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POINT PLEASANT 1774 Prelude to the American Revolution
POINT PLEASANT 1774 Prelude to the American Revolution JOHN F WINKLER ILLUSTRATED BY PETER DENNIS © Osprey Publishing • www.ospreypublishing.com CAMPAIGN 273 POINT PLEASANT 1774 Prelude to the American Revolution JOHN F WINKLER ILLUSTRATED BY PETER DENNIS Series editor Marcus Cowper © Osprey Publishing • www.ospreypublishing.com CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 5 The strategic situation The Appalachian frontier The Ohio Indians Lord Dunmore’s Virginia CHRONOLOGY 17 OPPOSING COMMANDERS 20 Virginia commanders Indian commanders OPPOSING ARMIES 25 Virginian forces Indian forces Orders of battle OPPOSING PLANS 34 Virginian plans Indian plans THE CAMPAIGN AND BATTLE 38 From Baker’s trading post to Wakatomica From Wakatomica to Point Pleasant The battle of Point Pleasant From Point Pleasant to Fort Gower THE AFTERMATH 89 THE BATTLEFIELD TODAY 93 FURTHER READING 94 INDEX 95 © Osprey Publishing • www.ospreypublishing.com 4 British North America in1774 British North NEWFOUNDLAND Lake Superior Quebec QUEBEC ISLAND OF NOVA ST JOHN SCOTIA Montreal Fort Michilimackinac Lake St Lawrence River MASSACHUSETTS Huron Lake Lake Ontario NEW Michigan Fort Niagara HAMPSHIRE Fort Detroit Lake Erie NEW YORK Boston MASSACHUSETTS RHODE ISLAND PENNSYLVANIA New York CONNECTICUT Philadelphia Pittsburgh NEW JERSEY MARYLAND Point Pleasant DELAWARE N St Louis Ohio River VANDALIA KENTUCKY Williamsburg LOUISIANA VIRGINIA ATLANTIC OCEAN NORTH CAROLINA Forts Cities and towns SOUTH Mississippi River CAROLINA Battlefields GEORGIA Political boundary Proposed or disputed area boundary -
Clay Family Is One of the Oldest in This County" Article Was Published 26 Aug
Clay Family Article Clay Family Article, 1950 "Clay Family Is One Of The Oldest In This County" Article was published 26 Aug. 1950 in the 1950 Centennial Edition of the Beckley Post-Herald. Reprinted by permission. The Clay family is one of the oldest in America. Members of this family resided in what is now Raleigh County even before it's foundation 100 years ago and have figured prominently through the years of the county's existence. John Clay, an ancient planter, came to Virginia in 1613, and his wife, Ann, in 1623. It is claimed by some that he came from Wales, but the best authority is that he was English. It is known that he had three sons, whose names, according to some, were Henry, William, and Charles, while others state that he had four sons, Francis, William, Thomas, and Charles. At any rate from the sons of John Clay descended most of the Virginia Clays. There was a Clay family also in Surrey County at an early date, and it is probable that the names of this family in the early records has caused the confusion as to the names of John Clay's children. --Large Land Owner Clay was a large land proprietor in Charles City County. The early colonial records show that he was granted a patent for 1,200 acres on Ward's Creek, fronting on James River, in that part of that county which later became Prince George County - 100 acres to him as an old planter before the government of Sir Thomas Dale, and the other 1,100 acres for the transportation of twenty-two persons. -
Samuel Gwinn S17992 Transcribed and Annotated by C
Southern Campaign American Revolution Pension Statements & Rosters Pension Application of Samuel Gwinn S17992 Transcribed and annotated by C. Leon Harris State of Virginia } Greenbrier County } On this 12th day of March 1834 Personally appeared before me Henry Erskine a Justice of the peace in and for s’d County Samuel Gwinn a resident of said County and State aged 82 years who being first sworn according to Law, doth on his Oath make the following declaration in order to obtain the benefit of the Act of Congress pass June 7th 1832. That he entered the service of the United States under the following named officers and served as herein after stated 1st In the year 1771 or 2 he served a three months tour under Capt Laughridge [sic: Andrew Lockridge] was drafted