/ 15988 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 4, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS MARIETTA, OKLA., YOUTH WINS NA­ adults work together as a team, as partners, still in the future were to make his words TIONAL ORATORICAL HONORS to accomplish those goals of a better to­ famous. He began his speech slowly with morrow. frequent emphasis on particular words. This Youth has much to contribute--un­ man, Abrahia.m Linooln, had not pro­ bridled energy, vitality, and enthusiasm that ceeded far into his famous address when he HON. CARL ALBERT is characteristic of those starting on some­ uttered the words "A House divided against OF OKLAHOMA thing new. A seemingly innate desire to be itself can not stand." And only three short IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "a. part of the a.ction"-and the time to do years later, as if fulftll1ng a prophecy, the it-and finally ideals and dreams untar­ nation was plunged into a civil war. A civil Thursday, May 4, 1972 nished and undimmed by age. Yet those war that ripped and tore us asunder. Yet Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, a 17-year­ of you who come into day by day contact as a nation we survived. We survived be­ old constituent of mine, a resident of with young people or who follow their activi­ cause our country was built on a foundation Marietta, Okla., Mr. Donnie Paul Min­ ties in the news media are well aware that that was solid and sure. It was a foundation youthful energy and vitality can generate based on the idea that a government under yard, has won national honors in another destruction as well as enthusiasm-that de­ a. constitution was better than a government oratorical contest, one of many such sire to be a "pa.rt of the action" can lead to by the whim of man. Yes, we have survived firsts he has collected during the past a brashness and situations whence there can for over one hundred and eighty years as a several years. Donnie Paul first gained be no return-and those youthful dreams if democratic republic subject to change as national recognition as an orator when not viewed with the harshness of reality can needed. he won first place and a $2,000 scholar­ become the nightmares of the world of Yet, today there are fast growing forces ship in a contest sponsored by Optimist tomorrow. • that seem bent on destroying the present But young people are indeed fortunate for system. The drummers are drumming, the International in Los Angeles, Calif., in that baton of leadership is not passed on to demonstrators are demonstrating, and doc­ 1970. Last month, he won third place and them alone. It is passed to a generation that uments and buildings are being burned and a $3,000 scholarship at the American includes men and women of all ages-a. gen­ bombed. Internal unrest and dissension are Legion National High School Oratorical eration that has within it the wisdom and approaching an all time high, and the time Contest held in Weirton, W. Va. tolerance that is necessary to temper and has come for us to decide if our constitution Donnie Paul began winning honors in strengthen the energy and vitality of youth­ is :flexible enough to meet the needs of the speech contests 4 years ago when he a generation that has within it the experi­ changing times or should we abandon it and ence to evaluate objectively in the light of let nature take its course. competed in a beginner's speech tourna­ history those dreams and ideals of the Finalizing a decision on whether to retain ment at Lawton, Okla. Since that time, young-so that we w111 not be destined to re­ or abolish the constitution requires us to he has won 55 medals and many tro­ live some of those trying experiences of the examine the pages of history to determine phies. In addition to the national tro­ past. how other nations have fa.red without a phies, Donnie also has won first place in Yes, this generation must truly be a part­ constitution. the National Forensic League State Com­ nership that commands the best qualities of Remember, if you please, the stories of the petition in men's extemporaneous speak­ both the young and adult societies-a part­ glories of an Ancient Greece, a democracy ing. He was the first contestant from nei:ship where each plays his unique role-­ without a Constitution. But a democracy resulting in the distinct advantages derived that has long since disappeared. Remember a Class B school to win that contest in from both groups. A partnership which w111 the grandeur of a Roman Republic, a re­ about a decade. be the focal point around which a. better public without a constitution that decayed A senior in Marietta High School, Don­ tomorrow w111 revolve. A partnership that from within and collapsed at the hands of nie has a straight A average and hopes to w111 not fumble as the baton of leadership the barbarians. Remember a modern Ger­ attend Oral Roberts University in Tulsa is passed to us. many without a Bill of Rights to protect in­ beginning this fall. His parents are Mr. But as we approach this fourth generation dividuals that t ook the lives of thousands and Mrs. 0. E. Minyard of Marietta. of Americans the relay analogy as most anal­ of Jews. And, finally, remember a modern I am happy to share with you copies of ogies is not completely comparable. The 4th 20th-century Soviet Union without a consti­ lap of a relay is usually the last-and cer­ tution that has purged itself of thousands of Donnie's winning orations in the Opti­ tainly if the 4th generation of Americans is people for voicing an opinion or supporting mist International and American Legion the last one then our civilization w111 have the wrong political candidate. oratorical contests: ended much too soon. For we have much to What does this imply? One of two things. YOUTH, FuLL PARTNERS IN A BETTER offer the world-and if it ends then tomor­ First that a democracy such as Greece and TOMORROW row w111 certainly not be a better one. Rome can not endure without a written law, A few years ago, a small nation--eager for So it is our responsibility-yours and and second that autocracies such as Germany prestige--found itself blessed with 4 of the mine--to form the partnership and work in and the Soviet Union can endure but the finest runners the world had seen. They and such a strict way that the 5th generation of lives of freedom-loving individuals are at everyone else fully expected them to win the Americans w111 find that we too have moved stake. relays in the Olympics and bring home to civilization forward to bigger and better Obviously, we need to retain our Constitu­ their country some of the honor and pres­ things--a.nd we utilize our talents of tomor­ tion, a document written and published so tige for which it so hungered. Careful train­ row's partnership. Let's heed the words of the that every citizen knows and understands his ing and many hours of practice were carried poet Louis Untermeyer in his poem "Prayer": rights and the role of the various levels of out. The day of the race finally arrived­ Open my ears to music government. A constitution that can stand the first three runners each brought the up to the glaring inspection of all foreigners. Let me thr111 to spring's first flutes and Perhaps the best evidence that the Consti­ baton to the other runner well ahead of the drums opposition-yet when it came time for the But never let me dare forget tution has withstood this inspection is the hand-off between the 3rd runner and the The bitter ballad of the slums fact that the Unit ed States is the only coun­ anchor man the baton was fumbled and try in the world where people are waiting in dropped. The anchor man recovered quickly From compromise and things half done lengthy lines to get in. The lines are lengthy but not in time to win the race. Did the 3rd Keep me with stern and stubborn pride, because they know that here they can voice runner stumble? Did the 4th runner start And when at last the fight is won, their opinions without fear o'f government sooner than expected? Or were they dis­ God, keep me st111 unsatisfied. repression. They can worship God as they tracted by something along on the sidelines? Yes, we can never afford to be satisfied that choose or not worship at all. Also, they can go to the polls and cast a secret ballot or st ay No one is quite sure--maybe it was all three all that can be done has been done, or that things-the important thing was that their home if they wish. Freedom of choice, nothing can be done. With that in mind, the right to life, liberty, and property are goal was not accomplished. with God's help-tomorrow will be better as Here in the United States as the decade of phrases that are trite and taken for granted today's youth ls accepted as full partners in in America although they are seemingly im­ the 70's begins we are faced with an almost working toward that goal. identical situation. It's almost time to share possible dreams to t he rest of the world. with the 4th generation of Americans the Yes, our Constitution has stood the test of baton of leadership. The first three genera­ THE AMERICAN CoNSTXTUTION, FoUNDATION OF ti.me and the inspection of the rest of the tions have excelled-they have brought our FREEDOM world, but what of those destructive forces nation to this point-wen ahead of other na­ On the evening of the seventeenth of within? Well, if our Constitution is going to tions. But the fact remains that if the tim­ June, 1858, an angular and homely-clad fig­ stand, we must do something more than ing ls off-if the preparation and training ure rose by a table in the Hall of the House "standing up and being counted." We must are inadequate--if we lose sight of our objec­ of Representatives in Springfield, Illinois. activate those Constitutional articles so that tive then the entire nation will suffer. There­ Standing before a cheering audience, he was no one can say that they are merely words fore, it becomes imperative that youth and the spokesman for a new cause, and events and phrases. But activating these articles is May 4, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 15989 not always easy. All of us must help make RESERVE COMPONENTS Chester County. She read with a. view to in­ those decisions that a.re truly value judg­ stilling in us a sense of pride in Carolina ments. For example, 'freedom of religion pro­ and America. In that gentle spinster's sure tects us from required religious exercises in HON. STROM THURMOND way she was instilling, too, something a.bout schools, but does it also deny us the right to OF SOUTH CAROLINA those ideas and ideals of man that make voluntary exercises? Freedom of speech guar­ him more than mere beast: his long quest antees us the right to express an opinion, but IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES for justice in a faulted world; his spirit of who has the right to speak-a speaker at a Thursday, May 4, 1972 freedom; his sense of obligation to do some­ microphone or a heckler in the crowd? Does thing a.bout these things; the elements of the teacher have the right or a student yell­ Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, it is inspiration and leadership requisite to move ing obscenities? Another example, freedom of a pleasure for me to bring to the atten­ men to great purpose; and of the buoyance, the press, the right to publish the truth. Does tion of the Senate and all Americans an the confidence, the basic charity that are this mean every obscene word and porno­ address delivered by Lt. Gen. Harris W. also needed in our striving for a better es­ graphic picture? The Constitution also says Hollis, Chief of Reserve Components, De­ tate. Miss Margaret was counselling us in the that no state can abridge the rights of any partment of the Army, and a native grand design. I see this now. citizen. This certainly carries with it the It is good to be back in South Carolina. right of every person to full use of all public South Carolinian, to the members of the and to celebrate with you the proud fact facilities, but does this also carry with it the South Carolina Department of the Re­ that we are Carolinians. right of the government to assign a student serve Officers Association at Fort Jackson South Carolina, in the almost 200 years of outside his school district? And finally, the on April 29, 1972. It was a pleasure for this nation's existence, has contributed rights of an accused person must be pro­ me to be present for this occasion which mightily to national affairs. Its noted states­ tected. We will agree that the idea of a fair reflected the true spirit of Americans. men, its soldiers, its public servants and trial is necessary and an accused person Mr. President, it was refreshing and other countless good and solid citizens, be­ should be advised of his rights. However, are encouraging to hear such an inspiring sides Francis Marion, have made their marks. a confessed klller's rights to life, liberty, and Just the other day we paid final honors to a property greater than the rights of a law­ address for America rather than against latter day giant, James F. Byrnes. I won't abiding citizen to the same things? it. South Carolina is proud to claim Gen­ presume to recite state history to a crowd You see, it isn't easy because there will eral Hollis. He is an outstanding repre­ of native sons and daughters, except to say always be the difference of opinions concern­ sentative of South Carolina, who like the obvious to this Department of the Re­ ing the extent of rights. Freedom of the press other patriotic and dedicated South serve Officers Association: This state and its can infringe on the right to a fair and im­ Carolinians of our great State, believes in people have never shirked from wholeheart­ partial trial. Freedom of speech can infringe the reality of the world in which we live ed commitment to the defense of the nation. upon the rights of others. And it's conflicts and not in the fantasy of protecting a Today we ponder our traditional stance like these that necessitate that all of us par­ in these matters, and its relative worth, as ticipate in making those decisions that will free America through weakness. General South Carolina moves beyond its tricenten­ keep the Constitution a living, viable Hollis personifies a statement he made in nial epoch into a challenging era. document. his address: A popular bumper sticker reads, "Make If we do not, then the Constitution will not This State and its people have never love, not war." But is it not true that, since survive, and the controversy surrounding shirked from wholehearted commitment to the dawn of history, man has been tempted each freedom will cause our own self-de­ the defense of the Nation. to "make love and war"? struction. Some controversy is good and ben­ One of the words used much these days is eficial, but t oo much is national suicide. A Thirty centuries of recorded history "relevant". The youth of this nation, if one few years ago, Irving Dillard of the St. Louis demonstrate the philosophical thesis of is to believe the printed word, views each Dispatch wrote "What I think about the General Hollis' address that weakness in­ action, each goal, in terms of relevance to state of our liberties ls the blackest thought vites aggression and war. America must the individual. In their seeking of a better I have had in my life. I am convinced that not be lulled into believing that free na­ way of life, any tradition, any dogma, any the Bill of Rights would not be submitted chart for the future must answer the ques­ and ratified as a part of the Constitution tions can survive without a strong de­ tion: "Is it relevant at this instance?" were it presented to Congress today." A some­ fense and the will to use it. This strength At this instance ours is a globe of explod­ what sad commentary on a very valuable relies heavier than ever before on our ing populations and unsatisfied aims and document. A commentary that only serves Reserve components as vividly presented hopes; an estate of frustrated dreruners and to point out that we must work to protect by General Hollis. America's future may "get-rich-quick" international gamblers. our ideas for we have too much that is good well depend on our Reserve Forces. Our The stresses and strains are all around us-­ to sacrifice it all in hopes that we might in the Far East, in that bridge across three come up with something better. God created country must support this vital element of our defense if we are to survive as a continents, the Middle East; in the aspira­ man as a reasoning, thinking person. It is tions of those within the Western Hemi­ this ability to reason and the energy to ex­ free nation. sphere who would export revolution through­ ercise that reason that will help us protect Mr. President, I ask unanimous con­ out; in Europe where an uneasy equilibrium our rights and freedoms under the Constitu­ sent that General Hollis' address be of power is juxtaposed between a growing tion. Several yea.rs ago, American forces in printed in the Extensions of Remarks. and ambitious complex of Soviet armed force Vietnam held their own oratorical contest in There being no objection, the speech and that of the nations of the free world­ which several hundred So'Ulth Vietnamese was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, where a balance of power favorable to our youngsters participated. Speaking eloquently, as follows: interest is the keystone of our security in quietly, but very sadly, each one beg,a.n his the decades a.head; indeed a must. The speech with the words-I have a dream. Al­ SOUTH CAROLINA AND NATIONAL DEFENSE potentiality for mischief and conflict in most every dream was about freedom~ne Remarks by Lt. Gen. Harris W. Hollis these t imes looms large. very small frail boy brought tears to the eyes Let me take you back a bit. In such an environment is our military of almost everyone when he concluded his power and the way we have organized it speech with a prayer that went something We follow where the Swamp Fox guides, relevant? like this: "God please help me to find free­ His friends and merry men are we; Let's put it to the test. Are strong and dom, and give me the strength to keep it." And when the troop of Tarleton rides, ready U.S. armed forces-active and re­ We in America found our freedoms through We burrow in the cypress tree ... serve-really relevant now in man's striving a revolution, and what we need now is the The true heart and the ready hand, for a better world? Let's look at the proposi­ strength to keep them. And we should never The spirit stubborn to be free, tion, not in a partisan or chauvinistic way, be willing to compromise any of our freedoms The twisted bore, the smiting brand­ but as thoughtful Americans. In some re­ to our enemies. Perhaps we should adhere to And we a.re Marion's men, you see. spects I risk preaching to the choir; but I the words of the poet, Louis Untermeyer in We follow where the Swamp Fox guides, will run the risk. his poem, "Prayer": We leave the swamp and cypress tree. Well-meaning individuals in our nation From Compromise and things half-done, Our spurs are in our coursers' sides, today, placing their trust in a belief that Keep me with stem and stubborn pride. And ready for the strife are we. nonviolent arbitration a.lone is the way to And when at la.st each fight is won, The Tory ca.mp is now in sight, solve all our ills, are, with moralistic fervor, God keep me still, unsatisfied. And there he cowers within his den. demanding again the war "be outlawed"­ He hears our shouts; he dreads the fight; that armaments be drastically reduced. The Yes, we should never be willing to com­ promise our freedmns to our enemies. For if He fears, and flies from Marion's men. thought of armed force ls painful to them. we do many will feel that those who have How long has it been since you have heard They do not see a need for significant Ameri­ died defending our country will have died these lines, written by William Gllmore can military power. Rather, they perceive in vain. But in another sense, 1f we compro­ Simms? that we can have a "greening", noncompeti­ mise our freedoms and end up losing them, In my mind's eye I can still see Miss tive America and keep it safe from the only our dead will be victors. For only our Margaret Sa.ye as she read a.loud to first and wolves, without the use of this power, 1! dead will be free. second graders in 1926 at Oakley Hall, in one but listen to them. I do not agree with 15990 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 4, 1972 this reasoning, as attractive a.sit may sound. striving before ma.k!l.ng categorical judgment We cannot play games with national de­ To me, it is a. new and tenuous search for we see, sadly, the attempts of those who fense. No one knows this better than the the golden fleece; it is a. dream of things would take decisions made in council and soldier-statesmen here. that never were. It would be a boon if such overturn there in the street. But one should It is in this context of political reality could be, but alas, it is in the nature of man take heed. "We have been so cocksure of so that military power and the mission of our himself, and not in arms, that war has its many things that were not so," Justice Oliver Reserve Component forces for which I share origin. Wendell Holmes admonl.P,hed, that we ought responsibility, take on new meaning and new We Americans-many of us-have never to see that "certitude is not the test of cer­ criticality, and let me turn to this now. been too keen on history-and we have mis­ tainty". When passion runs tyrant to the They are vital to our long term well-being. calculated more than once because we did mind, it is hard for re.a.son to flourish. We To get them ready we are moving forward not read the signs clearly. human beings have more than once in his­ on a. broad front. For example, World War II came about be­ tory applauded a.n imitation and hissed at We a.re issuing new, modern equipment, cause we did little to stay what was devel­ the real thing. including aircraft, reversing the mid-Sixty oping in Europe and Japan in the Thirties. Remember the angry crowd before Plla.te, trend when much of the Reserve equipment, Our attitudes prior to that war were domi­ " Crucify him! Set Barabbas free!" but not the Reserves themselves in meaning­ nated by absolutist thought-even then our Yet w~ must not downgrade the idealism ful numbers, were mobilized for the Vietnam universities produced some students who of youth-idealism is aft.er all ll. great thing. conflict. We a.re looking anew at our training swore not to help the United States should it We must be understandlng and charitable. methods; and we do have some problems. find itself at war. (Although, parenthetically, Our challenge is to help them idealize the The flood of incoming equipment presents they did not ask that the other side "send rea1ity, rather than making of reality a maintenance and security challenges. In­ more missiles to shoot down American fantasy. creased readiness for these combat units re­ plane.;.") In those days we failed to recog­ I dare say if we do that, these young quires close-in training areas. Not unexpect­ nize that rivalry among nations accompanies people would come to realize that strategic edly we are having trouble getting volun­ life. We passed Neutrality Acts; we kept our­ decisions call for seasoned judgment. experi­ teers. Six years a.go the number of enlistees selves weak; we preached out against the ence, a. widened knowledge of the world .and under the six-year Reserve program were world-to no avail. We did not aim to check a sound historical perspective. Hopefully, la.rge--some motivated by the draft-others and balance by countervailing power the con­ they will come to understand that superficial filling to 100 % the Selected Reserve Force tending power .we saw developing. Had we browsing in newspapers and catching units of that time. These enlistments are moved with credible power in 1936, that war snatches of commentary and lecture in the being terminated this year-just a.s we en­ might have been avoided. But we had not public media. are not the same bS the experi­ tered an essentially no-draft environment. anticipated nor la.id up that power; we ence one needs, for ex.ample, when remov­ An intensified recruiting and retention sys­ tempted the aggressor to make war. He did. ing a. pa,tient's sick lung or when deciding on tem designed to attract young men of all And what were the results of our simplistic the grave issues of war or peace. races has been organized and in the Army outlook? Let me recall with you: almost 300,- The thought of these things is enough to National Guard the strength seems to be im­ 000 U.S. dead and millions of others, and make one feel humble. proving. The US Army Reserve, however. is billions of national treasure expended. One Dr. Paul Ramsay. Professor of Religion at encountering somewhat more trouble. We are might reflect today, "How moral in their ef­ Princeton University, in his book The Just asking Congress for some inducements-but fects on man were those attitudes which War, reasons eloquently that "Peace and even this will not fully satisfy the issue. brought on that holocaust, when less cata­ justice a.re not linked by a.n invisible hand, Admittedly, we have been late getting clysmic means might have stopped the ag­ nor can political life endure without the started in these matters, but let's not kid gressor earlier. use of force"-possibly armed force. "You ourselves-the problem is more profound General George Marshall noted that war are not likely to win a.t the conference table," than thaJt. Given the way many a.re thinking, is not the clear choice of those who wish ho says, "anything that it seems evident you will we be able to man the force? Will we be passionately for peace, but rather the opt_ion could not win on the battlefield, or are not able, in a. no-draft environment, to attract of those who are willing to u se violent meas­ resolved to win." And Pascal observed that quality youth to our ranks? ures for political profit. He said: "justice and might must be wedded together The Reservist must be convinced that the "We finish each bloody war with a. feeling so that what.ever is just may be powerful time and efforts he devotes to the Reserve of acute revulsion ... and yet on each oc­ and what is mighty, just." Component units is important, is worthwhile casion we confuse military preparedness with In these things we should try to a.void to him and essential to his nation. We in the the ca.uses of war and then drift almost deli­ the fetters of wishful thinking. Yet, it is mtlita.ry must demonstrate these truths to berately into another ca.ta.strophe ... Until not altogether easy to train our thoughts him by our leadership and excellence. Others, it is proved ... a solution has been found to the stern realities that have been ma.n's too, must help. to . . . (eliminate) war, a rich nation which historical lot since time immemorial. I think we need to take a. stalwart view of lays down its arms as we have done ... (be­ For more than thirty centuries of recorded the matter. I know that many people do. fore) will court disaster." history sanguinary war has accompanied I know that some do not. As I go about the man's existence. country, I am from time to time asked the For awhile Marshall was heeded but a re­ question, "Do you really think the Reserves treat into weakness in the last Forties soon When Americans a.re sick of war and long can perform the mission which the Secretary tempted North Asian communist powers to for peace, we would rather the problems of of Defense has set out for them?" assault Korea----and once more we were in­ the world go a.way. We, some of us, would put volved in a war we might have deterred with these a.side, and the historical, perspectives That is a. pertinent question. It is made a.11 our power, had we had it. We tempted the as well, and live today doing our own thing", the more pertinent when one considers that by 1974 about 45% of the strength of the aggressor again. watching our own "La.ugh In" in a. kaleido­ Army will reside in the Reserve Components. Between Korea and now our national poli­ scopic way-in an instant interval-and not It is pertinent when one considers that about cies have been oriented more to the reali­ remember the pa.st. one and a half billion dollars were appro­ ties of world-wide confilot than before. We Some would say that our past history is priated for the Army Reserve forces in 1972, have seen, some of us, tha.t instances of non­ an improper basis upon which to make and something under two billion is asked for intervention can be just as immoral, per­ judgments in a. world of expanding pace and 1973. The question is not only pertinent, the haps even more so, than intervention. Aft.er accelerated knowledge; that to look to the business at hand is serious, very serious. all, the Good Samaritan int.ervened. Would past is sheer madness in a world of vastly My answer to that question is "Yes, if we he have been more moral had he not? The new experience. The revisionist historians want to. If the American people want to." problem is not so simple; the world is a. com­ tell us that even our understanding of that It is more a question of national will than plex ganglion of interacting forces in which period must be reinterpreted in the light of national capability. We have the means. Per­ good and evil are many times mixed. . t he new doctrines and ideology-and some haps a. better question to ask is, "Do we wa.ntt But in our frustrations with the latest would even leave out the facts in their to?" Are we willing ea.ch to contribute sin­ phase of the struggle, some would draw haste to redo history and the world. But cerely to these enterprises in appropriate strained conclusions a.bout America's need to if we must not be mad, should not our ways? We should stand up before our mirrors use responsibly its power !n maintaining respect for history be at least pious? After and ask ourselves this. Those of us who have justice, political community a.nd order with­ a.11, the philosopher has warned: "Those who children should a.sk it of ourselves in recog­ ir. the world. cannot remember the past a.re condemned to nition that these very children are hostages We have seen this week new antiwar repeat tt,"-George Santayana. to the fortunes of tomorrow. Our young peo­ demonstrations; angry young men from the Where does all this fit in? I think it fits ple are our most precious assets. My encoun­ universities and their affluent professors tak­ in where our forefathers placed it; to wit: ter with them has been exciting and heart­ ing to the streets with banners and slogans, "There is a rank due the United States warming. They are influenced by our atti­ certain of their own rectitude profuse in among nations that will be withheld if not tudes, our leadership, our goals, our capacity their condemnation of those who disagree, absolutely lost by the reputation of weak­ for ha.rd work and sacrifice, our state of and full of passion, moralistic fervor and ness. If we desire to avoid insult ... we energy in pursuit of these goals. idealism. In a.n era when publlc problems must be ready to repel it. If we desire peace, I do not accept the view that the sturdy have never been more complex. when the one of the institutions of our rising pros­ people of this land cannot do this job. We dimensions of these matters a.re such that perity, it must be known that we are a.t all can do it if we all put our shoulders to the one could devote many months of study and times ready for wa.r."-George Washington. wheel and keep a. glea.ni in our eyes. > \ May 4, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 15991 We can do it, if the opinion makers and important role in Members of Congress These civilian technicians are an es­ the state, city and county fathers-at large­ for Peace Through Law. Under his chair­ sential part of the National Guard. They stress the importance and honorable nature manship during the 91st Congress, the respond in emergencies with the same of the task of the citizen-soldier. We can do it, if the employers throughout MCPL grew in size from 62 members to sense of dedication and commitment as the land recognize that their larger inter­ 105. He also was responsible for changing those who serve in the military, and they ests are served by a program which encour­ the nature of the organization from a are vital to the defense of this Nation. ages their employees to participate in the study group to an action group. In addi­ Their service to the country should Reserve Component program. tion, Brad has served as congressional be fully recognized. This legislation will We can do the job, if there is a widespread adviser to the U.S. delegation at the 18- do that. understanding that with our modern equip­ Nation Disarmament Conference in ment, now being delivered, we need places to train-and that our installations and Geneva, and has served as a member of training areas are important to that end. the Council on Foreign Relations, and NATIONAL CIVIL RIGHTS WEEK FOR It is paradoxical that some would have these director of the Pan American Develop- THE DISABLED taken away for other uses, at the very time ment Foundation. · when the government ls emphasizing more Yet, despite his deep involvement with than ever the role of Reserve forces. foreign affairs, Brad Morse never lost HON. HUGH L. CAREY We can do this job, if all of us get our site of his district and its problems. As OF NEW YORK sights lined up on what is really important a fellow member of the Massachusetts to us. I would certainly include in this that delegation, I can testify to Brad's tire­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES program which keeps us free and reasonably Thursday, May 4, 1972 safe in a competitive world. less devotion to those problems which We can get our Reserves ready and strong affect 01.::- area of the country. On the oil Mr. CAREY of New York. Mr. Speaker, if we all understand how important it is for import quota, on the problem of unem­ I would like to call to the attention of each of us first to decide that we are going ployment, on the problem of pollution, my colleagues National Civil Rights to do it; to decide that the matter ls indeed on the energy crisis. Brad Morse's pres­ Week for the Disabled beginning today, important and must be done. ence was felt in ithe Congress. The citi­ May 5 through 13. "The commands of democracy", said Wood­ zens of the Fifth District will have lost row Wilson, "are as imperative as its privi­ I am proud of the leadership shown by leges." an effective and respected voice in Con­ these New York groups: Disabled in Ac­ I have unbounded faith in the American gress, but I am sure that they, too, are tion, Disabled in Coalition, Spina Bifida people, young and old. happy and proud about Brad's new post. Association, National Association for When the issues are clear, I believe that Finally, in addition to being a good the Physicially Handicapped, Pride, and they will overwhelmingly want to insure, in Congressman, Brad Morse has also been HSO in securing equal rights for physi­ company with South Carolinians, that our a good friend, and I will miss him after cally and mentally disabled Americans. powder is dry and our defenses sure. Keep­ he leaves. His constant good humor, co­ ing the Reserve Components strong is a part National Civil Rights Week for the of that sure way. operation, and good sense has added Disabled is the first concerted, struc­ As Americans see ahead their freedom a measure of enjoyment to my own job. tured -effort to raise the collective con­ worth enjoying, they will surely see it worth It has been a pleasure to work with sciousness of America, to come before defending, and worth perfecting; so that jus­ Brad and I wlll miss him, but rm sure he our fellow citizens with the neglected tice, liberty, order, and the pursuit of happi­ will keep in touch and let us know about needs and bypassed problems of genera­ ness may be more fully realized-at home the good work he is doing at the U .N. tions of disabled Americans. It chal­ and for men of good will everywhere. lenges the humanity and imagination of the legislators and private citizens whose indifference and inertia has cre­ TRIBUTE TO BRAD MORSE EQUITABLE RETIREMENT CREDIT ated a crisis in social justice within our FOR NATIONAL GUARD TECH­ society. NICIANS Mr. Speaker, I invite Members and HON. MICHAEL HARRINGTON staff to join with us in observing May 5 OP MASSACHUSE'l"l'S as National Advocacy Day for the Dis­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES HON. ROBERT P. GRIFFIN abled to be marked by a mass march from the Washington Hilton Hotel to Thursday, May 4, 1972 OJ' KICmGAN IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES the Capitol west front. The march be­ Mr. HARRINGTON. Mr. Speaker, gins at 9: 30 a.m. and will conclude with after 11 years of dedicated and distin­ Thursday, May 4, 1972 a rally at the Capitol at 11: 30 a.m. guished service in the House, my good Mr. GRIFFIN. Mr. President, I wish The executive president of one of the friend and colleague from Massachusetts. to register my strong support for S. 855, New York groups, Disabled in Action, is Brad Morse, is leaving to become the which the Senate approved yesterday by Miss Judy Heumann. Miss Huemann had Under Secretary General for Political and a voice vote. This bill will correct certain polio as a child and has been confined to General Assembly Affairs at the United inequities in crediting the service of Na­ a wheelchair ever since. A graduate of Nations. This post was last held by the tional Guard technicians toward their Long Island University in Brooklyn, she late Dr. Ralph Bunche and I am con­ civil service retirement. tried to obtain a teaching position and fident that Brad will be able to perform I am a cosponsor of the bill, which was was turned down, because of her disa­ the duties of Under Secretary General introduced by the distinguished Senator bility. She refused to yield to this dis­ with the same competence and wisdom from New Hampshire (Mr. COTTON). crimination and sued the Board of Edu­ that earned Dr. Bunche the respect and Mr. President, a retirement program cation to permit her to teach. She won admiration of the world. was established by the 90th Congress for the suit, and was given a position at Brad's main area of interest has al­ the 41,000 National Guard technicians. P.S. 219 teaching art and music to dis­ ways been foreign policy. As a member The program has helped the Guard to abled children. of the Committee on Foreign Affairs retain the services of very valuable tech­ This remarkable woman, who has Brad has contributed his broad knowl­ nicians who are often subject to attrac­ served as a model for other disabled per­ edge, expertise, and good sense to the tive employment offers from private in­ sons, has been one of those responsible committee's deliberations, earning the dustry with better retirement and fringe for working for the rights of the dis­ respect and friendship of members from benefits. abled. She considers the disabled to be both sides of the aisle. At present, National Guard techni­ the most discriminated-against minor­ Brad Morse has always been in the cians receive only a 55-percent credit ity in the country. Miss Heumann is one forefront of the House of Representa- toward their retirement for years of of the founders of Disabled in Action, tives in the quest for peace. He was one service prior to 1969. Enactment of s. which is an organization run by and for of the earliest Members to adovcate a 855 will eliminate this discriminatory the disabled with the goal of securing peaceful settlement to the tragic conflict feature and accord them full credit for full human rights for the disabled citi­ 1n Vietnam. He has played an active and past service. zens of America. < <. / 15992 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 4, 1972 I MRS. EVA FERGUSON worked so beautifully with us. _However, I Her face glowing as she related these treas­ miss the close feeling with the children." ured experiences, Mrs. Ferguson said of the She still deals with children, but more flowers: "I said to myself, why would a senior HON. CHARLES H. GRIFFIN often than not, perhaps, in the problem area. boy do such a thoughtful thing for an old OF MISSISSIPPI Mrs. Ferguson would still be a school woman like me?" teacher in Mississippi if she had to start all However, not a week goes by, she said, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRE8ENTATIVES over again. that she doesn't hear from her former stu­ Thursday, May 4, 1972 "I have loved my work,'' she stated. "I have dents, many of whom come by for a visit. had the best bosses in the state and the most "I know they think I'm hard-they call me Mr. GRIFFIN. Mr. Speaker, I noted delightful children." 'Old Lady Ferguson,'' she said, "and I still with interest an article in the April 30, Former pupils of Mrs. Ferguson are scat­ use a paddle. But I think children want to be 1972, issue of the Clarion Ledger-Jack­ tered around the world. disciplined." son Daily News on the impending retire­ The teacher-administrator hasn't ventured But she has not found anything to top the ment of Mrs. Eva Ferguson, my high far from h9r native Florence, where she was great satisfaction that comes from "knowing school mathematics teacher. born and raised. She obtained her Bachelor's you have helped somebody else have a better degree from Blue Mountain College, and she life," she affirmed. "It's worth it all." Mrs. Ferguson has devoted 43 years to has taken post graduate courses at Missis­ classroom teaching and administration. sippi College, Peabody College and Millsaps She taught me mathematics at Utica College. High School and was not only a source of Her first year as a teacher was spent in HON. J. EDGAR HOOVER knowledge, but a source of inspiration to Mendenhall in 1929-30 when she taught col­ all of her students. lege algebra at Simpson County Agricultural High School during a session when an at­ As Mrs. Ferguson enters this new phase tempt was made to expand the institution HON. JOHN S. MONAGAN of her life, I join all of her former stu­ into a junior college, an attempt that was OF CONNECTICUT dents in wishing her good health and subsequently abandoned. happiness. