution of an earthquake swarm determined from an ocean bottom seismometer (OBS) network Collision deployed from 20 August to 5 September 2015 in the northernmost part of the South China Sea (SCS) and data Subduction from inland seismic stations in Taiwan, we resolved a ML 4.1 earthquake occurring on 1 September 2015 as a NE- Taiwan SW-trending left-lateral strike-slip event that ruptured along the pre-existing normal faults generated during the Manila SCS opening phases. The direction of the T-axes derived from the M 4.1 earthquake and the background Ocean bottom seismometer L seismicity off SW Taiwan present high consistency, indicating a stable dominant NW-SE tensional stress for the Passive margin subducted Eurasian Plate (EUP). The distinct stress variations on the two sides of these reactivated NE-SW trending features suggest that the presence of pre-existing normal faults and other related processes may lessen the lateral resistance between the Taiwan collision and Manila subduction system, and facilitate the slab-pull process for the subducting portion, which may explain the NW-SE tensional stress environment near the tran- sition boundary in the northernmost part of the SCS. -
Geologic Mapping and the Trans-Alaska Pipeline Using Geologic Maps to Protect Infrastructure and the Environment
Case Study Geologic Mapping and the Trans-Alaska Pipeline Using geologic maps to protect infrastructure and the environment Overview The 800-mile-long Trans-Alaska Pipeline, which starts at examining the fault closely and analyzing its rate of Prudhoe Bay on Alaska’s North Slope, can carry 2 million movement, geologists determined that the area around barrels of oil per day south to the port of Valdez for export, the pipeline crossing—had the potential to generate a equal to roughly 10% of the daily consumption in the United very significant earthquake greater than magnitude 8. States in 2017. The pipeline crosses the Denali fault some 90 miles south of Fairbanks. A major earthquake along the fault could cause the pipeline to rupture, spilling crude oil into the surrounding environment. Denali Fault Trace In 2002, a magnitude 7.9 earthquake struck the Denali fault, one of the largest earthquakes ever recorded in North America, which caused violent shaking and large ground movement where the pipeline crossed the fault. However, the pipeline did not spill a drop of oil, and only saw a 3-day shutdown for inspections. Geologic mapping of the pipeline area prior to its construction allowed geologists and engineers to identify and plan for earthquake hazards in the pipeline design, which mitigated damage to pipeline infrastructure and helped prevent a potentially major oil spill during the 2002 earthquake. Geologic Mapping The Trans-Alaska Pipeline after the 2002 earthquake on the Denali Mapping the bedrock geology along the 1,000-mile-long fault. The fault rupture occurred between the second and third Denali fault revealed information on past movement on the beams fault and the likely direction of motion on the fault in future Image credit: Tim Dawson, U.S. -
Active and Potentially Active Faults in Or Near the Alaska Highway Corridor, Dot Lake to Tetlin Junction, Alaska
Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys PRELIMINARY INTERPRETIVE REPORT 2010-1 ACTIVE AND POTENTIALLY ACTIVE FAULTS IN OR NEAR THE ALASKA HIGHWAY CORRIDOR, DOT LAKE TO TETLIN JUNCTION, ALASKA by Gary A. Carver, Sean P. Bemis, Diana N. Solie, Sammy R. Castonguay, and Kyle E. Obermiller September 2010 THIS REPORT HAS NOT BEEN REVIEWED FOR TECHNICAL CONTENT (EXCEPT AS NOTED IN TEXT) OR FOR CONFORMITY TO THE EDITORIAL STANDARDS OF DGGS. Released by STATE OF ALASKA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys 3354 College Rd. Fairbanks, Alaska 99709-3707 $4.00 CONTENTS Abstract ............................................................................................................................................................ 1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................... 1 Seismotectonic setting of the Tanana River valley region of Alaska ................................................................ 3 2008 fi eld studies .............................................................................................................................................. 5 Field and analytical methods ............................................................................................................................ 5 Dot “T” Johnson fault ....................................................................................................................................... 7 Robertson -
