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Home , Atlantic (1783 ship), Bungaree, Charles Rodius, George Caley, Henry Fulton, HMS Buffalo (1813)

A free exhibition

20 September –– 12 December � 2010 www.sl.nsw.gov.au It is customary for some Indigenous communities not to mention names or reproduce images associated with the recently deceased. Members of these communities are respectfully advised that a number of people mentioned in writing or depicted in images in the following pages have passed away. Users are warned that there may be words and descriptions that might be culturally sensitive and not normally used in certain public or community contexts. In some circumstances, terms and annotations of the period in which a text was written may be considered inappropriate today.

A note on the text State Library of � Macquarie Street NSW 2000 � The spelling of Aboriginal words in historical Telephone (02) 9273 1414 Facsimile (02) 9273 1255 documents is inconsistent, depending on how they Email [email protected] www.sl.nsw.gov.au � were heard, interpreted and recorded by Europeans. Original spelling has been retained in quoted texts, Exhibition opening hours: � 9 am to 8 pm Monday to Thursday, while names and placenames have been standardised. 9 am to 5 pm Friday, 10 am to 5 pm weekends

Mari Nawi: Aboriginal Odysseys 1790–1850 was presented at the State Library of New South Wales from 20 September to 12 December 2010.

Curator: Keith Vincent Smith Aboriginal liaison and consultation: Melissa Jackson, Ronald Briggs Project manager: Lisa Loader Editor: Kathryn Lamberton Graphic designer: Dominic Hon Exhibition designer: Martin Wale Exhibition graphics: Marianne Hawke Preservation project leaders: Agata Rostek-Robak, Anna Brooks Photography/imaging: Sarah Herman, State Library Imaging Services Water photography: Kate Pollard Printer: Pegasus Print Group Paper: Raleigh Paper ecoStar 200 gsm (cover) and 120 gsm (text) is made carbon neutral and the fibre source has been independently certified by the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC). ecoStar is manufactured from 100% post consumer recycled paper in a process chlorine free environment under the ISO 14001 environmental management system.

Print run: 8000 P&D-2864-9/2010

ISBN 0 7313 7204 2 © State Library of New South Wales, August 2010

Cover image based on: Nouvelle-Hollande. Y-Erran-Gou-La-Ga, 1811 Barthelemy Roger after Nicolas-Martin Petit, engraving, F980/P Atlas [1811] plate XIX. Nouvelle-Hollande: Nelle Galles du Sud. Bedgi Bedgi, Barthelemy Roger after Nicolas-Martin Petit, engraving, F980/P. Lewis, 1842, John Rae Pencil and watercolour, DG* D23, f. 1 Inside cover and inside back cover image: Journal (detail), April 1790, C115, p. 400

ii / M A r i n A w i Aboriginal Odysseys 1790–1850 Foreword �

Colonial history tends to be painted in broad Throughout 2010 brushstrokes: the generalised themes of colonisation, we have been exploration, conflict and convicts. Yet it is from the celebrating the minutiae and detail that many of the most fascinating — and often most unexpected — stories emerge. centenary of the Mari Nawi is one of these. Excavated from the rich Mitchell Library, lodes of the Library’s collections, is this previously unknown story of Aboriginal voyagers, who chose to and honouring the engage with Europeans and their ‘big canoes’. reach and relevance Mari Nawi introduces us to real people doing extraordinary things: what courage must 10-year-old of its wonderful orphaned Bundle have had, in 1791, to board a ship collections. Mari Nawi is a testament and sail to ! to their extraordinary power to Yet Bundle’s story would have lain hidden were it not for two things: the Library’s collections, and shed insight into the past, and to Dr Keith Vincent Smith’s forensic sleuthing through help us witness the complexity and them. Keith, the curator of Mari Nawi, has been on the trail of Aboriginal voyagers in this Library, diversity of the Indigenous response and many others, for more than two decades. to colonisation. Indeed, what our This exhibition is testament to his passion to recover our Indigenous histories. collections always remind us is that Exhibitions are always collegiate enterprises, history is never as straightforward and I would very much like to thank the State Library of , the , as we often want it to be. State Records of New South Wales, the National Herbarium of New South Wales, the State Library of Victoria, the National Museum of , the National Library of Australia and the Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery for their generous contributions to Mari Nawi.

reginA Sutton NSW State Librarian & Chief Executive

State Library of New South Wales / iii epic journeys into the unknown

Rather than dying out and fading away, the Mari Nawi: Aboriginal Odysseys Aboriginal people of Sydney and coastal New South 1790–1850 is the first exhibition in Wales are shown to have been resilient, and within the world to document Aboriginal one or two generations many were earning their living in a new kind of salt-water economy. Australia’s colonial maritime history. These journeys recount the courage of 35 men, It provides a new perspective on the women and children as they visited places as exotic as India, , , California, Canada impact of European colonisation on and the South Pacific. We can only imagine the Australia’s first peoples. fantastic campfire yarns they must have told. Curator Keith Vincent Smith has again skilfully threaded together unknown and overlooked sources to tell their stories. Mari Nawi is akin to the story told in our 2006 exhibition, Eora: Mapping Aboriginal Sydney 1770–1850. Eora was extremely popular with Indigenous and non-Indigenous people alike. The collections of the State Library of NSW are full of Indigenous stories waiting to be unearthed. We are pleased to be involved with this particular chapter in the rediscovery of Sydney’s proud Indigenous history.

ronAld briggS And MeliSSA JAckSon Indigenous Services Librarians

iv / M A r i n A w i Aboriginal Odysseys 1790–1850 A voyAge Across time, � plAce And cultures �

Others, like and Bulldog, were Mari Nawi: Aboriginal Odysseys unwilling voyagers who were sent to Norfolk Island 1790–1850 represents an unwritten as Aboriginal convicts in 1805. Musquito was chapter in Australia’s maritime once more, to Van Diemen’s Land () in 1813, and hanged for murder in history. It reveals and celebrates in 1825. the significant role Aboriginal men This exhibition is illustrated with rarely seen portrait, landscape and maritime paintings by and women played in our fledgling English, French and Russian artists and is based on economy. It tells stories of these historical documents including rare books, ships’ musters, logs, journals, despatches, petitions and remarkable people who faced the newspaper ‘Claims and Demands’. Central to the dangers of stormy seas, cruel winds exhibition is the newly-built replica of a full-sized and adverse currents in small, leaky nawi or bark canoe, cut from stringybark and shaped to the specifications noted by observers. vessels. Some were present at the Also exhibited are large model replicas of the flagship establishment of new settlements at HMS Sirius and the storeship HMS Supply, kindly lent by the Powerhouse Museum. Newcastle, Hobart, , This material explains in part what happened to King George Sound (Albany) the displaced Aboriginal clans following the establishment of the convict colony at and . Some survived and the devastating impact of the smallpox epidemic shipwreck or were marooned for that killed hundreds in April–May 1789. Aboriginal mariners crossed conventional social years without rations on isolated boundaries. Aboard ship all members of the crew islands, forced to live on fish, seals, worked, ate, slept, talked, smoked and drank together salty penguins and mutton-birds. and learned something of each other’s languages and customs. In later years some achieved the status of Some participated as sealers and leaders of their people and a few were officially whalers in the first lucrative export created ‘chiefs’ and given fishing boats, land grants and metal gorgets. industries. The seagoing legacy has been inherited by current generations: Aboriginal people continue as mariners today, with many serving in the Australian Navy, as they did in World War II.

keith Vincent SMith 2010

HISTORIAN AND CuRATOR KEITH VINCENT SMITH WAS CO-CuRATOR (WITH ANTHONy BOuRKE) OF THE STATE LIBRARy’S 2006 EXHIBITION, EORA: MAppiNG ABORiGiNAL SYdNEY 1770–1850. HIS NEW BOOK, MARi NAWi: ABORiGiNAL OdYSSEYS, AVAILABLE AT THE LIBRARy SHOP, INCLuDES BIOGRAPHIES OF THE ABORIGINAL MARINERS IN THIS EXHIBITION.