in Augusta County Va and was stationed at Clover Lick on the head waters of Greenbrier in Augusta County and was stationed at that place to guard the frontier settlements against the Indians, during this time there some skirmishing, he served out three months and was discharged at Clover Lick 2nd He entered the service as a Volunteer he thinks in May or June 1774 in Capt Laughridge’s Company in the County of Augusta to go against the Indians and was marched to Fort Union (now Lewisburgh) [sic: Camp Union at present Lewisburg] where he joined the main army under Gen’l Andrew Lewis and was marched from Fort Union to Point Pleasant on the Ohio River and was in the memorable Battle which took place on the 10th Oct 1774 at Point Pleasant, which lasted from Sunrise until Sunset. -
Historic American Indian Tribes of Ohio 1654-1843
Historic American Indian Tribes of Ohio 1654-1843 Ohio Historical Society www.ohiohistory.org $4.00 TABLE OF CONTENTS Historical Background 03 Trails and Settlements 03 Shelters and Dwellings 04 Clothing and Dress 07 Arts and Crafts 08 Religions 09 Medicine 10 Agriculture, Hunting, and Fishing 11 The Fur Trade 12 Five Major Tribes of Ohio 13 Adapting Each Other’s Ways 16 Removal of the American Indian 18 Ohio Historical Society Indian Sites 20 Ohio Historical Marker Sites 20 Timeline 32 Glossary 36 The Ohio Historical Society 1982 Velma Avenue Columbus, OH 43211 2 Ohio Historical Society www.ohiohistory.org Historic American Indian Tribes of Ohio HISTORICAL BACKGROUND In Ohio, the last of the prehistoric Indians, the Erie and the Fort Ancient people, were destroyed or driven away by the Iroquois about 1655. Some ethnologists believe the Shawnee descended from the Fort Ancient people. The Shawnees were wanderers, who lived in many places in the south. They became associated closely with the Delaware in Ohio and Pennsylvania. Able fighters, the Shawnees stubbornly resisted white pressures until the Treaty of Greene Ville in 1795. At the time of the arrival of the European explorers on the shores of the North American continent, the American Indians were living in a network of highly developed cultures. Each group lived in similar housing, wore similar clothing, ate similar food, and enjoyed similar tribal life. In the geographical northeastern part of North America, the principal American Indian tribes were: Abittibi, Abenaki, Algonquin, Beothuk, Cayuga, Chippewa, Delaware, Eastern Cree, Erie, Forest Potawatomi, Huron, Iroquois, Illinois, Kickapoo, Mohicans, Maliseet, Massachusetts, Menominee, Miami, Micmac, Mississauga, Mohawk, Montagnais, Munsee, Muskekowug, Nanticoke, Narragansett, Naskapi, Neutral, Nipissing, Ojibwa, Oneida, Onondaga, Ottawa, Passamaquoddy, Penobscot, Peoria, Pequot, Piankashaw, Prairie Potawatomi, Sauk-Fox, Seneca, Susquehanna, Swamp-Cree, Tuscarora, Winnebago, and Wyandot. -
Public Works Commission
State of Ohio Public Works Commission Clean Ohio Fund - Green Space Conservation Program Acreage Report County Applicant Project Name ProjID Grant Acquired Description Adams Highlands Nature Sanctuary, Inc. Kamama Nature Preserve Expansion CONAD 188,356 93 Acres Acquisition of approximately 93 acres of land in Adams County to nearly double the Kamama Prairie Preserve. This will add nearly one mile of stream protection in the Turkey Creek Watershed, and protects a rare plant community referred to as an"alkaline short-grass prairie." Adams The Nature Conservancy Buzzardroost Rock and Cave Hollow Preserve COCAB 337,050 216 Acres This project consists of acquisition of 216 acres of land in Adams County to expand the Buzzardrock Addition Preserve. The preserve is named for the turkey and black vultures that frequent the 300-foot rock and associated cliffs of the property. Adams The Nature Conservancy Additions To Edge of Appalachia Preserve System CODAC 725,062 383 Acres This project consists of acquisition of 383 acres to expand the Abner Hollow, Cave Hollow, Lynx Prairie, and Wilderness preserves in Adams County. The project serves to protect and increase habitat for threatened and endangered species, preserves streamside forests, connects protected natural areas, provides aesthetic preservation benefits, facilitates good management for safe hunting, and enhances economic development related to recreation and ecotourism. Adams The Nature Conservancy Sunshine Corridor and Adjacent Tracts COEAB 741,675 654 Acres This project consists of the fee simple acquisition of 654 acres at five locations in Adams County. This project protects habitat, preserves headwater streams and streamside forest, connects natural areas, and facilitates outdoor education. -