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES TO HINDS COUNTY Wednesday, May 3, 1972 Under leave to extend my remarks, I The next year she came to Hinds County include the aforementioned article: as a teacher at Utica. High School, and she's Mr. MONAGAN. Mr. Speaker, the re­ FOREST HILL HONORS MRS. EVA FERGUSON been teaching in the county ever since. gret which Americans felt upon learning (By Billy Skelton) Thirteen years at Utica were followed by of the sudden death of J. Edgar Hoover Mrs. Eva Ferguson is a woman who has three yea.rs at Liberty Grove ( a former extended beyond our borders because Mr. spent many hours of her life convincing county school which is now Watkins Elemen­ Hoover's dedication to the preservation school children that they could do something tary School in the Jackson Municipal Sepa­ rate School District) and 26 years at Forest of the freedom, security, and well-being they did not think they could do. Hill. of our people brought recognition to him That is, learn mathematics. on a worldwide basis. Indeed, under his Mrs. Ferguson, assistant principal at Forest Commenting on changes in the schools over Hill High School who will retire in June after the years, Mrs. Ferguson said "I didn't know direction for 2 years short of a half cen­ the term, code of dress,'' when I started as 43 years as a school teacher and administra­ tury, the Federal Bureau of Investigation As tor, spent more than 25 of those years teach­ a teacher. she said it a boy was s·eated in became the outstanding federal investi­ ing math. her office because he had on a shirt that did gative agency in the world. Asked how she helped pupils intimidated not meet school requirements. Under his guidance which, admittedly by the subject, Mrs. Ferguson said it was She welcomes the individualization of in­ was not without criticism, the FBI de­ mostly a job of convincing them that they struction-in fact, she welcomed it in her own classroom by instituting the basic method veloped a force of dedicated and quali­ were capable of doing the work. fied men in the Hoover pattern, adopting In algebra classes, she learned that many many years ago. difficulties were caused by the fact that the Mrs. Ferguson said she changed somewhat the latest technological and scientific students were not reading the problems. her instructional methods yearly, as she re­ develop men ts in the war against crime So, she taught them to read to understand. quired, for one example, less work by stu­ and to meet the continuing threats to the After that she helped them work the prob­ dents at the blackboard and put more of security of our people. I have noted with lem, if they needed aid, and as soon as pos­ them to work on problems individually. interest and understanding that in death sible she put them on their own to do the Desegregation has brought about more he is praised even by those with whom work without help. changes, and she oommented that it has put a much heavier pressure on administrators. he had traded criticisms in the course of "I didn't have just too many failures," she his noteworthy career in the fight against said. Her way of coping with these problems has FOUND ABILITIES been to generalize, "to try to be very fair." crime. What will she do when the school bell rings It was my sad experience to report Mr. One secret of her success may be that she next year? attempted to find something every child Hoover's death to many of his friends could do. "I don't know," she replied. "I just don't and, perhaps some of his adversaries, at Overcoming their fear of failure, the chil­ know. I guess I'll stay home and be a house­ a hearing Tuesday morning of the Legal dren overcome the subject. wife, something I've missed out on a lot all and Monetary Affairs Subcommittee of She has found the method of convincing these years." the Committee on Government Opera­ a student of his ability has been effective in LOOK TO TRAVEL tions, of which I am chairman. Today other areas of school work, including things Mrs. Ferguson's husband, Howard Fergu­ we recessed another hearing of this sub­ that come to her attention a.s a principal. son, is a retired Illinois Central railroad Mrs. Ferguson, who looks nowhere near re­ clerk, and she thinks they will use their re­ committee at which the principal witness tirement age, believes that any teacher "who tirement years to travel, first in the states was Secretary of Housing and Urban works at it" can eliminate many of the fail­ and possibly later abroad. Disney World may Development Romney, in order to attend ures in classwork. be their first stop. the memorial services in the rotunda of The community of Forest Hill will honor Although she has been a career woman as the Capitol. J. Edgar Hoover has won Mrs. Ferguson with a program Monday night well as a housewife, Mrs. Ferguson does not high honor and appreciation from the to begin at 7: 30 in the Shellle Bailey Coli­ want to be a part of the women's liberation Nation which he served. seum. "Everybody is invited," Principal Joe movement. Walker has announced. Combining marriage and a career has been J. Edgar Hoover and the FBI were She has found administration-Mrs. Fergu­ easy, Mrs. Ferguson said, "because I have such active when the country needed their son became an assistant principal in 1955- an understanding husband. He has enjoyed services-"gang-busting" in the 1930's; a little more difficult than teaching. my school work along with me." pursuing Nazi spies in the 1940's track­ Although she has found some of the same The Fergusons are members of th.e First ing Communist agents attempting to a~- problems with teachers that she has with Baptist Church of Jackson, and Mrs. Fergu­ quire the plans of the A-bomb in the students-"They both forget, and are tardy son is also a member of Delta Kappa. Gamma, 1950's; and during recent years organi­ sometlmes"-she said there are some meth­ the Hinds County Teachers Association and zations which threaten overthrow of the ods that can be used with puplls that can't the Mississippi Education Association. United States through force and vio­ be used with teachers. Like many teachers, Mrs. Ferguson feels Which has she enjoyed most, being a especially honored by the kind comments on lence. teacher or principal? She likes both equally, her work by former (and current) pupils. J. Edgar Hoover effectively carried out she asserted. A successful Delta. businessman came by not his duties under eight Presidents and 16 ENJOYED WORK long ago to tell her she was the best teacher Attorneys General. It is my hope that the "I really have enjoyed the years I have he ever had, and on Easter this year a Forest FBI will continue in this fine tradition worked with teachers," she said. "They have Hill boy gave her flowers. which is the legacy J. Edgar Hoover has May 4, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 15993 left to this country. We have truly lost terns. and docking assemblies. They a.greed in to two-thirds of the chapters. Manuscripts a great American public servant to whom princiDle or in detail on a number of tech­ for these chapters are to be finished by nical solutions and requirements and iden­ May 1, 1972. all of us owe a debt of gratitude. tified a number of other problems which required additional development and dis­ NATIONAL AERONAUTICS cussion. They also agreed that studies should AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION, be made of the technical and economic im­ Washington, D.0., April 24, 1972. U.S./U.S.S.R. COOPERATION IN plications of experiments that might be U.S./U.S.S.R. REPORTS ON DOCKING SPACE RESEARCH conducted to test the technical solutions for The Academy of Sciences of the USSR and compatible systems and that a first such the National Aeronautics and Space Admin­ experiment might be the docking of an istration have approved a second set of re­ HON. JOHN R. RARICK Apollo-type spacecraft with a manned or­ ports by Joint Working Groups on studies bital scientific station of the Salyut type. of compatible rendezvous and docking sys­ OF LOUISIANA b. The three Joint Working Groups met tems for manned spacecraft. The working IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES again in Moscow, November 29-December 7, groups met in Moscow, Nov. 29-Dec. 6, 1971. 1971, and made progress toward completing Thursday, May 4, 1972 Purpose of the meetings was to define the definition of technical requirements for technical requirements for the possible ren­ Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, I include compatible systems in future spacecraft, as dezvous and docking of US and USSR well as in planning possible joint test mis- manned spacecraft. Compatible systems a report from NASA covering the No­ sions. vember 29 through December 6, 1971, would permit emergency assistance as well Space science and applications as joint experiments. No decision has been U.S./U.S.S.R. joint space research meet­ a. On June 10, 1971, representatives of 24, 1972, taken that would commit either the US or ings and the April press release NASA and the Soviet Academy exchanged ap­ the Soviet Union to a joint manned space in the RECORD at this point: proximately three grams of lunar material mission. NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE returned by Luna 16 for about 3 grams of The meetings took place under the NASA/ ADMINISTRATION, 1unar samples returned by Apollo 11 and the Soviet Academy agreement of Oct. 28, 1970. Washington, D.O., May 3, 1972. same amount returned by Apollo 12. A previous meeting was held at the Manned Hon. JOHN R. RARICK, b. Joint Working Groups met in Moscow Spacecraft Center, Houston, Texas, from House of Representatives, in August and October, 1971, to make recom­ June 21-25, 1971. Washington, D.O. mendations for expanded cooperation under Working Group 1 substantially completed DEAR MR. RARICK: Enclosed (Tab A) is a the NASA/Soviet academy agreement of general documentation on life support sys­ statement on US/USSR Cooperation in Space January 21, 1971. tems, coordinate systems, and constraints on Research. (1) The Working Group on Near-Earth spacecraft configuration. The Group a.greed Since this statement was prepared the re­ Space, the Moon, and the Planets recom­ on objectives and preliminary documentation ports from the November 29 through De­ mended continued exchange of lunar sam­ requirements for a possible test mission, as cember 6, 1971, meetings were approved, as ples; rapid exchange of findings of special well as to exchanges on launch windows, pointed out in more detail in the April 24, interest by the current U .S. and Soviet Mars certain program elements of a test mission, 1972, press release (Tab B) . probes; working seminars to consider scien­ and communications channels which the re­ If I can provide any additional informa­ tific objectives, strategy, and results, and spective control centers would require. tion, please let me know. cross-calibration of instruments; and expert Working Group 2 listed guidance and con­ Sincerely, consideration of the principles of construct­ trol systems and onboa.rd equipment of US GERALD J. MossINGHOFF, ing a common lunar coordinate system. and USSR spacecraft which would need to Deputy Assistant Administrator for Leg­ (2) The Working Group on the Natural be compatible. Documentation on lights, islative Affairs. Environment recommended experiments in docking targets and contact conditions, con­ remote sensing of the environment at sites trol systems and radio tracking has been u.s.;u.s.S.R. COOPERATION IN SPACE RESEARCH in the U.S. and the USSR, with each coun­ nearly completed. BACKGROUND try carrying out the research at its own sites, With respect to a possible test mission, Cooperation with the Soviet Union in space and joint efforts in remote sensing of the Working Group 2 considered communications has been marked by three distinct phases: ocean to relate satellite measurements to and tracking systems and agreed on docking 1. From 1955 to early 1962, US overtures for sea surface measurements. contact criteria. and on a docking target for cooperation evoked no response from the (3) The Working Group on Space Meteor­ installation in the center of the docking USSR. ology recommended a review of the existing hatch. Additional work will be necessary on 2. In the spring of 1962, a Kennedy­ methods of temperature sounding from satel­ control stabilization requirements and their Khrushchev exchange of letters led to tech­ lites, a. joint experiment in methods of micro­ relationship to spacecraft size, and on the nical discussions which produced four lim­ wave measurement, assurance that ground design, development schedule, evaluation and ited agreements for projects in satellite stations for receiving cloud cover data from installation of the new docking target con­ meteorology, communications, magnetic satellites (APT receivers) of both countries cept. survey, and in space biology and medicine. will be as nearly identical as possible, and Working Group 3 agreed to a series of Soviet performance in implementing these coordinated meteorological rocket soundings basic values for a compatible docking system, early and limited projects was disappointing, a.long selected meridional zones in the Ea.st­ including the diameter of the tunnel through and it was obvious that Soviet leadership ern and Western Hemispheres. which astronauts and cosmonauts might placed space cooperation low on its scale of (4) The Working Group on Space Biology pass. Further study ls required for the de­ priorities. and Medicine began an exchange of data an d velopment of a single joint concept. Also still 3. In late 1969, a new phase began when results from the Soyuz and Apollo programs to be agreed are programming and methods the President of the Soviet Academy re­ and recommended procedures for expanded of con ducting tests at various stages of de­ sponded affirmatively to suggestions from the exchange of information in space biology velopment. The Working Group agreed to Administrator of NASA that they meet to and medicine. create a scale model of a docking system that discuss expanded cooperation. This led to an All of the above recommendations were would allow verification of the parameters agreement (October 28, 1970) to design com­ confirmed by the principals, and steps to im­ and ensure compatibility at an early stage patible rendezvous and docking arrange­ plement them are in progress. Both parties of development. It was a.greed that the next ments anti to a second agreement (Janu­ have sent the other reports on findings of meeting of the Joint Working Groups would ary 21, 1971) for the exchange of lunar special interest from their respective probes be held in the United States. One such Work­ samples, for exchanges on scientific results to Mars. ing Group meeting was held at Houston in and objectives, for certain coordinated c. In accord with the agreement of Janu­ March. scientific activities, and on procedures for ary 21, 1971, the National Oceanic and recommending additional cooperation in Atmospheric Administration ls coordinating space science and applications. directly with the Soviet Hydrometeorological THE LATE J. EDGAR HOOVER CURRENT STATUS Service to improve the exchange of meteoro­ logical satelllte data provided for in the Bi­ Thus far, Soviet performance under the lateral Space Agreement of 1962. HON. JAMES J. DELANEY new agreements of 1970 and 1971 has been positive. Joint review of space biology and medicine OF NEW YORK Rendezvous ancl clocking The project for publishing a joint review IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES a. Three Joint Working Groups, meeting of U.S./USSR experience in space biology and Wednesday, May 3, 1972 medicine, a.greed between NASA and the So­ in Houston, June 21-25, 1971, considered Mr. DELANEY. Mr. Speaker, it was the technical requirements for compatible viet Academy in 1965, lagged until 1969, when systems including the general methods and the Soviets took a renewed interest in it. with deep sadness that I learned of the means for rendezvous and docking, radio and Since then, there has been steady progress. passing of J. Edgar Hoover, the highly optical reference systems, communications The exchange of chapter materials is virtual­ respected Director of the Federal Bu­ systems, life support and crew transfer sys- ly complete, and authors have been assigned reau of Investigation. 15994 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 4, 1972 He was a great patriot, and a man of At the same time, millions of Ameri­ as a living testament. I feel it would be unquestionable honesty and character. cans cannot find jobs, and a whole crop appropriate, however, that the new FBI Through his tireless efforts and exem­ of high school graduates this June will building be named after J. Edgar Hoover. plary devotion to duty, the FBI, under find few opportunities to use their edu­ Mr. Hoover was a dedicated and proud his leadership of more than 47 years, cation and talents. American. We mourn his passing. became widely recognized as the most Future historians will surely find this effective law enforcement agency in the era of American history an unbelieveable world. study of contradictions and futility: He was tough and strong at a time Problems begging to be solved, projects NIXON AND THE HANOI OFFENSIVE when toughness and strength were begging to be done; millions begging for needed. He demanded the best of his employment, but the money that could agents and employees, and he got it. make these things possible being wasted HON. DONALD W. RIEGLE, JR. Mr. Hoover was the FBI, and he had the on a war that nobody wants; billions of OF MICHIGAN profound respect and admiration of the dollars spent to devastate a tiny nation IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES American people. halfway around the world. Thursday, May 4, 1972 He was not only a courageous and Mr. Speaker, on this Emergency Na­ Mr. RIEGLE. Mr. Speaker, yesterday vigorous crime :fighter, but also a relent­ tionwide Moratorium Day, I join millions James Reston wrote a perceptive article, less foe of atheistic communism and of my fellow Americans in renewing our which was carried by the Washington other alien movements dedicated to sub­ plea to President Nixon-stop the bomb­ Evening Star, concerning the dilemmas version of our form of government. ing, stop the slaughter, stop the destruc­ facing President Nixon in Vietnam. I He served this Nation with brilliant tion; bring our boys home, and let us get would like to insert it into the CONGRES­ distinction under eight Presidents. down to the job of rebuilding America. SIONAL RECORD at this point: J. Edgar Hoover symbolized much that was good about America. His loss leaves NIXON FACING HARDEST DECISION a void that will be extremely difficult to NEW YoRK.-President Nixon ls now ap­ :flll. FBI STANDS AS LIVING TESTAMENT proa.ching another critical declsion 1n Viet­ TO J. EDGAR HOOVER nam: What to do if the enemy stops the in­ vasion before or after the battle for the for­ mer Vietnamese capital of Hue, and offers to EMERGENCY NATIONWIDE MORA­ HON. LAWRENCE COUGHLIN make a deal while Hanoi is 1n control of a TORIUM DAY large part of the north of South Vietnam? OF PENNSYLVANIA There have been some reliable indications IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES through the embassies in Paris and Wash­ HON. WILLIAM D. FORD Wednesday, May 3, 1972 ington that Hanoi and the National Libera­ OF MXCHIGAN tion Front wlll do Just that, and such a pause IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. COUGHLIN. Mr. Speaker, I join in the fighting would put the Nixon admin­ with Americans throughout the Nation istration and the Thieu government 1n Sai­ Thursday, May 4, 1972 to pay tribute to J. Edgar Hoover, whose gon in a very awkward sttua.tion. Mr. WILLIAM D. FORD. Mr. Speaker, death ends an era. So long as the Communist offensive goes on-and it ls making alarming progress-Nlx­ today has been designated Emergency As the FBI's Dire.ctor for 48 years, Mr. on's policy is clear. He has stated that he Nationwide Moratorium Day, a time for Hoover was responsible for developing would do "whatever is necessary," short of . concerned Americans to express, in their the agency into an incorruptible inves­ using atomic weapons or sending the Ameri­ own way, their opposition to our Nation's tigative force whose reputation extends can expeditionary force back into the battle continued intervention in Southeast Asia. far beyond our borders. on the ground-"untll the North Vietnam­ The events of the past few days in Mr. Hoover himself exemplified the ese stop their offensive in South Vietnam.' Vietnam have demonstrated once ag·ain qualities of the tough but fair adminis­ But he has left himself an out. He has not said that he would continue his air and naval the utter futility of our long and costly trator. When he became Director in 1924, attacks until they pull back of the demili­ effort to support the Government of the FBI was mired in bureaucratic inef­ tarized zone and get their troops out of South South Vietnam. ficiencies and was tinged with scandal. Vietnam, but only "until the invasion stops." President Nixon's claims of success for With resoluteness and purpose, Mr. What then if it stops, with Hanoi in substan­ his Vietnamization program were dra­ Hoover set out to make the FBI a law tial control o! the north or even of Hue? matically refuted by newspaper ac­ enforcement agency without peer. That "The only thing we have refused to do," counts of South Vietnamese troops in he succeeded so well is evidenced by the Nixon said in his last Vietnam policy state­ headlong retreat, s·tealing cars, and record of the FBI since he assumed com­ ment on April 26, "is to acceed to the en­ emy's demand to overthrow the lawfully con­ trucks at gunpoint from fleeing civilians, mand in 1924. stituted. government of South Vietnam and and engaging in mass looting in the city I think that Mr. Hoover was a remark­ to impose a Communist dictatorship in its of Hue. able man who produced a remarkable place." Meanwhile, we continue to spend $18,- record as FBI Dire.ctor. But when Le Due Tho of the North Viet­ 000,000 a day for a war that the over­ First, he proved that an individual namese politiburo got back to Paris on whelming majority of Americans have could make a difference by taking the April 30 to repoen the negotiations, he denied long since come to oppose. scandal-soiled FBI and turning it into a that he was demanding a Communist gov­ President Nixon continues to remind model of crime-fighting proficiency, free ern ment in Saigon. from corruption and graft, based on the "In South Vietnam;• he said 1n a. formal us that he is withdrawing American statement, "what we want ls a. government troops, but American dollars are still be­ integrity of its Director and agents. of national harmony ... we in no way want ing poured into the war. The total coot Second, the FBI, under J. Edgar to impose a. 'Communist regime' in South of the air war alone last year was nearly Hoover, successfully resisted political Vietnam such as Mr. Nixon has fabricated, $2.8 billion. Every bombing mission of a pressures that could have subverted the but our people a.re also determined not to B-52 costs the American taxpayers $41,- lofty role of the FBI to that of a national permit the American administration to 000. Every day, we spend $7,000,000 for police force, beholden to the administra­ establish a puppet power in its pay." Well, we have heard all this before, but bombs, rockets, and bullets which are tion in office at any given time. with the enemy invasion cutting South Viet­ spreading death and destruction in both I think, also, we owe a great debt of nam in ha.If and threatening Hue, the alter­ North and South Vietnam. gratitude to Mr. Hoover for his service natives before the President are hard and At the same time, our own economy during World War II. While those times even ominous. The farther south the enemy stagnates. Our President vetoes money now may seem far distant, the role of penetrates, the closer the armies get together for education, he impounds money ap­ Mr. Hoover and the FBI was especially and the more they move into populous civil­ propriated by Congress for highways, critical on the homefront while our mili­ ian areas, where the President has to risk hit­ ting the ARVN and the South Vietnamese sewers, waterlines, urban renewal, and tary services and those of our Allies were people. hospitals. Our educational syst;em is col­ engaged in the awesome task of defeat­ He can insist on :fighting the battle lapsing, our health standards are dete­ ing Hitler's forces. through, relying on the South Vietnamese riorating, our cities are crumbling, our The Hoover era has ended, but the and American air and naval power to smash water and air remain pollut.ed. FBI that he nurtured and built stands the invasion and drive the enemy back of (

\ May 4, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 15995 the DMZ, or, 1! the enemy paused and offers The FBI was Hoover's life and it re­ the air war, the administration leaned to negotiate at Hue, he can agree to negotiate flected his personality and character. It is on the weightless argument that we must for a coalition government in Saigon, with the finest law enforcement agency in the protect our remaining troops. We must the Communists and without General Thieu. world. I can attest to this first hand. protect our troops, but experts agree that It is a hard bargain, but he is probably going to have to choose between fighting For many years of my life, in the the bombing of Hanoi and Haiphong will even harder while he withdraws his ground 1950's, I served as an assistant U.S. at­ not have the desired effect. If the prom­ forces, or negotiating a new coalition gov­ torney in the eastern district on Long ises made 4 years ago by the President errunent in Saigon. Nixon has been up against Island. My job was to prosecute Federal had been honored, there would be no many hard decisions since he entered the crimes. My detective agency was the U.S. troops in Vietnam to protect. I say, White House, but this may be the hardest of FBI. and the American people say, eliminate all, especially since he has to try to recon­ Each day I would read and rely on re­ the administration's excuse for massive cile the tough moral line he took at Secre­ ports of criminal activity by the FBI. tary Connally's ranch in Texas with his mis­ bombing raids and the destruction of sion to Moscow this month to negotiate "a These reports reflected the excellence of more American lives; protect our POW's generation of peace," which is his main presi­ the agency. They were competent, eff ec­ and withdraw all our forces now. dential election argument. tive, honest and set forth all the facts, Mr. Speaker, the frustrating and dis­ In the middle of his first term in the White both those against a defendant and those tressing fact right now is that despite House, Nixon offered to negotiate a settle­ favoring him. They were factual and fair. public outcry, despite congressional pro­ ment on the basis of the hard political and The agents themselves were men of test, the President persists in intensify­ geographical facts: Who was in control of great integrity and devotion to duty. ing military operations in Vietnam at his what in South Vietnam. And now Hanoi They followed the lead of their chief, and seems to be testing that proposition. own discretion and the Congress as a Nixon gave three reasons in his April 26 he led by personal example. whole declines to challenge his authority. statement for continuing the battle: "First, The FBI stands today as a model of The Congress must assume the respon­ to protect our remaining American forces. what a law enforcement agency can and sibility for ending the war now. We are Second, to permit continuation of our with­ should be. When Hoover took it over, it Representatives of the American people drawal program. And third, to prevent the was a small, unreliable group of men. He and we cannot tum our backs on the imposition of a Communist regime on the turned that situation around. Each day American people's plea for peace. I urge people of South Vietnam against their will, we read sad stories of how a group of law my colleagues to join with me in meeting with the inevitable bloodbath that would enforcement officers in this city or that follow for hundreds of thousands who have the efforts of so many concerned Ameri­ dared to oppose Communist aggression." have been indicted for corruption. Their cans; but even more essential, I urge Hanoi's answer to this, from Le Due Tho numbers are small but the effect of the them to heed the public's outcry and in Paris, was that his government would stories is demoralizing. Over the years, in bring an end to our involvement in guarantee the protection of the remaining spite of the thousands of agents who have Southeast Asia. American forces, and the release of the come and gone, the FBI has remained American prisoners, and that it didn't want scandal-free. It has been the most honest to impose a Communist government on and efficient agency of the Federal Gov­ Saigon, but that it "demanded" the "imme­ ernment. J. EDGAR HOOVER: THE NATION'S diate resignation" of Nguyen Van Thieu as "TOP COP," ESTEEMED NATION­ head of the Saigon regime, and a change of It has its enemies and detractors. Most policy in Saigon by a new coalition govern­ are those who fear the FBI. Since I have AL HERO ment, including the Communists. held Federal positions, I too have been Nothing could be harder for Nixon to investigated by them and I know how swallow, but he may have to swallow it or thorough they are. I never resented this HON. J. J. PICKLE fight even harder than before by the end of because I knew it was for the protection OF TEXAS this month. The danger at the moment is of the public in general. In many ways IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES that Hanoi is doing so well in the drive to­ the importance of the FBI can be proven ward Hue thait it may think it can smash its by a review of its critics. Thursday, May 4, 1972 way to a military victory and not only de­ moralize and defeat Saigon but humiliate The death of Mr. Hoover is not the end Mr. PICKLE. Mr. Speaker, today this Washington. of an era. It should be the start of a tra­ Nation buries a man it has looked to for Hopefully, they will not take this gamble, dition of excellence in Federal service leadership for half a century. And it because nobody in Washington, or Moscow or based on honesty and dedication, not only was not disappointed in any of those 50 Peking, let alone in Hanoi, can calculate for the FBI, but hopefully for our coun­ years. what Nixon will do if he is trapped. This try as well. John Edgar Hoover, the Nation's "top point has been emphasized through private cop" is c.ead. But the legend and the un­ channels to everybody on the other side, and surpassed reputation he fostered and apparently they have got the point. held for so long will live for many a So Hanoi will probably call for a cease-fire EMERGENCY NATIONWIDE MORA­ at Hue and proclaim an alternative "govern­ year to come. ment" of South Vietnam there, and ask for TORIUM DAY, THURSDAY, MAY 4 Never before has a civil servant been a compromise settlement and a coalition honored by lying in state in the Capitol government in Saigon without Thieu. Rotunda. But never before has this coun­ What then will Nixon do? This is the ques­ HON. LESTER L. WOLFF try seen a civil servant like Mr. Hoover. tion that is being debated privately in Wash­ OJ' NEW YORK The story of J. Edgar Hoover and of ington these days, and the answer may very IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the agency he literally molded single­ well determine the outcome of the wa.r Thursday, May 4, 1972 handedly into the greatest law enforce­ and influence the presidential election in ment power on earth is well known. The November. Mr. WOLFF. Mr. Speaker, today thou­ FBI "G-man" has been familiar to us sands of Americans are gathering in since we were children. HONORABLE J. EDGAR HOOVER their towns and cities and here in the But even more important are the high Capital to protest the war in Vietnam standards Mr. Hoover set for his law · and to urge the President and the Con­ enforcement body--standards of educa­ HON. JOHN W. WYDLER gress to put an immediate end to this tion and of excellence unsurpassed, OF NEW YORK senseless conflict. The American people standards of honesty, forthrightness, and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES can no longer tolerate the insidious rhet­ of freedom from the influence of any who oric that has been handed to them since would try to bend the law to their own Tuesday, May 2, 1972 the inception of this war to justify our desires. Mr. WYDLER. Mr. Speaker, a few continuing involvement in Southeast Mr. Hoover has been the personal weeks before I was born, in 1924, J. Edgar Asia. We are seeing all too clearly the friend of seven U.S. Presidents. And it Hoover became head of the Federal Bu­ administration's withdrawal policy; as was his astuteness, his honesty, and his reau of Investigation-FBI. His death a our ground troops were being slowly high ideals which won him those friend­ few days ago has taken from the Nation pulled out, the administration has been ships. one of its most dedicated public servants, replacing them with massive air and He will be missed not only by our Chief a man I greatly admired. naval forces. Escalating and intensifying Executives, but also by the Congress and 15996 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 4, 1972 by this Nation. He wielded unprecedent­ WHERE ANTI-COMMUNISTS STILL Communists a much needed lesson in the ed power in a democracy, but he wielded STAND FAST benefits of being steadfast. Far from los­ that power with unprecedented integrity. ing strength by opposing this "wave of That is what makes his shoes so large the future," Communist style, the Chris­ to fill. HON. JOHN G. SCHMITZ tian Democrats in West Germany are But one of the marks of a great ad­ OF CALIFORNIA gaining strength. Brandt's coalition gov­ ministrator like Mr. Hoover is that he IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ernment has begun to crumble. Three of can create an organization larger even Thursday, May 4, 1972 its key members in the Lower House of than himself. I know that the high ideals the West German Parliament, the of Mr. Hoover are thoroughly imbedded Mr. SCHMITZ. Mr. Speaker, a strange Bundestag, have already abandoned in the agency he headed and I know that thing is happening in West Germany to­ Brandt-primarily because of his trea­ those who must now try to follow him day---strange, that is, to those who as­ ties-to join the Christian Democrats, and to carry on their tasks without his sumed that because it has now become who fell two votes short of toppling the personal leadership still will have the our official policy to seek accommodation Brandt government in a trial vote April dictates and teachings of his life and his with Communist governments, all other 27. If just one more member changes his leadership to guide them. major governments and political parties position, Brandt's appeasement treaty is Probably the greatest single force be­ in the West are sure to follow suit. Every­ dead. hind Mr. Hoover was his love for this one wants peace, the argument goes, so As a recent recipient of the annual country. I hope we can all in our own now that we have abandoned our obsolete award by the Federation of American ways do honor to the memory of this concern about Communist aggression Citizens of German Descent as their out­ great civil servant and the great love he and tyranny, nobody else in or near posi­ standing citizen of the year, I have been had. tions of Poli tical power will think about in touch with West Germany's Christian it any more. Democrats as they resolutely carried on Not so. There are nations in the world their struggle, so important to the whole EULOGY TO JOHN EDGAR HOOVER, which must watch millions of their own of the West. Their success has been most DIRECTOR OF THE FEDERAL BU­ former citizens-people who speak their heartening. Many in West Germany are REAU OF INVESTIGATION language and share their historical ex­ concerned that the President's forth­ perience and cultural traditions-suffer coming appearance in Moscow, at about HON. SPARK M. MATSUNAGA year after year under Communist rule. It the time that action on the treaty is ex­ is as though here in America we had pected in the West German Parliament, OF HAWAll to live next door to a Communist regime IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES will tilt the closely balanced scales enslaving all of our people west of the against our friends and in favor of the Wednesday, May 3, 1972 Rocky Mountains. Nations in this posi­ Communist side, as Henry Kissinger's Mr. MATSUNAGA. Mr. Speaker, it is tion cannot forget what communism has second visit to Peking helped to tilt the with a sense of personal loss and deep been and, clearly, still is. There are four originally close U.N. vote last October in sorrow that I rise to pay tribute to the of them in the world today: South Korea, favor of the expulsion of our Free Chi­ late J. Edgar Hoover. the Republic of China on Taiwan, South nese allies. Although I was not always in agree­ Vietnam, and West Germany. Their ment with Mr. Hoover's views, I knew anti-Communists, unlike too many of him personally to be a man of unim­ ours, are standing fast. peachable integrity and courage. His A year and a half ago West Germany J. EDGAR HOOVER loyalty to America, steadfastness of pur­ Socialist Chancellor Willy Brandt signed pose, his strength of leadership and his a treaty with the Soviet Union, subject competence, cannot be questioned. to ratification by the West German Par­ HON. CHARLES H. GRIFFIN J. Edgar Hoover's career as a public liament. This treaty, immediately and OF llrlISSISSIPPI ::ervant spanned 56 years-more than a enthusiastically hailed by tJhe "pundits" IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES whom apparently no evidence can ever fourth of our history as a Nation. Be­ Wednesday, May 3, 1972 fore two-thirds of America's present convince that our differences with com­ population was born, he was a significant munism, are not negotiable, is far more Mr. GRIFFIN. Mr. Speaker, this Na­ force in national affairs. Under his di­ than a mere "nonaggression pact" as tion has lost one of its greatest and most rection, the FBI was transformed from it is usually termed in our news reports. faithful servants in J. Edgar Hoover. He an inadequate, scandal-ridden bureauc­ It specifically legalizes the Polish Com­ was a man who truly believed in Amer­ racy into what is recognized universally munist seizure of vast tracts of territory ica and the ideals for which it stands. His as one of the most efficient and incor­ which throughout modern European his­ entire adult life was dedicated to serv­ ruptible law enforcement agencies in the tory has been German, and by its lan­ ing and protecting the nation he loved world. guage amounts to recognition of the so much. He will be missed but he will Mr. Speaker, the people of Hawaii will legitimacy of the puppet Communist not be soon forgotten. long remember Mr. Hoover in gratitude slave state established in East Germany In almost a half century of service, for the unshakable position he took in by the Soviet Union after World War II, · J. Edgar Hoover's leadership, unparal­ defense of the loyalty of Americans of in flagrant violation of Soviet agreements leled devotion to duty and ability estab­ Japanese ancestry in Hawaii, at the out­ on the administration of conquered Ger­ lished the FBI as the greatest law en­ break of World War n. He thus pre­ man territory. forcement agency in the world. The vented the mass incarceration of one­ Based on these enormous West Ger­ American people came to respect the third of Hawaii's population, as proposed man concessions, we proceeded to make FBI for its aggressive pursuit of c!imi­ by certain elements in the Federal hier­ similar and equally indefensible conces­ nals, its aid to local law enforcement and archy. Moreover, when the tragic de­ sions to the Soviet Union regarding the its nonpolitical devotion to the Nation's cision was made in 1942 to place those of status of Berlin-see my newsletter 71- security. The name J. Edgar Hoover and Japanese ancestry living on the west 43. For a time nearly all U.S. commen­ the FBI were synonymous and came to coast behind barbed wire fences in what tators regarded ratification of the be recognized as meaning strong, effec­ were euphemistically termed "relocation Brandt-Kremlin treaty as a foregone tive law enforcement, and exceedingly centers," it was arrived at over Mr. conclusion. high standards of professional and per­ Hoover's objections. But the Christian Democratic Party in sonal conduct. Mr. Speaker, J. Edgar Hoover did West Germany, Brandt's opposition, In the 1930's when our Nation was much for America and leaves behind would have no part of the game of Ost­ beset with widespread gangland activ­ him what is now a part of our Ameri­ politik-the ''opening to the east." Ever ities, it was through the efforts and cou­ can heritage; he will long be remem­ since the text of the treaty was first an­ rageous actions of Hoover and the FBI bered with respect and admiration. nounced August 11, 1970, the Christian that law and order were returned to the I extend my heartfelt condolences to Democrats have held firm against it. By streets of our cities. his bereaved family. doing so, they have given American anti- Perhaps his greatest contribution came May 4, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 15997 law enforcement will be marked by re­ we hardly think these are the real measures nearly 20 years later when our coun­ of the program's worth. Nothing will ever try onoe again faced a serious threat. spect for and faith in it, as Mr. Hoover surpass the emotional drama of Apollo 11. This time the threat was to our internal had believed in it. As the moon missions become more routine, security from a growing Communist con­ they are diminishing as TV "boffo" almost in spiracy. The FBI, under Hoover's leader­ direct proportion to their increase in scien­ ship, devised and carried out a com­ tific value. Technical and scientific interest plete infiltration of the movement. ANOTHER APOLLO EPIC in Apollo is increasing by leaps and boun ds as each new mission demonstrates dramati­ Through these successful efforts the cally the widening horizons of man's capa­ party was unable to make a move with­ HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE bilities to explore the moon. out the knowledge of the FBI. Even after OF TEXAS The precision performance of the Apollo this threat was checked, the FBI re­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES system has given scientists the opportunity mained as a watchdog against any sub­ to put the lunar module down in specific versive activities that might undermine Thursday, May 4, 1972 areas of the moon to provide a.n extreme va­ the national stability. When public con­ riety of data. From Neil Armstrong's "hover Mr. TEAGUE of Texas. Mr. Speaker, and take another look" maneuver before cern waned, J. Edgar Hoover remained Mr. Robert Hotz, editor of Aviation Week landing Apollo ll's Eagle to John Young's in the forefront, ever watchful over the & Space Technology, contributed a sig­ edging over a few hundred feet to a.void national security. ' nificant editorial in the May 1, 1972, edi­ large craters before setting Orion down in Mr. Speaker, the accomplishments and tion of that magazine. Mr. Hotz writes the lunar highlands, the performance of the contributions of the FBI and J. Edgar of the Apollo lunar landing program and lunar module has been superb. Addition of Hoover are many. They cannot all be the more recent success of Apollo 16. As the sturdy lunar rover on Apollo 15 and 16 listed here. J. Edgar Hoover was the FBI. he so well points out, Apollo has con­ provided an enormous increment of practical The man and the agency were one. His mobility for the lunar explorers. Ea.ch new tributed much to our understanding of Apollo crew appears to extend the ease and efforts and accomplishments will be the moon, the earth, and the solar sys­ agility with which men can do their scien­ remembered so long as this Nation tem in which we live. Yet the explora­ tific work on the surface of the moon. honors itfl heroes and its past. The Fed­ tion raises as many questions as it an­ Performance of John Young and Charley eral Bureau of Investigation will remain swers and calls for a continued vigorous Duke in maneuvering a.nd working on the a vital guardian of our national defense national space effort not only in explo­ moon indicated how much hard practice in as long as it adheres to the standards ration but in utilitarian applications. these peculiar techniques ca.n enhance the set by Mr. Hoover. He has laid down his useful work time. The additional equipment The editorial follows: on boa.rd the Apollo command module has shield, but the battle goes on. The honor ANOTHER APOLLO EPIC also opened another rich lode of scientific we owe his memory demands no less than Another epic chapter in the history of c:lJa.ta. In the Apollo 15 and 16 operations with he himself gave. man's exploration of the moon was written the crews well adapted to working in the by John Young, Charley Duke and Ken Mat­ lunar environment, the rover for surface mo­ tingly with their Apollo 16 spacecraft sys­ bility and the command module operating its tems. Apollo 16 surmounted a. variety of op­ own ex.periments from lunar orbit the Apollo erational problems to complete successfully program has reached its configuration for THE LATE HONORABLE J. EDGAR the first exploration of the lunar highlands, maximum scientific return per mission. HOOVER provide man with his longest and most mo­ ENORMOUS DIVIDENDS bile working period on the moon's surface a.nd gather an increasingly rich harvest of Most outside observers a.re unaware of the scientific data.. extremely close coordination that exists be­ HON. JOSEPH P. ADDABBO The operational problems in lunar orbit tween the explorers on the moon and earth­ OF NEW YORK that threatened to abort the landing pro­ bound scientists in Houston. A closer-circuit television links the capsule communicator IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES vided another rare glimpse of the tremendous technical and operational depth that sup­ (capcom) to the scientific support rooms Wednesday, May 3, 1972 ports each Apollo mission. These problems where several dozen scientists follow the mis­ sion. When anything unusual is found on Mr. ADDABBO. Mr. Speaker, Ameri­ and their successful solution also empha­ sized the wisdom of the experimental flight the moon or further pursuit of a certain type cans in all walks of life are mourning test program that brought the Apollo sys­ specimen is desirable, they ca.n :flash a. mes­ the passing of J. Edgar Hoover. As we tem to its present status as a. reliable tra.ns­ sage to the capcom on the television link in the Congress express our sorrow at lunar transport system. Data from the ini­ which can be relayed to the moon. Thus rea.1- the death of this devoted public servant, tial flight testing of the lunar module a.nd time scientific exploration is possible linking citizens across the country are express­ command and service module in separate the brains a.nd experience of the earthbound flight during the Apollo 9 mission provided scientists to the actions of the astronauts on ing their tributes to a man who truly the moon. dedicated his life to the job he held for the answers that were required to determine whether it was operationally feasible to com­ It is of course a futile lament to note the so long. plete the lunar landing of Apollo 16 after false economy that canceled the three final The story of J. Edgar Hoover's career trouble developed with the service module Apollo missions after all the mammoth ha.sic is being told and retold this week, but propulsion unit guidance system. investment in facilities, spacecraft and op­ what stands out is the complete honesty About 200 technical people were mobilized erational techniques ha.s been made. The ad­ and integrity with which he pursued the on the ground in such widely separated places ditional funds required for Apollo 18, 19 and goals he set for himself and for the Bu­ as North American Rockwell's Downey, Calif., 20 would have returned enormous scientific facility, Massaohusetts Institute of Technol­ dividends in relation to the modest invest­ reau. The FBI, under his direction, ment they required. achieved a level of public confidence un - ogy and the Manned Spacecraft Center in Houston to check the Apollo 9 data a.nd run With only one more Apollo mission to go, known to any other Government agency. simulations on various possibilities for it is apparent that the five manned landings That is the legend which this man has Apollo 16. All of this was done with incFedi­ on the moon have upset most of the tradi­ left to our Nation. ble speed and precision, while the Apollo 16 tional theories a.bout that body a.nd produced With his death we must now remem­ crew was making three orbits around the just enough new information