State Library of New South Wales / 1 sAiling into history �

Theirs was a canoe culture and the The first sailing ships that entered waters of were their true the world of the Indigenous people highways. The English ships would of Bay and Port Jackson change their lives forever. After a voyage of eight months from caused fear and wonder. They in England, HMS Sirius, the thought the ships were giant birds, storeship Supply and a fleet of convict transport ships anchored in Warrane monsters or floating islands and that (Sydney Cove) on 26 January 1788. Skilled the figures climbing the masts were at using watercraft, the Aboriginal people soon adapted to the reality of the devils or possums. occupation of their land. With remarkable resilience, they became guides, go- betweens, boatmen, sailors, sealers, whalers, steersmen, pilots and trackers, valued for their practical skills and knowledge. Bundle (Bondel), a 10-year-old orphan, whose father had been killed in battle and whose mother was bitten in half by a shark, attached himself to Captain William Hill of the and went to live in Hill’s thatched

2 / M A r i n A w i Aboriginal Odysseys 1790–1850 A viEW Of SYdNEY ON cottage by the Tank Stream. When Hill was ordered Australians to sail to destinations around NORfOLk iSLANd (DETAIL) to the convict settlement at Norfolk Island in 1791, the continent and throughout the world. 1805, (B. 1771) WATERCOLOuR Bundle, wrote Marine Captain Watkin Tench, Within a decade, these seafarers had made V8/NORF IS/1 embarked with him ‘at his own earnest request’. epic journeys: and Lieutenant William Bradley said Bundle was Yemmerrawanne to England, Gnung-a ‘much pleas’d at the Idea of a Voyage, he is the first Gnung-a Murremurgan (Collins) across who has had confidence & Courage enough to go the Pacific to Nootka Sound to Sea’. (Vancouver), the Californian coast and HM storeship Supply left Port Jackson on Hawaii, and Tom Rowley to Calcutta, 22 March 1791 and anchored at Norfolk Island on Madras and Gowers Harbour in 6 April 1791. When the ship returned to Sydney on New Ireland. 30 May without Bundle, his Aboriginal friends Bennelong was eager to go to Norfolk ‘inquired eagerly for him’, wrote Tench, and many of Island in Bundle’s wake. He sailed with them wanted to go there to fish and hunt the plentiful the island’s lieutenant commander Philip mutton birds. Bundle came home on 8 September Gidley King aboard HMS Atlantic on 1791 aboard the 298-ton convict transport Mary Ann, 26 October 1791 and probably returned whose master, Mark Monroe, usually hunted for on the transport Queen, which reached whales off Greenland. It was perhaps through Sydney on 5 December 1791. In 1795 Monroe’s influence that Bundle became a sealer Nanbarry, nephew of the Cadigal leader and sailor. Colebee, signed on as a sailor aboard Bundle was the first Aboriginal Australian to sail HMS Reliance, making regular trips to through the Heads of Port Jackson and beyond the and from Norfolk Island. horizon. He was the forerunner of generations of

State Library of New South Wales / 3 The title of this exhibition is drawn from the language spoken by the Indigenous coastal clans of the Sydney area, who called themselves Eora, meaning ‘people’. Mari nawi � is a phonetic transcription of words recorded in Sydney in April 1790 by Naval Lieutenant Philip Gidley King. Conscious of the relationship between their canoes and the First Fleet ships, the Eora named the largest vessel, the 20-gun HMS Sirius (540 tons), Murray Nowey (mari nawi) or ‘large canoe’, and the smallest, the eight-gun brig HMS Supply � (168 tons), Narrong Nowey (narang nawi) or ‘small canoe’. �

4 / M A r i n A w i Aboriginal Odysseys 1790–1850 Big cAnoes �

When the First Fleet ships entered on 19–20 January 1788, an anonymous officer wrote in a report published in in 1789: The natives, alarmed, ran along the beach in seeming great terror, and made much confused noise; they seemed very frightened, so much so that they took their canoes out of the water upon their backs and ran off with them into the country, together with their fishing tackle and children. �

For countless generations the Eora Finished canoes were shallow, 3 m to (Sydney coastal clans) depended on fish 4 m long and about 1 m wide. A small fire and seafood for their existence. Salt water, burned in the middle of the canoe, which as much as the bush, was their natural was propelled by two paddles (narewang). habitat and their bark canoes (nawi), Inland, at the Hawkesbury and Nepean fishing spears used by the men, and Rivers, canoes ‘differed in no wise [sic] handlines and lures of the women from those found on the seacoast’, wrote were their most precious possessions. Marine Captain Watkin Tench. The full-sized replica of an Aboriginal By 1804 some Aboriginal men and nawi from the Sydney area has been women had made the transition from constructed in traditional style from a their nawi to English sailing ships. single sheet cut from the inner bark of the Both kinds of watercraft coexisted in stringybark gum ( obliqua) and Sydney Cove until the 1830s, as in the shaped over a fire. The ends have been watercolour, Bennelong Point from bunched and tied with bark cord and the Dawes Point, attributed to John Eyre sides are held apart with wooden spacers. (pages 10 and 11).

REPLICA OF A TRADITIONAL ABORIGINAL NAWi OR BARK CANOE, 2010 BuILT By JAMES DODD STRINGyBARK

State Library of New South Wales / 5 colonists �

Aboriginal men accompanied the first ships taking colonists to establish new settlements. Their skills in bushcraft, finding water, fishing, hunting birds and , and tracking escaped convicts were invaluable.

Salamander, who took his name from the convict transport Salamander, was the first mainland Aboriginal person known to visit Tasmania since the end of the last great Ice Age, 12,000 years ago. His name appears in a list of ‘Persons Victualled on Full Allowance’ at the short-lived settlement at Sullivan Bay, Port Phillip (now Portsea, Victoria), established by David Collins in 1804. Salamander then sailed aboard HM Brig Lady Nelson to on the Derwent River in Van Diemen’s Land, the site of Hobart. Nunberri (Nambré), from Numba on the south shore of the Shoalhaven River, Captain Francis Allman was called Charcoal by Alexander Berry, of the 48th Regiment took who established ‘Coolangatta’ farm near three Aboriginal men to Nowra. ‘Charcoal was my regular Port Macquarie as ‘bush boatman’, wrote Berry, who in June 1822 constables’. Their task was appointed the young Aboriginal man to track and capture escaped BOARdMAN, LAkE MAcquARiE TRiBE, C. 1836 ‘mate’ of his cutter Blanch. convicts at the new penal POSSIBLy By WILLIAM HENRy FERNyHOuGH colony. Mongoul (also called PENCIL, DL PX47, F. 8 Bob Barratt and Port Stephens RIGHT: NuNBERRi. cHiEf Of THE NuNNERAHS, Robert), Biriban (Johnny N. S. WALES, 1834 McGill) and Boardman LITHOGRAPH (Boatman and Jemmy Jackass) PXA 615, F. 16 sailed with Allman aboard the colonial schooner Prince Regent, which anchored in Port Macquarie on 17 April 1821.

6 / M A r i n A w i Aboriginal Odysseys 1790–1850 THE LAdY NELSON – BRiG, Biriban was born about 1800 at 6 GuNS … C. 1820S, ARTIST Bahtahbah (now Belmont) into the uNKNOWN, OIL, ML 86 LEfT: Bi-RA-BáN. M’GiLL Hunter River–Lake Macquarie language ALFRED T AGATE LITHOGRAPH, A kEY TO group. He acquired his English name from THE STRucTuRE Of THE Captain John Mander Gill, who brought ABORiGiNAL LANGuAGE SyDNEy, 1850, DSM/499.611A3 him up at the Military Barracks in Sydney, FRONTISPIECE and took his totem name Biriban (Eaglehawk) at his initiation in 1826. Biriban is best known as the language informant of the Reverend Lancelot Threlkeld, a Congregational minister, who in 1824 established a mission for the Aboriginal people at ‘Ebenezer’ (Toronto) on Lake Macquarie.

State Library of New South Wales / 7 8 / M A r i n A w i Aboriginal Odysseys 1790–1850 eXplorers �

In 1801 took part in the establishment of a penal settlement at the Hunter River (Newcastle) and in May 1804 escorted six local men returning from Sydney in the ship Resource. Marine Lieutenant Charles Menzies valued Bungaree’s help in capturing runaway convicts, calling him ‘the most Intelligent of that race I have as yet Seen’. In October, however, Menzies reported that convicts had taken revenge by killing Bungaree’s father ‘in the most brutal manner’.

Specimens of eucalyptus leaves, who labelled them ‘Got by Dan’. Moowattin gumnuts and flowers collected more than accompanied Caley in 1805–06 to Norfolk Island and 200 years ago by Daniel Moowattin have Van Diemen’s Land (Tasmania). In 1810 he sailed been lent by the National Herbarium of with Caley on HMS Hindostan and spent one year New South Wales. Daniel, an orphan from in London, frequenting pubs and coffee houses. , was the third Aboriginal Daniel returned to Sydney but, at the age of 25, Australian to visit England. He collected was convicted of rape and became the first Aboriginal plants for , the Yorkshire person to be legally hanged in Australia. botanist employed by Sir , Bungaree’s eldest son, Bowen, helped to explore with in the cutter Mermaid in 1823. With five other men, Bowen, then aged about 50, sailed to San Francisco at the start of the California Gold Rush in 1849. In 1849 Charles Rodius sketched Galmarra (Jackey Jackey) from Patrick Plains near Singleton, one of three survivors of an ill-fated expedition to . Galmarra returned to Sydney on the schooner Ariel after surveyor and explorer Edmund Kennedy was speared to death by local Aboriginal people and died in his arms. Colonial society was gripped by the story of the courageous and faithful Jackey, who stayed with Kennedy to the last. He was rewarded with £10 and an elaborately engraved silver breastplate. Galmarra died in 1854. OPPOSITE: MOOWATTiN cREEk AND THE cATARAcT Of cARRuNG-GuRRiNG, 1814 DETAIL FROM cHART Of TERRA AuSTRALiS, EAST COAST, 1 JANuARy 1814 FROM A vOYAGE TO TERRA AuSTRALiS, LONDON, 1814 X919.4042/1 ATLAS, PLATE 8 LEFT: JAckY JAckY [GALMARRA]. ExpEdiTiON Of kENNEdY, MARcH 16TH 1849, CHARLES RODIuS LITHOGRAPH, PXA 615, F. 38 INSET: JAckEY JAckEY [GALMARRA], C. 1851, SILVER BREASTPLATE PRESENTED By HIS EXCELLENCy SIR CHARLES AuGuSTuS FITzROy KB, GOVERNOR OF NEW SOuTH WALES TO JACKEy JACKEy, C. 1851 MADE By BRuSH AND MACDONNEL, SyDNEy, R 453