Lick Run-Scioto River HUC 050600020403
Pickaway County Park District 110 Island Rd Ste E, Circleville, OH 43113 Lick Run-Scioto River HUC 050600020403 9-Element Implementation Strategy Published by: Pickaway County Park District Coldwater Consulting, LLC. 46 West Columbus Street Final Draft P.O. Box 146 Galena, OH 43021 August 2020 Lick Run-Scioto River HUC 050600020403 Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Page 1 SECTION ONE: Introduction Page 3 Section 1.1: Report Background Page 4 Section 1.2: Watershed Profile and History Page 4 Section 1.3 Public Participation Page 7 SECTION TWO: Watershed Characterization & Assessment Summary Page 9 Section 2.1.1: Physical and Natural Features Page 11 Geological Setting and Soils Page 11 General Habitat Conditions Page 12 Wetlands Page 13 Biology Page 15 Fish Page 15 Endangered Fish Species Page 16 Macroinvertebrates Page 17 Freshwater Mussels Page 18 Amphibians Page 19 Reptiles Page 21 Mammals Page 22 Birds Page 23 Invasive Species Page 26 Section 2.1.2: Land Use and Protection Page 26 Section 2.2: Summary of HUC-12 Biological Trends Page 30 Section 2.3: Summary of HUC-12 NPS Pollution Causes & Sources Page 31 Section 2.4: Additional Information for Determining Critical Areas Page 32 SECTION THREE: Critical Areas and Restoration Strategies Page 34 Section 3.1: Overview of Critical Areas Page 35 Critical Area #1: Lick Run Subwatershed Page 36 Critical Area #2: Canal Park Page 38 Section 3.2: Critical Area #1 Page 39 Detailed Characterization, Conditions, Goals and Objectives Page 39 Detailed Biological Conditions Page 40 Detailed Causes -
Hopewell Conference Final Program and Abstracts.Pdf
The Third Chillicothe Conference on Hopewell Archaeology Sponsored by the Ohio Archaeological Council Christopher Conference Center, Chillicothe, Ohio Schedule of Presentations May 13, 2016 Friday Afternoon Session: The Geographic Extent of Hopewell Time Presenter Title 1:10 Bret Ruby INTRODUCTION 1:20 Jerrel Anderson Earthwork and Settlement Patterns of the Pickaway Plains, Pickaway County, Ohio 1:40 John Rummel An Examination of Middle Woodland (Hopewellian) Mortuary Sites in Northeastern Ohio and Their Relationship to the Squawkie Hill Phase 2:00 Jonathan Bowen Hopewellians in North-Central Ohio: From Newark to Esch 2:20 Glenwood Boatman What is the Extent of Hopewell in North Central Ohio? 2:40 BREAK 3:00 Jocelyn Connolly Lower Little Miami Valley Hopewell Community Organization 3:20 Jeff Chivis Middle Woodland Cultural Dynamics in West Michigan and Northwest Indiana 3:40 Darrin Lowery Evidence of Hopewell Interaction Along the Middle Atlantic Coast East of the Appalachian Mountains 4:00 to 5:00 POSTER PRESENTATIONS (Posters will remain on exhibit through Saturday afternoon) Sydney Snyder and Claire Johnson Ohio Hopewell in the Hinterlands: Archaeological Investigations at the Balthaser Home Site Willian Dancey Early-Middle Woodland Habitation Sites on the North Fork of the Licking River, Licking County, Ohio Tessa Horn Cooking with Rocks the Hopewell Way: Experimenting with Earth Oven Efficiency Cailey Mullins The Mann Site and The Hopewell Interaction Sphere: The Gateway Between East and West Tim Schilling Hopewell Landscapes: An -
Journal of the Lycoming County Historical Society, Fall 1997