to whet a.n ber those ideals which J. Edgar Hoover moon, to yield a decision to initiate powered enormous new scientific curiosity to find the descent to the surface on the fourth time answers to the basic questions Apollo data acceptee. as basic and we must now as­ have raised. sume the responsibility of preserving the a.round. Rocco Petrone, Apollo program di­ kind of dedication to public service which rector, also noted that the flight test data from Apollo 9 had provided the procedures his career illustrates. If we can produce that enabled the Apollo 13 crew to return J. EDGAR HOOVER that kind of public confidence in Govern­ safely to earth using the lunar module as a ment which he earned for the Bureau, "lifeboat" during most of the mission after we will have done a great service for our a.n oxygen tank explosion had disrupted the HON. ED JONES system of democracy. If we can learn command and service module systems. OF TENNESSEE from his accomplishments and bring SCIENTIFIC INTEREST SURGES IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES about a new faith in Government, we By all traditional barometers-beach Wednesday, May 3, 1972 will have achieved a monument to the watchers at the Cape, network television time life of this distinguished American. (only ABC ran very close to previous mission Mr. JONES of Tennessee. Mr. Speak­ A national figure has died and an era coverage) and working press-public inter­ er, the passing of J. Edgar Hoover came has ended. I hope that the next era of est in the Apollo 16 mission ha.d waned. But as a shock to the whole Nation. This leg- 15998 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 4, 1972 endary figure had reached such propor­ But, as of this year the full amount of It seems quite in keeping with tradi­ tions in the minds of Americans that we expenses may be deducted up to a limit tion that while Communist aggression had come to think of him as indestructi­ of $400 a month for care in the home. continues against South Vietnam the ble. For care outside the home, the deduction U.N. does nothing. And while the peo­ We saw him as a symbol of strength can be $200 a month for one dependent, ple's attention is focused on the war, the and integrity, while admiring the pro­ $300 for two, or a · maximum of $400 for U.N. leaders plot to take away the chil­ ficiency of the agency he headed from three or more. Thus, the taxpayer has the dren of the next generation under the the time of its infancy. choice of employing someone in the home, misguided apprehension that children No doubt, an able leader will be or if the dependents are children, pay­ without parents will be more susceptible found to perform the duties of Director ing the costs of day care outside the to the U.N. one-world teaching. of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, home. And if a t:.ousekeeper is hired, the According to Secretary Waldheim's but in the hearts and minds of the Amer­ full amount paid, whether for house­ comments, the children under compre­ ican people, J. Edgar Hoover can never keeping or strictly care of the child or hensive child development will be the be replaced. The Nation is deeply in­ dependent, may be deducted-within the international children of the future-­ debted to this man, and we shall miss above maximum-as long as part of the children of the world. International chil­ him. While we mourn his death, we also housekeeper /maid's time was spent in dren is now admitted to have been feel a deep sense o! gratitude for his caring for a qualified dependent. More UNICEF's goal from its inception. life. realistically the age limitation has now I include the text of Mr. Wald.i.1.eim's been raised to 15. The adjusted gross in­ UNICEF speech: come has been raised to $18,000 before STATEMENT BY THE SECRETARY-GENERAL, MR. K. CONGRESSMAN ROUSH COMMENTS there is a reduction in the amom1t of the WALDHEIM TO THE UNICEF EXECUTIVE ON TAXATION AND THE WORK­ allowable deduction. BOARD, APnn. 24, 1972 ING MOTHER I believe that this relatively unknown (United Nations Economic and Socia.I Coun­ provision of the Revenue Act of 1971 is cil, United Nations Children's Fund Exe­ an important contribution to assuring cutive Boa.rd 1972 session, Distri. General, HON. J. EDWARD ROUSH EjICEF/619, 24 April 1972, Original: Eng­ OF INDIANA women equal employment opportunity and to eliminating an unconscious but lish) IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES pervasive discrimination against working Mr. Chairman, I welcome this first oppor­ Thursday, May 4, 1972 t·mity to address the Executive Boa.rd of women who are mothers. UNICEF. Since the members of this Boa.rd Mr. ROUSH. Mr. Speaker, just this are far more familiar than I with the de­ week the House passed a bill to extend tails of UNICEF's activities, I propose to of­ UNICEF PROMOTES COMPREHEN­ fer you today a brief glimpse of how I, as sec­ and expand the powers of the Civil Rights SIVE CHILD DEVELOPMENT TO Commission and to empower that Com­ retary-General, view UNICEF and its work INTERNATIONALIZE CHILDREN within the framework of the United Nations mission to study the problem of sex dis­ system as a whole, and within the even crimination in our society. Earlier this broader context of today's global challenges. year the Senate concurrent in the House­ HON. JOHN R. RARICK I am deeply aware of the extent to which passed equal rights amendment, which OF LOUISIANA UNICEF's tasks have evolved since its early is expected to provide equality before the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES days in Europe when it was concerned with law for men and women. emergency relief to children and mothers in But we all know that real equality for Thursday, May 4, 1972 a post-war situation. UNICEF is still very De­ much concerned with emergencies, but the women in the working world cannot be Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, last emphasis of its humanitarian activities has achieved unless and until women are able cember President Nixon vetoed the com­ been shifted to long-range programmes for to provide adequately for their children prehensive child development plan as child development. In both areas, UNICEF's while they are working. Although both having "family-weakening implications," operations are now being conducted on a parents are responsible for the children. creating "a new army of bureaucrats," global scale. their everyday care in our society has and committing "the vast moral author­ Today, UNICEF's responsibility for provid­ rested mainly with the wife. ity of the National Government to the ing emergency help has assumed vast di­ side of communal approaches to child· mensions. The conscience of mankind has Today there are 32,933,000 women been awakened to the point where there ex­ who are working and they constitute rearing against the family-centered ap­ ists the determination to bring help to all, 38 percent of the work force. The latest proach," President Nixon indicated that wherever and whenever emergencies occur. figures we have on working mothers in­ the American people should have a great This large-scale response has been made pos­ dicate that in March of last year there national debate before facing the chal­ sible by a number of scientific and technolog­ were 12,201,000 mothers in the work force lenge of changing the traditional Amer­ ical developments. For example, we now learn with children under 18. ican childrearing custom. of emergencies as soon as they occur thanks For many of these the Revenue Act of Apparently this great national debate to a global network of communications and, additionally, we now have the physical 1971, passed last December, contained a extends far beyond our country's borders means to deliver massive aid quickly. Also provision that may well contribute as and is in reality a great international there are now special foods such as "K-Mix , significantly to equal rights in the mar­ debate. II", which UNICEF helped to develop and ketplace as any legislation we have Last month U.N. Secretary General which was first used on a large scale in Ni­ passed. I am referring to the section re­ Waldheim, addressing the Executive geria and later in India for refugee children. vising the dependent care deduction ef­ Board of UNICEF, had this to say about I am told that this food, together with CSM, fective this year. comprehensive child development for has made it possible to rehabilitate starving children who would otherwise have died. To The deduction under this provision is Sovietizing the child-parent relation­ cite another exam;,le, the development of available for expenses for gainful em­ ship: lighter construction materials-especially ployment where the taxpayer's household Until fairly recently, in most societies, the plastics--now makes it ~uch easier to air­ includes a child who is dependent, a dis­ responsibility for chlld development rested lift supplies quickly to d.isast.,r areas. abled dependent, or a disabled spouse. entirely with parents or in the immediately The larger challenge which we face today In 1971 the maximum amom1t that surrounding community. This is still largely is an organizational one. World opinion has could be deducted for dependent care­ true, but it is changing. Within the frame­ rightly concluded that the United Nations work of the two United Nations development should play an 1.m.portant role 1n co-ordinat­ and the definition of dependent care was decades, we are now em.barked on a historic ing all phases of its response, from pre­ more restrictive-was $600 for one or endeavour to eliminate poverty. With this disa.ster planning through emergency relief $900 for two for the entire year. If the new concept has come the realization that, and on to rehabilitation. These activities dependent, as usually, was a child, the if we are to break the self-perpetuating cycles should, o! course, accord with and benefit deductions stopped after age 13. If a of poverty at the family level and change from the speciail capacities of the interna­ maid or housekeeper was hired, the tax­ them into upward spirals of progress, the tional institutions of the Red Cross and other payer could only deduct the costs strict­ process of child development has to be the non-governmental organizations. Govern­ concern of society as a whole-<>n the na­ ments, o! course, will continue to be the ly attributable to care for the dependent. tional and international level. From the very largest donors directly or through the United Moreover, the amount of the deduction beginning, the leaders of UNICEF-both Nations. Let me point out that the perform­ had to be reduced by the amom1t by Board and secreta.rlat--clearly understood ance of these tasks represents an essential which the combined parents' adJusted this, and I congratulate them for their fore­ test o! the effectiveness of the United Nations gross income exceeded $6,000. sight and their vision. system as a whole. May 4, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 15999 In the past year, UNICEF has demon­ the developing countries do and will con­ served as retired board chairman since strated remarkably its capacity to respond tinue to experience the impact of such 1970. quickly when emergency situations arise. I changes. Although no one can accurately Mr. Speaker, President Franklin D. understand that in 1971 UNICEF responded predict what life will be like 25 or even 15 to calls for help in some 20 countries. On yea.rs from now as a. result of these changes, Roosevelt once said that the South was the Indian subcontinent, where the most we do know that the world will be more the Nation's No. 1 economic problem. dramatic emergency situations occurred, complex, more sophisticated and more fragile. But today due in no small part to the UNICEF not only carried on its own pro­ Today's leaders thus face enormous respon­ efforts of John W. Smith, the South is grammes for child feeding, well dr1lling, etc., sibilities. One of them-perh3.ps the most im­ the Nation's No. 1 area Of opportunity. but acted for the United Nations system in portant--is to prepare our children so that Jesse Smith was well known here in the purchasing essential supplies for transport, they are able to cope with world problems Congress, and throughout the South roofing and many other needs. It is parti­ in their turn. They must be prepared to be cularly well equipped for such action by vir­ participants in a. society to which all can where he played a leading role in the de­ tue of its world-wide purchasing, storage and contribute and from which all can benefit. velopment of countless communities. He delivery capacity, and its field staff' who Society cannot expect that a young adult visited my own home in furtherance of have the necessary "know-how" to assist who has been lll-fed and unschooled wlll industrial development efforts. Jesse Governments, not only in the crucial relief suddenly become an active and intelligent Smith was a personal friend. His devoted phase, but in the reha.bilita.tion of essential participant in the community. Preparation wife Mae Appel Smith epitomizes the services. for responsible citizenship must start at the very highest traditions of Southern wom­ UNICEF, of course, is not the only member earliest possible age, and most important, it anhood. of the United Nations system concerned with must be of far htg,her quality than SJt present. these matters-there a.re also WFP, UNHCR, Let me say in conclusion tha.t UNICEF's It is an honor for me to join with WHO, UNESCO and the United Nations it­ long-term programmes must be seen in the other members of our State delegation self-but the Children's Fund has a crucial l•arger context of society's present and future and with other Members of Congress role to play, for it is children and moth­ needs. who were friends of Jesse Smith in pay­ ers who are usually the principal victims of If UNICEF were conducting its long-term ing tribute to the memory of this great any disaster. Because of its experience both programmes on its own, its $60-$70 mlllion American. To Mrs. Smith, to his lovely as a supplier and in co-ordinating its work per year in more or less regular income would daughter and to John W. Smith, Jr., we with other organizations of the United Na­ be small. Since the Fund has a central and tions system, UNICEF is particularly quali­ crucial role in · the development of human extend our deepest sympathy. fied to assist the newly appointed Co-ordina­ resources, a ma~imum eff'ort must be ma.de to tor for Disaster Relief. I wish to take this enable it to reach its current income goal of opportunity to express my personal apprecia­ $100 million per year by 1975 and then to tion to the Executive Board for the wisdom look beyond that figure. This implies a. rise J. EDGAR HOOVER-ONE OF THIS of its policies which have enabled UNICEF of only some $11 million per year which is CENTURY'S TRULY GREAT AMER­ to operate so successfully. I hope that the relatively small in relation to the large ICANS Governments Will continue to give UNICEF amounts that have been forthcoming in cases the mandate and the financial means to en­ of dramatic emergencies. As my predecessor large its future activities. has said, the world can well aff'ord to support HON. 0. C. FISHER UNICEF's long-term assistance pro­ to this modest extent the one United Na­ OF TEXAS grammes are designed to help Governments tions organ so vitally concerned with chil­ provide for their children, at the very least, dren. What is more, it must begin giving IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES a minimum of basic health care, adequate more attention to the future of its children if Wednesday, May 3, 1972 nutrition a.it the crucial stages of growth that future is to be something even resem­ and the basis for life-long educa.tion. In bling what it wants. Mr. FISHER. Mr. Speaker, the death today's world and in the foreseeable future, I have been following the work of UNICEF of J. Edgar Hoover leaves a void that can these programmes ma.ke uncommonly good for the last 1 7 years and I am personally never be adequately filled. He will un­ sense. We are constantly rediscovering the a.ware of the great contribution it has ma.de doubtedly be ranked in history as one of ancient truth that dhlldhood is not static to the welfare of mothers and children the the truly great Americans of this cen­ but that it ls a period of rapid growth and world over since its inception. I would there­ tury. change. Whatever is done or not done for a fore like to take advantage of this occasion For nearly half a century this man was child in its crucial early years determines a to pay a personal tribute to the work of your a symbol of every attribute that is good, life pattern which ls almost irreversible. Executive Director, Mr. Henry R. Labouisse, Until fairly recently, in most societies, and his dedicated staff'. honorable, decent, and rightecus. His life the responsibility for child development I thank you for this opportunity to share and his works provided fuel for charac­ rested entirely with parents or in the im­ my thoughts with you and I off'er you all good ter building, ambition, courage, patriot­ mediately surrounding community. This is wishes for a most fruitful session and for ism, respect for law and order, in the still largely true, but it is changing. Within continuing success in your efforts. lives of tens of millions of American the framework of the two United Nations youth. By leadership and example, there development decades, we are now embarked is no way of fully assessing the magni­ on a historic endeavour to eliminate poverty. With this new concept has come the realiza­ tude of his contribution to those decades tion that, if we are to break the self-perpetu­ JOHN W. SMITH of American history during which he ating cycles of poverty at the family level and served. He nndoubtedly touched the lives change them into upward spirals of progress, and influenced the conduct of more peo­ the process of child development has to be ple than any other one living man during the concern of society as a whole--on the HON. WM. JENNINGS BRYAN DORN this century. national and international level. From the OF SOUTH CAROLINA Above all, he earned the title and was very beginning, the leaders of UNIGEF­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES nniversally recognized as "Mr. Law En­ both Board and secretariat--clearly under­ Thursday, May 4, 1972 forcement." His courage knew no bonnds. stood this, and I congratulate them for their He spoke out against evil when it raised foresight and their vision. Mr. DORN. Mr. Speaker, John More recently a new dimension has been w. its ugly head. He pulled no pnnches in added to a task already staggering in its Smith was one of the great builders of exposing individual misconduct when it dimensions and complexity. I refer to the the new South. He was a dynamic busi­ needed to be exposed. He commanded implications of accelerating technological ness executive in the great American total confidence of eight Presidents nn­ change with its potential consequences for tradition of private enterprise. "Jesse" der whom he served as chief of the Fed­ the human environment. We are Just becom­ Smith, as he was affectionately known, eral Bureau of Investigation. ing a.ware of these frightening implications was one of the Nation's leading transpor­ and the first global attempt to deal with As would be expected J. Edgar Hoo­ tation leaders and played a crucial role ver had his critics, and even enemies, and them wm be ma.de at the Stockho,- · Confer­ in the development of the Southland. He ence. If certain technological developments for various reasons. A few broadsides joined the Seaboard Airline Railroad en­ were unleashed against him in the Con­ remain uncontrolled, civilized life, as we know gineering department in 1924 and be­ 1t on this planet, can be in jeopardy. I! un­ gress. Crime syndicates had good reason derstood in time, these developments contain came president of the Seaboard in 1952. to despise him. Poison pens were used by untold possibilities for the enhancement of When Seaboard merged with Atlantic a few left-wing columnists to smear him everyone's life. Although the industrialized Ooast Line in 1967, Jesse Smith was and disconnt his usefulness. But surely countries Will continue to be first and per- named chairman of the board of the the memory of this man will dominate haps most affected by advanced technology, new Seaboard Coast Line. He had a secure place in American history long CXVIII--1009-Pa.rt 13 .• \· 16000 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 4, 1972 1 after these critics shall have been totally freedom, and went back to worrying about MORE NIGHTMARES FROM THE forgotten. how ha.rd it is for a black man to get e. COMMITTEE BILL TO INCREASE fair hearing in New Haven. Mr. Speaker, as is true of many others, The student newspaper, frightened at being THE MINIMUM WAGE-PART II it was my happy p:i.'ivilege to have known censorious, did a perfunctory editorial, and Mr. Hoover personally. I recall with published a regular columnist, e. young man understandable pride that some 20 years of exquisite discernment who announced, HON. JOHN N. ERLENBORN ago he came to the radio recording studio "I think tha..t Westmoreland is a war crim­ OF ll.LINOIS on Capitol Hill, in response to my invi­ inal," and argued that depriving Westmore­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tation, for a 15-minute interview-at a land of platform had been not a theoretical Thursday, May 4, 1972 time when he was making few public ap­ or philosophical or constitutional depriva­ tion but a tactical blunder, because it pre­ Mr. ERLENBORN. Mr. Speaker, yes­ pearances. vented a Yale audience from acquiring first­ terday I pointed out two substantive dif­ It was my privilege to attend a number hand knowledge of Westmoreland's criminal ferences between H.R. 7130, the Educa­ of small dinner parties when he was pres­ mentality. tion and Labor Committee's bill to in­ ent. That enabled me to know more about All this proved to be too much for Eugene the man, his humor, his interest in peo­ Rostow, professor of law, former under­ crease the minimum wage, and the sub­ ple, and his joviality. I recall that I secretary of state for political affairs, former stitute bill, H.R. 14104, Mr. FUQUA, Mr. once asked him: "Mr. Hoover, what is dean of the Yale Law School. He addressed QuIE, and I will offer. the best technique to use in fighting an open letter to the president of Ya.le and Today, I want to call your attention the fellows of Yale University. to three more defects of the committee American Communists?" His reply was, He might as well have addressed it to his bill. One will work against employing "Exposure. Tum the light on them; let wife, for all the publicity it received. To the unemployed, and not one of the three the people know who they are and pre­ be sure, the New Haven press gave it notice. has anything to do with our goal of re­ cisely what they are doing and what But the Yale Daily News (as of this writing} their purposes are." seems to be taking not only the position that placing the purchasing power that has J. Edgar Hoover is dead, but his mem­ Yale students shouldn't hear Westmoreland, been lost since the minimum wage scales ory will live and inspire people to pursue but that Ya.le students shouldn't hear distin­ were last increased. guished professors who believe that Ya.le stu­ REFERRALS BY PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT AGENCIES the better life for many generations yet dents should hear Westmoreland. unborn. Mr. Rostow began: "In my considerable Thousands of employers-!or example, experience at Yale. I have never before known retail establishments doing less than a situation that justified a direct appeal to $250,000 gross business a year-are not THE GENERAL AND THE KIDS AT the Corporation by students and by members required to pay the minimum wage. Yet YALE of the Faculty." He went on to cite the com­ the committee bill would prohibit pub­ mitment of the university to academic free­ lic employment agencies from referring dom, and criticized the president's statement individuals in need of jobs to employers as being inadequate because it "did not order an independent investigation to determine who do not pay the minimum wage. HON. ROBERT H. MICHEL This is a backward step. We should be OF ll.LINOIS whether disciplinary proceedings against the students involved should be brought, or crim­ expanding the use of public employment IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES inal charges preferred against those who, agencies, not restricting them. Thursday, May 4, 1972 through the use of force, deliberately made it ILLEGAL ALIENS impossible to hold the meeting at which Mr. MICHEL. Mr. Speaker, it is un­ General Westmoreland was scheduled to Do we really want everyone who does fortunate thait we are still seeing in­ speak." not "look American" or who speaks with stances on some of our college campuses Mr. Rostow then reminded Yale's officials an accent to have to produce proof of cit­ whereby a loud minority of students have that the student newspaper had carried izenship or legal immigration in order succeeded in preventing the appearance notices that students would try to- break up to get a job? That would be one effect of on campus of speakers who may not rep­ the meeting, and even so adequate prepara­ the committee bill. tions were not ta.ken; and that no apology resent the misguided and distorted views had been extended to General Westmoreland. Another of its practical effects would of that small minority. "The weakness of your statement invites be to put housewives in the position of The latest incident occurred last month worse trouble. But it ls to be deplored for a having to determine whether an indi­ at Yale when General Westmoreland was deeper reason. It does not begin to meet your vidual is a legal or illegal alien. unable to even reach the podium because responsibllity to the laws of this community, I'f our laws with respect to the em­ of a massive wall of shouters and heck­ and especially to the laws protecting aca­ ployment of illegal aliens are not ade­ lers. demic freedom." quate, the solution is in amending our A column written by Mr. William F. 'C'nofficial Ya.le is taking the line that after immigration laws, not a criminal pro­ all, Westmoreland didn't try physically to Buckley, Jr., appearing in the May 1, speak, and therefore, in a sense, his rejec­ vision in a minimum wage bill. Immi­ 1972, edition of the Peoria Journal Star tion was platonic. After all, isn't it true, one gration laws, incidentally, do not come describes the whole sorry picture in some worldly professor with a copious memory within the jurisdiction of the Committee detail and I insert the column in the points out, that Adlai Stevenson was hec.kled on Education and Labor. They come RECORD at this point. in 1956 by the students,-to the point where within the purview of the Committee on The column follows: he couldn't speak, but after all, he tried for the Judiciary, which over the past year about ten minutes ... Yes, it is true, and has been, and even now is, involved in THE GENERAL AND THE Kms AT YALE it is also true that the students should have (By William F. Buckley, Jr.} been disciplined at that time, if indeed they solving this problem. You will recall that ee.rly in the month were not. RESTRICTIONS ON IMPORTS General Westmoreland, who is the chief of What is wrong about the current situa­ If tion ls most cogently singled out by Eugene title m of the committee bill be­ staff of the Army, went to Yale at the in­ in vitation of the students' Political Union. Rostow. It is less that students can behave comes law, Federal funds-be they the They took him to dinner, and they began like Nazi youth squads, it is that there form of loans, grants, subsidies, or to propel him towards the auditorium. But ls something less than a. universality of dls­ guarantees--<:ould not be used to pur­ a.t that point an e.lde to the general reported approv,al of those that do. Na.me one person chase foreign goods. that the massive wall of shouters and heck­ who came to the defense of the hecklers of That television equipment your school lers made it impossible for Westmoreland to Adlai Stevenson. distriot wants for instructional purposes speak, unlikely that he could accomplish any­ Perhaps it isn't so bad elsewhere. A fresn­ may well contain parts made in Japan. thing by trying to make his way to the po­ ma.n profile published in the Yale Daily News School officials had best not contemplate dium e.nd just possible that he might be reveals that it is further left than most buying it with money acquired through physically assaulted. American universities. Sixty per cent of the So the general pulled ouit of his pocket a freshman class considers itself "liberal," 14 the Federal Government. politely-worded statement declining to go per cent "far left"-as compared to 41 per If Federal funds are involved, the com­ a.head with his speech, and inviting student cent and three per cent for the rest of the munications system or police car your leaders of the anti-free speech movement to country. Twenty per cent of the freshmen local police department would like to visit him "in peace and dignity" in Washing­ think of themselves as "middle of the road," order could not contain any imported ton. six per cent as "conservative,"~ompared parts--even if they cost much less than The President of Yale, Mr. Kingme.n Brews­ with 42 per cent and 14 per cent nationwide. their American-made counterparts. ter, pulled some boys-will-be-boys boller­ Somebody ought to write a. book a.bout the plwte from his book shelf, spliced it with a. left-mindedness at Yale University. The trou­ Do ycu have a penchant for fiction little la.rd on the general subject of academic ble ls nobody would believe him. stories? Title mis a classic. It prohibits May 4, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 16001 imports from countries where the work­ mand for metals tripled. There is every agree that there is still plenty of mineral ing conditions are substantially less fa­ reason to believe that demand will con­ wealth left in the ground. Man has, after vorable than those enjoyed by Americans tinue to grow. By the year 2000, the In­ all, only scratched the surface in his performing similar work. terior Department estimates that U.S. quest for minerals. His deepest oil wells Is there any other country in the demand for minerals of all kinds will be go down only 5 miles, his mine shafts no world where working conditions are as three times what it was in 1970. If do­ more than 2 miles--only a small fraction good and workers are paid as well as in mestic output then is no more than it is of the nearly 4,000 miles to the center the United States? Are workers in other today, we may have to import more than of the earth. The treasures are un­ countries covered by minimum wage $60 billion worth of minerals annually­ doubtedly there, but it will take sophis­ laws? Are they protected by safety and six times the present import rate. ticated prospecting tools to find them. heal th acts? Do they have comparable These :figures, though startling, tell The same thing is true in other phases pension and social security benefits at only part of the story of impending min­ of the mineral industry. Excavation of a comparable cost? Obviously, all imports eral problems in the United States. For mineral ore today largely reflects would be banned. one thing, most of the rich, easy-to-re­ mechanization of mining methods intro­ Our substitute bill does not include cover minerals sources have already been duced long ago. New mining techniques these three or any similar provisions. Its found in this country; miners face the are needed, techniques that will improve primary purposes are to provide a rea­ prospect of working leaner and leaner ore the safety records of the men in the sonable increase in the current minimum deposits. mines as well as the efficiency of ore wage rates and to alleviate the dispro­ Another limitation on minerals and extraction. portionately high unemployment among energy supply stems from the public's The various states of mineral process­ our young people by establishing a spe­ continuing concern for the environment. ing likewise must be improved. Smelting cial youth differential wage. Minerals and fuels producers face in­ methods must respond to the growing creasingly strict regulation as to where needs to prevent environmental degrada­ and how they can recover and process tion. Mills and refineries, too, need to the resources they extract from the devote more attention to research and A TOTAL PICTURE OF OUR OVERALL earth. development; since World War II, many MINERALS AND ENERGY PROB­ Even the prospects for importing min­ important advances in metallurgy have LEMS erals are not all bright, because the com­ come from Europe. Aside from the petro­ petition for foreign mineral supplies is leum field, research in the minerals in­ HON. JAMES A. McCLURE getting keener as other nations through­ dustries during the past quarter century OF mAHO out the world continue to demand more has not been what it should be. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and more raw materials to raise their Congress has already taken note of living standards. These and many other this and is acting to provide for Govern­ Thursday, May 4, 1972 factors are cited in the Interior Depart­ ment support of university mineral re­ Mr. McCLURE. Mr. Speaker, in late ment report as reasons why we must haVP search and education programs. Pending December 1970 the Mining and Minerals a strong domestic minerals industry. legislation in this area, it is believed, will Policy Act was enacted. This law focused Although the Mineral Policy Act is do much to preserve or revive interest in much needed attention on the role of relatively new, the first report cites many mineral engineering programs on the Na­ minerals, mineral reclamation, and sound opportunities for implementing tion's campuses. energy in the Amert can economy. A key our mining and minerals policies. While The Secretary of the Interior's first provision of the act requires the Depart­ it does not contain specific recommenda­ annual report on the state of the mineral ment of the Intertor to report annually tions, which are to be submitted after industry in the United States establishes on the state of the mineral industry in further study, it does point out broad one thing beyond doubt: The importance the United States. The first such report general areas of possible improvement. of the role that mineral wealth plays in has now been issued by Secretary Mor­ It suggests that there must be con­ the economy and welfare of a modern ton and I brtng it to your attention, and tinued cooperation between Government society. America's mineral industry has to the attention of my colleagues, as an and industry. While a cooperative spirit made possible comforts and convenience important piece of work on an important has characterized relations between the for all that earlier generations of men subject. Government and the minerals industry could only dream about. As the report so graphically points out,· there is room for improvement. -Reliabln One other thing that the report makes a comprehensive minerals policy is a na­ data on mineral reserves, for example. clear, however, is that we must modify tional necessity. In the past, except in are requisite to the forming of minergt our mineral policies to fit present reali­ times of war, we have tended to muddle policy. Some mineral industries volun , ties. Secretary Morton and his staff have along with respect to minerals policy, teer such data, others do not. The Gov­ taken the first step toward that goal assuming, no doubt, that the steel and oil ernment, in turn, influences industrtal through the preparation of this excel­ and gas and other mineral products that climate through its authority over taxes, lent report. this Nation's economy requires in such patent law, antitrust decisions, and It is important that Congress get a large quantities would be found some­ foreign trade negotiations. As Govern­ total picture of our overall minerals and where. ment officials work for the benefit of all energy problems and I believe this report Such is not necessartly the case. Our citizens, it must be recognized that a will be a real aid to all of us in our con­ expanding economy needs new mineral healthy mineral industry is one of the sideration of policy matters affecting our supplies far faster than new domestic essentials to our economic growth. extractive industries. I urge all of my sources are being developed or available, One development that could well foster colleagues to read it and use it as an ex­ secure foreign sources can be tapped. It better relations between Government cellent reference in your day-to-day ac­ takes 4 billion tons of new mineral sup­ and industry, the Interior Department tivities involving our mineral resources. plies a year-20 tons per person-to sa­ suggests, would be implementation of tisfy American demand. The energy we the plan to establish a Department of burn up in our machines is measured in Natural Resources, a recommendation quadrillions of Brttish thermal units-69 for Government reorganization made by quadrtllion per year-to quote latest esti­ President Nixon in 1971. Under this plan, J. EDGAR HOOVER mates--a figure too huge for most mor­ major responsibilities for energy and tals to comprehend. Interior Department mineral resources would fall within the specialists say, however, that to get an Department of Natural Resources. Fed­ HON. H. JOHN HEINZ III equivalent amount of work done with eral energy and mineral resource policy OF PENNSYLVANIA human labor, every citizen in the coun­ would be largely integrated, and policies IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES try would need a staff of 300 servants, all developed with a clear understanding of Wednesday, May 3, 1972 willing to work 24 hours a day, 7 days a its overall implications. week. Whatever else is done in the way of Mr. HEINZ. Mr. Speaker, I join with During the two decades from 1950 to mineral policy it appears essential that my colleagues in mourning the passing 1970, demand for energy in this country the technology of mineral recovery and of a great American, J. Edgar Hoover, doubled. During the same period, de- utilization be improved. Most scientists but also in voicing my concern about the ( ( t 16002 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 4, 1972 ( tremendous void Mr. Hoover's death has FBI, which he built. He had tremendous four dead and rune wounded students created. power but he also had a tremendous re­ were the victims of a conspiracy by mem­ Mr. Hoover's was a vital job, one which spect for individual rights and freedoms. bers of the Ohio National Guard to take he performed for scores of years with an I, too, feel that it is very appropriate the lives of student demonstrators. expertise and understanding uncommon that legislation has been introduced to I think it is significant that James in most men. He commanded loyalty and name the new FBI Building the J. Edgar Michener, author of his own book on the respect and became a legend in his own Hoover Building, a visible, lasting tribute Kent State incident, should now embrace time. to a great man. the Davies theory. This development was Mr. Hoover's successor faces no small Mr. Hoover, over the years, made a reparted in the New York Times on task in carrying on the leadership quali­ genuine and tremendous contribution to­ May 1. ties and persuasive abilities of the late ward effective law enforcement and to Frankly, I was ashamed of the actions FBI chief tan. The American public owes the professionalization of law-enforce­ of the Justice Department in the Kent a debt of gratitude to J. Edgar Hoover. ment officers. He will long be remem­ State affair. I think with this issue, the I pray his successor has the courage and bered for his integrity, his patriotism, Federal Government had an opportunity stamina to continue his fine and dedi­ and his ability. All of us will miss him to show young people that there is a cated service to this Nation. and we all mourn the passing of this dis­ sense of justice in Washington concern­ tinguished American. ing the activities of the young, the angry, and the alienated. Even after the Justice Department J. EDGAR HOOVER ignored those of us who petitioned them, HAVE WE LEARNED ANYTffiNG the administration had a second oppar­ FROM KENT STATE? tunity to show its sense of justice. HON. HAROLD T. JOHNSON Student representatives from the uni­ OF CALIFORNIA HON. WILLIAM S. MOORHEAD versity came to Washington to see Pres­ OF PENNSYLVANIA ident Nixon, carrying with them the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES names of 12,000 Kent State students who Tuesday, May 2, 1972 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES asked that he overrule the Justice De­ Mr. JOHNSON of California. Mr. Thursday, May 4, 1972 partment and convene a Federal grand Speaker, I rise to recognize a great ca­ Mr. MOORHEAD. Mr. Speaker, 2 years jw·y. But President Nixon refused. And reer in law enforcement. ago today, four youngsters were shot to the stench of political expediency still J. Edgar Hoover's outstanding leader­ death and nine wounded, one serious­ lingers like a shroud over the affair. ship not only directly improved the Na­ ly, by Ohio National Guardsmen during Have we learned anything from the in­ tion's law enforcement profession but a student protest at Kent State Univer- cident at Kent State? also was an inspiration to all dedicated sity. - There is little doubt that campus dis­ law enforcement officers throughout the The killings further incensed students orders occurred less frequently fallowing country. across the country who already were that day. Some attribute this to the will­ Over the years, J. Edgar Hoover dem­ seething over President Nixon's decision ingness of public officials to shoot the onstrated by his actions and his way of to invade Cambodia. More campus riots young rather than reason with them. life that he loved his country. He was and demonstrations followed the Kent I hope the truth is that both young­ proud to be an American and despised State incident. sters and those of us in authority realize those who wanted to overthrow our free, The tragedy of May 4, 1970, has been that bullets and violence are not answers democratic system of government which compounded by the unwillingness of the to the frustrations that are manifest in was established by our forefathers near­ State of Ohio, or the Federal Govern­ public protests. ly two centuries ago. ment, to investigate the Guardsmen, or However, the reason that students took I would like to emphasize one particu­ their officers, for these shootings. to the streets at Kent still persists---the lar aspect of the Federal Bureau of In­ Indeed, the State of Ohio convened war in Southeast Asia. vestigation which he built into such a a grand jury which merely blamed the How in good conscience can the Presi­ fine, respected organization. That is the disorder on students and absolved the dent expect to fool the electorate with training program. Law enforcement of­ National Guard of any wrongdoing in the his thinly veiled political campaign to fiers from throughout the Second Con­ deaths of Allison Krause, Sandra Scheu­ bring our involvement in Vietnam to a gressional District, representing State, er, Jeffrey Miller, and William Schroed­ halt just before the November elections? county, and city governments have bene­ er. Here is a man who won the Presidency fitted from this fine training program. A Federal district court later ordered on his promise to end the war. Yet to­ Not only has the basic FBI Academy here the grand jury's report to be physically day's papers tell of new missions to Viet­ helped individual officers, but it has also destroyed for its lack of content and ob­ nam to see if our allies needs additional proven an example for various State vious bias. weapons. These weapons drag with them and local training programs all of which The FBI carried out the only exhaus­ the American "advisers and volunteers" have markedly improved the quality of tive, definitive analysis of the incident. who must educate the Vietnamese 1n our law enforcement over the past sev­ However, the FBI was less than co­ their use. Weapons mean air suppart and eral years. operative with me and 19 other Members "protective reaction" bombing that mean I am proud, during the ·nearly 14 years of Congress who requested this study so more American dead. that I have served in the House of Repre­ that the many doubts surrounding what It seems those with the power to end sentatives, to have given my full support happened on the dreadful day could be the war will not listen. to the Federal Bureau of Investigation told to the Nation. I hope I am wrong. I hope these young and its programs including its appropria­ Not only was our request for the study people have not died in vain. tions. refused, but only when this Congress re­ Just recently I completed my annual cessed for the summer in August 1971 did legislative poll among the constituents the Justice Department announce it .in the Second Congressional District and would not comply with our demands that L. PATRICK GRAY ACTING I would note their No. 1 concern is that a Federal grand jury be convened to in­ DffiECTOR OF FBI of law and order. It is indeed a concern vestigate the killings. of all our people but I think we can be In the meantime suits and counter­ HON. DAN KUYKENDALL thankful here today for the progress that suits have been filed against the State OF TENNESSEE of Ohio, the Methodist Church, the par­ we