State Library of New South Wales / 9 10 / M A r i n A w i Aboriginal Odysseys 1790–1850 BENNELONG POINT FROM DAWES POINT, C. 1804 ATTRIBuTED TO JOHN EyRE WATERCOLOuR ON CARD V1/1810/1

State Library of New South Wales / 11 GARdEN cOvE, MAcquARiE iSLANd, 1820, IVAN PAVLOVITCH FRIDRITS seAlers And whAlers AFTER PAVEL NIKOLAEVICH MIKHAILOV, LITHOGRAPH, FROM FADDEI FADDEEVICH BELLINGSHAuSEN, ATLAS k puTESHESTviiu kApiTANE BELLiNGSGAuzENA … ST PETERSBuRG, 1831 F980/3A1, PLATE 58 Sealing, using small ships and local crews, was the first lucrative export trade in colonial Australia. Fur pelts and skins for shoes, hats and clothing had a ready market in Europe and China. Seal oil was odourless and burned with a bright flame.

Colonies of fur and elephant seals return to Sydney, where he addressed a inhabited the islands and rock ledges of petition to Governor , , which became the first claiming he had spent ‘Two years in the destination for sealing gangs. Aboriginal employ of Mr. Jas. Underwood at sealers, among them Bidgee Bidgee, Macquarie Island and did double duty to a Bundle, Pigeon (Warroba) and Potter, White man’. Underwood was ordered to with Karingy (Captain), Colebee and Jack pay him £10 in goods and money. Richmond from the Hawkesbury River, Commercial whaling began in 1791 received their small share of the profits, when ships of the Third Fleet landed their often paid in rations, clothing and liquor. stores and convict cargo in Sydney and In 1810 Boatswain Maroot, from the became whaleboats. They were seeking north shore of Botany Bay, was one of the toothed sperm whales for spermaceti and first sealers put ashore at Macquarie oil, used to fuel lamps and make candles Island in the sub-Antarctic ocean, where and soap, and toothless baleen whales for he was stranded for 18 months without whalebone. food rations. Maroot stowed away to

12 / M A r i n A w i Aboriginal Odysseys 1790–1850 ‘I went out whaling five or six voyages,’ Boatswain Maroot told Dr JD Lang in 1845, adding that it was ‘dirty work, and hard work’. His shipmates on the brig Mercury in 1822 were Bulgabra and ‘William’ or Willamannan (Budgerygoory), two brothers from Port Hacking, and ‘Tommy’ (Chaseland) from the RIGHT: WiLLiAM MiNAM —WALAMATA pORT AiTkEN, Hawkesbury River, who became the most celebrated C. 1843–1849, ARTIST whale harpooner in ’s South Island. uNKNOWN, PENCIL FROM pORTRAiTS Of THE ABORiGiNES Of NEW SOuTH WALES, SyDNEy, 1843 PXA 74, F. 1 NATivE cARviNGS, LA pEROuSE [WHALE] (DETAIL), C. 1891, WILLIAM DuGALD CAMPBELL, PENCIL PXD 223/5 BELOW: NATivES Of NEW SOuTH WALES BiddY SALAMANdER Of THE BROkEN BAY TRiBE (LEFT), BALkABRA cHiEf Of BOTANY (CENTRE), GOOSEBERRY quEEN Of BuNGAREE (RIGHT) CHARLES RODIuS WATERCOLOuR, PXA 615, F. 6

State Library of New South Wales / 13 eXiles �

Some Aboriginal men were unwilling voyagers. Given up to the authorities by allies of Tedbury, son of the Bidjigal leader, , Musquito and Bulldog were gaoled in Parramatta and sent aboard HMS Buffalo as prisoners to Norfolk Island in 1805 by Governor Philip Gidley King, who advised Captain John Piper that the Aboriginal convicts should be put to labour, but ‘victualled from the Stores’. Musquito’s brother, Philip, a free man, was also listed on the ship’s muster.

NOuvELLE-HOLLANdE. Y-ERRAN-GOu-LA-GA, 1811 The portrait of ‘Y-Erran-Gou-La-Ga’, been confused with ‘Musketer’, a BARTHELEMy ROGER AFTER from the Atlas in François Péron’s Voyage Kameygal man from the north shore of NICOLAS-MARTIN PETIT ENGRAVING, FROM de découvertes aux terres Australes ( Botany Bay who was speared and killed at FRANçOIS PéRON, vOYAGE dE décOuvERTES 1811) was engraved from a sketch made by The Rocks in January 1806. Aux TERRES AuSTRALES PARIS: DE L’IMPRIMERIE the artist, Nicolas-Martin Petit, in Sydney Musquito was transported to Van IMPERIALE, 1811 F980/P ATLAS [1811] in 1802, captioned in pencil mousquéda ou Diemen’s Land in 1813. After leading PLATE XIX mousquita. Petit’s caption for ‘Our-ou- rebellious Palawa (Tasmanian Aboriginal mare, dit Bulldog par les Anglais’ was peoples) in attacks against settlers, he was Toulgra (Bouldogue). These are the men captured and hanged in Hobart in 1825. we know as Musquito and Bulldog. At the age of five, Tristan Maamby In his table of Aboriginal men tested visited Norfolk Island with the Reverend for strength with a device called a . In 1807 he ran away at Dynamometer, Péron lists No. 2 ‘Toul-gra, Rio de Janeiro rather than accompany the dit Bouldog’, who is clearly not the same Marsdens to England. After seven years of person as No. 7 ‘Ou-rou-Maré’. Such exile, Tristan returned to Sydney with errors occurred because Petit and Péron Captain John Piper in 1814, but died soon died before 1810. Mousquéda has also after landing.

14 / M A r i n A w i Aboriginal Odysseys 1790–1850 rovers �

LEFT: JOHNNY cROOk, NAT RIGHT: JAckY STuART, NAME JANENB [—?] iLLA SHOALHAvEN, C. 1844 The ‘Port Jackson’ headman named Maccah [], POSSIBLy By CHARLES RODIuS Aboriginal man was Pigeon, (Lewis) and Jacky Stewart TG WAINEWRIGHT CHARCOAL, pORTRAiTS WATERCOLOuR, DG P2/18 Of NEW SOuTH WALES who really came from the (Gillang), who during 1832–33 MIDDLE: LEWiS [LEWIS PXA 1005/4 MACCAH], 1842, JOHN RAE Shoalhaven River near Nowra, assisted the self-styled PENCIL AND WATERCOLOuR but was known in Sydney in ‘Conciliator’ George Augustus pORTRAiTS Of AuSTRALiAN ABORiGiNES, DG* D23, F. 1 1806 and began sealing in 1811. Robinson to bring in ‘wild In late December 1826, Pigeon natives’ from the Tarkine in acted as a mediator between Tasmania’s north-west. the Mineng people at King Five of the so-called ‘Sydney George Sound and the newly natives’ crossed Bass Strait Sailors on the French arrived commandant Major with Batman in the ship corvette Astrolabe sighted Edmund Lockyer and was Rebecca, where in June 1835 rewarded with rations. they brokered meetings with two boats manned by Soon after, Pigeon became Kulin elders at Port Phillip sealers as the ship entered the leader of a group of that resulted in Batman’s King George Sound (now Aboriginal adventurers, Treaty, the unauthorised mainly from the Shoalhaven, ‘purchase’ of a vast tract of Albany, ) in who sailed through Sydney to land covering the present October 1826. ‘I learned that Van Diemen’s Land cities of Melbourne and (Tasmania) to join settler John . the second boat was manned Batman. Batman (born at Pigeon, Joe the Marine, by five Englishmen and an Parramatta) first employed Bullet, Bungett and Old Bull Pigeon and Janenbaya (possibly Bulldog) were in Australian aborigine from (Johnny Crook) in 1829 in Batman’s camp at Indented Port Jackson, all coming from ‘roving parties’ helping to Head (near Geelong, Victoria) track and capture the Palawa. when the escaped convict, the schooner Hunter’, wrote In 1831 the two men recruited William Buckley, came in after Jules Dumont d’Urville, 11 mainlanders, including living among the Wathaurong the ship’s commander. Pigeon’s brother, a Shoalhaven people for 32 years.