The Geological Framework of the Yukon Territory by C
Y GSEOLOGICAL URVEY The Geological Framework of the Yukon Territory by C. Hart The Yukon Territory occupies the northern portion of a large geologic (and physiographic) province known as the Cordillera. This province is composed of relatively young mountain belts that range from Alaska to Mexico. Like most of the Cordillera, Yukon is composed of a diverse array of rock types that record more than a billion years of geological history. Most of the rocks have been affected by folding, faulting, metamorphism and uplift during various deformation events over at least the last 190 million years. This deformation has resulted in a complex arrangement of rock units and the mountainous terrain we see today. In Yukon, there are two main geological components which are largely separated by a major, northwest- trending fault (the Tintina): 1) the northeastern region is composed of a thick, older sequence of sedimentary rocks which was deposited upon a stable geological basement; and 2) the southwestern region is composed of a younger, complex mosaic of varying rock types that amalgamated and accreted to the stable sedimentary package. This paper briefly describes the geological framework of Yukon south of 65 degrees N and, with some exceptions, uses the Tectonic Assemblage Map of the Canadian Cordillera (Wheeler and McFeely 1991) and the Terrane Map of the Canadian Cordillera (Wheeler et al. 1991) as a foundation. However, some of the names used on these maps have been superseded by new terminology and they are included in this paper. Recent brief syntheses of Yukon physiography and geology are rare (Tempelman-Kluit, 1979; 1981), although geological compilations of Cordilleran geology are numerous and contain useful information about Yukon geology (Monger et al., 1982; Monger, 1989; Gabrielse and Yorath, 1992). -
Magnitude Limits of Subduction Zone Earthquakes
Magnitude Limits of Subduction Zone Earthquakes Rong, Y., Jackson, D. D., Magistrale, H., Goldfinger, C. (2014). Magnitude Limits of Subduction Zone Earthquakes. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 104(5), 2359-2377. doi:10.1785/0120130287 10.1785/0120130287 Seismological Society of America Version of Record http://cdss.library.oregonstate.edu/sa-termsofuse Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America This copy is for distribution only by the authors of the article and their institutions in accordance with the Open Access Policy of the Seismological Society of America. For more information see the publications section of the SSA website at www.seismosoc.org THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 400 Evelyn Ave., Suite 201 Albany, CA 94706-1375 (510) 525-5474; FAX (510) 525-7204 www.seismosoc.org Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Vol. 104, No. 5, pp. 2359–2377, October 2014, doi: 10.1785/0120130287 Magnitude Limits of Subduction Zone Earthquakes by Yufang Rong, David D. Jackson, Harold Magistrale, and Chris Goldfinger Abstract Maximum earthquake magnitude (mx) is a critical parameter in seismic hazard and risk analysis. However, some recent large earthquakes have shown that most of the existing methods for estimating mx are inadequate. Moreover, mx itself is ill-defined because its meaning largely depends on the context, and it usually cannot be inferred using existing data without associating it with a time interval. In this study, we use probable maximum earthquake magnitude within a time period of interest, m T m m T p , to replace x. The term p contains not only the information of magnitude m T limit but also the occurrence rate of the extreme events. -
Earthquakes Back Olympic Penin
Seismicity Rates from GPS and other Deformation Rate Estimates in Washington State Roy Hyndman, Lucinda Leonard & Stephane Mazzotti Geological Survey of Canada, Pacific Geoscience Centre, Sidney, B.C.; SEOS, University of Victoria; Univ. Montpellier, France Forearc crustal earthquakes Back Olympic Penin. Puget Sound arc x x x x x xx x x x x x xx Subduction thrust earthquakes x x Benioff-Wadati x slab earthquakes PGC R.D. Hyndman Pacific Geoscience Centre Geological Survey of Canada Catalogue Seismicity Rates Large event rates based on smaller event rates 10 Are there large events without Puget-Georgia Basin corresponding smaller magnitude 1 ) 1 - seismicity? r M 6 y ( ~50 yrs i.e., "characteristic . q e 0.1 earthquakes"? r f M 7 e v i ~400 yrs Cascadia t a l megathrust u 0.01 m & central Van. Is. m u Mx=7.5 two M7 with little C other seismicity 0.001 7.7 b~0.77 7.3 0.0001 3 4 5 6 7 8 R.D. Hyndman Magnitude PGC Pacific Geoscience Centre Geological Survey of Canada Long-term Crustal Seismicity Rate in Pacific Northwest --Can we estimate the earthquake rate from that required to accommodate deformation rate assuming all seismic? (GPS, paleoseismic fault displacement rates, tectonic models, etc.) (1) Puget Sound, (2) Olympic Penin., (3) E. Washington --Problem of short duration of catalogue seismicity; possibility of large infrequent earthquakes where few smaller ones, i.e., Cascadia megathrust, M7 central Van. Is. events, etc. "characteristic earthquakes"? --also issue of large crustal events in Puget Sound after megathrust as predicted by deformation data PGC R.D. -