have made over the years and the per­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sonal contributions of J. Edgar Hoover. ents of the four students, and a citizen Rad it not been for the dedication and by the name of Peter Davies, who with Thursday, May 4, 1972 ability of this man the crime situation the assistance of the Methodist Church Mr. KUYKENDALL. Mr. Speaker, I would have been far worse today. published his own theory on the killings. noted with pleasure this morning's news I agree with my colleagues that the The Davies study, which I put into the reports that President Nixon has decided :real monument to his memory is the RECORD on July 22, 1971, holds that the to appoint Assistant Attorney General May 4, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 16003 L. Patrick Gray III as Acting Director week raising the standard for minimum cant !or, or recipient of, a grant, a loan guar­ wage in this country to $2 per hour. antee or a loan under the Act; of the Federal Bureau of Investigation. (3) "Fiscal year" means the fiscal year of This decision by the President indicates Whether such legislation would sim­ the applicant; that he fully intends to keep this most ply increase or decrease the number of (4) The term "operating costs" means the important Federal office outside the field people now on the welfare rolls is cer­ actual operating costs of the applicant for a of partisan political debate. I salute this tainly debatable; but that such an in­ fiscal year as determined in accordance wit h decision by the President. In the remarks crease in the minimum wage standard cost determination principles a.nd require­ which I delivered 2 days ago following will raise the cost of medical services in ments under Title XVIII of the Social Se­ the death of J. Edgar Hoover, I empha­ private hospitals by as much as $12 to curity Act (42 U.S.C. 1395): Provided, That sized the importance of efficient, effective $14 per day is not debatable. such "operating costs" shall be determined for the applicant's entire facility and for all management of this law enforcement or­ It is evident that the Federal Govem­ patients regardless of the source of payment ganization. Those of us in the Congress, men t is setting in motion the processes to for such care: And pr ov ided further, That and the country in general have had our destroy private, traditional medical serv­ in determining such operating costs there fill of the politically motivated squab­ ice facilities and replace them with so­ shall be deducted the a.mount of all actual or bling in the Senate Judiciary Committee cialized medicine-"free" for all the peo­ estimated reimbursements, as applicable, for over the confirmation of Acting Attorney ple, paid for by those who work and con­ services received or to be received pursuant to General Kleindienst. tribute to this society, but controlled and Title XVIII and XIX of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395 and 1396) ; Assistant Attorney General Gray, a re­ rendered ineffective by Federal bureau­ ( 5) The term "net income" means the net tired Navy captain and experienced at­ crats. The pressure from above now income of the applicant determined in ac­ torney, I am sure will serve our country awaits pressure from below. The trap is cordance with the applicant's usua.1 account­ in the great tradition of the late Mr. set for socialized medicine. ing methods provided that such methods are Hoover. I ask that the HEW-proposed regula­ consistently applied a.nd are compatible with tion and its purported legislative author­ accounting principles generally accepted in ity follow my remarks. hospital a.nd related fields; HOW SOCIALIZED MEDICINE IS The material follows: (6) The term "reasonable cost" means t he BEING MADE AN ACCEPTABLE cost of providing services to a specific PROGRAM MEDICAL SERVICES FOR PERSONS UNABLE patient determined in accordance with the To PAY: NONDISCRIMINATION cost determination principles and require­ Public Health Service ments under title XVIII of the Social Se­ . HON. JOHN R. RARICK [ 42 CFR Part 53] curity Act ( 42 U.S.C. 1395) and Subpart D of the regulations thereunder (20 CFR 405, OF LOUJ:SIANA PROPOSED STANDARDS FOR DETERMINING 401 et seq.); IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES COMPLIANCE (7) The term "uncompensated services" Notice ls hereby given that the Adminis­ Thursday, May 4, 1972 means services which are made available to trator, Health Services and Mental Health persons unable to pay therefor without Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, HEW has Administration, with the approval of the Sec­ charge or at a charge which ls less than the issued an Executive order, promulgated retary of Health, Education, and Welfare, and reasonable cost of such services. The level of in the Federal Register of April 18, subject to the approval of the Federal Hos­ such services ls measured by the difference pital Council, proposes to revise § 53.111 of between the amount charged !or such serv­ 1972-vol. 37, No. 75-proposed regula­ Title 42, CFR, entitled "Services !or persons tions requiring all "hospitals, facilities ices a.nd the reasonable cost thereof; unable to pay." (8) "Reasonable volume of services to per­ for long-term care, out-patient facilities, The principal purpose of the revision ls to sons unable to pay therefor" means a level rehabilitation facilities, and public establish more specific standards, guidelines, of uncompensated services which meets a health centers" to budget and provide and procedures for determining compliance need for such services in the area served by free services for "persons unable to pay," with, and enforcing, assurances to provide a an applicant and which ls within the finan­ up to 5 percent of operating costs or 25 reasonable volume of services to persons un­ cial ability of such applicant to provide. able to pay therefor previously given by re­ (c) Assurance. Before an application under percent of net income, whichever is the cipients of, or to be given by applicants for, higher figure. this part ls recommended by a State agency assistance under Title VI of the Public Health to the Secretary for approval, the State Authority for this HEW "ordered Service Act as amended (42 U.S.C. 291 et agency shall obtain an assurance from the charity" which must be carried on by seq.). applicant that there wm be made available in private medical facilities is cited as 42 Interested persons are invited to submit the facility or portion thereof to be con­ U.S.C. 29lc, 78 stat. 451. written comments, suggestions, or objections structed or modernized a reasonable volume No one understands better than those regarding the proposed revision of 42 CFR of services to persons unable to pay therefor. of us in Congress that nothing is free; Part 53, Subpart L, to the Health Care Fa­ The requirement of an assurance from an someone must pay, or there is no service. cilities Service, Parklawn Building, 5600 applicant shall be waived i.! the applicant Federal giveaway programs simply re­ Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20852, within demonstrates to the satisfaction of the State 30 days after the date of publication of this agency, subject to subsequent approval by turn something to the people that the notice in the Federal Register. Comments re­ the Secretary, that such a requirement is Federal Government has first taken ceived will be available for public inspection not feasible from a financial viewpoint. away from them. at Room 9---05, Parklawn Building, between {d ) Presumptive compliance guideline. An In this instance, the intended free the hours of 8:30 a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday applicant which, !or a fiscal year, budgets medical services for "persons unable to through Friday. for the support of, and makes available on pay" will but constitute a new use tax on This proposed revision of Title 42 CFR request, uncompensated services at a level the paying patient-otherwise, the med­ 53.111 ls issued under authority of section not less than the higher of 5 percent of op­ 603 of the Public Health Service Act as erating costs or 25 percent of net income ical facility will face certain bankruptcy. amended, 78 Stat. 451, 42 U.et.C. 291c. shall, subject to the provisions of paragraph Any additional increase in free health It is therefore proposed to revise 42 CFR {h) of this section, be deemed in presump­ benefits can but reduce the number of 53.111 to read as set forth below. tive compliance with its assurance. paying patients and proportionately in­ Dated: April 12, 1972. (e) Compliance reports. (1) Each appE­ crease the discontent with the high cost VERNON E. WILSON, cant shall, not later than 120 days after the of private medical services. Administrator, Health Services end of a fiscal year, unless a longer period is Carried to its ultimate conclusion, we and Mental Health Administration. approved by the State agency for good cause must realize that the American people Approved: April 15, 1972. shown, file with the State agency a oopy of will again be exploited by Government­ § 53.111 Services !or persons unable to pay. its annµal statement !or such year as re­ (a) Applicability. The provisions of this quired by section 646 of the Act and § 53 .128 inflated costs of medical services, which section apply to every applicant which here­ (q), which shall set forth its operating costs will in turn force the people to cry for tofore has given or hereafter will give an as­ and the amount of uncompensated services more and more Government-subsidized surance that it will make available a reason­ provided in such year. The provision of a health services--and eventually the peo­ able volume of services to persons unable to level of uncompensated services in such year ple will demand socialized, or federalized pay therefor. which equals or exceeds the level established medicine out of sheer desperation. (b) Definitions. As used in this section: pursuant to paragraph (h) of this section for Then, as if the hospitals and medical (1) The term "facmty" includes hospitals, such year shall constitute compliance with service institutions will not be subject to faclltiies for long-term care, out-patient fa­ the assurance. If the level of services pro­ enough inflationary pressure resulting cilities, rehabilitation facilities, and public vided was less than the level of uncompen­ from these proposed regulations by HEW, health centers; sated services established p u rsuant t o para­ this House will consider legislation next (2) The term "applicant" means an appl1.. graph (h) of this section, the applicant shall 16004 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 4, 1972 submit with such statement (i) a justifica­ the family in relation to the reasonable cost to the rate can do so by writing to the State tion therefor, showing that the provision of of the services; agency within 20 days after publication of such lower level of uncompensated services (ii) Generally recognized standards of the notice. was reasonable under the circumstances and need such as (a) the State standards for ( 5) The applicant or any person or persons (ii) a description of the steps it proposes to the medically needy as determined for the residing or located within the service area take to assure the availability and utilization purposes of the Aid for Families with De­ of the applicant, or any organization on be­ of the level of uncompensated services to be pendent Children program; (b) the current half of such person or persons, may submit established for the current fl.seal year, which Social Security Administration poverty in­ to the State agency within 20 days of the shall include an affirmative action plan, util­ come level; ( c) the current Office of Eco­ publication and sending of the notice objec­ izing available media of mass communica­ nomic Opportunity Income Poverty Guide­ tions to the rate established by the State tion as well as other appropriate means, to lines applicable in the area; or agency for the applicant. Such objections bring to the attention of the public the (iii) Any other equivalent measures which may be supported in writing by factual in­ availability of such uncompensated services are found by the Secretary to provide a rea­ formation and argument. The State agency and the conditions of eligibility therefor. sonable basis for determining an individual's may, if it believes that determination of the (2) Each applicant shall fl.le with its an­ ability to pay for medical and hospital serv­ objections will be assisted by oral evidence nual statement a copy of that portion of ices. or by oral argument, set a public hearing on its adopted budget for the current fiscal year (2) A copy of such criteria shall be pro­ the objections and shall give notice of such relating to the support of uncompensated vided by the applicant, upon request, to any hearing to all interested parties and to the services in such year. Such budget for un­ patient or former patient of the applicant public. If no hearing is set, the State agen­ compensated services shall be based on the and to any person seeking services from the cy shall give public notice of the receipt of operating costs of the applicant for the pre­ applicant. the objections and shall make the objections ceding fiscal year and shall give due cogniz­ (3) The State agency shall provide a copy and their supporting documents available for ance to probable increases in operating costs. of such criteria to any person requesting it. public inspection and comment. The State If the budget statement does not conform (h) Level of uncompensated services. (1) agency shall rule promptly upon the objec­ to the presumptive compliance guidelines, Th~ State agency shall set forth in its tions in writing, stating its reasons for sus­ the applicant shall submit with its state­ State plan procedures for the determination taining or overruling them, in whole or in ment (1) a justification therefor, showing for each applicant of the level of uncom­ part, and establishing finally the rate of un­ that such lower level of uncompensated serv­ pensated services which constitutes a rea­ compensated services either the same as, ices is reasonable under the circumstances, sonable volume of services to persons unable above, or below the rate previously establish­ and (ii) a plan to increase such uncompen­ to pay therefor. ed, as may best accord with all of the evi­ sated services to meet the presumptive com­ (2) The State agency shall for the pur­ dence on fl.le with or heard by the State pliance guideline or such other level of un­ pose of making such determination, review, agency. compensated services as may have been and evaluate the annual statement, the Notice of the final determination shall be established or as it requests the State agency budget and the related documents submitted malled to all parties who fl.led objections or to establish in accordance with paragraph by each applicant pursuant to paragraph ( e) who participated in the proceedings leading (h) of this section. of this section, by applying the following to the redetermination. (3) The applicant shall also submit such criteria: (6) Within 20 days of receipt of written additional reports related to compliance with (i) The financial status of the applicant, notice of the final determination of a State its assurance as the State agency may rea­ taking account of income from all sources, agency after ruling on objections to the sonably require. and its financial ability to provide uncom­ rate established by the State agency, the (f) Qualifying services. (1) In determin­ pensated services; applicant or any other interested person or ing the amount of uncompensated services (ii) The nature and quantity of services organization may submit to the Secretary a provided by an applicant, there shall be in­ provided by the applicant; written request for review of the State cluded only those services provided to an (iii) The need within the applicant's agency determination. Such review shall be individual with respect to whom the appli­ service area for the provision, without charge made upon the record of the State agency cant has made a formal written determina­ or at charge which is less than reasonable determination which shall be sustained if tion prior to the provision of such services cost, for services of the nature provided or supported by substantial evidence and is that such individual is unable to pay there­ to be provided by the applicant; and not otherwise arbitrary or capricious. If the for under the criteria established pursuant (iv) The extent and nature of joint or co­ Secretary or his designee determines that to paragraph (g) of this section except that operative programs with other facilities for the rate established by the State agency is such determination may be made after the the provision of uncompensated services, and unsupported by the evidence in the record provision of the services where ( i) there has the extent and nature of outreach services or is otherwise arbitrary or capricious, the been a change in circumstances, e.g., the directed to the needs of underserved areas. Secretary or his designee shall, upon the patient's financial condition has changed or (3) In accordance with its findings made basis of the record or upon other evidence the cost of the services provided is greater after such review and evaluation, the State or information which is before him or which than anticipated, (ii) an emergency or an agency shall, within 60 days after receipt of he may obtain, establish a level of uncom­ urgent need for services has precluded a the annual statement and related documents pensated services which he determines, in determination of the patient's ability to pay required by paragraph ( e) of this section, accordance with the criteria set out in sub­ therefor or (iii) the applicant has for other for each fiscal year of an applicant which paragraph (2) of this paragraph, is appro­ good cause been unable to complete its in­ begins following the expiration of 90 days priate. vestigation and determination prior to the after the effective date of this regulation: (7) The level of uncompensated services provision of the services: Provided, That a (i) Establish a level of uncompensated established for an applicant under this sec­ statement of such good cause be made a services for each applicant which may be tion for any fl.seal year shall constitute a part of the applicant's written determina­ equal to or less than the presumptive com­ reasonable volume of services to persons un­ tion. pliance guideline: Provided, That if the State able to pay therefor with respect to such (2) There shall be excluded from the com­ agency determines, in accordance with sub­ applicant for such fiscal year. putation of uncompensated services: paragraph (2) of this paragraph, that (a) (i) Evaluation and enforcement. The State (i) Any amount which the applicant has there is a need in the area served by an plan shall provide for evaluation a.nd en­ received, or is entitled to receive, from a applicant for a level of uncompensated serv­ forcement of the assurance in accordance third party insurer or under a governmental ices greater than the level proposed in the with the following requirements: program; and applicant's budget statement, and (b) the (1) The State agency shall, (i) at least (ii) The reasonable cost of any services applicant is financially able to provide such annually, perform evaluations of the services for which payment in whole or in part would greater level of uncompensated services, the provided in each facility with respect to be available under a governmental program State agency shall establish such greater which Federal assistance has been provided (e.g., Medicare and Medicaid) in which the level as the level applicable to the applicant; under the Act, to determine whether such applicant, although eligible to do so, does and assurance is being complied with; and (ii) not participate, but only to the extent of (ii) Accept or modify a plan submitted establish procedures for the investigation of such otherwise available payment. pursuant to paragraph (e) of this section: complaints that such assurance is not being (g) Person unable to pay for services. (1) (4) The State agency shall notify the ap­ complied with. The State agency shall set forth in its State plicant in writing of the level of uncom­ (2) Evaluation pursuant to subparagraph plan, subject to approval by the Secretary, pensated services which it has established ( 1) of this paragraph shall be based on the criteria. for identifying persons unable to pay for the applicant for the fiscal year. At the annual budget of each facility for uncom­ for services, which shall include persons who time of notifying the applicant, the State pensated services and on financial state­ a.re otherwise self-supporting but unable to agency shall also publish as a public notice ments of such facilities fl.led pursuant to pay the full charge for needed services. Such in a newspaper of general circulation within section 646 of the Act and § 53.128(q), and criteria shall be based on the following or the community served by the applicant the on such other information, including reports similar factors: rate that has been established, a statement of investigations and hearing decisions, as (i) The health and medical care insurance that the documents upon which the agency the State agency deems relevant and ma­ coverage, personal or family income, the size based its detetmination are available for terial. of the patient's family, and other financial public inspection at a location and time pre­ (3) The State plan shall provide for ade­ obligations and resources of the patient or scribed, and that persons Wishing to object quate methods of enforcement of the assur- May 4, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 16005 a.nee, including effective sanctions to be ap­ that building would house the Federal nearby black community, was largely with­ plied a.ga.inst any facility which fails to com­ Bureau of Investigation. I am today in­ out experience in supermarket operation. ply with such assurance. Such sanctions ma.y troducing a bill in the House of Repre­ $200,000 CAPITAL include, but need not be limited to, license revocation, termination of State assistance, sentatives that the building be named Central City Foods opened April 9, 1969, on and court action. after Mr. Hoover. the fringe of an area considered to be part (J) Reports. ( 1) The State agency shall, of the city's decaying inner core. The 15,000 not less often than annually, report in writ­ square foot area store, representing a capital ing to the Secretary its evaluation of each investment of $200,000, is affiliated with Na­ facility's compliance with the assurance, the CENTRAL CITY FOODS MOVES TO tional Jet Food Corp. of Baltimore, a black­ disposition of each complaint received by PROFIT controlled food distribution business. the State agency, proposed remedial action The break-even volume for Central City with respect to each facility found by the Foods was estimated at about $35,000 a. week State agency to be not in compliance with HON. WILLIAM (BILL) CLAY when the store was built. Hurt says that the assurance, and the status of such re­ early last fall the store surpassed that medial action. OF MISSOURI volume and in recent months has been doing (2) In addition, the State agency shall IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES about $43,000 to $45,000 a week. Total sales the first year amounted to more than promptly report to the Regional Attorney Thursday, May 4, 1972 and Regional Health Director of the Depart­ $2,500,000. ment of Health, Education, and Welfare the Mr. CLAY. Mr. Speaker, a serious prob­ "The apparent key to profits is our ability institution of any legal action against a fa­ to control and stabilize employment," Hurt lem facing inner city residents is the lack sa.ys. "Although we recognize that one of cility or the State agency involving com­ of supermarkets. More and more we see pliance with the assurance. the aims in building this store was to pro­ the large food retailers leaving the inner vide jobs for people who needed them, we (FR Doc. 72-5966 Filed 4-17-72; 9:31 am] city as their operation costs mount. have a.t times been overstaffed." § 291c. General regulations This trend must be stopped if inner The store currently has 37 employees in­ The Surgeon Genera.I, with the approval of city residents are to have a plentiful cluding four nonblacks. At times last year, the Federal Hospi-tal Council and the Secre­ supply of quality food products avail­ employment was as high as 60. Hurt esti­ tary of Health, Education, and Welfare, shall mates tha.t with increased volume in the by general regulations prescribe-- able at reasonable cost. I am proud to coming year, employment will stabilize at say that one of this country's leading ef­ about 45. State plan requirements; assurances nec­ forts to stop this trend is in my district. "The greatest problem we faced in our essary for approval of application Central City Foods in St. Louis, owned first year was trying to keep personnel costs (e) that the State plan shall provide for by the citizens of the community it in the line in view of our policy of hiring adequate hospital and other facilities for serves, has just celebrated its third an­ inexperienced help," Hurt explained. which aid under this part is available, for all niversary of service to the inner city. I EMPLOYES NEEDED TRAINING persons residing in the State, and adequate have had the privilege of a long associa­ Less than half of the store's original staff hospitals (and such other facilities) to fur­ tion with Central City Foods and its had ever worked in a supermarket before nish needed services for persons unable to president, Mr. James E. Hurt. joining Central City Foods, ~ factor that pay therefor. Such regulations may also re­ Hurt says added significantly to the overall quire that before approval of an application Surviving economically while provid­ ing the community with a quality food operating costs in the first year. Hurt says for a project is recommended by a. State the store has tried to maintain salary ex­ agency to the Surgeon General for approval source and employment opportunities is, penses at about 9 per cent of gross sales. under this part, assurance shall be received however, no easy job for Central City "Like most supermarkets we operate on a by the State from the applicant that (1) the Foods. That is why I have recently begun very narrow margin of profit on sales--about facility or portion thereof to be constructed working with the U.S. Department of La­ 1 to 1¥2 per cent," Hurt points out. or modernized will be made available to all bor in an effort to secure a grant to help The most encouraging aspect of the first persons residing in the territorial area of the Central City Foods train its employees in year of operating for Central City Foods, applicant; and (2) there will be made avail­ according to Hurt, was the steady increase in able in the facility or portion thereof to be entreprenuerial skills. Such a training experience will provide Central City sales from month to month and the support constructed or modernized a reasonable vol­ given the business by the community-par­ ume of services to persons unable to pay Foods with the upwardly mobile work­ ticularly church groups in St. Louis County. therefor, but an exception shall be made if force which is essential to its continued Forty-six church groups and organizations such a requirement is not feasible from a success. Such training will also provide have pledged support of the supermarket by financial viewpoint. the employees with expanded employ­ periodically shopping there. July 1, 1944, c. 373, Title VI, § 603, as ment horizons and an opportunity to up­ The importance of this support is symbolic added Aug. 18, 1964, Pub.L. 88-443, § 3(a), rather than economic, Hurt points out: 78 Stat. 451, and amended Sept. 4, 1964, Pub. grade their position. We are hopeful that the U.S. Depart­ "Most of those groups only shop here once a. L. 88-581, §3 (b), 78 Stat. 919. year but their support is important in that ment of Labor will be able to assist Cen­ it contributes to our eventual success." tral City Foods in this project. So that my colleagues may learn more "STANDS ON OWN FEET" DEATH OF J. EDGAR HOOVER about Central City Foods, I insert a St. Hurt stresses that he wants the business to stand on its own economic merits a.nd has Louis Post-Dispatch article on the firms' therefore not aggressively sought special development at this point in the RECORD: shopping groups such as the churches. Real­ HON. JOHN C. KLUCZYNSKI [From the St. Louis Post-Dispatch, Apr. 30, izing the importance of good relations within OF ll.LINOIS 1970] the business community, he comments, "We IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES CENTRAL CITY FOODS MOVES TO PROFIT don't want to take business from other stores by reason of our location or the character of Thursday, May 4, 1972 (By Curt Matthews) our store." Central City Foods, Inc., the supermarket Mr. Central City Foods, Inc., was formed in Mr. KLUCZYNSKI. Speaker, the that opened a year ago at 3500 Franklin Ave­ 1967 by a group of Negro ministers a.nd busi­ Nation mourns the death of the Honor­ nue as the city's most ambitious example of nessmen with Hurt as president. He ls also able J. Edgar Hoover, Director of the Black Capitalism, ended its first year of president of Employes Loan and Investment Federal Bureau of Investigation since operation with a loss. Co. and is a vice president of the Gateway 1924. Mr. Hoover was not only a fearless However, James E. Hurt, president, points National Bank, a black-owned and managed and incorruptible law enforcement of­ out that the market has been running ahead bank. of projections in sales and is moving stead­ Original financing for the market was ficer, but he was also a loyal and dedi­ ily toward sustained profitability. cated American whose aim in life was to raised through a stock offering at $10 a. share. "We told our investors not to expect a pro­ The firm has about 2000 investors, many of support, defend, and sustain our great fit for the first three yea.rs," says Hurt. "Al­ them living in the immediate neighborhood Republic in the lofty principles upon though we've had month-to-month operat­ of the store. which it was founded. ing profits, there were unusual start-up Noting this point as one reason the market Mr. Speaker, for some years there has promotion expenses and costs related to hir­ has had a low rate of pilferage and loss, _Hurt been under construction on Pennsylvania ing and training inexperienced help that says. "You have to realize that this is a dif­ Avenue in the city of Washington a were factors in our loss for the first 12 ferent kind of corporation. Many of our cus­ months." tomers are also stockholders." building to house the Federal Bureau of Hurt noted that the company spent $35,000 Investigation. Mr. Hoover was dedicated on promotion and advertising last spring PROFIT ONLY A SYMBOL to the final completion of that building, when the market opened. He also pointed out The investors in the super-market, al­ and he looked forward to the time when that the store's work force, drawn from the though told in advance that the store may :' 16006 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 4, 1972 ) not return a profit in its first three years, writing environmental protection legislation b. Consider the feasibility of giving small may not have to wait that long. Hurt says is tough enough even when you know what businessmen in the private sector an oppor­ his primary goal in the second year of opera­ you're doing. It takes a careful balancing tunity to manage and operate those tem­ tion ls to boost sales to $60,000 weekly and of often competing social goals. He adds that porary lodging units which have already been put the store in a firm profit position. "lynch mob justice" is no way to go a.bout it. constructed. "Profit is important only as a symbol of Transpo 72 Opens This Month.-Families c. Require each of the military depart­ what a black-owned and operated enterprise planning visits to Washington this Spring ments to forward for review and approval all can do," Hurt says. "We're not trying to prove should plan to take in Tra.nspo 72 at Dulles construction projects for temporary lodging to white people that this operation can be Airport. The show opens May 27 and runs quarters, regardless of method of funding. successful-we're trying to· prove it to b!ack through June 4, featuring more than 500 d. Before approving temporary lodging people." displays of the most modern and futuristic projects, determine, by complete and accurate For this reason, Hurt says the store wlll transportation equipment from around the surveys, whether: maintain its identity as a black enterprise world. A variety of entertainment programs (1) There exists a need for such facllltles and not seek to be absorbed as "just another also are on the schedule. It'll be great fun (such as kitchenettes), business." for all. (11) If private enterprise can meet the Hurt's secondary goal for Central City Douglas 5, Boeing 0.-McDonnell Douglas need, including the feasibility of leasing pri­ Foods in the coming year is to open a second recently won a big new Navy jet transport vate units or having private enterprise con­ store in the Central West End. contract for its Long Beach plant. The $25.3 struct and operate such facilities under con­ million pact is for the first five of an esti­ tract with the Department. mated 33-plane fleet of multi-purpose trans­ ports called the C-9B. The company, the Mr. Speaker. I am pleased to announce CONGRESSMAN CRAIG HOSMER'S area's largest employer, won the bidding over that the Department of Defense, in a let­ WASHINGTON NEWS NOTES Boeing Co. of Seattle, giving a big boost to ter to Representative KLUCZYNSKI from our local economy. Assistant Secretary Barry J. Shillito, has How Big Is Big Business?-A recent study agreed to, and is actively cooperating in HON. CRAIG HOSMER shows that some U.S. corporations have net implementing the subcommittee's recom­ OF CALIFORNIA sales rivaling the gross national product of DOD, many subst.a.ntial countries. For example, mendations. however, did take ex­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES General Motors had sales of $18.8 billion for ception to one recommendation, but I be­ Thursday, May 4, 1972 1970, which is more than the GNP of Pakis­ lieve that their conclusions in this mat­ tan, and South Africa and just slightly less ter are quite understandable and reason­ Mr. HOSMER. Mr. Speaker, I have dis­ than Switzerland. AT&T, Standard Oil (N.J.) able. tributed to many organizations within and Ford all outrank Denmark, Austria and The Department of Defense is to be my oongressional district my monthly Indonesia. Sears Roebuck had $9.3 billion in commended in this instance for its in­ "Washington News Notes" letter. For sales, while Greece has a GNP of $9.0 billion. terest and concern for the small business­ the information of my colleagues, the Interestingly, IT&T, which ha.s been ac­ man of the Nation while at the same time May issue follows: cused of meddling in the internal political affairs of Chile, had $6.4 billion in sales, com­ attempting to alleviate the plight of serv­ CONGRESSMAN CRAIG HOSMER'S WASHINGTON pared to Chile's gross national product of icemen who are required to move. I want NEWS NOTES $6.3 billion. Maybe IT&T should just buy the to take this opportunity to commend MAY 1972. country. Chairman KLUCZYNSKI'S efforts and, in More about those tennis shoes.-In the It's About That Time.-Fred Nelson of concert with him, to reiterate the sub­ April "News Notes," we reported on a new Huntington Beach reminds us that absentee political book which describes Congressman. committee's position on this matter. I am ballots for the June 6 primary election will Ora.lg Hosmer a.s being a "kindred spirit" pleased that the Department of Defense be available from May 8 through May 30. If concurs with our committee that this with "little old ladies in tennis shoes." We you won't be able to go to the polls on Elec-· lightly noted that Ora.lg didn't even own tion Day, be sure to request an absentee bal­ should not be done at the expense of the any tennis shoes. lot from the Registrar of Voters in either Los Nation's free enterprise system. Well, he does now I Charles Furgason of Angeles or Orange County. Because of the interest of my colleagues 9851 Jamaica. Circle, Huntington Beach, in im­ promptly sent Hosmer a star-spangled, red, and the American people this most white and blue pair of size 10%s. He sug­ portant subject, I am placing Secretary gested that "if you're going to represent Shillito's letter in the RECORD: Orange Cou:gty, please do it properly." PENTAGON AGREES TO SMALL ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF DEFENSE, The heroin hotline.-As part of a massive BUSINESS COMMITTEE'S RECOM­ Washington, D.C., May 2, 1972. nationwide push to clean up drug traffic, the MENDATIONS OF MILITARY MO­ Hon. JOHN c. KLUCZYNSKI, Federal Government has established a new TEIS Chairman, Subcommittee on Small Business "Heroin Hotline." Here's how it works: Problems in Smaller Towns and Urban If you have any information or knowledge Areas, Select Committee on Small Busi­ about anyone who ls selllng Heroin, you may HON. JOE L. EVINS ness, House of Representatives, Wash­ call toll-free from anywhere in the Con­ OF TENNESSEE ington, D.C. tinental U.S.-24 hours a day-and report DEAR MR. CHAmMAN: Reference ls made to this information. All information and identi­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES your letter of March 24, 1972 to Secretary fication are kept strictly confidential. Thursday, May 4, 1972 Laird which transmitted the Subcommittee The hotline number ls (800) 368-5363. As on Small Business Problems in Smaller citizens we all have a responsibility to help Mr. EVINS of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, Towns and Urban Areas Report on the Im­ crack down on drug pushers. Representative JOHN C. KLUCZ"YNSKI, pact of Federal Installations on Small Busi­ The 'Pep' Program.-A new pamphlet, "The chairman of the Subcommittee on Small ness and to an interim reply of March 31, Public Employment Program-Bringing To­ Business Problems in Smaller Towns 1972 from Mr. Rady A. Johnson, Assistant gether Jobless Workers and the Public Work and Urban Areas, of the Select Commit­ to the Secretary for Legislative Affairs. to Be Done," is available from the Labor De­ tee on Small Business, of which I have The first recommendation of the Subcom­ partment. The "PEP" program is financed mittee's report concerning the Department with Federal funds, with $1 billlon being the honor to be chairman, recently com­ of Defense is that we review all temporary spent this year to create new jobs in the pleted hearings and issued a report on lodging projects for which contracts have field of public senice. State and local gov­ the impact of Federal installations on been awarded, but construction not com­ ernments handle the planning of the pro­ small business. The report's recommen­ pleted, with a view to determining if the gram, which has concentrated on finding dations were directed, in part, to the projects should continue. This office wlll con­ jobs for veterans and youth. In some areas, Department of Defense in connection duct such a review of the temporary lodging police departments a.re taking on several with the services' announced plans to projects currently under construction in ac­ "PEP" aides, freeing officers for outdoor la.w­ construct and operate Government cordance with the Subcommittee's recom­ enforcement work. mendation. 'Nein' on Proposition 9.-Congressman motels on va1ious military bases in com­ A further recommendation was to consider Craig Hosmer has spoken out forcefully petition with private enterprise. the feas1b111ty of giving small businessmen against Proposition 9 on the June 6 primary Specifically, the subcommittee recom­ in the private sector an opportunity to man­ ballot, the so-called Pollution Initiative. He mended: age and operate those temporary lodging says that it would wreak environmental and That the Department of Defense: units which have already been constructed. economic disaster on California, wiping out a. Immediately, review all temporary lodg­ Although our mllitary installations utilize a thousands of jobs and turning the state into ing projects for which contracts have been great many businessmen to provide services another Appalachia. awarded, but construction not completed, on our installations, these are generally in Responsible business, labor and environ­ with a view to determining if the projects functional areas such as banks, cafeterias, mental groups statewide are lining up in should continue in light of the su~ommit­ barber shops, or shoe repair shops where the opposition to the measure. Hosmer says that tee's findings. businessman's particular expertise or service May 4, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 16007 1s required. The temporary lodging program tions of both Panzer College and the Panzer important issues .of our times. I realim that was developed to provide economical lodg­ School at Montclair State College. Many time does not always give you an opportu­ ing for permanent change of station person­ others in this group have been honored here nity to write, so I have prepared this ques­ nel. To have the private sector operate these or elsewhere or are worthy of honor for their tionnaire which lists some of the key is­ on-base lodging facilities could only increase achievements in education and community sues. the cost of the lodging accommodations and and social services of infinite variety. Of course, questions such as these a.re very is considered counterproductive to the intent These traditions are the traditions of complex. Sometimes it is difficult to an­ of the program. The Department of Defense, teacher education which have evolved in the swer with a simple "Yes" or "No," but this therefore, does not consider it feasible to United States since the first normal school problem faces every Member of Congress when operate temporary lodging facllities in this was founded in Lexington, Massachusetts, in legislation comes up for a vote. Please take manner. 1839. They may fluctuate like the stock a few minutes to give me the benefit of your The Subcommittee also recommended that market but still hold true. On the contrary, views. the Department of Defense require each of methods do change with the growth of scien­ In order to have the results tabulated as the Military Departments to forward for re­ tific foundations of education and with the soon as possible, no individual acknowl­ view and approval all construction projects rapid social changes. edgement that your questionnaire has been for temporary lodging quarters, regardless of Teaching is necessarily a profession, not received will be ma.de. Just as soon as the method of funding. This office is currently labor, because it is concerned with human responses have been tabulated, I will send writing a Directive which wlll be applicable life. It is not too much to ask that teachers you the results in a special Report from to all Mllitary Departments and Defense have good persona.I habits and integrity, good Washington. In addition, I wlll report the re­ Agencies and which wlll establish policy and manners, scholarship, professional com­ sults to the Congress and the President. procedures in regard to the construction, petence and concern for the creation of an Sincerely, acquisition, administration, operation, and environment in which the human organism JAMES H. QUILLEN. use of temporary lodging facilities: The Di­ can grow and develop normally. These are .Please check the appropriate box after tht} rective will require review and approval of the disciplines of professional training and question, then detach this questionnaire at all future temporary lodging facllities by this education. the fold and mall it as a post card or enclooe office. The review will include an evaluation I am quite aware that discipline and train­ it in an envelope to 102 Cannon House Office of the availability, adequacy, and cost of ing a.re unmentionable words, and that all we Building, Washington, D.C. 20515. commercial facllities including the feasibllity hear or read about is freed.om, rights, and (Boxes provided for "his" and "hers" for of leasing adequate commercial facilities. priVileges. "yes" or "no" answers.) We trust the above is responsive to the Indeed, I have failed to find an editorial 1. Do you favor granting amnesty to draft recommendations of the Subcommittee's or article in the news media. which explains dodgers and deserters? report. the close relation of freedom and discipline. 