State Library of New South Wales / 15 mAster muster �

Bondel Tom Rowley HMS Supply Britannia Norfolk Island, 1791 Calcutta – Madras – Gower’s Harbour, Bondel New Ireland – Port Jackson, Whaler Mary Ann 1795-96 � Norfolk Island – Port Jackson, 1791 Tristam Maamby, aged five Bennelong Fancy HMS Atlantic Norfolk Island, 1795 This list records the names Norfolk Island, 1791 of 80 Aboriginal voyagers who Bennelong sailed on 123 voyages through ‘A native that has been HMS Supply civilised’ Norfolk Island, 1796 Port Jackson (Sydney), HMS Supply together with dates, vessels Portsmouth, 1792 Nanbarry, Wingal & Bongary and destinations, in the period ‘Three natives’ HMS Reliance 1790–1850. HMS Atlantic Norfolk Island, 1798 Norfolk Island, 1792 In effect, it is an honour roll of mostly unknown Nanbarry & Bundle Aboriginal men and women from the Sydney region Bennelong & HMS Reliance who, though born into a canoe culture, went to sea in Yemmerrawanne Norfolk Island, 1799 English sailing ships, often to strange and distant HMS Atlantic lands. Through this muster their names are rescued Rio de Janeiro – Falmouth, Bungaree from time and restored to history. Cornwall, 1792-93 Sloop Norfolk Details appear as they are recorded in surviving Hervey Bay – Moreton Bay sources, including ships’ musters and logs, journals, ‘Five female natives of – Port Jackson, 1799 letters, official documents, despatches, petitions, Botany Bay’ newspaper reports and published books, housed in East Indiaman Pitt Bungaree the Mitchell and Dixson libraries at the Calcutta, 1792 Lady Nelson State Library of New South Wales, Sydney, and at Hunter’s River, 1801 State Records New South Wales and the National Gnung-a Gnung-a Archives, Kew. Murremurgan Worogan and Yeranabie On British ships the Master was HM storeship Daedalus Lady Nelson required to record the names and details of each Norfolk Island – Hawaii – Jervis Bay – Bass Strait – member of the crew. Entries written on rolls or in Nootka Sound, Vancouver – , 1801 muster books typically included the ship’s name and Santa Barbara – San Diego its ‘burden’ (the weight of cargo), the names of each – Hawaii – Port Jackson, Nanbarry crew member, date and place of their birth, and the 1793-94 HMS Investigator/ ship’s departure and destination port. The Master Lady Nelson and the Captain signed these musters. Bennelong’s sister & Cumberland Island, Dockyard clerks in Sydney also kept records Yemmerrawanne’s wife Great Barrier Reef – of the names and origins of crew on ships entering HM storeship Daedalus Port Jackson, 1802 or leaving the port. Norfolk Island, 1794 Names of crew were often contained in ‘Claims Bungaree and Demands’ notices in newspapers like the Sydney Bennelong HMS Investigator Gazette, advising that outstanding debts should be HMS Reliance � Circumnavigating Australia collected before a ship left port. Chatham – Spithead – with Matthew Flinders Aboriginal seafarers’ details were not always Rio de Janeiro – – Fraser Island – Groote included on musters and they might appear simply Port Jackson, 1795 � Eylandt – Timor – as ‘Native’, although several, like Bennelong and Port Jackson, 1802-03 Bungaree, were listed as supernumaries, that is, passengers not included in the crew, but provided with victuals (food rations).

16 / M A r i n A w i Aboriginal Odysseys 1790–1850 John Salamander Boatswain Maroot Philip, Jemmy and Boongaree Lady Nelson Sydney Cove Scotchman HM Cutter Mermaid Sullivan Cove, Port Phillip, Macquarie Island, 1810 Brig Active Survey of North West 1804 Hobart Town – Whaling in Australia with Phillip Port Phillip – Sullivan Cove, Daniel Moowattin Bass Strait – Hobart, 1813 Parker King – Twofold Bay Hobart – Port Jackson, 1804 HMS frigate Hindostan – King George’s Sound – Rio de Janeiro – Spithead – Tristan Maamby, aged 22 Coupang (Timor) – Bongaru and ‘six natives’ Woolwich, 1810 Convict transport Port Jackson, 1817-18 Cutter Resource General Hewitt Hunter’s River, 1804 Boatswain Maroot Rio de Janeiro – Dual Brig Concord Port Jackson, 1813 Schooner Sindbad Mongoul Stranded on Macquarie Port Dalrymple – Sloop Contest Island – Port Jackson, 1811 ‘Jack, a native’ Port Jackson, 1818 Port Dalrymple – Twofold Schooner Henrietta Packet Bay, 1804 Pigeon, Potter & Jack Hobart Town, 1813 Thos Chaseland Brig Mary and Sally King George James Bath Macquarie and Campbell Phillip Marquesas Islands for Crewing a ‘small Islands, 1811 Colonial brig sandalwood and pork – Hawkesbury vessel’ Port Dalrymple, 1814-15 Port Jackson, 1818 Hawkesbury River, ‘Tommy, a native boy’ 1799-1804 Schooner Endeavour � Unknown ‘native’ Coalbee, Jack Richmond Norfolk Island – Tahiti – Unknown vessel & Tom Musquito, Bulldog Moorea – Bora Bora – Meets Von Blücher in Brig Glory & Philip Norfolk Island – London, 1814 Hawkesbury River – HMS Buffalo Port Jackson, 1811 � Bass Strait – Norfolk Island, 1805 Thos. Chaseland (native) Kangaroo Island, 1819 Unidentified castaway Brig Campbell Macquarie Daniel Brig Perseverance Batavia (Jakarta) – Calcutta Tom from the Branch, HMS Buffalo Castaway on Solander – Port Jackson, 1815 Jack & Tamarine Norfolk Island – Island, New Zealand – Brig Endeavour Port Dalrymple, Tasmania Stewart Island – Bundell Bass Strait – Kangaroo – Bass Strait – Port Jackson, Port Jackson, 1809-1813 Brig Rosetta Island – Port Jackson, 1819 1805 Hawkesbury River – Daniel Moowattin Port Jackson – ‘Thos Chaselin’ Willamannan Mary Kangaroo Island, 1816 Brig Governor Macquarie � Sloop Raven Portsmouth – Port Dalrymple – Jervis Bay, 1805 Rio de Janeiro – Dual New Zealand – Tahiti – Port Jackson, 1811-12 � Colonial brig Kangaroo Hobart – Port Dalrymple, Jack Port Dalrymple, 1816 1819 � Sloop Nancy Cowpastures Bundle Bass Strait – Jervis Bay – Lady Nelson Thomas Chaseling Thomas Chaseland Port Jackson, 1805 Jervis Bay – Overland Brig Jupiter Brig Queen Charlotte to Shoalhaven River – Twofold Bay – Port Jackson Port Dalrymple, 1820 Tristan Maamby, aged 17 Lake Illawarra – Appin, 1812 – Hobart – Port Jackson, HMS Buffalo 1816-17 Thos Chaseland Rio de Janeiro, 1807 Mosquetto Brig Glory Minstrel ‘Black Mary’ Port Dalrymple – Sealing, Black Jemmy Norfolk Island – Ship Pilot 1820-21 Sloop Marcia Port Dalrymple, 1813 Hobart Town – Fiji, 1808 Port Jackson, 1817 Biriban, Boardman Bundle & Bob Barratt Bidgy Bidgy, Bundle, Brig Mary and Sally Lady Nelson Bull Dog & Bloody Jack , Bass Strait, Port Macquarie, 1821 Unknown vessels 1813 Bass Strait – Sealing, c. 1809