Review of National Geothermal Energy Program Phase 2 – Geothermal Potential of the Cordillera
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA OPEN FILE 5906 Review of National Geothermal Energy Program Phase 2 – Geothermal Potential of the Cordillera A. Jessop 2008 Natural Resources Ressources naturelles Canada Canada GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA OPEN FILE 5906 Review of National Geothermal Energy Program Phase 2 – Geothermal Potential of the Cordillera A. Jessop 2008 ©Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada 2008 Available from Geological Survey of Canada 601 Booth Street Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0E8 Jessop, A. 2008: Review of National Geothermal Energy Program; Phase 2 – Geothermal Potential of the Cordillera; Geological Survey of Canada, Open File 5906, 88p. Open files are products that have not gone through the GSC formal publication process. The Meager Cree7 Hot Springs 22 Fe1ruary 1273 CONTENTS REVIEW OF NATIONAL GEOTHERMAL ENERGY PROGRAM PHASE 2 - THE CORDILLERA OF WESTERN CANADA CHAPTER 1 - THE NATURE OF GEOTHERMAL ENERGY INTRODUCTION 1 TYPES OF GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE 2 Vapour-domi ate reservoirs 3 Fluid-domi ated reservoirs 3 Hot dry roc) 3 PHYSICAL QUANTITIES IN THIS REPORT 3 UNITS 4 CHAPTER 2 - THE GEOTHERMAL ENERGY PROGRAMME 6 INTRODUCTION THE GEOTHERMAL ENERGY PROGRAMME 6 Ob.ectives 7 Scie tific base 7 Starti 1 the Geothermal E er1y Pro1ram 8 MA4OR PRO4ECTS 8 Mea1er Mou tai 8 Re1i a 9 ENGINEERING AND ECONOMIC STUDIES 9 GRO6 TH OF OUTSIDE INTEREST 10 THE GEOTHERMAL COMMUNITY 10 Tech ical groups a d symposia 10 ASSESSMENT OF THE RESOURCE 11 i CHAPTER 3 - TECTONIC AND THERMAL STRUCTURE OF THE CORDILLERA 12 TECTONIC HISTORY 12 HEAT FLO6 AND HEAT -
Petroleum Source Rock Potential of Lower to Middle Jurassic Clastics, Intermontane Basins, British Columbia
PETROLEUM SOURCE ROCK POTENTIAL OF LOWER TO MIDDLE JURASSIC CLASTICS, INTERMONTANE BASINS, BRITISH COLUMBIA Filippo Ferri Resource Development and Geoscience Branch, BC Ministry of Energy and Mines, 6th Flr-1810 Blanshard St., Victoria, BC, Canada, V8W 9N3 Kirk Osadetz Geological Survey of Canada: Calgary, 3303 33 St. NW, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2L 2A7 Carol Evenchick Geological Survey of Canada: Pacific, 101-605 Robson St. Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6B 5J3 KEYWORDS: petroleum source rocks, petroleum, crude Subsurface characterization of potential Cretaceous oil, natural gas, Bowser Basin, Quesnel Trough, Nechako and Tertiary petroleum source rocks within the Nechako Basin, Sustut Basin, Intermontane, Interior Basins, area has been documented by Hunt (1992) and Hunt and Canadian Cordillera, Jurassic Bustin (1997). Osadetz et al. (2003) obtained RockEval pyrolytic and total organic content (TOC) data for well cuttings from all bore holes within the Nechako and INTRODUCTION Bowser basins. Evenchick et al. (2003) reported bleeding crude oil from paleomagnetic coring operations in fine The presence of suitable petroleum source rocks is a grained clastics that may be either migrated petroleum or necessary condition for the presence of an effective total residual crude oil stains in potential petroleum source petroleum system which constrains the petroleum rocks. The purpose of the present study was to sample potential of under-explored basins such as those within potential source bed horizons of Early and Middle the Intermontane region of British Columbia (Curiale, Jurassic age in areas where subsurface data is lacking. In 1994). Hayes (2002), in his report on the crude oil and addition, the following brief summary on the extent of natural gas potential of the Nechako area of British potential source bed horizons of this age within certain Columbia, indicated that a major issue for the basin was parts of the Canadian Cordillera inidicates these units are the lack of recognition of a good petroleum source rock potentially regionally distributed.