2. Should persons who vol unta.rily strike be Sincerely, Yet I must ask, is anyone who has not mas­ entitled to food stamps? BARRY J. SHILLITO, tered the disciplines of his own actions truly 3. Should the U.S. place a fixed limit on im­ Assistant Secretary of Defense (Installa­ free? ports of agricultural products to aid our tions and Logistics) . Without discipline or training, the regi­ farmers? ment is not free to march, nor the orchestra 4. Are you in favor of the U.S. expanding to play. How well can the team play without diploma.tic and trade relations with Main­ the disciplines of sport, or how can people land China? PHYSICAL EDUCATION TEACHES funotion socially without the discipllnes of 5. Do you favor forced busing of school chil­ SELF-DISCIPLINE the social amenities? Of what value is free dren to achieve racial balance? speech without the discipline of reason and 6. Do you feel the present system of wage Judgment or even the pa.in of thinking? and price controls ls working to end infla­ HON. JACK F. KEMP People so often ask me, how would you Uke tion? OF NEW YORK (a) to be president (b) how would you man­ 7. Do you favor changing the term of a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES age? The answer is simple: (a) I would not Member of Congress from two years to four (b) I could not. But you can, and you do. years? Thursday, May 4, 1972 When I think of the collective results of all 8. Do you favor eliminating the criminal Mr. KEMP. Mr. Speaker, not long ago, your contributions, I feel that the country penalties for possession of marijuana? I had the privilege of speaking to the is safe, in spite of the endless marches for 9. The so-called value added tax, in effect a freed.om. national sales tax, ls contemplated as a Eastern District Association of American I am so very proud of you. I have learned method to hold the line on property tax Association for Health, Physical Educa­ much from you and I keep track of you increases. Do you favor such a tax? tion, and Recreation at the invitation of through a.I umnl asoociation. I am proud of (Check one)-(Mr. & Mrs.); (Mr.); (Mrs.); Dr. Jean Berger. My remarks to their you as parents, teachers, sohola..rs, adminis­ (Miss). convention focused on the need for and trators, as community leaders, and also as Na.me------­ advantages of incorporating physical people of consequence in the development Address------education and recreation into the edu­ and stability of American culture. cational curriculum. It was my desire to convey my conviction that the hard les­ sons of life-the discipline, the dedica­ QUESTIONNAffiE FOR TENNESSEE EXPERT URGES STATUTORY SECU­ tion, and the human relationships em­ CONSTITUENTS RITY CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM TO anating from athletics of all kinds-are END DANGEROUS OVERCLASSI­ indispensable in preparing an individual HON. JAMES H. (JIMMY) QUILLEN FICATION AND ADMINISTRATION to face the demands of a free society. CHAOS Hopefully, I struck a responsive chord. OF TENNESSEE As a result of that talk, I have come into IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES HON. WILLIAM S. MOORHEAD the possession of some remarkable words Thursday, May 4, 1972 OF PENNSYLVANIA spoken by Dr. Margaret C. Brown, presi­ Mr. QUILLEN. Mr. Speaker, this week dent emeritus of Panzer College, dealing IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES I am sending a legislative questionnaire Thursday, May 4, 1972 with the same subject. Prof. Hazel Wack­ to all postal patrons in the First District er, who, along with Dr. Brown were hon­ of Tennessee, as well as in two addi­ Mr. MOORHEAD. Mr. Speaker, the ored by their colleagues, sent me a copy tional counties which have been redis­ Foreign Operations and Government In­ of Dr. Brown's remarks. I know her re­ tricted back into my district next year. formation subcommitee has been hold­ marks will strike a responsive note as Nine issues are included in my ques­ ing hearings on the interrelationship be­ well-they certainly did with me. I sub­ tionnaire, and I feel I have covered areas tween the Freedom of Information Act )nit her remarks so that they be included of vital interest. and problems resulting from the admin­ in the RECORD to focus attention on the As soon as I have tabulated the re­ istrative breakdown of our security clas­ fact that freedom requires self-dis­ sponses to my questionnaire, I will re­ sification system. Such matters may be pline. As Edmund Burke warned long port back the results to you and to the exempted under section 552(b) (1) of the ago "men of intemperate minds can President. In the meantime, I would like act in the "interest of the naltional de­ never be free, their passions forge their to have my questionnaire made available fense or foreign policy." fetters." for readers of the RECORD: During our hearings last summer dur..­ DISCIPLINE AND TRAINING-AN ART QUESTIONNAIRE ing the ''Pentagon papers" controversy, (Dr. Margaret C. Brown) MAY 1972. Mr. William G. Florence, a recently re­ Tonight you have honored three gradu­ DEAR FRIENDS: As your Congressman, I am tired Air Force official with 43 years of ates who exemplify the high ideals and tradi- very interested in what you think about the experience in the security classification cxvrrr-1010-Part 13 ) I 16008 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 4, 1972 j field testified that more than 99 percent Thousands of officials and employees view so thoroughly misled that they accept as of the information classified under Exec­ Members of Congress and other outsiders as fa.ct the gigantic falsification that a. con­ adversaries. Denial of information to Con­ filct exists in the Constitution between (a) utive Order 10501 did not meet the gress and the public has become a way the right of citizens to know and discuss secrecy criteria that warranted such pro­ of life in the Federal bureaus. It is most sig­ the activities of their government and (b) tection in the national defense interest. nificant that this subcommittee has re­ a. need for the Executive branch to keep in­ He pointed out that overclassification on ceived testimony from various departments formation secret. such a massive basis actually under­ and agencies within the past two months ac­ The contagion of the classification phi­ mined and endangered the truly vital de­ knowledging the need· for drastic changes in losophy long ago reached the point where the fense and foreign policy secrets. attitudes of personnel in those organizations security system in Executive Order 10501 Our hearings this year have focused on before there can be any change in the prac­ represents the greatest hoax of this century. tice of withholding information from the Officials occupying even the highest posi­ the President's new Executive Order Congress and the people. tions in our government have been condi­ 11652, which he issued on March 8. His The greatest difficulty stems from mis­ tioned to promote the belief that the words statement acknowledged the security representing the interests of national se­ "Top Secret," "Secret" and "Confidential" classification chaos uncovered last year curity as an excuse for secrecy. This as­ on a pa.per automatically give it a. substan­ in our hearings and proclaimed the new sumption of censorship power in the name of tive -value of extra.ordinary importance, and order as the solution. Mr. Speaker, as I national security has grown to the point beyond the ken of most people. repeatedly have told my House colleagues where the Executive branch believes that it Two examples are given to show how can deny any private citizen the right to deadly serious the misconceptions a.bout clas­ the new order is full of technical defects discuss with other citizens the informa­ sification markings have become: and loopholes. A section-by-section com­ tion he knows or possesses, if some official (1) Shortly after the New York Times parative analysis of the old and newly happens to object to the disclosure. started publishing portions of the Vietnam proposed security classification executive The attempt in June 1971 to stop news­ Study last June, a statement attributed to orders was placed in the CONGRESSIONAL paper publication of the Vietnam Study was the President by his press secretary refleoted RECORD on March 21, page 9377. In my clearly an act of arrogance. The subsequent clearly the belief that prosecution was indi­ judgment, it is not the answer to the allegation of criminal action on the part of cated on the basis of a. classification marking private citizens in disseminating the infor­ having been assigned to the study. Oriminal problem. mation required a strained administrative action stemming from the classification the­ Yesterday, the subcommittee was priv­ interpretation of the espionage laws that ory is still in process today. ileged to receive new testimony from Mr. is without precedent in our history. The free­ (2) One of the most noted among the Florence on the sad state of the security dom of men who published historical infor­ members of the United States Senate [Sena­ classification system and the inade­ mation of great interest to the Congress and tor Goldwater] wrote in an article also pub­ quacies of the new Executive Order. His the United States ls at stake this very mo­ lished by the New York Times last summer conclusion is that the classification prac­ ment solely because they did not get some that, "Government papers marked 'Secret' tice represents the greatest hoax of the Executive branch functionary to cancel an and 'Confidential' should remain secret and outdated and unjustifiable security classifi­ confidential until such time as the Govern­ century, and the new order itself does cation marking. ment sees fit to declassify them. The laws not require improvement. This expert I frequently ask myself, "What on earth governing classification of Government pa­ also urged that Congress consider a has happened to my fellow citizens that they pers were enacted to protect the majority of 1'tatutory approach to the security clas­ put up with Executive branch officials who our people." [Note: There is no such law.] sification system. He outlined certain acted and still act so vindictively against That same misunderstanding in the Senate criteria that he thought such a law should Dr. Daniel Ellsberg for performing a service of the meaning, or lack of meaning, of classi­ contain. Of course, the Atomic Energy to all of us which at least equalled in im­ fication marks was reflected a.gain just a. few Commission has for many years success­ portance most of the successes our heroic days ago, April 25, 1972, when a member field generals ever achieved in battle." I [Sena.tor Gravel] was prevented by another fully operated its internal security classi­ also shudder at the thought of Executive member [Sena.tor Griffin] from entering in· fication system under a section of the branch officials going into Federal District formation in the Congressional Record solely Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended. Court for an injunction against Mr. Victor on the basis of an assigned classification Mr. Speaker, I commend the testi­ Marchetti publishing information involving marking. At this moment, the Senate has yet mony of Mr. Florence to all Members Central Intelligence Agency matters of real to agree that it must use knowledge as it and include it in the RECORD at this interest to the people, but at the same time sees :fit, regardless of some self-serving cen­ point: insisting to the Court that since the rea­ sorship action represented by a bureaucratic sons were marked "Secret" they could not secret marking. STATEMENT OF WILLIAM G. FLORENCE, SE­ be disclosed to the defendant's counsel and To me, it is appalling that people do not CURITY CONSULTANT, ON ISSUES IN CLASSI­ witnesses. The Executive branch had to be realize just how much counterfeit classifica­ FYING AND PROTECTING NATIONAL DEFENSE ordered by the Court of Appeals to disclose tion and fake secrecy the Executive branch INFORMATION the reasons so that the defendant's rights imposes on the country. Last June, it was my Mr. Chairman, I consider it a privilege to could be protected. privilege to help call the nation's S1ttention respond to the invitation of this commit­ The several court cases of 1971 and 1972 to the intolerable abuses in the secrecy sys­ tee to testify regarding the effect that the show that the more secretive the Executive tem. I testified that at least 99 Y2 % of the President's Executive Order of March 8, branch becomes, the more repressive it be­ total documents in the country bearing se­ 1972, will have on the economic and efficient comes. It has adopted the practice of hon­ curity classificaitions did not qualify for clas­ operation of the Executive branch security oring its own internal secrets more than the sification and protection in the defense in­ classification system. My comments will right of a free press or the right of a. citi­ terests of the Nation. Later, in an article in also explore actions which Congress could zen to free speech. The gravity of the ac­ the Washington Post, I expressed the conclu­ take to provide for safeguarding official in­ tions brings to mind the following words of sion that even at the Department of Defense formation vital to the national defense with­ James Madison: "I believe there are more headquarters level in the Pentagon, a.bout out abridging the freedom of speech or of instances of the abridgment of freedom of 95 % of the classified documents did not war­ the press. the people by gradual and silent encroach­ rant any classification. These comments are made as a continua­ ments of those in power than by violent or Since last summer it has been my personal tion of my testimony before this subcom­ sudden usurpations." observation that the rate of classification mittee June 24, 1971. I had retired from Mr. Chairman, there is abundant proof in the Department of Defense has :ncreased, employment with the Federal government that the administrative security classifica- . not decreased. Also, my observation of De­ after 43 yea.rs of mllitary and civ111an serv­ tion system currently in Executive Order partment of Defense operations and contract ice. The last 26 years of my service had in­ 10501 is the source of most of the secrecy work in the pa.st 10 months has convinced volved responsib111ty in the Department of evils in the Executive branch. Loose imple­ me that at lea.st 99.9% of the existing classi­ Defense for de"'eloping and implementing mentation at the outset, and incredibly inept fied documents do not warrant any classi­ policy for classifying and safeguarding in­ administration of the policy in recent years, fication. In other words, only a.bout one­ formation relating to the national defense. have invited and promoted widespread use tenth of one percent of them, or one in a Since June 1971, I have served as Secu­ of the three security classifications, "Top thousand, contain information the unau­ rity Consultant to Government contractors Secret," "Secret," and "Confidential." There thorized disclosure of which actually could and others concerned with matters involv­ is also a constant flow of propaganda re­ be prejudicial to the defense interests of the ing consideration of defense interests. flected in slogans such as the Department Nation. I have seen holdings of many hun­ Mr. Chairman, secrecy in the Executive of Defense distributes in an effort to con­ dreds of documents with classification mark­ Branch of the Federal government ha.s de­ vince every person that security is his re­ ing and not a single one of them with any veloped into one of the most serious prob­ sponsibility. They include the threat of pun­ security value in terms of national defense. lems of our time. There has been an in­ ishment as well as a plea. to follow the se­ A person might search through thousands creasing tendency of Federal bureaus to op­ curity line. of so-called classified documents in contrac­ erate in secrecy. This has created a state of Attitudes of literally millions of people tor facilities as well as military units with­ antagonism between the Executive branch everywhere have been influenced toward se­ out ever finding information the unauthor­ and the people ot this country, including crecy and the sanctity of the three classi­ ized disclosure of which could be harmful the Congress. fication markings. The people have been to our defense interests. May 4, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 16009 Many of my associates who are engaged tion which requires wide usage is absurd and fatally defective. The President himself ac­ in work involving the safeguarding of de­ extremely wasteful. The practice has proved knowledged in statements made March 8, fense information recognize t;he same degree frequently to be seriously damaging rather 1972, that "the system of classification which of unnecessary classification that I have re­ than helpful to the national defense. has evolved in the United States has failed ported. One of the most critical comments However, counterfeit classificaitions are to meet the standards of an open and demo­ I heard last year about my testimony on still being applied to information by hun­ cratic society." He condemned the controls secrecy practices was made by the chief of dreds of thousands of people today as in on classification authority as having "proved a Department of Defense office having re­ the past. The markings are apt to be put unworkable," and stated that "the many sponsibility for conducting securi,ty surveys on any conceivable type of correspondence, abuses of the security system can no longer at contractor facilities. He told me that I data, plan, report, or other administrative be tolerated." should have reflected the fact that more maiterial, without regard to whether the This brings us to the President's answer t o than 99% % of all documents with a se­ information has already been exposed or the existing intolerable classification sys­ curity marking were unnecessarily classified. could not possibly be protected. Fantastic tem. Mr. Chairman, somehow the President A few days ago, one of the top security clas­ ideas and practices have evolved from this manages to get the worst possible advice sification officials in the Federal government craze for classification, including the con­ about information-security mat ters. He ac­ stated as his own conviction that no more tinuing classification of privately-owned cepted recommendations of the Executive than one-tenth of one per cent of the in­ information. branch people who have been and continue formation normally considered for classifi­ This subcommittee has an abundance of to be responsible for t he current fiasco, and cation could possibly cause damage to the examples of unnecessary classification as­ promulgated in Executive Order 11652 sub­ national defense if it was released to the signments showing that classification mark­ stantially the same system that is now in public. ings on a document usually a.re clearly un­ Executive Order 10501. There is a massive wastage of money and warranted. I will describe only one at this Here is an analysis of Executive Order 11652 manpower involved in protecting this moun­ time to emphasize how utterly ludicrous the which I originally prepared for publication tainous volume of material with un­ classification system is in practice. [Federal Times]. It shows that the Order warranted classification markings. Last year, Compilations of unclassified information itself does nothing to stop the prolifera,tion I estimated that about $50 million was being are still being classified frequently by in­ of classification authority or eliminate un­ spent on protective measures for classified dividuals who seem to believe that multiplic­ necessary classification of information. The documents which were unnecessarily classi­ ity or complexity itself should be protected. organization of content reflects a compro­ fied. After further observation and inquiry, The Department of Defense affidavit given mise of views, with the defensive a,ttitude and including expenditures for the useless the court last summer 1n the Washington toward secrecy the clear winner. The gaps clearances granted people for access to classi­ Post case involving the Vietnam Study in­ in regulatory coverage, including restrictions fied material, it is my calculation that the cluded the following: "it is sometimes nec­ of authority to classify, requirements for annual wastage for safeguarding documents essary to classify a document in which no declassifica,tion, exemptions from automatic and equipment with counterfeit classifica­ single piece or part is itself classified." This declassification, and vitally important pro­ tion markings is over $100 million. falsification of policy in Executive Order cedural controls, show a lack of understand­ Consider just the waste of funds spent on 10501 has led to unnecessary classification of ing of informat ion-security principles suffi­ so-called classified holdings of contractors. millions of documents in the Department of cient to achieve the purpose indicated for There a.re a.bout 13,000 contractor facilities Defense. the order. It is manifestly less than ade­ cleared to recommend use classified informa­ An example of compilation classification quate. Mr. Chairman, I ask that the analysis tion. Some do not retain any classified mate­ I gave last June was the RAND Corporation be entered in the record at this point. rial. But a great many store thousands of Memorandum RM-5684-PR, subject: Listing Of major interest to this committee is the documents and other items with classifica­ of Avionics for USAF Aircraft, February effect that Executive Order 11652 could have tion markings. Almost none of it actually re­ 1970. The Department of Defense assigned in relation to Exemption (b) (1) of the Free­ quires protection in the defense interests of the Confidential classification to that docu­ dom of Information Act. That exemption now the nation. ment and carries it as being confidential to­ permits a government agency to withhold Some of the facilities have such a limited day, notwithstanding the fact that the docu­ from a requesting citizen matters that are quantity of classified material that it can ment contains nothing but listings of equip­ "specifically required by Executive order to be protected by employees as an integral part ment published separately for each aircraft be kept secret in the i nterest of the national of their regular duties. Other facilities em­ in pamphlets specifically marked "Unclassi­ defense or foreign policy" (italics supplied). ploy dozens of people to handle and guard fied" so as to facilitate widespread distri­ The first problem is the fact that effective classified material. If there was no classifica­ bution. June 1, 1972, the new Executive order will tion, those employees would not be needed. Another example of the classification of refer to "national security information" and If we assume that only half of the 13,000 unclassified information is a document pre­ "for~ign relations" instead of "national de­ facilities use, as an average, just one em­ pared by the Massachusetts Institute of fense information" and "foreign policy." That ployee on duties related solely to protecting Technology for the Air Force Space and is a legal matter that I assume will be re­ information because of an assigned classifi­ Missile Systems Office, with the title, "Assem­ solved. cation marking, and thc.t wages and other bly Manual-Gyro Float." It was issued in As for the practical effect of the secrecy annual security costs amount to only February 1971 with the classification of system in Executive Order 11652, this sub­ $10,000.00, the bill to the taxypayers for confidential, which was the responsibility of committee and everyone else in the country Just those facilities alone would be $65 mil­ the Air Force. This document, with its con­ can anticipate the same rate of refusals by lion. The total bill for safeguarding classified fidential classification marking, contains the government agencies to release documents information within and outside the govern­ following statement: "Each section of this that applies today. The agencies which lose ment would certainly be tremendous. My volume is in itself unclassified. To protect classification authority are likely, of course, estimate of an annual wastage of $100 mil­ the compilation of information contained in to loosen up in their practices. But those lion, including protection of documents and the complete volume, the complete volume hundreds of thousands of people who can equipment unnecessarily classified and the is confiden tial." Also in the Foreword of the continue to classify information will con­ granting of worthless security clearances, is document is the following statement, which tinue to do so. And they will continue to conservative. is required by Executive Order 10501 on all exempt their information from automatic The question often arises as to how the classified documents held by contractors: declassification if at all possible. There is no classification system could possibly get to be "This document contains information affect­ reason to believe that the classifiers will be over 99 ¥2 % wrong. The plain truth is that ing the national defense of the United States more inclined under the new order to cancel our present-day national defense effort does within the meaning of the Espionage Laws. the classification on a document for the bene­ not lend itself to being crammed into a nar­ Title 18, U.S .C., Sections 793 and 794, the fit of a private citizen than they are now. row military control system represented by transmission or revelation of which in any The Executive branch witnesses who testi­ current Executive order classifications. The manner to an unauthorized person is pro­ fied before the Subcommittee on Intelligence strength of our national defense is not lim­ hibited by law." of the House Armed Services Committee ited to military effort. It is intermixed with This nonsensical practice of the Depart­ March 8-14, 1972 and before this committee a broad dedicaition of the Federal govern­ ment of Defense not only is outrageously May 2, 1972 'demonstrated beyond any doubt ment, in and outside the country, involving expensive in terms of wasted money but it is that needless classification and false secrecy legislative action, foreign relations, indus­ atrocious in its application to individuals will continue under Executive Order 11652. trial and economic development, interna­ who happen to become involved in an alle­ Their testimony specifically showed and re­ tional trade, and social endeavor as well as gation of mishandling the unclassified in­ flected the following: ( 1) Refusal to consider any coordination conventional military functions. Also, plan­ formation. I have seen people in responsible with the Congress in implementing the order. ning for our national defense has become positions blindly take punitive action against as much an international function as a employees in the government and in indus­ The Department of Defense consistently re­ try for handling such unclassified informa­ flected an effort to withhold facts about its national effort. tion as being unclassified. contribution to the order, and showed an at­ A commensurate interchange of informa­ Mr. Chairman, I have discussed at length titude of defiance in response to specific in­ tion within and outside the country among the existing classification operations so that quiries about the status of implementation. those who contribute to the strength of a. comparative analysis of the new Executive (2) The Department of Defense represent­ our national defense is essential to its suc­ Order 11652 will be truly informative. ative on March 9, 1972, showed a significant cess. The imposition of security classification The administrative permissiveness of Exec­ lack of understanding of the need to elimi­ markings on documents containing informa- utive Order 10501 for secrecy proved to be nate unwarranted secrecy classifications. He 16010 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 4, 1972 stated that consideration of "competing ad­ fled departments and agencies to designate what is going on to make intelligent decisions vantages and disadvantages" is the Depart­ certain official information as requiring pro­ for themselves. ment of Defense approach to a classification tection against disclosure, so ll,S to preclude I again express my deepest thanks for the decision. The idea of applying the "damage actual damage to the national defense. The invitation to come before the committee and to national defense" crit erion was not in­ law would not force the designation of any present these facts and suggestions. cluded. He also reported as commendable information as requiring protection. But if an ANALYSIS OF EXECUTIVE ORDER 11652: CLAS- the fact that over 13,500 security classifica­ item of information is considered for desig­ SIFICATION AND DECLASSIFICATION OF NA• tion guides have been reviewed to see about nation, the procedures and restrictions TIONAL SECURITY INFORMATION AND MATE· doing some declassifying, which, of course, would apply and be controlling within the RIAL should be done on a continuing basis. The Executive branch. TYPE OF SYSTEM (2) Prescribe use of the single term "Secret disturbing fact is that the Department has The system for classifying information as more than 13,500 separate guides requiring Defense Data" for such information as may be designated for protection. No other clas­ top secret, secret, and confidential is out­ the classification of informati on in addition dated. It is substantially the same as the to all other classification instructions. Fur­ sification would be permitted, but routing designators could be used to assist in re­ Army and Navy used before World War II to thermore, he stated that in the politico-mili­ classify a very small volume of mllitary in­ tary area of information, which evidently stricting the distribution of specific items of information. formation as secret or confidential. The sys­ qualifies for Wide classification coverage is tem cannot work in a gigantic bureaucracy his opinion, automatic declassification is not (3) Define as narrowly and clearly as prac­ ticable the criterion "would damage the na­ of millions o! employees with millions o! suitable after any time period. classification stamps. (3) The Department of Defense represent­ tional defense." Efforts in the past to define ative on May 2, 1972, strongly supported the types of information requiring protection SCOPE classification of various types of information have always proved a failure. As reflected in A major improvement in Executive Order currently carrying unjustifiable classifica­ our espionage laws, it is injury and damage 10501 was substitution of the narrow terms tions, including the general term, "weapon to the national defense and to the United "national defense" and "defense informa­ States that we are concerned about. tion" !or the broader terms "national secu­ system characteristics." (4) Impose strict limitations on authority ( 4) Virtually every suggestion made to rity" and "security information" that were to designate information as Secret Defense used in Executive Order 10290. Reinstate­ Executive branch Witnesses, especially those Data. Only the head of an agency or an of­ from the Department of Defense, for specific ment of the vague term "national security" fl.cial designated by him could make the in Executive Order 11652 invites Wider classi­ controls to preclude needless classification designation. His name and title would appear and assure timely declassification were re­ fication coverage. (Also, the order is at vari­ on documents containing the information. ance with laws using the term "national de­ jected on the basts that there will be too [He would have a "warrant" similar to a. much material requiring classification. fense.") contracting officer.] PREAMBLE ( 5) Slightly accelerated automatic de­ (5) Set practical limits for retaining in­ classification was hailed as the answer to the The claim that information classified formation in the Secret Defense Data cate­ under the order is exempted from public dis­ secrecy problem. However, even greater em­ gory, which would reflect the need to elimi­ phasis was given the view that security inter­ closure by the Freedom of Information Act is nate the current fiction about how this false. Exemptions are permissive, not manda­ ests of the Executive branch would justify Nation would be harmed if its citizens should keeping a large volume of material classified tory. Also, the order misrepresents any learn what the Executive branch is doing and "wrongful disclosure" of classified informa­ for 30 years, and some of it much longer. has been doing in the name of national The Department of State testified to holding defense. tion as being a crime and subject to prosecu­ documents in secrecy for 75 years. Par­ tive action under the Federal Criminal Code. ( 6) Establish a specific standard for the The truth is that there is no basis in law for enthetically, I submit that the practice of dissemination within and by the Executive turning an official record into a mummy an Executive order to threaten the press, branoh of Secret Defense Data. This would members of Congress or anyone else for and keeping it from the people is as dam­ reflect the responsibllity of the Executive aging to us as the practice of book-burning branch itself to protect the information it wrongful disclosure of information. which we all deplored so much a few years considers important. That branch should NUMBER OF CLASSIFICATIONS ago. not operate on the basis that it can make Multiple classifications _invite confusion, Mr. Chairman, it is clearly within the re­ wide dissemination o! classified information promote uncontrollable overclassiflcation, sponsibility of Congress to correct the abuses on the expectation that recipients would be­ and reduce the effectiveness of the security of administrative power now being exercised come subjeot to prosecution if they don't system. But the new order keeps three classi­ under the existing security classification sys­ agree with the Executive branch ideas about fications. According to the Department of tem in Executive Order 10501, and which can security controls. A vitally important pro­ Defense C~neral Counsel, adoption of a single be expected to continue under Executive vision would make it unlawful for any per­ classification was rejected because (1) NATO Order 11652. It is an honor to have this son to withhold or authorize the withhold­ has a multi-category system, and (2) a t.op opportunity to recommend certain legislative ing of information from the Legislative secret clearance would be expected for every­ and procedural actions. branch on the basis of its qualification for body, which would be too expensive. He did First, each committee of the Congress designation as Secret Defense Data. not reflect the fact that (1) we eliminated should Withdraw immediately from any exist­ (7) Direct that an official with appropriate the restricted classification in 1953 after ing agreement or understanding with an staff be designated by the President t.o assist NATO had adopted it, and (2) clearances for Executive branch agency for safeguarding in­ him monitor implementation of the law. A access to classification categories are vir­ formation assigned a security classification, report of the various actions taken would be tually worthless. Anyway, an individual's and give assurance that protection Will be submitted to Congress semiannually. duties determine whether to permit him ac­ afforded only upon request by the head of Another legislative action of less complex­ cess to a given item of classified information. the agency having jurisdictio.n, unless the ity within the purview of this committee CLASSIFICATION CATEGORIES committee agrees that secrecy is required. would be t.o amend the Freedom of Informa­ With deepest respect for Congress and each tion Act by adding a subsection that would The top secret category in the new order Member, I submit that the prevailing practice cancel or otherwise make inapp!icable any is at least as broad as it is now. The secret of treating Executive branch classifications restriction imposed in the name of national category could include more information as being valid serves the secrecy interests of defense against public access t.o official rec­ than at present. Programs need not be of the bureaucratic classifiers, not the defense ords originated three yea.rs or more prior to vital importance any longer. The new con­ interests of this nation or the needs of the enactment of the legislation. Exclusions fidential criterion "expeoted to oa.use dam­ people. I cannot imagine a Member of Con­ could be made for Atomic Energy Restricted age to the national security" includes as gress being less qualified than the hordes of Data and any other type of information much information as the existing "prejudi­ security-oriented Executive branch employees Congress might wish t.o specify. Experience cial to defense interests of the nation." to assess the importance of information re­ indicates that three years is the limit o! AUTHORITY TO CLASSIFY quired by the Congress to perform its con­ protection time for most information. Under Executive Order 10501, classifica­ stitutional functions. A third legislative action that this com­ tion authority may . be exercised only by a The most suitable legislative action would mittee might initiate immediately, and quite department head and such other persons as be the enactment of a law to accomplish the possibly see enacted, would be to amend Ex­ he or his representative designates. The dele­ purpose of Executive Orders 10501 and 11652, emption (b) (1) of the Freedom of Informa­ gation "shall be limited as severely as is con­ and at the same time serve the interests of tion Act so that it could apply only if the sistent with the orderly and expeditious Congress and the people regarding access to head of an agency or a.n official designated transaction of Government business." The information. Any reasonable legislation that by him certifies that the material must be 11,ew order only requires that ( 1) the head of would provide a framework of law instead kept secret to preclude damage to the na­ a top secret classification department desig­ of an administrative regulation in which to tional defense. This action would be con­ nate other persons who may classify as top protect such national defense information sistent With other proposals to limit classifi­ secret, and (2) that the head of a secret as can and ought to be protected would be cation authority to the head of an agency classification department designate other a. very worthwhile improvement. It is my be­ or to an official designated by him. persons who may classify as secret. In the lief that a bill should be enacted to do the Mr. Chairman, I venture to suggest that top secret classification departments, who­ folloWing: action be taken as soon as possible to elim­ ever is delegated top secret classification au­ (1) Establish precisely the authority for inate unjustifiable secrecy from our govern­ thority may in turn designate any or all o! the President and the heads of a few speci- ment. The people must have knowledg~ about his subordinates to classify a.s secret. In both May 4, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 16011 the top secret and secret classification de­ ing, accountability, transmission, disposi­ these senators propose t o do is take all t he partments, whoever is delegated secret classi­ tion and destruction of classified information cards out of the President's hand as he seeks fication authority may in turn designate as and material. The procedures wlll control agreement on a stable Indochina. many "officials" as he wishes to classify as the effectiveness of the new order. Unques­ The fund cutoff is in the form of an amend­ confidential. The new order will eliminate tionably, the reason that they were not pub­ ment to a bill authorizing funds for the State existing controls and proliferate classifica­ lished with the other instructions was that Department. tion authority far beyond that envisioned by the people who drafted and staffed the order We agree with Sen. Robert P. Griffin, R­ Executive Order 10501. could not agree on what was needed. When Mich., who said a fund cutoff would simply DECLASSIFICATION the procedures are issued they wlll reflect "weaken the President's hand and encour­ the different purposes and operations of the age the enemy just when the President is Executive Order 10501 states that when participating departments. The basic prin­ moving toward serious negotiations with classified information or material no longer ciple of that security is the responsibUity of Moscow and Hanoi." requires protection, it shall be declassified. comin.and will surely be sacrlficed for com­ The amendment even produced a schism Heads of departments were directed to es­ mittee compromise. tablish effective declassification programs on among those who have for many years called a continuing basis. Executive Order 11652 INTERAGENCY CLASSIFICATION REVIEW for a speedy end to the Vietnam conflict. only states who shall exercise declassification COMMITTEE War critic George Aiken, R-Vt., dissented authority. It does not require or even sug­ A comittee of representatives of the De­ in the committee vote, declaring : "I vote gest any de'classlfication of current informa­ partments of State, Defense and Justice, the against accepting the North Vietnamese tion. The people could be getting less infor­ Atomic Energy Commission, the Central In­ terms. All the North Vietnamese have to do is mation in the future to use in making their teliigence Agency and the National Security back up behind the DMZ." decisions. Council, plus a chairman, will be established. Sen. John Sherman Cooper, R-Ky., who has sponsored antiwar amendments in the past, SCHEDULE FOR AUTOMATIC DECLASSIFICATION Ita functions will be ( 1) to oversee depart­ ment actions to ensure compliance with the said he abstained from voting because "we Administration spokesmen have repre­ new order, and (2) to review complaints and are in a battle right now." sented the new 10--8-6-year automatic de­ suggestions made by anyone and assure that The Senate panel is wrong to attempt to classification schedule in the new Executive affected departments take appropriate ac­ tie the President's hands as he seeks an end order for top secret-secret-confidential in­ tion. But, in truth, no committee of em­ to this conflict. We urge the full Senate to formation as the answer to the public's ployees can require that department head remove this language from the bill. Tight of access to historical material. But the a various authorizations for exemptions from do anything that he does not choose to do. automatic declassification will permit at ASSESSMENT least as much information to be kept classi­ If the people want unnecessary secrecy fied as at present. For example, the following eliminated regarding Executive branch op­ J. EDGAR HOOVER exemption in the new order ls as broad as erations, they must look somewhere other its counterpart in the existing order: "Classi­ than Executive Order 11652 for the answer. fied information or material disclosing a The President changed the number and some system, installation, project or foreign rela­ of the language in the existing order. But HON. JOE D. WAGGONNER, JR. tions matter the continuing protection of he re-established the same system for ad­ OF LOUISIANA which is essential to the national security." t1ninisitx81tive classifi.cation and censorship IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES DISSEMINATION CRITERIA that he condemned as having falled to meet The existing order limits dissemination of the standard of our open and democratic Wednesday, May 3, 1972 society. classified information to persons for the per­ Mr. WAGGONNER. Mr. Speaker, I formance of official duties in the interest of promoting the national defense. The new would like to join with all Americans and order expands the dissemination criteria to freedom lovers throughout the world in persons whose access "is necessary for the CONGRESS MUST NOT TIE THE expressing my feeling of deep personal performance of his duties." The limitation PRESIDENT'S HANDS loss at the sudden passing of J. Edgar to official purposes has been eliminated. This Hoover, whom I consider one of the reflects the wider scope of the new order as greatest and most unforgettable Ameri­ compared with Executive Order 10501. HON. BILL ARCHER cans of our time. For almost half a cen­ SPECIAL ACCESS PROGRAMS OF TEXAS tury, people in this country felt more The new order broadens the authority IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES secure, knowing this gr.eat man had the of departments to establish "special access" FBI at work, guarding our internal secu­ programs, with special stamps to keep the Thursday, May 4, 1972 rity against foes from within and with­ people from knowing about them. The addi­ out. tion.al restrictions exist only because the Mr. ARCHER. Mr. Speaker, the Presi­ effectiveness of classification markings has dent's decision to continue the military Directing one of the world's largest in­ been ruined by wide abuse. Evidently, im· pressure on North Vietnam so long as vestigative law enforcement agencies is provement is not foreseen. the invasion of the South continues, com­ a demanding job, but J. Edgar Hoover bined with his insistence on serious rose to the challenge for 48 years with FORMER OFFICIALS a sustaining power and presence that I The new order will permit former Presi­ negotiations in Paris, offers the best hope dential appointees to have access to any for an end to the war. I sincerely hope daresay was never bent by political arm­ classified material which they signed or ap­ that the American people--and the Con­ twisting by anyone in the whole Federal proved, or which crune into their respective gress-will stand behind the President Government, or the whole Nation for offices. This unjustifiable special privllege during the very trying weeks ahead. I am that matter. But just as this legendary policy could only have been adopted in an­ hopeful, therefore, that the Senate will American with the stony composure re­ ticipation of continued massive unnecessary strike title vn from the bill, s. 3526, now ceived countless recognitions for his pas­ classification and massive unnecessary ex­ under consideration. There can be no sionate and unrelenting efforts to main­ emption from declasslfication. justification