State Library of New South Wales / 17 Bundle Aboriginal woman Tom Chaseland Charley Fisher, HMS Bathurst and child Schooner Industry Harry Brown and Jerry Circumnavigates Australia American brig Stewart Island, Schooner Heroine – Port Louis, – General Gates New Zealand Port Essington – Gulf of with , Kangaroo Island – (shipwrecked), 1831 Carpentaria – Port Jackson, 1821-22 Marooned eight months on 1846 Moggy or Mokinui Island, William William Thomas Derwent off South Cape of Schooner Henry Jackey Jackey Ship Medway New Zealand, 1823 Kangaroo Island – Barque Tam O’Shanter Hobart – Port Jackson – Launceston, 1833 Rockingham Bay, Calcutta, 1821-22 ‘Black native woman Cape York, 1848 with a child’ ‘Six black natives Boatswain, Bulgabraa, Schooner Samuel of the colony’ Bowen Bungaree Jem & Tommy Moggy Island, New Zealand Schooner Ellen Brig William Hill Brig Mercury – Port Jackson, 1824 Hobart Town – San Francisco – Tahiti – Whaling in New Zealand Port Jackson, 1833 Port Jackson, 1849 waters – Port Jackson, 1822 Tom Chaseland Brig Nereus Sam and Mackie Dick, Cranky, Bill Boatswain, Bulgabra, Hobart – Sealing in Barque Norval and Callaghan William & Tommy New Zealand waters – Launceston – Port Phillip, Brig William Hill � Brig Mercury Port Jackson, 1824-25 1835 Tanna, Vanuatu – Second whaling voyage – San Francisco – Tahiti – Port Jackson, 1822 Sinbad & Crosely ‘Six Aborigines in charge Port Jackson, 1849 � AA Company ship Balberook of a constable’ Thos Chaseland Port Stephens – Schooner Sarah Jackey Jackey St. Michael Port Jackson, 1825-26 Port Phillip – Port Jackson, Schooner Ariel Bay of Islands, New Zealand 1838 Weymouth Bay, Cape York – Tongatabu, Friendly Isles McQuarie & Cooribah – Port Jackson, 1849 (Tonga) – Port Jackson, Cutter Lambton Tom Chaseland 1822 Port Stephens – Magnet Jackey Jackey Port Jackson, 1826 Ruapuke Island – Brig Freak Nunberri Waikouaiti, New Zealand, Cape York – Port Jackson, Cutter Blanche John Darling 1840 1849 Shoalhaven River, 1822 Schooner Darling Launceston – Port Jackson, King Toby the first, ‘Native of Port Fairie’ Nunberri, Wajin, Yager, 1826 King of Nullica Schooner Ariel Broughton Steamer Seahorse Port Fairy – Port Jackson, Cutter Blanche Tom Chaseland Launceston – Hobart – 1849 Shoalhaven River – Brig Glory Port Phillip – Twofold Bay, Port Jackson, 1822 Chatham Islands 1843 Jacky Small, Davy, Sandy (shipwrecked) – Whaleboat and Jemmy Captain to Otago, New Zealand, 1827 King Toby and seven Barque Elizabeth Archer Brig Elizabeth others Pitcairn Island – Sealing in New Zealand Pigeon Benjamin Boyd’s yacht San Francisco, 1849 waters – Port Jackson, Schooner Hunter Wanderer c. 1822-24 and whaleboat Twofold Bay – Port Jackson, ‘Four Aboriginal natives’ Kangaroo Island – 1844 Barque Reaper Bowen King George Sound Auckland – San Francisco, HMS Mermaid (Albany), 1827 ‘Two Aboriginals’ 1850 Moreton Bay – Steamship Sovereign Port Jackson, 1823 Fanny Moreton Bay (Brisbane) Brig Amity 1844 Tom ‘Chaisland’ King George Sound St. Michael (Albany) – Hobart – Bay of Islands – Tonga – Port Jackson, 1827 Port Jackson, 1823

18 / M A r i n A w i Aboriginal Odysseys 1790–1850 Bundle And BungAree �

FAR LEFT: HiS MAJESTY’S cuTTER MERMAid, 1817 PHILLIP PARKER KING, INK FROM PHILLIP PARKER KING ALBuM Of dRAWiNGS ANd ENGRAviNGS, 1802–1902 PXC 767, F. 85 LEFT: BOON-GA-REE ABORiGiNAL Of NEW SO. WALES WHO AccOMpANiEd ME ON MY fiRST vOYAGE TO THE N. W. cOAST, 1819 PHILLIP PARKER KING, INK AND WATERCOLOuR FROM PHILLIP PARKER KING ALBuM Of dRAWiNGS ANd ENGRAviNGS, 1802–1902 PXC 767, F. 48

and visited Mauritius aboard the survey ship The first known voyage of the HMS Bathurst, commanded by Phillip Parker King. Broken Bay leader Bungaree In a letter to his father, written from Sydney on was on HMS Reliance, when 6 June 1821, master’s mate praised Bundle to the detriment of the older he left Sydney Cove on 29 mariner Bungaree: May 1798 for Norfolk Island We have got a native Port Jackson black on board … his name is Bundle: he is a more useful man than any with Nanbarry and Wingal. Australian black I have seen, having sailed on board In 1799 Matthew Flinders took Bungaree with him several whalers and other vessels on this coast; and on the sloop Norfolk to survey Hervey Bay, adjoining although one of his eyes has been knocked out or in Fraser Island. Sailing again with Flinders on HMS with a spear, his sight is excellent, like all other Investigator in 1801–02, Bungaree visited Timor and Australians. Bongaree, the Chief of the Broken Bay became the first Australian to circumnavigate the tribe was the man who accompanied us on our first continent. In 1817 he joined Phillip Parker King in a voyage, and was to have sailed with us both on our mapping expedition to north-western Australia present and last voyages; but his resolution forsook aboard the snub-nosed cutter Mermaid. him when the time of embarkation arrived, and we In October 1799 Bundle embarked with Nanbarry were by no means disappointed when we found that on HMS Reliance for Norfolk Island. He worked he had secreted himself in the Woods: Bundle is in sealing gangs in Bass Strait on the Mary and Sally preferable to him, is about 40 years of age, 5 feet 9 in 1813 and at Kangaroo Island on the brig Rosetta or 10 inches high, and being now rigged out with in 1816. a red cap, red shirt, and pair of white trowsers, In December 2009 the State Library of New South is a perfect dandy. Wales acquired a collection of letters written by naval Bathurst sailed from Mauritius, reaching Oyster officer John Septimus Roe. They confirm that in 1821 Bay in King George Sound (Albany) on 6 January Bundle, then aged 30, circumnavigated Australia 1822 and dropped anchor in Sydney on 24 April 1822.

State Library of New South Wales / 19 BArrABu-lA BArrA mA … �

This rediscovered musical score documents the first Australian Aboriginal song heard in Europe. The year is 1793. In a town house in Georgian London two Aboriginal men, dressed in fashionable Regency clothing, sing a song in their own language ‘in praise of their Lovers’. Their voices rise above the beat of the two hardwood sticks they clap together to maintain the rhythm. They wear breeches, buckled shoes, ruffled shirts and spotted waistcoats. The singers, Bennelong and his young kinsman Yemmerrawanne, were far from their Wangal homeland on the south bank of the Parramatta River in Sydney. They lodged at the home of William Waterhouse at 125 Mount Street, Mayfair, near Berkeley Square. The words and music were written down by Edward Jones (1752–1824) ‘from the Singing of BENELONG, and YAM- ROWENY, the two Chiefs who were brought to England some years ago, from Botany Bay, by Governor Phillips’ [sic]. Jones, a Welsh harpist and bard to the Prince of Wales (later George IV), lived at 122 Mount Street. Musique des naturels (Music of the natives), including the chant of cou-he (coo-ee: ‘come’ or ‘come here’), was collected and set to music by the French ABOVE RIGHT: BANALONG astronomer Pierre-François Bernier [BENNELONG], C. 1793, WW [WILLIAM WATERHOuSE] in 1802 but was not published until the PEN AND INK WASH DGB 10, F. 13 second edition of the Atlas in François ABOVE: A SONG Of THE Péron’s Voyage (Paris 1824). This was NATivES Of NEW SOuTH WALES … FROM EDWARD previously thought to be the first JONES, MuSicAL cuRiOSiTiES … 1811 European attempt to record (REPRODuCTION), BRITISH LIBRARy, LONDON, R.M.13.F. 5 Aboriginal music.