i+793 The JOURNAL ofthe &'omiw#6o...@ ht.«{.«raga.y VOLUMEXXXVll FALL NUMBER ONE 1997 B a MUSEUM STAFF THE Director . Sandra B. Rife JOURNAL Administrative Assistant . Canola Storrs ofthe Collections Assistant(contract) Gary W.Parks INCOMING COUNTY HISTORICAL SOCIETY Museum Store Manager Grace E. Callahan Bookkeeper Martha Spring Published arm ally {n Williamsport, Pe?tttsylula tba Floor Care (contract) . Horace James Museum 858 West Fourth Street Week-end Worker Marietta Zarb Telephone(717)326-3326 MUSEUM VOLUNTEERS BOARDOFTRUSTEES ? Penelope Austin Robert Feerrar SusanKelly Robert Paulhamus Dr. John F.Piper, Jr. Nancy Baker Heather Finnicle EliseKnowlden Beth Peet RudyBennage Grace Fleming W.J. Kuhns Dr. Lame Pepperman John L.Bruch,Jr. Anne Benson CathyFlook Dorothy Lechner Desiree Phillips Nancy Stearns Dorothy Berndt Gary Fogelman Harry Lehman Elizabeth Potter Virginia Borek May Francis RobinLeidhecker Charles Protasio William H. Hlawkes,lll james Bressler Peg Furst FrancesLevegood David Ray jack Buckle Marion Gamble Margaret Lindemuth Kim Reighard Art Burdge Patricia Gardner Pastor Robert Logan Amy Rider Alecia Burkhart Ron Gardner Mary Ellen Lupton jenni Rowley BOARDOFGOVERNORS Adehna Caporaletti Martin Gina Dorothy Maples Carol E. Serwint Amy Cappa Marv Guinter joy Mccracken Mary Sexton Michael bennett Robert Compton Fran Haas Bruce Miller Connie Crane Arlene Hater Robert Morton Mark Stamm JESS P. HACKENBURG 11, President Shirley Crawley Mary JaneHart Erin Moser Dr. Arthur Taylor BRUCE C. BUCKLE, Ffrsf Vice P7'eside71f Helen Dapp Adam Hartzel Kendra Moulthrop [)avid Taylor joni Decker Kathy Heilman Erica Mulberger Mary Louise Thomas ROBERT E. KANE, JR., 2nd I/ice P7esfdefzf Ruth Ditchfield Amy Heitsenrether Alberta Neff Mary E. -
Pioneer Record and Reminiscences of the Early Settlers and Settlement Of
4e- .0^ .- >; * A .-^^ . ^^ \ -^.A.^ h---^^ ^°'*, \^^^ *^*./ \: t,. > .'AV/k' -^^^ c* ^^^^'^ • ^^-n^. *5 'JJrL'* > ''^^. > c'?^'*^' **^!^l^'. ^^ ^ /^ -^.^^^^ •' A * O"^ o""-. -^o. -. '^oV^ ' .«^ .." e • c*5;f^-»'^ o >V^ 0^ ."''^i.^^"; ^ov^ ,Hq, ^ >. ^* «^ ••. % .0 •- .-iSSfA". '^^Jn.,/' >,>^ ^a^9- PIONEER RECORD REMINISCENCES EARLY SETTIiERg AND SETTLEMENT ROSS COUNTY, OHIO. By ISAAC J. FINLEY and RUFUS PUTNAM. CINCINNATI: PRINTED FOR THE AUTHORS BY ROBERT CLARKE & CO. 1871. y s^ <i% V PREFACE. In emleavorlng to accomplish faithfully what is GOJitained in this worh, it has been found that notwith- standing its nan-ow scope, it has involved considerahle time, expense, labor, and dijficulties, visiting, as we have, all the most noted forts, circles, mounds, camps, caves, cliffs, etc., within the county. We have endeav- ored to portray the toils, hardships, and privations of a pioneer life, when nothing but dense deep forests, inhabited only by wild, ferocious beasts, and bloody savages, covered the land: when the only habitation was the lude wigivam of the aborigines; when the hoivl of wolves, and scream of panthers, the hum of wild bees, the hissing and rattle of the poisonous snaJce, the gobble of the wild turkey, and the shrill whistle of the red hunter, constituted all the music that broke the solemn stillness of the backwoods. The first brave and hardy pioneers lived to see those forests melt away before the tide of industry, and fields of golden grain spring up to adorn the efforts of the husbandman with abundant har- vests. Alas ! those pioneers, the brave, enterprising men who made their homes first in the western land, with few exceptions, have passed away. -
External Relations of the Ohio Valley Shawnees, 1730-1775
W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 1992 "Mischiefs So Close to Each Other": External Relations of the Ohio Valley Shawnees, 1730-1775 Courtney B. Caudill College of William & Mary - Arts & Sciences Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the Indigenous Studies Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Caudill, Courtney B., ""Mischiefs So Close to Each Other": External Relations of the Ohio Valley Shawnees, 1730-1775" (1992). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539625770. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.21220/s2-rvw6-gp52 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. "MISCHIEFS SO CLOSE TO EACH OTHER1': EXTERNAL RELATIONS OF THE OHIO VALLEY SHAWNEES, 1730-1775 A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Department of History The College of William and Mary in Virginia In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts by Courtney B. Caudill 1992 APPROVAL SHEET This thesis is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts . C cuac&J?/ Courtney B. Caudill Approved, May 1992 J kXjlU James Axtell >hn Sell Michael McGiffert For Mom: Thanks, Easter Bunny. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS............................................... v PREFACE............ vi ABSTRACT............................................................ ix WALKING THE PATHS.......................... 2 CHAPTER I. BUILDING THE WEGIWA: THE 1730S TO THE SEVEN YEARS' WAR..13 CHAPTER II. -
A Comparative Study Op Tee Geographic Factors in Tee Rise Op Cities in the Hocking Valley, Ohio
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OP TEE GEOGRAPHIC FACTORS IN TEE RISE OP CITIES IN THE HOCKING VALLEY, OHIO, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THEIR LOCATIONS AND SITES DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in Graduate School of The Ohio State University. By FORREST LESTER McELHOE Jr., B. A., M. A. The Ohio State University 1955 4 Approved by T) Adviser Department of Geograph ACKNOWLEDGMENTS It is difficult to recognize all of the individuals who have made significant contributions to this study. Nevertheless, several persons should be singled out as deserving of this writer’s special appreciation for their unselfish efforts In helping to bring this work to a suc cessful conclusion. Without their aid it is doubtful if this study could have been presented in anything resembling Its completed form. It is a pleasure to acknowledge the critical advice and valuable suggestions made by Professor Eugene Van Cleef, Department of Geography, of The Ohio State University, who acted as the adviser. His careful reading and advice on organization of the manuscript has been responsible for much of the character of the finished product. Also, Professor Guy-Harold Smith, Professor Roderick Peattie, and Professor John R. Randall, Department of Geography, of The Ohio State University, made critical examinations of the final draft and offered many helpful suggestions. Their comments are appreciated. For her critical reading, advice and assistance in the preparation of the manuscript, and aid in field work, Mrs. -
DESTINATION PICKAWAY 2021 Travel Guide & Community Directory ALL the CARE YOU EXPECT
DESTINATION PICKAWAY 2021 Travel Guide & Community Directory ALL THE CARE YOU EXPECT. ALL THE COMFORTS OF HOME. WE’VE MADE IT SAFER AND EASIER TO GET THE EXPERT CARE YOU NEED. At OhioHealth, we know that taking care of your health is more important than ever. With virtual health, we make it easy to visit your doctor right from your phone, tablet or computer. You’ll get the same exceptional care from the providers you trust, with the added safety and convenience of staying home. Learn more about virtual health visits and how to schedule yours at OhioHealth.com/VirtualHealth. © OhioHealth Inc. 2021. All rights reserved. FY21-513985. 01/21. Pickaway County is a story about careful cultivation. A story of growth with intention And a close eye on the right fit for our space. A place with enough resources to be choosy And the curiosity to experiment. There are generations here, Each learning from the other, And work is play is life. We are at once history and future, Enduring and upstart, Near the city but not of the city. In Pickaway County, we go forward together, Whether it’s people, business, or the country around us. It’s an open invitation for a day or forever. The only place to find that restaurant. Those gatherings. That farm. Pickaway County is a way of life. A place of life. A place for new roots to last for years to come. A.W. Marion House DESTINATION PICKAWAY 2021 3 Inside The Pickaway County Welcome Center & Visitors Bureau 325 W. Main St., Circleville 740-474-3636 www.pickaway.com [email protected] Pickaway County Chamber of Commerce 325 W.