for limiting the President's tain law and order, he just as often came PoSSmLE SANCTIONS bargaining position at this critical time. under unwarrant.ed attack. But that, of The new order, for the first time, requires I would like to commend to the att.en­ course, would be the plight of any man that a person who abuses the classification whose relentless strive for perfection ele­ process be told that he has violated a Presi­ tion of my colleagues the following edi­ dential instruction. "Repeated abuse" Will torial from the Houston Chronicle of vated him above harrassment, and be grounds for a possible admindstrative rep­ April 19, which further explains the dan- brought the highest level of police work rimand. This has been hailed as a step for­ gers involved: · this Nation has ever known. ward in controlling overclassification. But FuND CUTOFF PROPOSAL DANGEROUS So tireless and effective was his op­ the requirement will have no effect on the The move by the Se-nate Foreign Relations position to the forces of organized law­ blanket application of classifications as­ Committee to cut oif funds for all U.S. com­ lessness, in fact, that it won him the con­ signed by departmental regulations or classi­ bat operations in Indochina after Dec. 31 is fidence of eight Presidents, five of whom fication guides for specified programs. And dangerous. ultimately rested on the same draped bier there really is no basis in lanugage such as The committee would destroy the ability "repeated abuse" to assume that individuals ·where we honor him today. His devotion of the President to negotiate any peace set­ to his work left little time for a life of his will get reprim.anded. However, anyone un­ tlement with the Viet Cong and the North fortunate enough to be aocused of mishan­ own. For the FBI was his life, the well­ dling documents with a counterfeit cla.ssi­ Vietnamese. It ls difficult to believe the sen­ spring of his being, and he took a rela­ fl.ca.tion will probably get punished severely. ators who favored this move gave full con­ sideration to the consequences of the move tively small body, just 16 years old, and SEPARATE INSTRUCTION!:! they are supporting. turned it into a nationwide corps of high­ Additional instructions will be issued by Any final solution to the Indochina dispute ly trained officers that became the envy the President on access, marking, safekeep- must be reached at a bargaining table. What of several continents. • l 16012 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 4, 1972 Since J. Edgar Hoover was a legendary German, by comparison spends fully Y:i of cities and communities served by the Calle­ man, we really cannot say he has died, his income on food while a Russian spends gua.s and Las Virgenes municipal water for legends live on in extensions and re­ a. staggering 55 % . districts. flections of their monumental meaning. Thus unburdened, Americans find them­ The sprawling Calleguas district has a selves with disposable income to support a population of more than 250,000 and includes Therefore, I hope and pray that who.ever wide range of consumer goods and services. Oxnard, CamarUlo, Conejo Valley, Simi Val­ is permanently selected to continue his We can-and do-pour money into edu­ ley, Moorpark and other parts of Ventura. great work will have the vision and vigor cation, automobiles, household appliances, County. to lead his men down the winding road housing. It isn't stretching a point too much Las Virgenes serves an area with a popula­ of accomplishment which they walked to say that our farm abundance gives a big tion of about 20,000 in the western San Fer­ under his tutelage. boost to our national affluence. nando Valley and the Santa. Monica. Moun­ My heartfelt sympathy goes to John It's something to think about next time tains west of Topanga Canyon. you load up your basket at the supermarket. The two districts had shut off their sup­ Edgar Hoover's loved ones in this time of Item: In 1945, one American farmer fed plies of Colorado River water, also provided great grtef, when most of the Nation is 15 people, today he feeds 45. by Metropolitan, before they started receiving in a state oI mourning. A great man is Item: An hour of farm labor produces the new water from the Feather River and gone, but his accomplishments live on in seven times as much as it did in 1920. other Northern California. streams. a blaze of immortality. Item: In the 1960's alone, productivity of The new supply, transported south through the average farm worker increased by 6 % a. more than 500 miles of state Water Project year vs. only 3 % for nonagricultural workers. aqueducts, dams and other facilities, had been backing up behind Ca.stale Dam since AS AN INVESTOR, HE MAKES YOU mid-January. WONDER-AS A PRODUCER, HE PROCESSED AT NEW PLANT MAKES YOU MARVEL CALIFORNIA WATER PROJECT In making its first distribution of northern NEARS GOAL water, Metropolitan processed the supply from Ca.stale at its new $50 million Joseph HON. JOHN M. ZWACH Jensen Filtration Plant in the Granada. Hills OF MINNESOTA HON. RICHARD T. HANNA area. OF CALIFORNIA From there It was fed into the district's IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Sepulveda. Feeder which connects with a. line Thursday, May 4, 1972 across the Sa.n Fernando Valley through Thursday, May 4, 1972 which Calleguas and Las Virgenes have been Mr. ZWACH. Mr. Speaker, the New reeciving Colorado River water. Holland Farm Equipment Co. has been Mr. HANNA. Mr. Speaker, over a dec­ Officials said residents using the new water running a series of advertisements in our ade ago, the people of California com­ from Northern California for the first time Nation's newspapers pointing out the mitted themselves to a $2.8 billion plan were not likely to notice any difference in problems faced by our producers as they to transport water from northern Cali­ taste from the Colorado River water they supply in abundance and at bargain fornia to southern California. The State have been receiving. was at that time confronted with the The northern water, however, is much prices, the food for America and much ironic problem of a severe water short­ softer and they might notice it in washing. of the rest of the world. age in the south and frequent floods in Colorado River water has 360 parts per mil­ For those of us from rural America, lion of hardness compared to 100 for northern there is nothing new in these advertise­ the north. The future progress of the water, Metropolitan said. ments. I have enumerated them many State hinged on a balanced distribution The new water supply could be a. stimulus times in my correspondence and in state­ of the State's water resources. for a. resumption of growth some sections of I am happy to report that that balance the Calleguas district experienced during ments in the RECORD. But I want to com­ is soon to be a reality. ·Industry, homes most of the 1960s. mend New Holland for spending their in Ventura, and Los Angeles Counties are The Simi Valley, for example, was one of money to get this message to the Ameri­ the fastest growing areas in California.. can people. now using northern California water, Some officials have predicted the Ca.lleguas To reinforce my previous comments thus lessening the demand for water area could hit a. population of 1 million in and to give wider scope to these state­ from the Colorado River. By 1976, 124 less than 30 years if enough water is available. ments of New Holland, I insert this southern California communities will be The arrival of the new water supply in using water from northern California. Ventura and western Los Angeles Counties advertisement into the CONGRESSIONAL will make it possible for Metropolitan to RECORD: The following article from the Los Angeles Times describes the project more make more of its existing Colorado River The average Class I farm in this country­ supplies available for other cities in the six one with farm-product sales of $40,000 per fully, and it is with great pleasure that counties it serves. year-represents a capital investment in I bring it to the attention of my col­ It also resolves a drought problem which land, buildings and equipment of $300,000. leagues in the House: had prevented Metropolitan from filling All of which probably sounds very im­ NORTHERN WATER FLOWS THROUGH SOUTH­ Lake Mathews, terminal reservoir for Colo­ pressive until you realize that the farmer LAND TAPS-INITIAL DISTRmUTION GOES TO rado River water, for the first time in the owning all this nets an average of only POPULATION OF 300,000 IN VENTURA AND district's history. $14,000 from this sizeable investment. LOS ANGELES COUNTIES Lake Mathews is about 30,000 acre-feet Now consider this: By investing the same (By Ray Hebert) short. Metropolitan is expected to receive $300,000 in government bonds, he could real­ about 50,000 acre-feet of northern water ize a greater income every year without so Water from Northern California began this year. much as setting foot outside his front door. flowing into Southland homes for the first AREAS SERVED Then why does a man continue to farm? time Monday. Much of this water, following the lead of Mostly because farming, for all its change 10 More than years after work started on Calleguas and Las Virgenes, will be distrib­ and modernization, ls still a way of life. A the $2.8 billion California Water Project, uted to the South Bay area and to such cities way of life some men enjoy and want to stick northern water reached nearly 800,000 persons as San Fernando, Burbank, Glendale, Santa with. And because of this, they measure part in eastern Ventura and western Los Angeles Monica, Beverly Hills, Culver City and Ingle­ of the return from farming in something counties. wood. other than money. Water officials said the first distribution of By 1976, Metropolitan officials pointed out, We're fortunate they do, because our the new water supply came "barely in time" all 124 cities and communities it serves will farmers have wrought minor miracles in the to stave off some shortages in a year of ex­ be receiving some northern water. production of food and fiber. treme drought. "We would be running out of water in a. AVERAGE HOURLY RATES The supply, they pointed out, eased a sit­ very few years (without the state proj­ Farmer, $1.57. uation which threatened to create problems ect) ..." Frank M. Clinton, Metropolitan's Food Marketing Employee, $2.83. in providing water for agricultural use-and general manager, said. possibly for cities--in Orange, Riverside and Metropolitan is the largest contractor for Factory Worker, $3.19. San Diego ex>unties. Item: Corn yield per acre has zoomed state water. It will be receiving about 75,000 Southern California's huge Metropolitan acre-feet more each yea.r until it reaches its 180 % since 1940 and wheat yield has doubled Water District made the first deliveries of in that time. annual contracted amount--2,011,500 acre­ northern water from Castaic Reservoir, 35 feet. How do all of us benefit from this bounty? miles northwest of downtown Los Angeles. Each year we are able to spend a smaller However, about one-third of the new percentage of our income on food. In 1950, IN USE WITHIN HOURS Northern California supply will be used to Americans earmarked 23.7 % of income on And within hours it was being piped into replace an estimated 60,000 a.ere-feet Metro­ .food; in 1970, it dropped to 18.5%. A West homes, factories, businesses and ranches in politan will lose to Arizona when the multi-

• May 4, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 16013

million-dollar Central Arizona Project is paper, Monday March 17, 1972 caption amendment no child could be assigned to completed. "Racial Harmony Aim of Park Group." any school because of race, color, creed, sex A 1963 U.S. Supreme Court decision award­ Describing conditions at Pinellas Park or national origin. The equal protection ed half of Metropolitan's existing Colorado Junior High School, where 1,000 students clause in its simplest form says that no River supply to Arizona for the Phoenix­ walked out March 14th, quote "in a formal State can treat one person in a given situa­ Tucson urban areas. statement issued by both black and white tion differently than it treats another per­ students following the walkout and a meet­ son in the same situation. ing with Principal Thomas Wooley, the stu­ Every subsequent Supreme Court decision dents said: "All this year Pinellas Park Jun­ including the most recent Charlotte, Meck­ ior High has been a school of constant and lenberg case h,as held to this conclusion, yet EFFECTS OF FORCED BUSING seemingly endless turmoil and friction." has clouded the decision with legal jargon The following morning, Tuesday, April 18, to the extent of allowing lower courts enough 1972, from the St. Petersburg Times news­ latitude to impose their own judgment on HON. C. W. BILL YOUNG paper, caption "Fence to Go Up at School." the people even to the extent of violating The story relates how the administration had the mandate of the Congress and the equal OF FLORIDA decided to erect a six (6) foot chain link protection clause of the 14th amendment. It IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES fence to keep pupils in and troublemakers is a fact that we are being forced to violate Thursday, May 4, 1972 out. the 14th amendment under the guise of en­ In a related story from the St. Petersburg forcing the 14th amendment. Mr. YOUNG of Florida. Mr. Speaker, Times dated Tuesday, April 18, 1972, caption As an example Pinellias County schools are the disastrous effects of forced busing "Dixie Hollins Gets Warning on Accredita­ operating under an exact black white ratio. upon a school system were graphically tions." This story relates how Dixie Hol­ One child in a neighborhood is allowed to outlined today in testimony before the lins, because of its turmoil and strife has walk to the neighborhood school, but his en­ lost the interest of the pupils. The report rollment fills the quota for his race. The House Judiciary Committee. Mr. Sam from the accrediting team from the South­ child next door is bussed across town in or­ Buice, chairman of Parents Against ern Association of Colleges and Schools, as der to maintain the racial quota for another Forced Busing, made an extremely effec­ reported in the St. Petersburg Times states, school. tive presentation on what has happened "the report found fault with the schools ac­ I submit to you gentlemen that both chil­ because of court-mandated busing in my tivities programs and observed that the dren are in the same situation but one is home community of Pinellas County, Fla. school spirit that once flourished here is now denied access to the neighborhood school Mr. Buice's testimony in support of a at a low ebb." solely because of race. If it was unconstitu­ The report concludes, again I quote from tional to assign pupils by race in 1954 it is constitutional amendment to preserve the St. Petersburg Times, "Despite the fact unconstitutional in 1972. neighborhood schools deserves our fullest that recent violent upheavals often brought Further you gentlemen know that trans­ attention. Here, in its entirety, is what about by circumstances beyond the control portation of pupils for racial balance is ex­ he had to say: of school officials--can understandably cause pressedl·y forbidden in the 1964 Civil Rights TESTIMONY OF SAM BUICE a staff to be "gun shy" in regard.s to allowing Act, yet, we are operating under Federal more student activity. The faculty and staff oourt orders in direct violation to this man­ Mr. Chairman, distinguished members of must generate new enthusiasm and vigor so date of the Congress. I submit that portion the Judiciary Committee: Thank you for the that young people will feel that they are a of the order rel,ating to black white ratios opportunity of appearing before you to bring part of Dixie Hollins and not just students and orders to bus to achieve this mtio for you the voice of Florida in general and attending Dixie Hollins." your inspection: Pinellas County in particular on this most These are not isolated cases, they are ones "EXHIBIT A important issue of forced busing of pupils to which made news in April 1972. achieve racial balance in the public schools. Economically our school system is on the "The student assignment plans submit­ Parents against forced busing is a 50,000 verge of bankruptcy. Florida statutes allow ted to this court by the defendant School member strong organization of parents and each school system 10 mills on which to op­ Board involve modification of existing zone citizens dedicated to the neighborhood erate without referendum. The Pinellas lines, elimination of all pairing and cluster­ school concept and equal educational oppor­ County School Board insists that to maintain ing, implementaition of the zone-within-a.­ tunity for all children, but adamantly quality education under the present court zone or satellite zone concept and increased opposed to forced busing of pupils to achieve ordered forced busing plan to achieve racial transportation of students. The plan submit­ racial balance. balance, they need an additional 4 mills, or ted to thi~ court for the senior high schools We in Pinellas County are experiencing eight million dollars per year. in Pinellas County desegregates every high the evils of forced busing and can testify This referendum was subxnitted to the school so that each high school in the entire from first hand experience that nothing good voters on September 14, 1971 who for the system will have both black and white stu­ has been accomplished by forced busing first time in the history of Pinellas County dents and no high school will have a student either socially, economically or education­ rejected it by a margin of 3 to 1. This was body with a majority of black students. The ally. not a vote against quality education, but a percentage of black students in each high There is ample evidence that race relations protest against forced busing to achieve ra­ school student body ranges between approxi­ rather than improving, are deteriorating cial balance. mately 3.1 per cent and 17.5 per cent. The rapidly. Riots in the schools are common­ Parents against forced busing led the fight senior high school plan involves only a very place. Students describe the schools as to defeat this millage election. However, we minor zoning change from that plan which it powder kegs and educators admit that little have stated publicly that we will also lead a formerly contemplated using for the 1971-72 or no learning is taking place in the class­ drive to pass a millage levy for all the money school year. The student assignment plan room. needed for quality education for all children subxnitted to this court for the desegregation In Dixie Hollings High School an estimated once we are assured this money will be spent of every junior high school in Pinellas County 30,000 pupil days have been lost-thus far­ for quality education for all children and not will result in all junior high schools having in the 1971-72 school year because of racial for forced busing to achieve racial balance. student bodies consisting of both black and strife. We will lead this drive once we are assured white students and no junior high having a In Boca Ciega High School an estimated that our children will no longer be used as studelllt body with a majority of black stu­ 20,000 pupil days have been lost because of pawns in a socio-economic experiment by dents. The plan of student assignment rioting. Federal judges in direct violation to exist­ creates a percentage of black students in Figures from the school administration's ing laws and far in excess of any Supreme junior high school student body composition public records verify the following facts: Court rulings. between approximately 5.6 per cent and 22.2 "In the school year 1970-71 there were 11 From the educational standpoint, I sub­ per cent in all regular junior high schools. reported assaults. In the school year 1971- Init a statement from a man very high in The student assignment plan for the ele­ 72, September through March, there were 195 school a.dministration here in Pinellas Coun­ mellltary schools in the Pinellas County reported assaults, an increase of 1772 percent. ty, but who asked that his name not be used, school system is designed so that each At the elementary school level prior to the "If an honest achievement study were made elementary school will have both black 1971-72 school year, there were 7 suspen­ at the end of the 1871-72 school year it and white students and no elementary school sions-for serious misbehavior. This was would be found toot education is nil". will have a student body with a majority of considered normal. In the 1971-72 school It is not necessary for me to trace the his­ black students. All elementary schools will year, September through March there have tory of busing for you distinguished law­ return to the traditional concept of kinder­ been 150 suspensions, an increase of 2143 garten through sixth grade. The student as­ percent. makers. However, in the interest of pointing out the intolerable Situation in Pinellas signment plan submitted to this court by At the junior, senior high level there were the defendant School Board is designed so 100 suspensions in the 1970-71 school year. County, please bear with me as I briefly that the percentage of black students in each In the 1971-72 September through March review the past and observe the present. elementary school will vary between approxi­ there have been 1200 suspensions, an increase In the landmark decision of 1954 Brown mately 8.1 per cent and 24.9 per cent. The of 1200 percent. Our schools are in a state versus the Board of Public Instruction, the court holds that the student assignment of rebellious confusion and chaos. I quote Supreme Court ruled that under the equal plans do not violate the conititutional rights from the S

16014 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 4, 1972 Regarding the President's proposed legis­ been questioned concerning the integrity their systems and train their men to lation and moratorium on busing, we are or fairness of its administration. J. Ed­ meet ever-changing threats to our daily pleased that the President has made his thinking known regarding the evils of forced gar Hoover nurtured and developed this lives. busing and we have hope that this will agency into one which reflected the quali­ Mr. Speaker, a great American has left arouse the Congress to the extent that the ties and virtues which he held so dear. our worldly midst. But he has left be­ American public is aroused. As Director of our Nation's largest and hind for us a legacy of devotion to duty There is much confusion and disagree­ most efficient investigatory agency, he and country which should be an inspira­ ment among the highest officials in the Na­ had at his disposal the potential to wield tion to all. He was on the job to the last. tion as to the effect of this proposed mo.,.a­ overwhelming power over the course of torium. our domestic and international affairs. Secretary E111ot Richardson of the Health, Education and Welfare is quoted as testify­ It is a mark of tribute to the man that ing before this committee on April 13th, he never succumbed to such temptations. CONGRESSMAN SHOUP'S DISTRICT that only "recent" busing orders would be On the contrary, he was scrupulously MEETINGS ON PUBLIC LANDS subject to review. Recent is a relative word, careful to insure that his position and MANAGEMENT our question is what will it do for Florida? the FBI remain aloof from the affairs Acting Attorney General Kleindienst is of politics. quoted as testifying on April 12th, that the Mr. Speaker, it is ironic and sad that HON. RICHARD G. SHOUP moratorium would affect every case ordered 1 week from today J. Edgar Hoover would OF MONTANA in violation of the 1964 Civil Rights Act. .Congressman C. W. "Bill" Young of Flor­ have marked the 48th anniversary of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ida, who is with me here today has called on service to his country as Director of the Thursday, May 4, 1972 President Nixon for an investigation of the FBI. Fortunately, as with all great men, Pinellas County case which is certainly in he has left his mark upon his country Mr. SHOUP. Mr. Speaker, I invited violation of the 1964 Civil Rights Act. We and we are better for it. I am confident interested citizens for a meeting at Big respectfully add our plea for relief under that in the days ahead, the FBI will Sky Village, Superior, Mont., to search the law to that of Congressman Young. continue to emulate the ideals which for ways to protect the forest environ­ The people of Florida made their senti­ this great American practiced through­ ment and the local economy. The meet­ ments abundantly clear in the March 14th ing was held April 1, 1972. The follow­ presidential primary when they were given out his distinguished career of public the opportunity to vote yes or no for a service. ing describes the results of the meeting: oonstitutional amendment to prevent forced SUMMARY OF MEETING busing to achieve racial balance. The vote Congressman Shoup opened the meeting was an overwhelming 4 to 1 yes. Every poll THE LATE HONORABLE J. EDGAR by stating a conflict of interest existed be­ across the Nation has reflected like senti­ HOOVER tween those wishing to protect the environ­ ment. ment and those whose jobs depended on the Gentlemen, with this type of evidence, continued harvesting of timber. Shoup said with forced busings proven track record of HON. THADDEUS J. DULSKI previous meetings had demonstrated many failure to achieve its stated goals in every OF NEW YORK areas of agreement between the two factions area where it has been tried, with the over­ and expressed the hope that the problem whelming sentiment of America from the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES could be solved to the satisfaction of both President down expressing disapproval of Tuesday, May 2, 1972 parties. forced busing, how can you in good con­ Shoup said expressions of concern had science do less than bring this matter out of Mr. DULSKI. Mr. Speaker, I take this reached him regarding how a lack of timber committee and before the Congress who is opportunity to join my colleagues in sales on U.S. forest lands could force busi­ elected as the voice of the people. expressing shock and sincere sadness at nesses to close and unemployment, which the sudden passing of a great American. was already serious, to become a greater The passing of J. Edgar Hoover is the problem. passing of an era in our Nation's history. Shoup said he hoped to have a clearer pic­ In­ ture of the entire problem, as a result of HON. J. EDGAR HOOVER The story of the Federal Bureau of the meetings, to enable him to draw up cor­ vestigation is the story of this man for rective legislation. He then called on Mr. it was to the FBI that he devoted him­ Jack Large, Forest Supervisor for the Lolo HON. WILLIAM S. BROOMFIELD self during most of his adult life. National Forest, to speak on the situation in OF MICHIGAN The FBI began to develop into the his area. of responsibility. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tremendous organization it is today only Mr. Large spoke of the problems involved after President Coolidge named him di­ in identification of candidate areas for wil­ Wednesday, May 3, 1972 rector and gave him full backing in put­ derness. He said new disciplines: gydrologists~ landscape architects, geologists, wildlife biol­ Mr. BROOMFIELD. Mr. Speaker, it is ting operations on a professional and ogists, and others are now used in planning with a deep sense of loss, that I rise to nonpolitical basis. timber sales with the intent of meeting ob­ express my sorrow and shock at the sud­ Mr. Hoover devoted 48 years of his life jections raised heretofore. den passing of J. Edgar Hoover. His pass­ to public service. Few individuals in our Large sa,id 158 million boa.rd feet had been ing has created a tremendous void, a void history have served as long and with such programmed for sale last year in the Lolo which will be difficult to fill. For, above determined and highly successful dedi­ National Forest, 96 million boa.rd feet this all else, J. Edgar Hoover was a man who cation as J. Edgar Hoover. year and 132 million board :t_eet for the com­ ing fiscal year. He related that sales had unselfishly and continually dedicated He was demanding and exacting with been scheduled for unroaded areas, which himself to the service of his country. all who served under him, but no more have since been withdrawn, and that much The accomplishments of the man were so than in the demands and efficiency mature timber already has been logged off, many and I am sure that history will he imposed upon himself. leaving little for sales. duly record them. His work against or­ He had his critics, many of whom were Shoup stated he would support line items ganired crime and the Communist Party unknowing and unreasonable about what in the budget which are intended for roads, alone earned him the respect and ad­ Mr. Hoover and his organization . were rather than having them deducted from the miration of his fellow citizens. In addi­ trying to do in the public interest. I proceeds of sales. Mr. Large replied that frequently the Office tion, he molded the FBI into the greatest have noted many of these same individ­ of Management and Budget (OMB) holds up law enforcement agency in the world. uals are coming forth to praise him now those types of appropriations. He said many However, to tell the story of the record that he is gone. sales are three years in the making, a year that this man carved against crime with­ For myself, I always have had the to acquire rights-of-way, another in recon­ out also speaking about the character of greatest respect and admiration for both naissance and a final year to make the sale. the man himself would render any eulogy Mr. Hoover and the FBI. He has been Shoup asked what effect the 96 million incomplete. For J. Edgar Hoover was in the forefront of efforts to enforce law board feet would have on the economy of a man of almost unsurpassed integrity, Mineral County. and order. Dave Owen, of the U.S. Forest Service, character, and virtue. His arena was national, but he was ever stated there is very little backlog now. It is not surprising then that the FBI ready to devote as much time and staff as Jack Large stated that as sales grow during his tenure as Director has never he possibly could spare to help State and smaller, costs go up. been the subject of a scandal or ever local law enforcement agencies improve Tom Phillips, Diamond Match Corpora- \,, ·~I May 4, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 16015 tion, said they currently ha.ve 13 to 14 mil­ balance is not being considered. He noted order for the community to build a hospital. lion boa.rd feet under contra.ct a.nd said the that it had been suggested that all unroa.ded He asked if writing letters to me and other future looked bleak, although he felt other areas automatically be considered as wilder­ members of the delegation would help in firms were in greater difficulty. He stated ness candidate areas but this had not been securing the grant. tha.t Va.n Eva.n a.nd Pack River would be done. He said that the USFS had been try­ Shoup said it would indicate public in­ strong competitors for the sales in Mineral ing to feel the public pulse and manage the terest and support and urged them to write. County. If timber sales were to stop entirely, forests accordingly, and when conservation­ Ken Sims asked if there were figures avail­ he said they could operate for possibly two ists brought pressure to bear, the USFS re­ able to demonstrate the worth to the na­ years, and at the end of one year they would sponded accordingly. tional economy of ea.ch 1,000 boa.rd feet of be starting to feel the pinch. Elmer Tillotson asked how the USFS had timber processed. Dave Owen said the U.S. Forest Service was arrived a.t the 1.5 million acre figure for J a.ck Large said he had seen such figures having some difficulty in meeting all environ­ wilderness candidate study. worked up to the economy of the Flathead mental requirements, but he felt they would Dave Owens of the USFS explained how, Valley, but not for the nation as a whole. be able to keep up with their goals. in the· Lolo National Forest, they had con­ He said that it was commonly understood Jack Large said that the federal employee sidered 11 areas using a rating system com­ that each dollar, generated from forest prod­ reduction may require the USFS to contract bined with public meetings to receive in­ uots, went through the looa.l community sev­ some services . . . such as building roads . . . puts from the public as to their needs. Quali­ eral times a.nd the same product generated which would cut back the proceeds from ties such a.s solitude, scenic beauty, lack of other dollars as it headed toward a.nd sales paid to the counties. He said he agreed man and his works, plant and animal life, reached its ultimate use. He cited the trans­ with me that some roads had been built to and undisturbed water courses and other portation industry, the building material standards higher than neccessary, which items were considered in the study, while dealers and craftsmen who all partake of the caused sale prices to escalate while, in some also weighing the areas mineral, timber and financial benefits. cases causing a meager return to the coun­ water resources and their possible present Shoup stated he too had seen the Flathead ties. and future use in the local and national Valley study and tha.t, as best his memory Ken Sims, a logger, complained that the economy. He noted that the potential min­ served him, 11 the timber sales were held at roads frequently were poorly designed. He eral values were extremely difficult to the present schedule of 96 mbf with the cur­ cited an instance where they were able to measure and consider in their studies; forc­ rent backlog, the Flathead Valley would lose demonstrate to a. ranger a better routing and ing them to put heavy reliance on the U.S. $8,000,000. began to build the road a.s so a.greed. In Geological Survey's recommendations plus Ken Sims paid tribute to the dedication of the meantime, the ranger was transferred conclusions drawn from old mining activity both industry and ecologists but said if the and his replacement, not understanding the in a given area. He noted that while the latter group does not condone cutting, they informal agreement, held up further con­ USFS can suggest an area. to be included in are then, in effect, favoring waste because the struction causing a loss of $30,000 in down wilderness, only Congress has the authority timber will either rot or burn. He suggested time. Sims closed by saying that an experi­ to do so. He said areas which had previously that an educational program be instituted enced contractor, on the ground, could fre­ been designated as primitive areas, were to explain wha.t occurs when harvesting by quently build a better road. being managed by the USFS as wilderness man does not take place. Shoup said that, in conversat ion with and would continue a.s such until final de­ Mrs. John Howell stated that ecologists had Steve Yurich, Regional Forester, he had said termination has been made. conducted an effective publicity campaign the USFS policy required one good trunk John A. Anderson complained that he felt while industry had defaulted. road into ea.ch area.. the freedoms of the people were being with­ Jack Large said the pendulum is swinging Jack Large noted that it was difficult to drawn by the USFS. back toward the centeT. He urged the people allow contractors or dozer operators to willy­ Elmer Tillotson asked for clarification on to attend and participate in public meetings nilly build roads, since cuts and fills had how a wilderness status is arrived a.t. in order that their views become known to to be mathematically balanced. He added that Shoup stated that in each instance, the the USFS. He added that the economic fu­ this was a. USFS responsibllity and said that area is judged solely on its merits. He said ture of Mineral County looked bright, based if the dirt were to roll down a. slope and if the area under consideration was thought on the a.va.ilabllity of natural resources. He into a creek, his agency would be required to have significant amounts of commercial cautioned, however, that the land must be to account for it. timber, it probably wouldn't qualify as wil­ wisely m.a.na.ged to maintain the produot!ve Shoup spoke of a bill pending in the House, derness. ca.pa.city of the timber, fisheries and recrea­ introduced by Congressman John Kyl, Iowa. Donna. McVey asked what the USFS in­ tion. which would provide for reforestation. Funds tended to do about trash and litter manage­ Elmer Tillotson asked what consideration would come from existing ta.rllfs on imported ment in back country areas. the USFS gives to the economy in their man­ wood products. He said immediate planta­ Jack Large conceded that the USFS had agement in their management decisions. tions in logged-over areas would have the ef­ not as yet been able to solve the problem Jack Large sta/ted that if, in management, fect of increasing the present a.llowa.ble cut and likened the situation to the ones faced a decision is ma.de resulting in loss of one on a sustained yield basis. by many cities. percent of the soil, then that was a wrong Jack Large, responding to a. question, Dave Owen said that the present approach decision. He said the land must be managed from an unidentified individual, on re­ to the problem was to educate the public to to retain 100% of its potential for the future. straints of mining activity, said mining had clean up after themselves, since enforcement If we allow a. clear cut sale in which there is been less restricted than had logging oper­ was nearly impossible. a. loss of the soil base, we have erred, he con­ ations. He noted that restrictions on the Shoup said that the sincerity of those who cluded. manner and use of heavy equipment have Uttered, while professing a. love of the forest, Shoup stated tha.t in the past the USFS been implemented in line with new envi­ was suspect. made estimates on the quantities of wood ronmental constraints. Jack Large commented that management fiber available annually and invited it.s har­ An unidentified individual asked if there of wilderness was difficult because of its size vest but, due to complaints, that manage­ was anything being done to assist western and la.ck of personnel. He added that the ment method is no longer used. He said that Montana. counties with "in lieu of tax USFS must solicit the assistance of back the old system had encouraged investment payments." country users in their management roles. based on USFS estimates of availab111ty of Shoup spoke of the difficulty counties have Russell Corn asked how moths damaged timber and those estimates have now been in budgeting on the basis of stumpage. He fir trees. proven to be excessively high. The resultant stated the Public Land Law Review Com­ Jack Large said that not enough is known cutback in the allowable cut ha.s caused mission has been aware of the problem and on the subject other than the moth does economic hardship. He urged those present to has made recommendations and policies are debilitate the trees and some die. He said re­ continue to attend public hearings and let now being worked out; however, Shoup said search is being conducted to better under­ their opinions be heard regarding land man­ he wasn't aware of any time table other stand what actually happens and how to agement. than that a. bill would be introduced ex­ prevent it. There being no further questions or com­ pressing the sense of Congress on the sub­ Sharon Procopio asked if there was e.ny­ ments, the meeting closed. ject and the hope that it would pass during thing new to report relative to a possible the current session. interchange location at the west end of David Owen stated that productive timber Superior. areas within the state have shown a. high Shoup reported that he had requested the OPERATION PUSH return, but that the state has used those Federal Highway Administration {F.H.A.) to monies as their share of the school founda­ rule in the affirmative on the request. I noted tion program. He felt that work should be that the Montana. Highway Department had HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL done at the state level to alter the policy. recommended the interchange and the F.H.A. OF NEW YORK An unidentified individual asked why the Division Engineer !or Montana. had endorsed USFS was trying to put large portions of the the project. He said they had reason for cau­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES forests into wilderness status. tious optimism in light of a favorable ruling Thursday, May 4, 1972 Shoup stated that in Region I there are on a similar interchange request elsewhere a.bout seven million acres, 1.5 million of in the district. Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, there is a which a.re being studied for possible inclu­ An unidentified individual stated that a. new organization dedicated to the ~o­ sion into the wilderness system, while the request for a federal grant had been filed in nomic, political, and cultural independ- t' \ \ I' 16016 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 4, 1972 ence of black Americans. That organiza­ Communist North Vietnam is sadisti­ THE PROVISIONS OF THE LEGISLATION tion is Operation PUSH led by the Rever­ cally practicing spiritual and mental Affecting lobbying activities end Jesse L . Jackson. Last month, PUSH genocide on over 1,600 American pris­ The legislation presently before this Com­ held its outstanding New York soul pic­ oners of war and their families. mission would license organizations privi­ nic a tribute to black heroes and hero­ How long? leged by exemption from taxes under Sec­ ine;. As one who was privileged to at­ tion 501 (c) (3) of the Internal Revenue tend this affair and as a strong supporter Code to devote 20 % of their expenditures to of Rev. Jackson's efforts on behalf of the communica.tions with legislative bodies for black people of the United States, I am RARICK'S TESTIMONY IN OPPOSI­ the purpose of influencing legislation, 5 % of TION TO POLITICAL ACTIVITY BY which may be expended in communication pleased to insert the pfatform of_ O~era­ with the general public for the purpose of tion PUSH L.'1 the RECORD at this trme: TAX-EXEMPT ORGANIZATIONS influencing legislation. In other words, Mr. OPERATION PUSH PLATFORM Chairman, this legislation would not only We, the People United to Save Humanity, allow such an organization to lobby direct­ HON. JOHN R. RARICK ly, up to 20 % of its expenditures, but it would believe that humanity will be saved and OF LOUISIANA served only when justic€ is done for all peo­ allow these organizations to, in effect, or­ ple. We believe that we must challenge the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ganize and influence the general public into a secondary lobbying force with far greater economic, political, and social forces that Thursday, May 4, 1972 make us subservient to others; and that we consequences. must assume the power (of being) given us Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, I testified Furthermore, this legislation which pur­ by the Power of God. we believe that our this morning before the Ways and Means ports to place a. 20 % limitation on lobbying worth as humane people is expressed in our Committee in opposition to H.R. 13720 proceeds to exempt other activities in lob­ united efforts to secure justice for all per­ and related legislation seeking to extend bying from any limitation. sons. We therefore, state our declaration of (a.) The dissemina,tion of the results of further privileges to special interest nonpartisan analysis, study, or research; goals. groups already operating tax exempt 1. PUSH for a comprehensive economic (b) Appearances before or communications plan for the development of Black and poor under existing law. with a legislative body, at the request of the people. This plan will include status as un­ The testimony follows: legislative body; and derdeveloped enclaves entitled to considera­ STATEMENT OF THE HONORABLE JOHN R . (c) Appearances before or communications with a legislative body regarding matters tion by the World Bank and the International RARICK Monetary Fund. affecting the existence of the organization, Mr. Chairman, Members of the Committee, its powers and duties, or its tax-exempt 2. PUSH for humane alternatives to the I appreciate the opportunity to testify today welfare system. status. in opposition to legislation designed to quan­ The inclusion of these exceptions renders 3. PUSH for the revival of the labor move­ tify percentagewise the measure of legisla­ ment to protect organized workers and to or­ the 20% limitation imposed by this legisla­ tive activity in which a section 501 (c) (3) tion on lobbying expenses meaningless. Ex­ ganize unorganized workers. organization may engage without jeopard­ 4. PUSH for a survival Bill of Rights for ception (a.) would, in effect, exclude the cost izing its tax-exempt status. of the only reasonable lobbying activity on all children up to the age of 18 guaranteeing I represent people, not special privilege their food, clothing, shelter, medical care and the part of these organizations from the total groups or classes, some of whom already amount allowed for communication with education. enjoy the benefi t of tax exemption. This leg­ 5. PUSH for a survival Bill of Rights for the the genera.I public. Tax-exempt organizations islation would grant further special privilege would be licensed to spend up to 5 % of their aging guaranteeing adequate food, clothing, by allowing organizations already enjoying shelter, medical care and meaningful pro­ total budget for emotional appeals to the tax exemptions to escape further responsi­ American people inasmuch as it would place grams. bility. 