20 / M A r i n A w i Aboriginal Odysseys 1790–1850 item list �

1 � 9 18 27 Replica of a traditional Aboriginal Abbarroo [Boorong] a moobee af.r Nanberry, a Native Boy of Port Salmanda [Salamander], 1820 (detail) nawi or bark canoe, 2010 � Balloderrees funeral, 1790 Jackson, living with Mr. White – Pavel Nikolaevich Mikhailov Built by James Dodd � ‘’ (fl. 1788–1792) the Surgn Genl (1786–1840) Stringybark Ink and watercolour (reproduction) (1769–1797) � Pencil and sanguine (reproduction) Natural History Museum, London Ink and watercolour (reproduction) � Russian State Museum 2 � Watling Drawing — no. 45 Natural History Museum, London � Image courtesy of Longueville Bennelong Point from Dawes Point, Raper Drawing — no. 3 � Publications c. 1804 10 R29209/207 Attributed to John Eyre (b. 1771) Journal of PG King, April 1790 19 � Watercolour on card Philip Gidley King (1758–1808) Port Jackson for Norfolk Island, 1799 � 28 V1/1810/1 Acquired from Francis Edwards, 1898 HMS Reliance Muster, 30 October View of Sullivan Cove [Sullivans Cove, C115, p. 408 1799 (reproduction) � Van Diemen’s Land, with Ocean at 3 � The National Archives, London left], 1804 Balloderree [Ballooderry] � 11 ADM 36/13399 � Possibly by George William Evans ‘Port Jackson Painter’ (fl. 1788–1792) The Melancholy Loss of His Majesty’s (1780–1852) Ink and watercolour (reproduction) � Ship Sirius Wreck’d on Norfolk Island 20 � Watercolour Natural History Museum, London � on Friday Noon March 19th 1790 ‘No white woman will have me …’, SV6B/Sull C/1 Watling Drawing — no. 58 � taken from the Flag Staff on the Beach, 1814 � 1790 Unknown Aboriginal sailor 29 4 � George Raper (1769–1797) (possibly Nanbarry or Bundle) � Of the Aboriginal Inhabitants Aboriginal man and woman in canoe, Watercolour (reproduction) Sydney Gazette, 1 January 1814 of New South Wales, 1834 1802 � Natural History Museum, London (reproduction) � William Proctor Nicolas-Martin Petit (1777–1804) � Raper Drawing — no. 22 F8/56 � A Landsman’s Log … on board the Pencil, charcoal and ink John Craig, Merchantman, (reproduction) � 12 21 � John Currie, Commander, 1834–5 Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle, Nueva Holande: Cabeza de un Banalong [Bennelong], c. 1793 � MS B1126, pp. 118–19 Le Havre, France � habitante [: Head of WW [William Waterhouse] � 2002.51 a Native], 1793 Pen and ink wash � 30 Juan Ravenet (c. 1766–1821) DGB 10, f. 13 � Nambré [Nunberri], Shoalhaven tribe, 5 � Pencil 1834 First description of canoes Purchased May 1961 22 Charles Rodius (1802–1860) at Botany Bay, 1789 � DGD 2, f. 2 St. James Street, 1792 Crayon Author unknown � PW Tomkins (1760–1840) after Kindly lent by the National Library An authentic and interesting narrative 13 Thomas Malton Junior (1748–1804) of Australia of the late expedition to Botany Bay: A view of Sydney on Norfolk Island, Aquatint engraving (reproduction) PIC R7404 as performed by Commodore Phillips 1805 From Thomas Malton, A picturesque [sic] and the fleet of seven transport John Eyre (b. 1771) tour through the cities of London and 31 ships ... London: Printed by W Bailey, Watercolour Westminster, illustrated with the most Nunberri. Chief of the Nunnerahs, H Lemoine and J Parsons, 1789 V8/Norf Is/1 interesting views, accurately N. S. Wales, 1834 DL 78/68, p. 28 delineated and executed in aquatinta Charles Rodius (1802–1806) 14 … London, 21 August 1792 Lithograph 6 ‘Two Natives’, 1812 DSM/F914.21M, plate 94 Sydney: Printed by IG Austin HMS Sirius, armed storeship and Claims and Demands Presented by Francis Edwards, 1932 flagship of First Fleet, 1937–38 Sydney Gazette, 5 December 1812 23 PXA 615, f. 16 Geoffrey Ingleton (1908–1998) F8/55 A Song of the Natives Ship model of timber and brass of New South Wales … 32 1:24 scale 15 From Edward Jones, Musical Typical portraits of the Aborigines Made for the sesquicentenary of the Log of the Mary and Sally curiosities … 1811 (reproduction) [Morirang and Nambré or Nunberri arrival of the First Fleet, Sydney James Kelly (1791–1859) � British Library, London (above), Ricketty Dick and Tooban Kindly lent by the Powerhouse Ship’s Log, bound with Log of the R.M.13.f. 5 (below)], 1847 Museum, Sydney. Gift of the Brothers (reproduction) � James William Giles (1801–1870) Australian Sesqui-Centenary Crowther Library, 24 Hand-coloured lithograph Committee, 1938. Public Library of Tasmania � Copy of a letter from Baneelon, one of From George French Angas, South H4052 C 6028 the Natives of New South Wales, now Australia Illustrated, London, 1847 in London, to his wife Barangaroo, at DSM/ X983/2, plate 35 7 � 16 � Botany Bay, 1797 HMS Supply, armed brig, 1937–38 � ‘A perfect dandy’ � From The spirit of the public journals 33 Geoffrey Ingleton (1908–1998) John Septimus Roe (1797–1878) � for 1797, London: Printed for Broten [Broughton] Nlle Hollande, Ship model of timber and brass, Letter 160, 6 June 1821 � R Phillips, 1798 1819 1:24 scale Purchased 2009 � RB/050/S759.4, p. 114 Jacques Arago (1790–1855) Made for the sesquicentenary of the ML MSS 7964 � Pencil arrival of the First Fleet, Sydney 25 Purchased from the collection Kindly lent by the Powerhouse 17 � Supernumeraries borne for Victuals of Dr J Raven at Sotheby’s Australia, Museum, Sydney. Gift of the Entrance to Oyster Harbour, King only—, 1794 Melbourne Sale, 23 August 1992 Australian Sesqui-Centenary George Sound [with brig Bathurst], Signed by Captain John Hunter PXB 283, f. 3 Committee, 1938. 1827 � HMS Reliance Muster (reproduction) H4053 Phillip Parker King (1791–1856) The National Archives, London 34 Lithograph � ADM 36/10981 Broughton Native Constable 8 From Phillip Parker King, Narrative Shoal Haven 1822 Journal of PG King, April 1790 of a survey … vol. 2, London, 1827 � 26 Rectangular brass breastplate Philip Gidley King (1758–1808) 980.1.131C, frontispiece Vocabulary of part of the Language with brass chain (reproduction) � (reproduction) of New South Wales, 1795 Awarded to Broughton Acquired from Francis Edwards, 1898 Daniel Paine (b. 1770) by Alexander Berry � C115, p. 400 Manuscript kept in a voyage to From Tania Cleary, Poignant regalia: Port Jackson New South Wales, 19th century Aboriginal breastplates … � a short residence in that settlement … Glebe: Historic Houses Trust of NSW, in the years 1794,5,6,7, and 8 c. 1993 by Danl. Paine (reproduction) National Maritime Museum, London MS JOD 172

State Library of New South Wales / 21 35 44 52 60 � Port McQvarie [sic] New South Wales, Newcastle, in New South Wales: Tonungora St. Boundary Nov 1806 Aboriginal man with rifle, 5 May 1824 with a distant View of Point Stephen. ‘Got by Dan’ probably Bowen Bungaree, 1843 � Attributed to Taken from Prospect Hill Specimen identified as Eucalyptus Artist unknown � (1775–1828) W Preston after IR Brown � paniculata X E. siderophloia Pencil � Sepia watercolour Engraving � Kindly lent by the National From Portraits of the Aborigines SV1B/Pr Mac/1 From Absalom West, Views in New Herbarium of NSW � of New South Wales, 1843 � South Wales, 1813–14 (reproduction) � RBG barcode 6620 � Bequest of David Scott Mitchell, 1907 � 36 � Bequeathed by DS Mitchell, 1907 � PXA 74, f.4 � Bi-ra-bán. M’Gill. � PX*D 65, plate 6 � Mogargro – South Brush, 1807 � Alfred T Agate (1812–1846) � ‘Got by Dan Oct 1807’ � 61 � Lithograph (reproduction) � 45 � Specimen identified as Eucalyptus ‘A black-fellow named Bowen’, 1837 � From A key to the structure of the Australia or Terra Australis, 1804 � beyeri by Joseph Maiden � Sydney Morning Herald, Monday, Aboriginal language, Sydney, 1850 � Matthew Flinders (1774–1814) � Kindly lent by the National 17 April 1837 (reproduction) � DSM/499.611A3, frontispiece Pen and ink chart (reproduction) � Herbarium of NSW MRB/F7, p. 3 � United Kingdom Hydrographic Office � RBG barcode 326895 � 37 � y46/1 62 � Boardman, Lake Macquarie Tribe, 53 � For California. The brig William Hill, c. 1836 � 46 � The Cataract of Car’rung-Gur’ring; 1849 � Possibly by William Henry Boon-ga-ree Aboriginal of New So. on the river Moowat’tin, 1807 � Advertisement in Sydney Morning Fernyhough (1809–1849) � Wales who accompanied me on my George Caley (1770–1829) � Herald, 16 January 1849 Pencil � first voyage to the N. W. coast, 1819 � Ink � (reproduction) � Bequeathed by Sir William Dixson, Phillip Parker King (1791–1856) � From Letter received by Philip Gidley BN445 � 1952 � Ink and watercolour � King from George Caley, 25 DL PX47, f. 8 � From Phillip Parker King, Album of September 1807 � 63 � drawings and engravings, 1802–1902 � The Sir Joseph Banks Electronic Charley [and] Harry Brown, 1847 � 38 � Purchased from the King Estate, Archive, Series 18.067 � Harden S Melville after Charles Nouvelle-Hollande. Gnoung-a November 1933 � Rodius (1802–1860) � gnoung-a, mour-re-mour-ga PXC 767, f. 48 � 54 � Engraving (dit Collins), 1811 � Moowattin Creek and the From Dr , Journal Barthelemy Roger (1767–1841) after 47 � Cataract of Carrung-gurring, 1814 � of an overland expedition in Australia, Nicolas-Martin Petit (1777–1804) � His Majesty’s Cutter Mermaid, 1817 � Detail from Chart of Terra Australis, from Moreton Bay to Port Essington … Engraving � Phillip Parker King (1791–1856) � East Coast, 1 January 1814 1844–1845, London: T&W Boone, From François Péron, Voyage de Ink (reproduction) � 1847 découvertes aux terres Australes, From Phillip Parker King, Album of From Matthew Flinders, A voyage DL 84/418, facing p. 14 � Paris: De l’Imprimerie Imperiale, 1811 � drawings and engravings, 1802–1902 � to Terra Australis, London, 1814 F980/P Atlas [1811], plate XVII � Purchased from the King Estate, X919.4042/1 Atlas, plate 8 � 64 � November 1933 � Tam O’Shanter, 1848 � 39 � PXC 767, f. 85 � 55 � (1811–1850) � HMS Daedalus A View near Woolwich in Kent, Watercolour � John Baily after Lieutenant Evans � 48 � shewing the Employment of the From Voyage of HMS Rattlesnake, Hand-coloured aquatint ‘Bongaree speared a great many fish Convicts from the Hulks, c. 1800 � 1846–49 � (reproduction) � with his fiz-gig’, 1818 � Artist unknown � Transfer from the National National Maritime Museum, Phillip Parker King (1791–1856) � Hand-coloured engraving � Art Gallery of New South Wales, Greenwich � Remark book, January 1818 � London: Printed for Bowles August 1927 � PAD 6003 � MLMSS 5277 (item 1) � and Carver � PXC 281 vol. 1, f. 65 � Purchased 1938 � 40 � 49 � View V*/CONV/1 � 65 � ‘Old Collins, who was found dead …’, Naturels de la Nouvelle-Galles. Jacky Jacky [Galmarra]. Expedition 1809 (Port-Jackson), 1824 56 � of Kennedy, March 16th 1849 � Sydney Gazette, 15 January 1809 Bungaree and Cora Gooseberry to ‘Moowattin, a native follower Charles Rodius (1802–1860) � (reproduction) � René-Primavère Lesson (1794–1849) � of mine …’ � Lithograph � RBF 450 � Voyage autour du monde: entrepris NA Vigors and Thomas Horsfield Presented by Francis Edwards, 1932 � par ordre du gouvernement sur la A description of the Australian birds in PXA 615, f. 38 � 41 � corvette La Coquille, Paris: P Pourrat the collection of the Linnean Society … Nouvelle-Hollande – Toulgra (mère) Frères, 1838–1839, pp. 296–297 London: Linnean Society of London, 66 � [Worogan], 1802 � DSM/980/64A2 1827 � ‘I am going to leave you’, 1849 � Nicolas-Martin Petit (1777–1804) � DSM/Q598.2/V � William Carron (1821–1876) Pencil, charcoal and ink 50 � Narrative of an expedition undertaken (reproduction) � Bungaree, King of Sydney Cove 57 � under the direction of the late Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle James F O’Connell (1808–1854) ‘The native which your humanity fed Mr. Assistant Surveyor E.B. Kennedy, Le Havre, France � A residence of eleven years in and clothed …’, 1812 � for the exploration of the country lying 20032.1 � New Holland and the Caroline Islands: George Suttor to Sir Joseph Banks, between Rockingham Bay and Cape being the adventures of James F. 12 November 1812 York … Sydney: Kemp and Fairfax, 42 � O’Connell, Boston: BB Mussey, 1836 The Sir Joseph Banks Electronic 1849 The Lady Nelson – Brig, 6 Guns …, 980/242A1 Archive, Series 20.71 � DSM/Z/C983, pp. 84–85 � c. 1820s � Artist unknown 51 � 58 � 67 � Oil � Portrait of Bungaree, a native Trial of ‘Daniel Mow-watty’, 1816 � Jackey Jackey [Galmarra], c. 1851 � Presented by Captain GN Hector � of New South Wales, with Fort Supplement to the Sydney Gazette, Silver breastplate presented by His ML 86 � Macquarie, Sydney Harbour in 28 September 1816 (reproduction) � Excellency Sir Charles Augustus Background, c. 1826 � F8/56 � FitzRoy KB, Governor of New South 43 � Augustus Earle (1793–1838) � Wales, to Jackey Jackey, c. 1851 � Port Jackson for a Passage to Norfolk Oil (reproduction) � 59 � Made by Brush and Macdonnel, Island, 29 May 1798 National Library of Australia ‘Daniel Mowwatting Sydney HMS Reliance Muster (reproduction) Pic T305. NK 118 (a Black Native of this Colony)’, 1816 � Presented by JE Byrnes, 1966 � The National Archives, London Lachlan Macquarie (1762–1824) � R 453 � ADM 36/13398 Journal of Lachlan Macquarie, Friday, 1 November 1816 � A 773, p. 59 �

22 / M A r i n A w i Aboriginal Odysseys 1790–1850 68 76 84 & 85 � 93 Mousquéda ou Mousquita, 1802 Vocabulary obtained by Rev. H Fullow Party preparing to bivouac, 1826 � Nouvelle–Hollande: île King. Nicolas-Martin Petit (1777–1804) [Fulton] in 1801 AD from Aboriginals Party Bivouac’d for the night, 1826 � L’Éléphant – Marin ou Phoque À Pastel, charcoal, pencil and ink on Norfolk Island, c. 1805 Artist unknown � Trompe. Vue de la Baie des Eléphants (reproduction) (1761–1840) Hand-coloured aquatints [Elephant seals in the Bay of Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle, From The Australasian (reproductions) � Elephants, King Island], 1811 Le Havre, France Anthropological Journal, vol. 1, no. 2, From James Atkinson, An account of Victor Pilliment (1767–1814) after 20039.1 12 September 1896 the state of agriculture & grazing in Charles-Alexandre Lesueur DQ572.06/2, p. 13 New South Wales, London: J Cross, (1778–1846) 69 1826 � Engraving Nouvelle-Hollande. 77 DL 82/95, plates 2 and 3 � From François Péron, Voyage de Y-Erran-Gou-La-Ga, 1811 North Cape of New Zealand découvertes aux terres Australes, Barthelemy Roger (1767–1841) after [Showing Brig Active], c. 1815 86 � Paris: De l’Imprimerie Imperiale, 1811 Nicolas-Martin Petit (1777–1804) Samuel John Neele (1758–1824) ‘Tristam Maamby - New Hollander’, F980/P Atlas [1811], Plate XXXII Engraving Engraving 1795 � From François Péron, Voyage de From John Liddiard Nicholas, Philip Gidley King (1758–1808) � 94 découvertes aux terres Australes, Narrative of a voyage to New Zealand Norfolk Island, Victualling book, ‘… employed in the fishing and sealing Paris: De l’Imprimerie Imperiale, 1811 performed in the years 1814 and 1815 1792–1796 trade …’, 1811 F980/P Atlas [1811], plate XIX in company with the Rev. Samuel Presented by Gilbert Goldfinch, David Dickenson Mann (c. 1775–1811) Marsden, London: Printed for July 1934 � The present picture of New South 70 James Black and Son, 1817 A 1958, p. 89 � Wales … London: Sold by John Booth, PG King to John Piper, Sydney, DSM 987/107A4 vol. 2, frontispiece 1811 18 August 1805 87 � MRB/Q991/M, pp. 46–47 Philip Gidley King (1758–1808) 78 ‘I have also a little native Boy …’ � Letter book, 1797–1806 ‘Philip, Jemmy and Scotchman, Elizabeth Marsden to Mrs Mary 95 � Transferred from the Public Library Natives’, 1813 Stokes, Parramatta, 1 May 1796 � Native Carvings, La Perouse [whale], (Bent Street) to the Mitchell Library, Claims & Demands Letter No. 5, Marsden Family, c. 1891 May 1941 Sydney Gazette, 1 May 1813, p. 2 Letters to Mrs. Stokes, 1794–1824 � William Dugald Campbell A 2015: 495, p. 41 (reproduction) MSS 719, p. 41 � Pencil (reproduction) RB/F450 PXD 223/5 71 88 � Supernumaries at 2/3 allowance 79 ‘… — poor Tristan ran away at Rio …’ � 96 no Spirits, 1805 ‘He is called Mosquito’, 1814 Elizabeth Marsden to Rowland Departure of the whaler Britannia HMS Buffalo Muster, 1805 Colonial Secretary, Sydney, to Hassall, Hull, 9 January 1808, from Sydney Cove, 1798 (reproduction) Lieutenant Governor Davey, Hassall Correspondence Thomas Whitcombe (1763–1824) The National Archives, London 17 August 1814 Bequeathed by DS Mitchell, 1907 � Oil ADM 36/17313, p. 91 Kindly lent by State Records NSW A 859, f. 174 � Kindly lent by the National Library NRS937, 4/3493, p. 251 of Australia 72 89 � PIC T271 NK7 Développement du Dynamomètre 80 ‘… a native boy about fourteen …’ � du Cit.n Regnier, 1798 ‘Hanging no good for black fellow’ (1782–1841+) � 97 Artist unknown Musquito, in conversation with Memoirs of James Hardy Vaux, Movat [Boatswain Maroot] (detail), Engraving (reproduction) Mr Bisdee, the jailor … written by himself, B Field (ed.), 1820 From Edme Regnier, Mémoires Henry Melville 2nd edn, London: CH Reynall, 1827 Pavel Nikolaevich Mikhailov explicatifs du dynamomètre et autres History of the island of Van Diemen’s DSM/A923.41/V385/3A1 vol. 1, p. 203 � (1786–1840) machines …, Paris, 1798, Land, from the year 1824 to 1835 … Pencil and sanguine (reproduction) between pp. 4 and 5 London: Smith and Elder, 1835 90 � Russian State Museum RAV/FM4/2/17273 DSM/996/5A4, p. 35 In Rio Janeiro, looking towards Image courtesy of Longueville the Entrance, 1787 Publications 73 81 William Bradley (1757?–1833) R29209/207 Aux Terres Australes - Hobart Town in 1817. Kangaroo Govt. Watercolour Sauvages de la Nouvelle-Hollande Schooner From William Bradley, A voyage 98 Table II Charles Jeffreys (1782–1826) to New South Wales, 1802+ Petition by ‘Merute a native of this From François Péron, Voyage de Late 19th century lithograph after (facsimile volume) � Territory’, 1810 découvertes aux terres Australes … contemporary drawing Acquired from Francis Edwards, Minutes and Proceedings, Bench of vol. 1, Paris: Chez Arthur Bertrand, SSV6/1817/1 Antiquarian Booksellers, 1924 � Magistrates, County of Cumberland, 1807 ML Safe 1/14, Opp. p. 36 � Colonial Secretary Papers MRB/Q980/pt 1, p. 477 82 Kindly lent by State Records NSW ‘with the assistance of two native 91 NRS 3397, SZ773 74 guides’, 1819 ‘God be merciful to me …’ � Nouvelle-Hollande – Toulgra The Times, London, 1 November 1819 Reverend Thomas Hassall 99 (Bouldogue), 1802 p. 2 (reproduction) Undated memorandum referring Garden Cove, Macquarie Island, 1820 Nicolas-Martin Petit (1777–1804) to 1807–1813 Ivan Pavlovitch Fridrits after Pavel Charcoal, pencil and ink 83 Hassall family – Correspondence Nikolaevich Mikhailov (1786–1840) (reproduction) An Exploring Party A 1677 vol. 2 pt 1, p. 84; pp. 87–88 Lithograph (reproduction) Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle, in New South Wales, 1826 (p. 88 reproduction) From Faddei Faddeevich Le Havre, France Artist unknown Bellingshausen, Atlas k puteshestviiu 20043.3 Hand-coloured aquatint 92 Kapitane Bellingsgauzena … From James Atkinson, An account of Nouvelle-Hollande – Bedgi, 1802 St Petersburg, 1831 75 the state of agriculture & grazing in Nicolas-Martin Petit (1777–1804) F980/3A1, plate 58 ‘Py.a lla – to tell’ New South Wales, London: J Cross, Pastel, charcoal and ink Henry Fulton (1761–1840) 1826 (reproduction) 100 Extract from Church of England SSV*/Expl/1, frontispiece Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle, Natives of New South Wales, Biddy Baptisms, Marriages and Burials Le Havre, France Salamander of the Broken Bay Tribe, Register, St Philip’s, Sydney 20041.1 Balkabra Chief of Botany, Gooseberry Births, Marriages, Deaths 1787–1809, Queen of Bungaree Norfolk Island 1792–1809 Charles Rodius (1802–1860) Kindly lent by State Records NSW Watercolour NRS 12937, SZ 1022 B Presented by Francis Edwards, 1932 PXA 615, f. 6