6. PUSH for full political participation in­ no restrictions whatsoever on expenditures Especially is this so when we consider that to present so-called "non-partisan analysis, cluding an automatic voter registration as a non-profit, tax-exempt organizations are au­ right of citizenship. study, or research" to the American people. thorized under many of the Federal programs Exactly what makes such a. study "nonparti­ 7. PUSH to elect to local, state and federal to receive grants and Federal funds. The offices persons commit ted to humane eco­ san," or objective, is not ma.de clear, nor is prospect that non-profit, tax-exempt or­ it clear who will have ultimate jurisdiction nomir. and social programs. ganizations would be licensed to use tax­ 8. PUSH for humane conditions in prisons over such a. question. payers' money to lobby for further programs Exceptions (b) and ( c) , in a. similar man­ and sound rehabilitation programs. for greater participation and more Federal 9. PUSH for a Bill of Rights for veterans ner, would exclude the cost of the only rea­ money to achieve their goals and objectives sonable lobbying activity on the pa.rt of whose needs are ignored. is unfair t o say the least. 10. PUSH for adequate health care for all these organizations from the total amount Examples of such action are: This large allowed for communications with legislative people based upon need. printed volume funded by an EPA grant of 11. PUSH for qt:ality education regardless bodies for lobbying purposes. In other words, almost $50,000 in taxpayers funds to the In­ Mr. Chairman, this legislation falls to quan­ uf race, religion or creed. stitute for the Study of Health and Society. 12. PUSH for economic and social relation­ tify percentagewise the measure of lobby­ It is entitled "Engineering A Victory for our ing activity in which a section 501 (c) (3) ships with the nations of Africa in order to Environment; A Citizens Guide to The U.S. build African;Afro-American unity. organization may engage without jeopardiz­ Army Corps of Engineers." Any reasonable ing its tax-exempt status because it frees 13. PUSH for national unity among all orga­ interpretation of the book shows it to be a nizations working for the humane economic, from any limitation the only reasonable manual for the mobilization of grassroots cit­ lobbying activities available to these orga­ political and social development of people. izens-the environmentalists and ecologist s­ 14. PUSH for a relevant theology geared to nizations. Presumably, the 20 % limitwtion to deter or stop the U.S. Corps of Engineers would be applicable only to those activities regenerating depressed and oppressed peo­ water development projects. Projects which ples. designed to manipulate pub1ic opinion to were also approved and funded by this Con­ obtain the desired legislative action to please 15. PUSH for Black excellence. gress from the taxpayers dollars. We are dedicated to reaching our goals the tax-exempt organizations governing body. This is a. paperback volume received gra­ Finally, the use of the word normally in through the research, education, development tuitously by every Member this week. It is and execution of direct action programs that lines 14 and 19 of page 2 of this legislation called "Windows on Day Care" and acknowl­ raises serious questions about the provisions provide for economic, political and cultural edges an OEO contra.ot-OEO money author­ independence. of this bill applying any limitation to lob­ ized to help the poor and destitute. bying expenses or activities on the part of Incidentally, both of these volumes a.re these organizations. This passage is worth marked "Copyright" so despite tax subsidy noting in its entirety because it appears to they are limited in their distribution and render invalid any action against these MAN'S INHUMANITY TO MAN­ reproduction without permission of the pub­ orga.nizations: HOW LONG? lisher. "Exemption from taxation ... shall not be Then the May 1st Washington Post re­ denied because a substantial part of the ac­ ported the Meyer Foundation, started by its tivities of such organization consists of car­ HON. WILLIAM J. SCHERLE former board chairman, had made a $100,000 rying on propaganda or otherwise attempting OF IOWA grant as matching funds for federal support . to influence legislation, unless, with respect of a child development center in Washing­ to the total of the amounts ... paid by such IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ton, D .C. The Comprehensive Child Develop­ organization .. . during each taxable year to Thursday, May 4, 1972 ment program was vetoed by President Nixon influence legislation ... normally exceed 20 last year, yet the taxpayers are now forced to percent, or (B) a.mounts pa.id or incurred by Mr. SCHERLE. Mr. Speaker, a child bear continuation of the program by ta.x­ such organization ... normally exceed 5 per­ asks: "Where is daddy?" A mother asks: exempt seed money to continue the experi­ cent." "How is my son?" A wife asks: "Is my ment until such time as it may become fed­ There is no attempt in this legislation to husband alive or dead?" eral law and funded directly by the taxpayers. define the word normally; if, for example, it May 4, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 16017 means an average over, say a five year span, voice in lobbying to influence the nation's he was appointed special assistant to then an organization could reasonably expect political activity. If the Committee seriously then Attorney General Palmer, direct­ to spend 10% of its budget on lobbying ac­ considers this bill, I would suggest a 20% ing a newly created General Intellig­ tivities for four of the five years and, all tax deduction to every American taxpayer within the law, spend 60% of its budget for and with similar exemption from the limita­ ence Division. In 1921 he was appointed lobbying activities in the 5th year of the tion as would be herein granted to the tax­ assistant director of the FBI and 3 years span. This possibility is certainly within rea­ exempt organization-all to be tax deducti­ later became its chief, which he has been son as it is generally true that the legislative ble. If we are going to open the doors for ever since. It is no doubt the longest pe­ bodies of this country will not consider leg­ tax-exempt lobbying, let us at least give the riod that any public servant of his stat­ islation affecting the same topic every year taxpayer a chance in the fight for his Con­ ure has served our Nation-over half during a five year span, thus these organiza­ gressman's and Senator's votes. a century. tions would not be affected except occasion­ Mr. Chairman, if we are to return "power Upon becoming the Director of the -ally by legislation. Such a situation raises in­ to the people, this legislation should be surmountable obstacles to any attempt to stopped in Committee. I urge this Committee FBI, he found that it was a ''sloppy, maintain an objective legislative process in give every consideration of the evils of this demoralized agency" which in a short the representation of our people. legislation and then for the good of the time Hoover turned into "one of the Affecting tax deductions for contributions American people kill it. finest, most efficient law enforcement The War for Independence was fought Mr. Chairman, the provisions of this legis­ agencies the world has ever known," ac­ over "taxation without representation"­ cording to Time magazine. Seeking other lation relative to tax deductions for contribu­ Let's not go to the extreme of government­ tions to these tax-exempt organizations ap­ supported representation without taxation. dedicated public servants to work with pears to be totally unworkable. The bill reads, I personally feel that the Committee would him he soon filled his staff with qualified page 6, lines 17ff, "No deduction shall be al­ better spend its time and serve the American members of the bar and experienced ac­ lowed under this section for a contribution people by considering legislation to close the countants. New departments of training for the use of an organization described in tax loopholes and tax all of the weal th of our were instituted, new scientific methods subsection (c) if the contribution is made for land. the purpose of influencing legislation (as de­ of criminal detection studies and a cen­ Thank you for this opportunity to appear tral bureau for fingerprints set up. fined in section 501 (f) (5)) ." before you this morning. If this section of the legislation is enacted It was through these efforts and orga­ into law, two possibilities can occur: (1) nizational skill that "public enemies'' either the charitable organization must ask such as Baby Face Nelson, John Dillinger, that all donations be made for a specified HON. J. EDGAR HOOVER and Pretty Boy Floyd were apprehended purpose, in which case, the organization's and solutions of a large number of kid­ ability to raise money will be seriously af­ fected; or (2) an individual who makes an naping cases solved. He was indeed the unspecified contribution to one of these HON. J. HERBERT BURKE man for those times, and admiration for charitable organizations or institutions cov­ OF FLORIDA J. Edgar Hoover by the public and Gov­ ered by this legislation will be able to claim IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ernment officials grew daily. At the same only that portion of his contribution that time he became a target for those who corresponds to the percentage of the orga­ Wednesday, May 3, 1972 feared law and order, and who belittled nization's budget not expended for lobbying Mr. BURKE of Florida. Mr. Speaker, · his efforts to maintain the safety and purposes. The absurdity of such a situation is evident, especially in the light of the recent I rise to pay tribute to J. Edgar Hoover security of our Nation. hue and cry for simplified tax forms. The al­ who has passed away from our midst in During this era of the 1930's, 1940's, ternative--allowing a tax deduction for all the Government of the United States. and even mid-1950's, the idol of the such contributions regardless of use by the It will be a loss that -vill long be remem­ American boy and girl was the "fighting organization-is even more abhorrent and bered and history should record his ef­ G-man, destroying the forces of crime contrary to the American system. forts in life with due respect. But, rather and evil." It was a healthy image for our THE EFFECTS OF THIS LEGISLATION than mourn in sorrow, I believe Mr. youngsters-certainly much healthier Enactment of this legislation could only Hoover, the departed Director of the and saner than ones being promoted result in increasing the power of the rich Federal Bureau of Investigation, woUld from some quarters in this day-pollut­ and super rich and their control over the have us look ahead, and take heed. ing the minds of our posterity and con­ life of the American citizen. This is not I, personally, would like to bring out fusing them to no end. populist legislation; it cannot benefit the people in general. On the contrary, this is those qualities in his life which should be The charges of his critics have been as elitist legislation that can only benefit the a model for our present generation of unsupported as the denunciations against ultra wealthy already in power in this coun­ young Americans, the qualities which a truly dedicated public servant. His try. This legislation would only legalize the will always enhance rather than retard work was his life and the morality he pressure activities of the minority rule of that American way which has been the adopted as young cadet in high school those already in control of our society. envy of other nations. For it is of indi­ guided all his years of life. He said: Consider, for example, the decision-mak­ viduals that our Nation is composed, in­ In every field of human endeavor, he that ing process of the organizations affected by dividuals who pave way for others to fol­ ls first must perpetually live in the white this legislation. Usually this power rests with low and emanate. And J. Edgar Hoover light of publicity.... When a ma.n's work a governing board which is either made up of becomes a standard for the whole world, it or controlled by the largest contributors to was such an example. Born on New Year's Day, 77 years ago also becomes a target for the shafts of the the organization. This is generally true on envious few. all levels of government. in Washington, D.C., J. Edgar Hoover As usual, money talks; and those people grew up in the Nation's Capital City. The record of the Justice Department's who, by virtue of their success in the public Although he was the smallest boy in his Federal Bureau of Investigation is almost sector, can afford to make large, tax-free high school's cadet company, he soon perfect---a yearly average of over 90 per­ contributions to these organizations have considerable power and control over their became their captain. And guided by the cent of cases brought to court. activities. Not content with their already ideal of doing one's best all of the time, When World War II came, Mr. Hoover considerable power in public sector resulting "Speed" as he was nicknamed, "chas­ again set about to organize his General from their economic power, they would now tised" all his friends with a certain mo­ Intelligence Division in the Bltreau, view­ be licensed to further their influence while rality which was to become his hallmark ing with clear perspective the menace veiling their strength behind "charitable" in everything he did. There was never communism posed to all free govern­ causes. any question of honor and justice about ments. This, naturally, only intensified Enactment of this legislation could but further increase the power of those men al­ him. the enmity and vengeance of this, and ready in control of much of our lives by Graduated as valedictorian of his our Nation's detractors. All sorts of virtue of their economic power. Furthermorb, class, his determination to prove him­ stories were aired about Hoover's per­ passage of this legislation would enlarge self and succeed was always evident. He sonal life and the methods he used-for existing tax loopholes by which the rich and began as messenger in the Library of it was a do-or-die struggle to get Hoover super rich a.void their fair share of the cost Congress, and evenings studied law at out. M:ich like the "War of the Roses," of running our government and living in George Washington University. In due it became obvious that Mr. Hoover had our free society. This legislation is doubly discriminatory. First, it discriminates against time he achieved the bachelor of laws treaded on something "very touchy"­ the taxpayer who receives no tax-exempt and master of laws degrees and was ad­ for which he would never be forgiven­ loophole; and, secondly, it discriminates mitted to the bar and practiced law. much like our President Nixon. against the taxpayer who is 11m1ted to a $50 After World War I, following some ex­ To be an unremitting foe of corruption "campaign contribution," yet ls denied any periences in wartime counter espionage, in politics will earn any decent man a / 16018 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 4, 1972 "badge of courage," and Mr. Hoover has and another retirement pension were in­ retary of State Professor Bardner led the dail:r earned it every day, to his dying day. creased. This causes a great hardship to deliberations and prepared the draft report. Serving under eight Presidents-from these individuals who rely on this money As a non-partisan educational forum The American Assembly takes no official stand on Coolidge to Mr. Nixon. who had their for basic necessities. matters it presents for public discussion. The utmost confidence in his work, dedica­ The purpose of increasing pensions opinions herein belong to the participants .. tion to his country and its system of gov­ and social security benefits is to account who represented themselves an d not neces­ ernment. J. Edgar Hoover stands out well for increases in the cost of living. By sarily the institutions or persons with whom_ as a fighter for freedom-also much like cutting off veterans pensions when they are affiliated. The Charles F. Kettering our President Richard M. Nixon. others are increased, this purpose is Foundation, which provided generous finan­ My fellow colleagues in the Congress, negated. The veteran is still in the posi­ cial support for this Assembly, is also neu­ to tral toward this report and ls not to be as­ I could certainly go on and on extolling tion of trying maintain a decent sociated with its findings and recommenda­ the virtues of our departed public standard of living in an inflated econ­ tions. servant, but after all is said, one should omy-and, in fact, he is often worse off CLIFFORD C. NELSON, remember the most important attribute than before pension increases. President, of this man "the quality of life and serv­ There is legislation pending in the The American Assembly. ice he promoted and which we should Veterans' Affairs Committee which understand and promote among our­ would exempt increases in social secu­ FINAL REPORT OF THE AMERICAN AsSEMBLY ON selves and with our posterity. Like Plato rity, railroad retirement, and Federal re­ THE UNITED STATES AND THE UNITED NATIONS the Greek philosopher whose motto was tirement pensions as income in deter­ (At the close of their discussions the par­ to seek perfection in every act one under­ mining pensions for World War I ticipants in the American Assembly on The takes, so did Mr. Hoover promote and veterans. I urge my colleagues on the United States and the Uni ted Nations, at. instill the need for excellence in per­ committee to give this matter their im­ Arden House, Harriman, New York, April 13- formance. He realized that "a law en­ mediate attention to help the veterans 16, 1972, reviewed as a group the following forcement agency is only as good as the who gave their efforts when the country report. The report represents general agree­ was in need. ment; however no one was asked to sign it; support it receives from the public. And and not every participant supported every over the long run. the public cannot be statement in it.) fooled. Only demonstrated performance The time has come for a major recommit­ produces the respect and cooperation ment by the United States to the United Na­ necessary to achieve the results FBI FINAL REPORT OF THE AMERICAN tions and the processes of multilateral responsibilities demand-and which the ASSEMBLY ON THE UNITED dlploma.cy. Our government has already tak­ public has every right to expect." STATES AND THE UNITED NA­ en a number of initiatives to adjust our TIONS, 1972 foreign policies to a world in which the Particularly in this. "our age," when United States no longer exercises preponder­ the call for excellence and doing one's ant power. The Nixon Doctrine embodies the best, has been so circumvented: When HON. DONALD M. FRASER principle tha.t the United States should do the encouragement for mediocrity and OF MINNESOTA less by itself and more in cooperation with free handouts without effort is being others. The President has further called for promulgated-we should take heed of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES a new "structure of peace" based on five this departed man's goals in his own life­ Thursday, May 4, 1972 major power centers--the United States, the Soviet Union, China, Japan and an enlarged time. Unless we do take heed, seriously, Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker, April 13 European community. and begin propogating the morality to 16, 1972, I joined 35 others at Arden While the search for a new power balance which has always been the standard of House, Harriman, N.Y., in the American ls a legitimate objective, a balance of power our American way of life; unless each Assembly on the United States and the alone ls not good enough. Balance of power individual does every day to really "earn United Nations. The final report of this politics, by itself, has never brought peace in his keep" rather than demand something assembly is now available. the past. It will not do so in the future which rightfully he or she has not earned, unless it is accompanied by institutional ar­ My colleagues will be interested in this rangements to accommodate the interests o! then I can see only a downfall of the product of our 4 days of discussion. The the competing power centers. Moreover, system which has offered so much to so report follows, preceded by a brief de­ countries outside the five centers of power many in the past; a system which is the scription of the American Assembly and will demand-end rightly so-a fair measure unrealized ideal of those compelled to a listing of the trustees and officers of of participation in the world political proc­ live under totalitarian regimes. The this affiliate of Columbia University: ess. The "structure of peace" which the cornucopia of life cannot produce end­ President calls for needs a strong institu­ THE AMERICAN ASSEMBLY ON THE UNITED tional foundation and expression--centered lessly. There is a need for rededication to STATES AND THE UNITED NATIONS, 1972 the ideals which made this country great in the United Nations. PREFACE Balance of power politics, by itself, ls in­ so that we can continue developing the These pages contain the views of a group of adequate in the face of the unprecedented quality of life we all seek. 36 Americans who met April 13-16, 1972, at situation in which mankind now finds itself. Rest in peace, J. Edgar Hoover. I Arden House, Harriman, New York, to con­ As a result of revolutionary developments in believe that the ideals by which you were sider the Unilted States role in the United Na­ science, technology, economics and commu­ guided will take form with us and with tions in the face of public a.nd Congressional nications, the nations of the world face a our posterity as we are reminded of your controversy over that organization greater series of common challenges that require life and your passing. than at any previous time in its history. common responses. These challenges include Among the principal issues discussed were: the expensive and dangerous arms race, the use of the U .N. in American foreign policy; explosion of the world's popula-tion, the pol­ U.N. decision-making arrangements; finan­ lution of the common biosphere, and the cial and management problems; and federal rising demands of impoverished masses for a PENSION RELIEF FOR WORLD WAR I government organization for U.N. affairs. decent standard of ll!e. New forms of global VETERANS The meeting was held under the auspices cooperation and even planetary planning are of The American Assembly of Columbia Uni­ essential to insure the well-being and per­ versity, which regularly convenes for the pur~ haps the survival of the human race. pose of focusing attention on issues of pub· We have reached a critical point in our HON. JOHN F. SEIBERLING lie importance. The recommendations of this country's relations with the United Na­ OF OHIO Assembly were adopted in a final plenary ses­ tlons--a situation that endangers the best IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sion on April 16 after two full days of discus­ interests of the United States. We have a sion a.ta. committee of the whole. There were vital interest in the development of interna­ Thursday, May 4, 1972 also three evening sessions: an address by tional institutions to deal with mankind's Mr. SEIBERLING. Mr. Speaker, I Justice Arthur Goldberg; and panel sessions common problems. Yet we appear to be on a would like to bring to the attention of with Assistant Secretary of State Samuel De­ collision course with the very international my colleagues a situation involving our Palma and Amba.ssa.dor Charles Yost, and agencies in whose future we have an im­ Congressmen John Culver, F. Bradford Morse, portant stake. World War I veterans which urgently and James Scheuer. We are defaulting on our multilateral needs correction. The Assembly was directed by Richard N. cominitm.ents: Several of my constituents who are Gardner, Henry L. Moses Professor of Law We have imported chrome from Rhodesia World War I veterans have lost their and International Organization at Columbia in violation of a legally binding embargo !or veterans pensions when social security University and former Deputy Assistant Sec- which we voted in the Security Council. May 4, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF aEMARKS 16019 We have refused to pay our assessments use of force and peaceful settlement to our Nations to have the technical structure to -to the International Labor Organization. own behavior as well as to the behavior of research and develop models of systems which We have failed to appropriate promised others. reflect the interrelationship of national hu­ .funds for the expansion of the U.N. head­ 2. We should seek, at the highest political man and environmental factors throughout quarters in New York. level, a resolution of the Charter issues over our own global system. We have neglected to perform our part the initiation, financing and effective man­ Therefore: of internationally agreed arrangements to agement of U.N. peacemaking operations. We 1. We call upon the President to seek im­ grant tariff preferences to developing coun­ urge the President to underline our concern mediate Congressional action to appropriate tries, and we have so far neglected to provide with this question in his meetings with the our promised share of the funds for the In­ promised additional resources for multi­ leaders of the Soviet Union and other world ternational Development Association and the lateral development banks. powers. regional development banks. Although these defaults are of recent ori­ 3. \Ve should support improved arrange­ 2. We urge the President and the Con­ -gin, they are the culmination of a process ments for preventive diplomacy under the gress to approve annual increases in our of erosion in our multilateral diplomacy auspices of the Security Council, the Gen­ contributions to the U.N. development pro­ during recent years under both Democratic eral Assembly and the Secretary-General, gram, so that our yearly contribution reaches .and Republican Administrations. Whlle including strengthened fact-finding and a minimum of $200 million by 1975 . taking laudable initiative in areas such as mediation procedures. We should agree to 3. We urge our government to condition ·disaster relief, population, the environment, accept such procedures in any dispute to these increases in our assistance on improve­ narcotics, and seabeds, we have shown di­ which we are a party. Except in the most ments in the headquarters and· field opera­ minishing interest in the U.N.'s basic vital areas of national security, we should tions of the UNDP, lncluding the more Charter functions of peacekeeping, develop­ accept third-party judgment by a procedural rigorous application of performance stand­ _men t, and human rights. At the same time, majority in the Security Council, by a Gen­ ards. our military actions in Vietnam and the eral Assembly majority including a specified 4. We should seek advice and technical as­ Dominican Republic have further weakened majority of countries specially interested in sistance from international agencies in deal­ the U.N. and respect for international law. the matter at issue or by decision of the ing with pressing domestic problems, such as . Other countries have often behaved even International Court of Justice. Our self­ urbanization and mass transportation. 1.ess responsibly toward international organ­ judging Connally Amendment to the com­ 5. We urge our government to take steps izations than the United States. But the fail­ pulsory Jurisdiction of the Court should be to restore the vitality of the General Agree­ ures of others and the shortcomings of the withdrawn. ment on Tariffs and Trade and the Interna­ -U.N. system are no reason for us not to sup­ 4. We should seek the creation, at the tional Monetary Fund so that they may be­ :port international institutions and pro­ earliest date feasible, and in concert with come the principal forums for decision­ grams vital to our own and to the general others, of those measures for peacekeeping making on trade and monetary questions. In interest. Moreover, the future of the U.N. and peacemaking which have been proposed place of the group of developed countries .:and of the other great world agencies in­ by the Lodge Commission and recent policy known as the Group of Ten, we propose the .evitably depends in large measure on what panels of the United Nations Association, creation within the IMF of a policy group wedo. notably a standby U.N. peace force, a U.N. of :finance ministers from both developed and I peace fund, a U.N. corps for humanitarian developing countries. and relief missions and an enlarged group 6. We urge continued U.S. leadership at the A major effort is needed to revive and im­ of military observers. forthcoming Stockholm Conference on the :prove the United Nations as a peacekeeping ..and peacemaking agency. The new tasks 5. We should make available to the U.N. Human Environment, the 1973 Conference which the United Nations has assumed in the most modern communications equip­ on the Law of the Sea, and the 1974 World :such areas as environment, population and ment and earmark airlift facilities for use Population Conference. To this end we pro­ drug control are no substitutes for the in future peacekeeping emergencies. We pose the appointment of special ambassa­ -United Nations' political role. Indeed there should also urge the International Telecom­ dors to direct our preparations for the Law :a.re limits to which these functions can be munication Satellite Consortium (Intelsat) of the Sea and population conferences. performed effectively by the U.N. if the po- to make voice channels available without III 1itical functions continue to atrophy. With­ charge for U.N. operational requirements. The crisis in our relations to the United out more effective peacekeeping and peace­ 6. We urge the President and the Congress Nations finds acute expression in pressing making, the U.N. is unlikely to command the to observe the U.N.'s embargo on trade with financial issues. _public support and the institutional vitality Rhodesia. It is indefensible that the United States -required for the discharge of its non-politi­ II should withhold funds from the U.N. system

R. G. Cholla.r, President & Chairman, Char­ House. Assemblies have also been held in So in paying tribute today, Mr. Speak­ les F. Kettering Foundation, Dayton. England, Switzerland, Malaysia, Canada, the er, we can pay the ultimate compliment Myer Oohen, Acting Deputy Administra­ Caribbean, South America, Central America, in saying that J. Edgar Hoover's shoes tor, United Nations Development Program, the Philippines, and Japan. Over one hundred New York. institutions have cosponsored one or more will be hard to fill at the Federal Bureau John C. Culver, Representative from Iowa, Assemblies. of Investigation. Congress of the United States. Arden House Samuel De Palma, Assistant Secretary of Home of The American Assembly and scene State for International Organization Affairs. of the national sessions is Arden House, which Most Rev. John J. Dougherty, Auxiliary was given to Columbia University in 1950 Bishop of Newark, New Jersey. by W. Averell Harriman. E. Roland Harriman EULOGY FOR THE LATE HONOR­ Richard A. Falk, Mlllbank Professor of joined his brother in contributing toward ABLE ADAM CLAYTON POWELL, International Law, Princeton Univeirsity. adaptation of the property for conference JR. Philip Falsie, Assistant Managing Editor, purposes. The buildings and surrounding The Washington Post. land, known as the Harriman Campus of Col­ Donald M. Fraser, Representative from umbia University, are 50 miles north of HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL Minnesota, Congress of the United States. New York City. OF NEW YORK Arthur J. Goldberg, Washington, D.C. Abbott C. Greenleaf, Brigadier General, Arden House is a distinguished conference IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES center. It is self-supporting and operates USAF, Deputy Chief of Staff, Hq. Air Forces Thursday, May 4, 1972 Systems Command, Washington, D.C. throughout the year for use by organizations Ernest A. Gross, Curtis, Mallet-Prevost, with educational objectives. The American Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, the death Colt & Mosle, New York. Assembly ls a tenant of this Columbia Uni­ of former Representative Adam Clayton Alexander Hehmeyer, Executive Vice Presi­ versity facility only during Assembly sessions. Powell, Jr., left the entire Nation sad­ dent, Field Enterprises, Inc., Chicago. THE AMERICAN ASSEMBLY, COLUMBIA dened at the loss of a champon of the Elmore Jackson, Vice President for Policy UNIVERSITY rights of the poor and minorities in Studies, United Nations Association of the Trustees America. USA, New York. Arthur G. Altschul, New York. One of the most moving tributes paid David A. Kay, Carnegie Endowment for In­ Robert O. Anderson, New Mexico. ternational Peace, New York. to Adam was the eulogy by Dr. Samuel George W. Ball, New York. D. Proctor. I know that my colleagues Reynold Levy, Harriman Scholar, Columbia William Benton, Connecticut. University. Courtney C. Brown, Chairman, New York. who worked with Adam over the past F. Bradford Morse, Representative from William P. Bundy, Massachusetts. years share Dr. Proctor's sentiments: Massachusetts, Congress of the United States. Josephine Young Case, New York. A EULOGY FOR ADAM CLAYTON POWELL, JR. Nathan A. Pelcovits, Director for Policy John Cowles, Minnesota. (By Samuel D. Proctor) Pl,anning, Bureau of International Organiza­ George S. Craft, Georgia. tion Affairs, Department of State. Marriner S. Eccles, Utah. The Second Epistle of Timothy is the Francis T. P. Plimpton, Debevoise, Plimp­ Milton S. Eisenhower, Maryland. benedictory of a tired warrior who had come ton, Lyons & Gates, New York. Arthur S. Flemming, Virginia. to the end of his days. Paul writes to his Hyman Judah Schachtel, Rabbi, Congrega­ Katharine Graham, District of Columbia. young disciple and fellow-la.borer, Timothy. tion Beth Israel, Houston. W. Averell Harriman, New York. Let me paraphrase that Epistle. William E. Schaufele, United States Mis­ Hubert H. Humphrey, Minnesota.. He starts out by saying, Timothy, I think sion to the United Nations, New York. George F. James, ex officio, New York. a.bout you night and day. I remember how James H. Scheuer, Representative from J. Erik Jonsson, Texas. you cried when you learned of my sorrows. New York, Congress of the United States. Sol M. Linowitz, New York. Timothy, I remember the great faith of Stephen M. Schwebel, Professor of Inter­ William J. McGill, ex officio, New York. Lois, your grandmother and of Eunice, your national Law, School of Advanced Interna­ Clifford C. Nelson, ex officio, New Jersey. mother. True believers. I remember ordain­ tional Studies, The Johns Hopkins University, Chester W. Nimitz, Jr., Connecticut. ing you and I hope you will keep your gift Washington, D.C. alive. Georgiana G. Stevens, Atlantic Monthly, Officers Never be ashamed of being a preacher, San Francisco. Clifford C. Nelson, President. Timothy, and don't be ashamed of me because Griffith Way, Attorney at Law, Seattle. Kurt Ludwig, Secretary. I am in jail for the Gospel. Be honored when Watson W. Wise, Tyler, Texas. George M. Phillips, Treasurer. you can suffer for the Gospel. Charles W. Yost, Distinguished Lecturer in Mary M. McLeod, Assistant to the Presi­ I do indeed suffer but, I am not ashamed: Foreign Policy, School of International Af­ dent. "I know whom I have believed and am pur­ fairs, Columbia University. Chairman Emeritus: Henry M. Wriston, suaded that he is able ...." ABOUT THE AMERICAN ASSEMBLY New York. And then, after other admonitions he said to him, "I am now ready." Ready. "Ready to The American Assembly was established by be offered, and the time of my departure is Dwight D. Eisenhower at Columbia Univer­ at hand. I have fought a good fight, I have sity in 1950. It holds nonpartisan meetings A TRIBUTE TO THE LATE finished my course, I have kept the faith ...." and publishes authoritative books to illumi­ J. EDGAR HOOVER Then he went on and laid his soul bare. He nate issues of United States policy. was saying that he didn't mind dying but An affiliate of Columbia, with offices in the what he couldn't stand was the loneliness Graduate School of Business, the Assembly that went before death. He said, Timothy is a national, educational institution incor­ HON. NORMAN F. LENT come to see me as soon as you can. Everybody porated in the state of New York. OF NEW YORK has left me alone. Demas is gone back to The Assembly seeks to provide informa­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Thessalonika, Crescens has ~ne to Galatia, tion, stimulate discussion, and evoke inde­ Titus to Dalmatia. Everybody has left. Only pendent conclusions in matters of vital pub­ Wednesday, May 3, 1972 Luke has stuck with me. Find John Mark. lic interest. Mr. LENT. Mr. Speaker, today I join Bring him with you when you come, and American Assembly Sessions all Americans in mourning the death of when you come through Troas, pick up a coat and some books I left there at the home of At least two national programs are initiated a fine public serv,ant, a man who devoted Carpus. each year. Authorities are retained to write his entire life to the service of this coun­ Remember Alexander the coopersmith? He background papers presenting essential data try-the lat~ J. Edgar Hoover. was awfully cruel to me. At my first trial, in and defining the main issues in each subject. Mr. Hoover, in the span of 48 years, fact, no man stood with me. Nobody! But the About 60 men and women representing a Lord was by my side and was strengthening broad range of experience, competence, and singlehandedly took a Government bu­ reau beset with problems and turned it me every minute. American leadership meet for several days to Come to see me. Try to get here before discuss the Assembly topic and consider al­ into the finest and most widely respected winter. But remember. . .. I am ready, any­ ternatives for national policy. law enforcement agency in the world. time now. "I have fought a good fight. I All Assemblies follow the same procedure. J. Edgar Hoover's direction of the Fed­ have finished my course, I have kept the The background papers are sent to partici­ eral Bureau of Investigation spanned the faith." pants in advance of the Assembly. The As­ service of eight Presidents, truly a re­ To the bereaved family, to Skipper, to the sembly m~ets in small groups for four or markable career. The continuingly high officers and members of Abyssinian, to the five lengthy periods. All groups use the same friends and mourners who have gathered, we agenda.. At the close of these informal ses­ standards he set for the operation of the FBI resulted in public accolades for the are here to bid farewell to another war­ sions participants adopt in plenary session rior. a final report of findings and recommenda­ law enforcer rather than the lawbreak­ I received word shortly after his passing tions. er, and his outstanding administration from his devoted friend, Dr. Aaron Wells, and Regional, state, and local Assemblies are of the Bureau will be difficult to ap­ I began immediately to reflect on his enor­ held following the national session at Arden proach. mous contributions. 