State Library of New South Wales / 23 101 � 110 119 Ships Muster of the Brig Mercury, ‘Tommy, a native boy’ Lewis [Lewis Maccah], 1842 1822 � Claims and Demands John Rae (1813–1900) Colonial Secretary Ships Musters, Sydney Gazette, 21 December 1811 Pencil and watercolour 22 October 1822 � (reproduction) From Portraits of Australian Kindly lent by State Records NSW � F8/55 Aborigines NRS 1289, 4/4773 � Presented by Sir William Dixson, 1951 111 DG* D23, f. 1 102 � Ships Muster of the Brig Jupiter William Minam - Walamata of Calcutta, 1817 120 Port Aitken, c. 1843–1849 � Colonial Secretary (reproduction) The Melbourne Deed Artist unknown � State Records NSW (‘Batman’s Treaty’), 1835 Pencil � NRS 1289, 4/4771, p. 31 Legal copy of deed of conveyance of From Portraits of the Aborigines 500,000 acres from Aboriginal People of New South Wales, Sydney, 1843 � 112 of the Port Phillip district to Bequeathed by DS Mitchell, 1907 � Whaleboat showing position of crew John Batman PXA 74, f. 1 � Artist unknown Detail showing the marks of the Watercolour and pencil ‘chiefs’ (reproduction) 103 � (reproduction) National Museum of Australia ‘I am a native of New Holland Alexander Turnbull Library, Accession No. 1997.19 near to Botany Bay …’, 1832 � Wellington William (Willamannan) to A-032-025 121 GA Robinson � Borung Boruck. The bread is GA Robinson Papers, 22 June 1832, 113 all done —, 1835 vol. 35 � HMS Acheron, Captain J. Lort Stokes, John Helder Wedge (1793–1872) Purchased from the estate of riding out a terrific gale between the Pencil Albert Robinson, son of George South Islands of New Zealand, 1849, From John Helder Wedge Field Book Augustus Robinson, through 1862 Kindly lent by the State Library Maggs Bros, London, 1939 � Richard Bridges Beechey (1808–1895) of Victoria MS A7056, p. 205 � Oil MS 10768, p. 170 Kindly lent by the National Library 104 � of Australia 122 ‘I know them for many years …’ � PIC R297 Jacky Stuart, Shoalhaven, c. 1844 John Connell to Capt. Dumaresq, Charles Rodius (1802–1860) Sydney, 30 April [no year] 114 Charcoal Purchased November 1940 � Tom Chaseland or the adventures of a From Portraits of New South Wales MS Aa 84 � Colonial half caste: a tale of old times, Aboriginal Australians 1842–1878 Transfer from the National 105 Thomas Dowse (1809–1855) Art Gallery of New South Wales Parish of Southerland, c. 1835 Kindly lent by the John Oxley to the Mitchell Library, 1921 William Meadows Brownrigg Library, State Library of Queensland PXA 1005/4 (1711–1800) OM79-68/20 Engraving (reproduction) 123 From Maps comprising the various 115 ‘… one of the most trusty and parishes of the County of Cumberland ‘Pigeon [Warroba], Potter & Jack’, sagacious …’, 1832 DSM X/45 1811 The Hobart Town Courier, Sydney Gazette, 23 March 1811 28 December 1832 (reproduction) 106 (reproduction) X079.9461/1 Windsor, Head of navigation F8/55 Hawksbury [sic] River, c. 1810 124 Possibly by George William Evans 116 King Jack Waterman, Shoalhaven (1780–1852) Johnny Crook, Nat Name Janenb [—?] New South Wales, 1834 Watercolour Illa [Illawarra] Charles Rodius (1802–1860) Purchased 1933 Possibly by TG Wainewright Black chalk with red chalk highlights SV 1B/WIND/6 (1794–1847) (reproduction) Watercolour The Trustees of the 107 Purchased from Sotheby sale, AN416038001 Ships Muster of the Brig Glory, 1819 9–10 July 1962, Lot 239 Colonial Secretary Ships Musters DG P2/18 125 Broken Bay, 29 October 1819 Aboriginal Breastplate for Kindly lent by State Records NSW 117 Sawyer King of Wickham Hill NRS 1289, 4/4771, p. 187 Seven of the Sydney Aborigines Brass dancing, c. 1833 Kindly lent by the National Museum 108 John Glover (1790–1868) of Australia ‘Coleby, Brig Glory’, 1819 Ink and grey wash Object number 1985.0059.0387 Claims and Demands Kindly lent by the Tasmanian Sydney Gazette, 2 October 1819, p. 3 Museum and Art Gallery (reproduction) Sketchbook 97, f. 10 RB/F450 118 109 Pigeon’s Well ‘Two natives from Richmond joined Government Notice. No. 186 us …’, 1814 Colonial Secretary’s Office, (1764–1837) 17 September 1830 Journal of William Cox, August 1814 Hobart Town Gazette, MS C708-2, p. 22 18 September 1830 MDQ 351.73/1

24 / M A r i n A w i Aboriginal Odysseys 1790–1850 State Library of New South Wales / 25 i was young when i left my tribe, i am now about 25 years old. i had been employed in a whaling ship, on my return i joined the blacks, after some time i joined a sealing vessel out of sydney and remained sealing about 5 years, during which time i could not get any money, but was supplied occasionally with spirits in lieu thereof.

williAM (willAMAnnAn) to gA robinSon GA ROBINSON PAPERS, 22 JuNE 1832, VOL. 35, MS A7056, P. 205

www.sl.nsw.gov.au

26 / M A r i n A w i Aboriginal Odysseys 1790–1850