16022 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 4, 1972 Later, his trusted associate for many word back to John, Charity! Meeting human uberance in that Confederate citadel, and yea.rs, Odell Clark, called and as we reviewed needs! we were inspired by our Black heroes. Adam some of his victories for the people, hardly "The blind see, Powell was our new hero. He had defied the have so many people ever owed so much to The lame walk, power structure, had created a black polit­ one man. The lepers a.re cleansed, ical base and, had given us our first evidence Every once in a while history has to clear The deaf hear, that American institutions were capable of the way for a giant who ls prepared to stride The dead a.re raised, any change at all. across the stage of time. Once in a generation The poor are hearing the Gospel." This new fact that he flashed before us we can expect a Frederick Douglas, an Adam burned itself into the consciousness of a Powell or a Martin Luther King, one who Charity. St. Paul said that this was the young college boy. I had no assurance at all is sensitive to injustice, perceptive of in­ greatest spiritual gift. He said if you don't that my degree, my sacrifices, my new learn­ stitutional evil and who is prepared to fling have it you are a mere noise maker. It won't ing would be an avenue to success or to free­ himself into confrontation with the forces make any difference if you can move a moun­ dom. We lived behind a thick wall of segre­ of oppression. tain, feed the poor, commit suicide. Nothing. gation. There was no hint of change in 1941. These men move with selfless abandon be­ . .. You need real charity! He said that the The churches were segregated, the unions cause their actions originate with an early things that wm last the longest are faith, were segregated, the colleges and universities response to the call of God. They a.re pro­ hope and charity, but the greatest was char­ were segregated, the hospitals and ceme­ pelled by a strange urge from within that is ity. teries, restaurants and hotels, buses and like the feeling that Jeremiah had when he The list could be longer, but the only trains-in every way possible my country said, "his word was in mine heart as a other side of good religion that calls for at­ screamed at me ma.king me think I was no­ burning fire shut up in my bones, and I was tention today is justice. In the earliest docu­ body, in 1941. But Adam Clayton Powell Jr. weary with forbearing and I could not stay." ments of the Old Testament, we find a crav­ was marching up and down Seventh Avenue You see, good religion, like love, ls a many ing for justice. telling us we were somebody. splendid thing. It has several manifestations. When Na.than the prophet found David the That was the beginning of one of the most When the light of God shines in the hu­ king wrong, in the name of justice, he told colorful and significant careers that any man man soul, it reflects itself prismatlca.lly like him, "Thou art the man." has had in the 20th century. We pause to­ a diamond with several facets. On one side Justice ls that human virtue that does not day to bid him farewell as the drama closes, there is the element of ecstasy, just sheer wait for volitional, spontaneous, unsched­ the curtain falls, the lights grow dim and ecstasy, the feeling of overflowing that makes uled charity. Justice says that a certain kind the script is finished. one cry "Glory!" It made the Psalmist sing: of fair play should be counted on, expected, Come now and see that as a prophet of "I will lift up mine eyes unto the hills, scheduled and without which some penalty sooia.l justice he put the plight of the urban whence cometh me my help." Overflowing is sure to follow. black and poor on the nation's agenda as ecstasy. Justice says that if you plan to do right, no one had done before. Ecstacy ! It made the prophet Isaiah cry write it down, tell everybody, make it known, Our problems remain so largely unsolved. when he had his vision, "Woe ls me! for I commit yourself, let us all be in on it to­ But no one can deny that the plight of the am undone ..." Ecstasy. It made Charles gether. Justice is blind, impartial, persistent, urban poor-the black poor-is before the Wesley write, "O, for a thousand tongues to even-handed, plays no favorites. attention of America. And those who know sing, my Great Redeemer's praise!" The prophet Micah said that this was the history Will remember that it was Adam Ecstasy. It used to make my grandmother among the highest priorities of religion. He Powell who brought the issue out in the close her . eyes and tighten her Ups and said, "What doth the Lord require of thee, open, carried it to City Hall and then to whisper, "Praise the Lord!" That is one side but to do justly, to love mercy and to walk Washington. of religion. humbly with God." President Johnson and President Kenneoy On another side we find simplicity, get­ The prophet Amos gave it an even higher wrote him letters and thanked him for han­ ting life uncluttered, withdrawal from the priority. He said that God would not listen dling the work of the House Committee on world, asceticism, contemplation and seren­ to their violin music or be deceived by the Education and Labor more productively than ity. This is what religion means to some. sweet fragrance of their incense. He said, any other chairman had ever done. The major The simple, quiet life. "Let justice roll down as waters, and right­ social legislation of both Kennedy and John­ Saint Francis, for example, was born the eousness as a mlghty stream." son had to go through that committee and son of a cloth merchant and became an Jesus applied the principles of justice there had not been any social legislation at ascetic. He was of noble lineage. As a young when he found people eager to judge the all in the hundred years before him. soldier-adventurer he joined one crusade lives of others. He said you can't see a mote What do we owe to Adam? Federal man­ after another until a vision obsessed him. in your brother's eye if you have a big power training, Head Start, Job Corps, higher He gave himself to solitude and prayer. He splinter in your own. When they wanted minimum wage, federal aid to education, renounced his wealth and went in rags, to stone a woman to death who was alleged loans for college students and federal dol­ mingling with the beggars and asking alms. to be unfaithful, He asked the one who had lars for school equipment, new training for When he tried to seize his father's wealth no sin at all to cast the first stone. Indians, new help for migrant laborers, new and give it away, he was arrested. Justice. It ls an ancient concept found in opportunities for the handicapped, the deaf, Having adopted a life of poverty and sim­ the Code of Hammurabi 2,000 yea.rs before the blind, the aged and the mentally re­ plicity, he organized a new order, the Fran­ Christ, but a. very simple one. It says don't tarded. ciscans, with 12 disciples and won the ap­ ask a. privilege for yourself that you would In other words, that entire procession of proval of Pope Innocent III. not grant to everyone similarly situated. On persons whom Jesus met on the hills of Now, let's face it, the simple life of pov­ the other hand, it says don't do to another Judea and on the road through Samaria and erty and withdrawal does have its rewards. person what you would not want done to you. around the Sea of Galilee, all of those who From such living enormous spiritual wealth It is even-handedness. had been beaten and broken by poverty and can accrue. Listen to the prayer of Sa.int But my friends, lying behind the notion disease, whose lives were being snuffed out Francis, for example: of justice ls the assumption that someone slowly by steady oppression-that's the crowd will be a.round to see that it ls done, to super­ of persons in modern terms who were on "O Lord Adam's mind. He roared like a Hon and Make me an instrument of thy peace, vise it, to monitor it, to guarantee it, to give it force. There just has to be someone who snapped like a cobra in their defense. Where there is hatred let me sow love, Come further and see that as a prophet Where there is injury, pardon, has the fine tuning, the understanding to know when a situation is out of balance, of social justice he awakened with a one Where there ls darkness, light, sided version of Christianity. We paid a lot Where there ls sadness, joy, and that somebody must have the courage, the brains, the audaciousness, the cool brav­ of attention to the minutia of religion. Who Where there ls doubt, faith, should be baptized, who could take com­ And where there is despair, hope. ery and the passionate zeal, the size, the voice, the looks, the energy, the following munion, how to debate on the Bible, who O Divine Master, to force an issue in the name of justice. could be saved, etc. We were reared around Grant that I may not so much seek This is where the work and the ministry Southern Methodists, Episcopalians, and To be consoled as to console, of Adam Clayton Powell, Jr. comes to the Baptists. They kept us singing about heaven To be understood as to understand, fore. If Charles Wesley was a man of ecstasy; with our condition on earth unchanged. They To be loved as to love. if St. Francis was a man of simplicity; if St. had rigid teachings about Christ but they forgot the teachings of Christ. It all had to For Paul was a man of charity, then Adam Powell stands in the train of Amos and Micah who do with his birth and death, but they forgot It is in giving that we receive, were men of justice. entirely about his life. It is in forgiving that we a.re pardoned, Nevertheless, the black churches played an And it is in dying that we are born to In 1941, when he was elected to the City indispensable role. Men like Aq.am Powell eternal life." council of New York City, I was a college senior in Virginia. I was proud of my prog­ Sr. had the abllity to bring people together, On another side we find charity, pure ress and I was burdened with ambition. The to inspire them to improve their lot and to altruism, self-giving. This has always been campus of Virginia Union University, where protect their gains. Dr. Powell Sr. was one an important criterion of good religion. his father received his education, was located of the real champions of the people in New When John the Baptist sent his followers on a. hlll on the edge of the north end of Haven and in New York. His fiery preaching to ask Jesus for his credentials, Jesus sent Richmond. We revelled in our youthful ex- caused the hearts of men to be strangely ., ( May 4, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 16023 warmed and after the respite of the Sabbath that he gave himself to serve. Life is vastly as they a.re expressed by the Soviet Consti­ they could return to face a week of hard different today because of his valiant fight in tution and the United Nations Declaration work. our behalf. of Human Rights. The members of the Hun­ They were also educated in civic and polit­ Like St. Paul, facing his end, he came down garian Freedom Fighters' Federation U.S.A. ical affairs by the pastors. But organized to the shores of time a lonesome man. fully support this resolution. social action, coming out of the sanctuary But as St. Paul said to Timothy, I can hear We are aware of your clear commitment to to face the enemy of righteousness--that Adam answering the moment. "I am not the basic human rights. We hope that during was something new. And it had to come. The ashamed. I know whom I have believed, and your talks with the leaders of the Soviet black church was the only free agency we he is able.... " Union, you will have not only the oppressed had and if the church did not eventually "The time of my departure is at hand. I Russian Jews in mind, but you will not for­ become the focal point of social justice, it have fought a good fight, I have finished my get the countries which a.re occupied and would have been delayed much longer than course, I have kept the faith." thereby denied independence and sover­ it has been. After Adam began, church after Farewell Adam. We'll never forget you. You eignty by the Soviet Union. We also respect­ church caught the spirit. Thus, when King made a big difference among us. God speed fully petition you on behalf of the many began his movement, churches and preach­ you on your journey. You don't want us to millions of America.ns with East European ers all over the country acknowledged that weep but parting is such sweet sorrow. background to exert your influence to con­ social justice was nothing more than the But Adam, our sorrow is assuaged by one vince the Soviet leaders that their ruthless Gospel applied to modern life. He began a strong truth that won't let us go. Although oppression of individuals and nations in the tradition that later spawned Leon Sulllvan, you depart from us alone and leave for the captive countries is not only violating the Channing Philips, Walter Fauntroy, Wyatt other shore, lost from sight in the dim hori­ internationally endorsed principles of Hu­ T. Walker, Andrew Young, Ralph Aber­ zon, somehow we can't help but believe that man Rights, but also creating an image of nathy, Jesse Jackson, and many others. Jesus was right when he said that in our the Soviet Union which is damaging to its Of course, Martin Luther King was his Father's house there were many mansions. own and the world's best interest. prize progeny. This church, Abyssinian, You won't be alone, Adam. We present a special plea for Hungary, our and her officers and members, deserves the In that land of sweet forever, where the beloved native land, the land which con­ highest praise for standing by him with un­ wicked cease from troubling and the weary tributed so much to the cultural, scientific are at rest, you will find other arrivals who and social progress of the world and of the failing loyalty. have left just a little while ago. There is a Finally, as a prophet of social justice he United States. You, Mr. President, who per­ great company whom we have bidden fare­ sonally witnessed at the Bridge of Andau, followed a long and lonely path. When a man well, who wait for you on the other side! the results of the bloody suppression of the is burdened with a passion to ameliorate Medgar Evers from Jackson is there; Whitney Hungarian October, do not need specific social conditions he steps on a lot of tender Young just left; young Mike King is there; justification of our plea. The hopes, humble feelings, like romping through a bed of roses. Ralph Bunche hasn't been long gone. You'll requests and strong demands of the Hun­ The petals fall on all sides. find others there, Adam. Malcolm has made garian people are still the same as they were Every time he made a move he scared away the journey. There are more. in 1956. If your visit to Moscow brings the another group of friends. Every time he lifted John said he saw a hundred and forty-four idea.ls, concepts and principles expressed by his voice in defense of one group, it was in thousand who sang a new song. No one could a free people one step closer to realization, offense to another. Follow that program for sing the song but the hundred and forty­ we will be grateful. 35 years and see what it gets you, loneliness, four thousand whom God had redeemed We pray for you and for the success of enemies, detractors, and false friends. So from the earth. your trip. May God guide you in your diffi­ many people are beholden to the power He fought a good fight, he finished his cult mission for peace with justice, on the structure that when you make relentless as­ course. He kept the faith. battlefields and in the halls of Diplomacy, saults upon it you shake a lot of friends but above all for peace of mind for every­ loose. Your cause becomes too risky. Jesus one: the Jews of Russia, the downtrodden lost his family, his followers, and finally his of Hungary, the hopeful of Vietnam and the closest colleague, Simon Peter. FOR THE PRESIDENT'S AGENDA troubled of the United States. Adam Powell was the first black leader in Sincerely yours, America whose financial support came from ISTVAN B. GEREBEN. the people be served. His money was indig­ enous. Homegrown. Right here. And he was HON. BENJAMIN S. ROSENTHAL HUNGARIAN FREEDOM FIGHTERS' therefore free to speak his mind, and this did OF NEW YORK FEDERATION, not make friends among those in power. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Rockville, Md., April 26, 1972. He took out after the dime stores, the hos­ Hon. BENJAMIN s. ROSENTHAL, pitals, the department stores, the telephone Thursday, May 4, 1972 U.S. Representative, company, the City of New York, the State of Mr. ROSENTHAL. Mr. Speaker, the House Office Building, New York, the labor unions, the construction w ashington, D .a. industry, the colleges and universities, and Hungarian Freedom Fighters' Federa­ DEAR MR. ROSENTHAL: The Hungarian the United States Marine Corps. He was un­ tion, under its copresident, Istvan B. Freedom Fighters Federation congratulates afraid. The chemistry of defiance was in his Gereben, wrote recently to President you for introducing House Concurrent Res­ blood and he responded to it until he was Nixon supporting the passage by the olution 471. The overwhelming vote in favor weakened by mness. House of Representatives of House Con­ of that resolution is a credit to your leg­ But each of these battles caused his current Resolution 471 which asks the islative abilities. enemies to vow that at the right time they President to support the cause of Soviet We informed the President of our support would make their assault. Jews. Mr. Gereben requests the President of your resolution. I enclose my letter to the When he was denied a chance to take his President for your information and use. congressional seat, it was one of the most to bring the matter of Soviet Jews before It is reassuring to know that there are so blatant examples of a double standard and the Soviet officials whom he will meet on many distinguished public figures like you of the height of contempt for bold black men his coming trip to Moscow. and your colleagues who care about the that the nation has seen. The men who ex­ I include below Mr. Gereben's excellent oppressed, the downtrodden millions who's cluded him had sat in the House for yea.rs letter to the President, which also sup­ only hope are us, the free and concerned allowing racism to run rampant, subsidizing ports the cause of Hungary, as well as here in the United States. their favorite industries at the expense of the organization's letter to me as chair­ Thanking you to keep the torch of hope the poor, denying Constitutional rights to man of the Subcommittee on Europe high I remain, black people, maintaining segregation in Sincerely yours, Washington, D.C., allowing the states to go which held hearings on Soviet Jewry and lsTVAN B. GEREBEN. to any lengths to deny black people rights, which reported House Concurrent Reso­ giving grants to contractors who discrimi­ lution 471: nated against black folks, giving money to HUNGARIAN FREEDOM FIGHTERS' hospitals who didn't allow black doctors to FEDERATION, A LONGSHOREMAN FROM SOUTH practice, and giving money to universities Rockville, Md., April 25, 1972. BOSTON SUPPORTS SENATOR Mc­ that didn't allow black folks to study. The}' The PRESIDENT, supported a segregated Army, Navy, Air The White House, GOVERN Force, National Guard, FBI, and State Police. Washtngton, D.C. Adam took out after the whole crowd. He DEAR MR. PRESIDENT: The House of Repre­ HON. ROBERT W. KASTENMEIER threw down the foul flag every time he saw sentatives on April 17, with a 360 to 2 vote, one and they couldn't stand him. passed House Concurrent Resolution 471, OF WISCONSIN So they tightened the noose and when they urging you Mr. President to call upon the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES thought they had him they sprang the trap. Government of the Soviet Union during your Thursday, May 4, 1972 All this he did, remember now, for a peo­ forthcoming visit to the Kremlin, to apply ple who had been in the country for 350 yea.rs the principles and rights to the Jewish and l\,ir.!CASTENl\{E!ER..lMr.Speaker,the and who were only ha.If free. It was our ca.use other religious minorities of the Soviet Union strong vote appeal of Senator GEORGE / ) 16024 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 4, 1972 I McGOVERN among the blue-collar work­ come a country these kids would think was change hiring practices within the federal ers in this year's presidential primaries, worth fighting for. government itself. starting in New Hampshire and contin­ Now, I want you to write this down. I In the employment of Southern Califor­ firmly object to a representative of a top nia's biggest minority group, Mexican-Ameri­ uing in Wisconsin, Massachusetts, Penn­ Government agency saying on TV that the cans, for example, the federal government is sylvania, and Ohio, has stunned and con­ country doesn't have the resources to get a far behind. Spanish-speaking people make up founded the Nation's political pundits, true audit on the phone company. That's 17 percent of this area's population, yet they particularly those who sought, to belittle wrong. hold less than 6 percent of the 150,000 federal the McGOVERN campaign for the presi­ America is the greatest possible place for jobs here. Worse, they almost never wind up dency from the outset. the average guy. But big business-when we in the top jobs. Nine big federal agencies Time magazine sent correspondent send a representative down to Washington, have zero percent of their top management John Stacks to investigate the McGOVERN they send down a lobbyist, and they take all posts filled by Spanish-speaking people. these guys by the hand. I've worked 25 If this great employment disparity were popularity in a working-class area of Bos­ years on the docks. My kids actually think based on education, training or skill defi­ ton, Mass., and I would like to call to the they're in the middle class. But I'm about ciencies, it might be excusable. No one wants attention of my colleagues the Stacks in­ two months away from the poverty stricken. or expects government to hire the unquali­ terview in the May 8 issue of Time with We need someone with guts, which I think fied. Basil Quirk, a longshoreman from South McGovern has got. But the federal bureaucracy's pattern of Boston, who supports Senator Mc­ Muskie? If he couldn't handle that guy exclusion is too obvious to be accidental; it Loeb, what will he do when he's really in goes clearly beyond any possible skill or GOVERN: trouble. He knew Loeb; he's lived next door. training reason. A BOSTON LONGSHOREMAN EXPLAINS I'd have liked it better if he'd gone to Loeb's It's our view the federal government's hir­ McGOVERN house, rung the bell and whacked him in ing patterns give convincing evidence of an (NOTE.-The early-form charts on this elec­ the nose. occupational caste system-a pattern of un­ tion would have placed Basil Quirk, 48, an Some of the guys where I work are Wallace lawful job exclusion within the same gov­ Irish Catholic longshoreman from South guys. They're going for McGovern. He's a ernment body charged with enforcing fair Boston, in the camp of Edmund Muskie, the class guy. He's got guts. hiring. We look now to Congress to recognize Polish Catholic from Maine. Or perhaps Hu­ this wrong and to right it. bert Humphrey, who dotes on organized la­ bor. Maybe even George Wallace, the some­ time Horatio of the hardhats. Those charts EQUAL EMPLOYMENT-KNBC have been proved wrong a number of times. EDITORIAL HOUSE JOINT RESOLUTION 1186 Basil Quirk, boxing fan, father of five, proud owner of a three-decker in one of Boston's most solidly working-class areas, is a firm and enthusiastic supporter of McGovern. HON. JEROME R. WALDIE HON. JOHN G. SCHMITZ Over a. dinner of roast beef, baked potatoes, OF CALIFORNIA OF CALIFORNIA rolls and pastries, Quirk told Time Corre­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES spondent John Stacks why:) Thursday, May 4, 1972 I was a. little bit mistaken a.bout Mc­ Thursday, May 4, 1972 Govern. I thought he had just a. following Mr. WALDIE. Mr. Speaker, in an edito­ Mr. SCHMITZ. Mr. Speaker, yesterday of the kids. But I went to hear him speak rial of April 6, 1972, San Francisco radio over at the Lithuanian club. He can talk to I introduced House Joint Resolution 1186, station KNBC aired the longstanding an amendment to the Constitution of the you on the local level. He picks up on things problem of job discrimination to the real quick, and he doesn't seem to need a United States which would specifically lot of counselors blowing in his ear. Members of Congress. This time though, affirm the right of all our citizens to their You know these other guys seem to for­ the charge of discriminatory hiring prac­ lives, from the moment of their concep­ get where they come from. They form a. kind tices is not aimed at the private sector, tion. Coincidentally, my amendment was of political royalty. They think they never but rather, in Federal Government introduced just 1 day after the gentle­ can get licked. All the wise guys and all the agencies. woman from New York (Mrs. ABZUG) in­ smart money lined up with Muskie. Now Mc­ I feel this apparent exclusion from the troduced her bill to deny the right to life Govern, he's gone around on a. pretty short job market of Mexican Americans in bankroll. If he can put this thing together, to our citizens who have been conceived, who will he owe? Who'd have ever flgured Federal agencies is disgraceful, partic­ but are not yet born. McGovern? He's set them all on their ear. ularly since we have legislated and en­ I have no intention of following her Today I'm working on a ship from Poland. forced, as best we could, equal employ­ costly example of :filling 137 pages of the I talk to foreign nationals all the time. The ment opportunities in the remaining job CONGRESSIONAL RECORD with inter­ other day this Norwegian guy says to me: market. minable arguments on this issue. But her "You know, Basil, America is so big, it can I here register my protest at this turn verbose case for killing unborn babies do anything it wants. But it's so big, it don't of events and wish to include the follow­ listen to the small people." Tha.,t hit me kind cannot be allowed to go unanswered. of good. ing editorial in the CONGRESSIONAL RE€l• The testimony immediately fallowing, These people forget they spend money to ORD, to facilitate exposure and correc­ presented to the Committee on Public sell themselves to us. To beg to represent tive action of this situation which might Health, Welfare, and Social Security of us. But when they get a. position, they for­ also be found in other agencies of the the Indiana State Senate by Charles E. get they represent people here and that we're Federal Government: Rice, professor of law at Notre Dame the ones that count. [ KNBC editorial J University, in opposition to an "abortion Now McGovern, he started down at the lower levels. At the grass roots so to speak. WHO WATCHES WASHINGTON? on demand" bill, includes a specific rec­ He's got a realistic understanding of what APRIL 6, 1972. ommendation of a U.S. constitutional politics is. He's got to be an honorable guy. For at least two years, the federal govern­ amendment such as I introduced yester­ Here in Southie, we got a feeling for each ment has been putting the heat on its sup­ day. After that, I call to your attention other you don't find many other places. pliers and contractors to do a better job of a brief statement of the reasons why McGovern seems to be a guy who fits in the recruiting and hiring Blacks, Mexican-Amer­ abortion is in truth murder, prepared by middle of Southie. You could bring him in icans and members of other ethnic minority Christians for Life in New York; a and have him to dinner and feel like he's groups. In many industries, the heat has been graphic description by a doctor of what part of the family. I think these farm­ effective. But apparently the federal bu­ state guys are more conservative, more down reaucracy hasn't felt any of its own heat, an abortion really is, excerpts from "A to earth. I don't think McGovern is that far because the federal government itself is lag­ Pro-Life Report on Population Growth from his origins. ging far behind everyone else in employment and the American Future," prepared by They say he's left wing. Hey, who's what equality. Randy Engel, who is demographic advisor today? When he gets in there, it's what he The feds has done pretty well pressuring for Women Concerned for the Unborn is that matters. He's got the kids. And when the private sector. Ethnic minority groups in Child, columnist for Pennsylvanians for he's in there, he's got to do the right thing. Southern California, with 27 percent of the Human Life, and executive director of They'll put a picket line on his lawn if he total population, hold over 24 percent of the doesn't. These kids are ha.rd to crap. area's 5 million jobs. By the way, these two National Vietnam Refugee Services; and What's the future of America? The kids-­ statistics alone don't show the great recent excerpts from "Handbook on Abortion" right? You've got to show them there is progress, nor do they show some pretty im­ by Dr. and Mrs. J.C. Willke, nationally something worthwhile here. If he can get pressive moves up the ladder of job respon­ known lecturers and writers on human these kids in line, maybe it's work out for sibility for minority workers. sexuality and reproduction, which de­ all of us. Maybe he can make America be- It's just too bad federal pressure doesn't cisively refute the three arguments most May 4, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 16025

commonly used to justify abortions-­ medical authority, affirmed this in an article there is a disposal problem. And it is not sur­ "mental health" of the mother, eliminat­ in the April, 1966 issue of Report: prising that in an abortion room the dignity ing "unwanted children," and the alleged "It is now of unquestionable certainty of life is not highly regarded. One widely cir­ ''population explosion": that a human being comes into existence culated photograph, which I show you here, precisely at the moment when the sperm shows the fully formed body of an aborted TESTIMONY OF CHARLES E. RICE combines with the egg. How do we know child lying in the bottom of a surgical bucket THE ISSUE this? From everything we know about on a bed of gauze pads soaked in his own The critical issue is whether an abortion genetics. When the sperm and egg nuclei blood. And you recall, of course, the recent involves the destruction of a hum.an life. If unite, all of the characteristics, such as the discovery of the bodies of aborted children one concedes that it does, then one can hard­ color of the eyes, hair, skin, that make a in a Los Angeles dump where they had been ly support a proposal to kill existing human unique personality, are laid down determina­ thrown after they had been experimented beings to suit the convenience or comfort tively. That's why a physician-even without upon in a medical laboratory. any kind of formal ethical education, moral of others (even in the most aggravated cir­ THE UNDERLYING PRINCIPLE cumstances of rape and incest) or because teaching or even philosophical sophistica­ those others consider the victim unfit to live. tion-relying solely on medical science, It is sometimes argued that, although the More precisely, the critical issue revokes knows, when he performs an abortion, that life of the child in the womb begins at con­ around the benefit of the doubt. Our law he is killing another human being. After all, ception, his life is not a human life. How­ and civilization have rested on the premise the fetus isn't mineral or vegetable or dog or ever, the child in the womb is the living off­ that the benefit of the doubt should always cat; nor is it part of mama, the way a leg or spring of human parents. What else can he be be accorded to life rather than death. Thus a tumor is part of mama." (Rather, A Doctor but human? He is neither dog nor cat nor we require proof beyond all reasonable doubt Talks About Abortion, 2-3) turnip. If we define him out of the human before we execute a criminal or even subject Dr. Bradley M. Patten of the University race, we will have embarked on the same him to fine or imprisonment. I believe that of Michigan Medical School described the road as the tyrannical regime of Nazi Ger­ I could prove to the satisfaction of an im­ process by which "a new individual life his­ many. partial observer that human life actually tory" is begun: The basic principle of the abortion move­ begins at the moment of conception. How­ "The reproductive cells which units to ment is precisely the principle that underlay ever, I do not have to sustain this burden. initiate the development of a new individual the Nazi exterinination of the Jews. It is the Rather, those who support liberalized abor­ are known as gametes ... the small, actively principle that an innocent human being can tion can do so only if they can say that, motile gametes from the male being called be k1lled if his existence ls inconvenient or beyond any and all reasonable doubt, human spermatozoa or spermla, and the larger, food uncomfortable to others or if those others life does not begin at the moment of con­ laden gametes formed within the female be­ deem him unfit to live. And if somehow you ception. If there is any doubt whatever, our ing termed ova. . . . The growth and mat­ do not concede that he is human you ought tradition and civilization dictate the resolu­ uration of the sex cells, the liberation of the at least to give him the benefit of the doubt. tion of that doubt in favor of innocent life ovum, and the transportation of the sperm If an innocent human being can be killed be­ rather than death. are all factors leading toward the actual cause he is too young, that is, he has not union of the gametes. It is the penetration of lived nine months from his conception, there THE CHILD IN THE WOMB IS A the ovum by a spermatozoon and the re­ is no reason in principle why he cannot be LIVING HUMAN BEING sultant mingling of the chromosomal mate­ k1lled because he is too old. Or too retarded. The child in the womb is in fact a human rial each brings to the union, that culminates Or too black. Or too politically undesirable. being from the moment of his conception. the process of fertilization and initiates the The philosophy is Nazi Germany's. And this This could easily be demonstrated at length. life of a new individual." (emphasis added) nation is adopting it. · rt is so clearly a scientific fact that we teach (Patten, Foundations of Embryology (1964), Incidentally, it is increasingly clear that it as such in our schools. As the fifth grade 35, 82; see Mietus, The Therapeutic Abortion the fusion of the abortion and population sex education text in the New York City Act; A Statement in Opposition (1967), 12) control movements involves the implicit school system flatly says, "Human life begins coercion of welfare clients and other poor when the sperm cells of the father and the THE REALITIES OF ABORTION persons to undergo abortion. The overtones egg cells of the mother unite." On the But people sometimes support abortion be­ of coercion are unmistakable when welfare eighteenth day after his conception his heart cause they do not realize what it Is. Until caseworkers "suggest" that their pregnant begins to beat. At 6Y:! weeks, when he weighs the twelfth week after conception, a common clients consider abortion to resolve their only 1/ 30 of an ounce, he has, in being, procedure ls dilation of the entrance to the problems and to ease the taxpayers' burden. every internal organ he will ever have as an uterus and curettage. Dr. Alan Guttmacher The idea seems to be to eliminate poverty adult. He then has a mouth with lips, a detailed this method in the Clinical Obste­ by eliminating the poor. Of course this is a tongue and buds for 20 milk teeth. trics and Gynecology Journal: form of genocide. Instead of working con­ At eight weeks his skeleton begins to form, "A sharp curette ls then inserted to the structively to alleviate poverty, the abortion with real bone replacing the earlier cartilage, top of the fundus with very little force, for proponents turn to the mindless and cruel and the electrical activity in his brain is it is during this phase that the uterus is solution of death for the heloless child in the detectable by electroencephalograph (EEG) . most likely to be perforated. Moderate force womb. Moreover, the experience in Japan, Incidentally, the lack of such detectable can be safely exerted on the down stroke. Sweden and Hungary indicates that legaliza­ brain activity is increasingly accepted as the The whole uterine cavity is curetted with tion of abortion does not decrease the number conclusive proof of death in the case of short strokes, by visualizing a clock and mak­ of "back-street" 1llegal abortions. donors of heart transplants and in other a stroke at each hour. The curette is then cases. If an adult is considered alive as long withdrawn several times bringing out pieces TWO AFFmMATIVE PROPOSALS as the EEG shows activity, how can the of placenta and sac. A small ovum forceps is First. The Constitution of the United child in the womb be considered anything then inserted and the cavity tonged for tissue, States can be amended if two-thirds of the less than a living human being when his much like an oysterman tonging for states propose an amendment and 1t is then brain activity is similarly detectable? Nor oysters.... In pregnancies beyond the seventh subinitted by Congress to the states and does the detection of brain activity at eight week, fetal parts are recognizable as they are ratified by three-fourths of the states. It is weeks mean that the child's life begins then. removed piecemeal." time to propose an amendment to the United Brain activity is the last sign of life to go, When Dr. Guttmacher mentions "fetal States Constitution to make it.s guarantees but it is not the first to come. Human life parts," he means an arm, a leg, a head and of due process of law and the equal pro­ is a continual process of development from other parts of what moments before was a tection of the laws applicable to the child conception to death. living, though small, human body. in the womb. This could be done by inserting At eleven weeks the child's nerves and Beyond the fourteenth week of pregnancy, "from the moment of conception" into the muscles begin to synchronize with his bones. the child can be killed In two ways. One Is relevant clauses of the Fifth and Fourteenth His arms and legs begin to move. to inject a salt or glucose solution into the Amendments. For example, "No person, from At twelve weeks hair begins to grow on his womb. As Dr. H.P. Dunn described it, "The the moment of conception, shall be ... de­ scalp and his teeth are forming in his gums. baby can be felt to make a few convulsive prived of life, liberty or property, without At sixteen weeks his mother feels him movements, and within a few minutes it dies. due process of law." And, "nor shall any State move. He kicks her with his feet, knees and In about twenty-four hours labor starts and deprive any person, from the moment of con­ elbows. He can already scratch himself, suck the already disintegrating baby ls delivered." ception, of life, liberty or property, without his thumb and even cry although he makes By this means, of course, the baby is simply due process of law; nor deny to any person, no sound because there is no air in the pickled alive. Sometimes the child is stm alive from the moment of conception, within its womb. when he emerges from the womb in this type jurisdiction the equal protection of the He can feel pain. If a needle is inserted of "salting out" abortion. He then dies as laws." Under any proper construction, the in the womb for any purpose and it touches intended, although at least one child in New Constitution already gives this protection to him, he will jump. York has survived this attempted murder the child in the womb. But it ought to be Clearly, the target of abortion is a. living and has been placed for adoption. made specific for two reasons: First, to pre­ human being. It might be useful here to The other technique of abortion is hyster­ vent any possible misconstruction that would canvass some of the scientific opinion on the otomy, where an incision is made in the permit the child in the womb, unlike his matter. Modern science has established that mother's abdomen and the child is lifted out. elder brethren, to be killed for the conven­ the life of every human being begins at Frequently the child is kicking and crying ience of others. Second, and more iinportant, conception. Dr. Herbert Ratner, a noted when he ls lifted from the womb. In all cases to serve an educational purpose through the 16026 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 4, 1972 campaign for amendment to carry the issue hood Association, an abortion "kills the life bible proves both Life and Soul present at clearly to the American people and to af­ of a. baby after it has begun." (aa David said) The Moment of Conception. ford them a clear opportunity to choose life And this finding of modern science, that • • • over death. life begins at conception, has been recognized Abortion is murder. The right to life Second. Article I, Section 23, of the In­ in the development of the civil law of prop­ comes directly from GOD. Do not fight de­ diana Constitution, provides that "The Gen­ erty and torts. As the New York Appellate formity by deforming your soul. Poverty is eral Assembly shall not grant to any citizen, Division said in 1953. no license to kill your son or daughter in the or class of citizens, privileges or immunities "We ought to be sa.fe in this respect in womb. Doctors who perform abortions are which, upon the same terms, shall not equal­ saying that leg,a.l separability should begin paid .As6a.ssins. ly belong to all citizens." If the proposed where there is biological separability. We abortion liberalization is enacted, then those know something more of the actual process In the words of St. Paul, "You a.re not your who have lived nine months from their con­ of conception and fetal development now own property. You ha.ve been bought and ception will be granted an immunity to be­ than when some of the common-law cases paid for. That is why you should use your ing killed which w111 be denied to citizens were decided; and what we know makes it possible to demonstrate clee.rly that separa­ body for the Glory of God." Corin. 6, 20. who have not lived nine months from their It is, indeed, the very matter of life which conception. It would be desirable to add to bility begins at conception." is at stake. Medical science has informed us Article I, Section 23, a provision as follows, • • • • • that at the moment of conception, there "nor shall any person, from the moment of "If the child born after an injury sus­ comes into being a unique human life in the his conception, be denied the equal protec­ tained at any period of his prenatal life can microscopically tiny egg cell. Contained in tion of the laws." prove the effeot on him of the tort . . . we this cell is the blueprint for the develop­ These proposed constitutional amendments held he makes out a right to recover." (Kelly ment of the whole human person, factors would not prevent the law from making rea­ v. Gregory, 282 App. Div. 542, 544, 545 (3rd which will influence the temperament, phy­ sonable distinctions on such matters as in­ Dept., 1953)). sique, eye, hair and skin color, and even in­ heritance rights and the right to sue. But Other scientific authorities a.re analyzed in tellectual capacity. This cell'.s tissue compo­ they would ensure that the child in the the District of Columbia case of Bon-brest sition is distinct from its mother's tissue and womb, as with older persons, would not be v. Kotz, where the court noted that, "From would be rejected from her body were it not subject to being killed for the convenience the viewpoint of the civil law and the law to be enclosed in the amniotic sac. or comfort of others or because those others of property, a child en ventre sa mere is not The unborn child's civil rights have in­ consider him unfit to live. They would con­ only regarded as a human being, but as such creasingly been recognized by the law. We re­ form the law to the realities of science. And from the moment of conception-which it is call, in particular, that case in which the their proposal by the Indiana legislature in fact." (Bonbrest v. Kotz, 65 F. Supp. 138, mother was forced by the courts against her would affirm the determination of our state 140 (D.C., Dist. Col., 1946); see the subse­ religious convictions to have a blood transfu­ to protect the liberty of all regardless of age quent authorities collected in Byrne, A Criti­ sion to maintain her baby's life. Likewise, or condition. cal Look at Legalized Abortion, 41 Los An­ the unborn child's rights of inheritance and Recently, California Medicine, the "Official geles Bar Bulletin 320 (1966)) medical or economic support, his right to re­ Journal of the California Medical Associa­ Nor is this recognition limited to cases cover damages for injury suffered in the tion", editorialized that the "traditional where the child ls ultimately born a.live. The womb are affirmed by the courts. In short, Western ethic" is being supplanted by a new majority of states that have considered this the law has cast itself in the role of safe­ ethic that will emphasize "the quality of question have ruled, for example, that a guarding the rights of the unborn. life" and that "it wtll become necessary and stillborn child may, through his represent­ Law is an educator. If it allows the de­ acceptable to place relative rather than ab­ ative, maintain a legal action for his wrong­ struction of unwanted life, it unavoidably solute values on such things as human ful death caused by injuries inflicted on him teaches that life is cheap. lives." Then the editorial uncovered the rea­ while he was in the womb. (see Maledon, A final quote from Isaiah, "Woe to the son why abortion proponent$ have evaded Note, The Law and the Unborn Child: The legislators of infamous laws, to those who is­ the real issue and have clouded their case in Legal and Logical Inconsistencies, Notre sue tyrannical decrees, who refuse justice to subterfuge: Dame Lawyer, Vol. 46, 349, 359 (1971); Byrn, the unfortunate." "Since the old ethic has not yet been fully Abortion-on-Demand: Whose Morality?, Isa.ia.h 10, 1 displaced it has been necessary to separate Notre Dame Lawyer, Vol. 46, 5 (1970)) the idea of abortion from the idea of kill­ Surely, therefore, the thrust of the law has THE REALITY OF ABORTION ing, which continues to be socially abhorrent. been to keep pace with in.creased scientific (By Tom Pawllck) The result has been a curious avoidance of knowledge and to recognize the chlld in the the scientific fact, which everyone really womb for what he is-a living human be­ What is the reality of abortion-the reality knows, that human life begins at conception ing. seen in this light, the abortion move­ on which legislators are being called upon and is continuous whether intra- or extra­ ment is a retrogressive throwback running to determine by their vote? uterine until death. The very considerable counter to the modernizing trend of the "I've performed two abortions,'' said Dr. semantic gymnastics which are required to law. Richard V. Jaynes, an obstetrician-gynecolo­ rationalize abortion as anything but taking gist in private practice in Detroit for 19 a human life would be ludicrous if they were years. ABORTION Is MURDER not often put forth under socially impec­ "Both were accidents resulting from errors cable auspices. It is suggested that this (By Christians for Life) in diagnosis. schizophrenic sort of subterfuge is neces­ If you think God Failed to inform us as "Every doctor is bound to make an error sary because while a new ethic is being ac­ to when the soul enters into life, then specu­ sometime. I admit mine,'' he concluded. cepted the old one has not yet been rejected." late on the following passages from the Old "In one of them, I had no idea there was {Emphasis added) (California Medicine, sept. Testament Jeremiah 1,5, "before I formed a fetus inside the patient's uterus until I 1970, 67-68) you in the womb I knew you, before you came drew out a detached arm, still moving at The acceptance by society of what is es­ to birth I consecrated you." Job 31, 15 "God the elbow. Personally, it was one of the most sentially the Nazi ethic is neither progressive shaped us all within our mother" Jeremiah sickening experiences I've ha.d in practicing nor inevitable. The abortion trend, the legali­ and Job credited God with our creation in medicine," he said. zation of the killing of innocents for con­ the womb. Eve also credits God in Genesis In standard abortion procedure however. venience, can be reversed. We can begin that 4.2 "I have acquired a ma.n with help of it's norm.al. There are two methods com­ reversal here in Indiana. We can affirm that Ya.hew" (God). monly used to destroy an unborn child-a innocent life is not negotiable. And we can God does not credit human life that is not suction apparatus procedure used to about reestablish the basic equal! ty of all before bound to eternity, therefore, the soul must four-weeks after conception, and curettage. the law. be present at conception. To prove this we "The suction apparatus involved the cre­ THE TREND OF THE LAW, APART FROM ABORTION refer to David in the Old Testament who ation of a powerful vacuum in a tube. The LIBERALIZATION, IS TO RECOGNIZE THE HU­ claimed he was A Sinner From The Moment tube is inserted in the woman's uterus and MANITY AND RIGHTS OF THE CHILD IN THE of Conception. Psalms 51, 5. what's inside is drawn through it into a bottle. WOMB • • • • "The vacuum is so powerful that the proc­ As the highest court of New Jersey sum­ To be in sin indicates the presence of a ess ts almost instantaneous. "You hardly see marized the state of scientific knowledge, soul. According to the New Testament, Jesus the fetus as it zips through the tube." "Medical authorities have long recognized 1s conceived at once. He did not become "After about 10 to 12 weeks, however, the that a child is in existence from the moment Jesus, a week, a month, or many months developing child has grown too large and of conception." (Smith v. Brennan, 31 N.J. later. He 1s Jesus at once. (you are you at solid to pass through the suction apparatus. 353, 362, 157 A 2d 497, 502 (1960)). These once). After that point curettage ls generally used.'' and other authorities bear witness to the Mary the Mother o! Jesus immediately goes he continued. scientific facts that the child in the womb to Ellze.beth who is six months pregnant. is a human being from the moment of con­ Elizabeth rejoices in the presence of her LIMB BY LIMB ception and that, in the words of a pam­ Lord. Even though Mary is pregnant only a. "A roughly spoon-shaped instrument called phlet issued in 1963 by the Planned Parent- matter of days. In unmtstaken terms the the curette about 10 inches long and with May 4, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 16027 for greater financial support from govern­ .sharp edges is inserted into the uterus. The The Federal Government and Abortion­ Clearly, there is ample evidence to substan­ ment. child inside is cut into pieces and pulled or "For the first time in a decade," he re­ scooped out limb by limb." Dr. Jaynes said. tiate the charge that the Federal government "In order for the members to be removed, is promoting and financing a Malthusian ported, "gifts to affiliates failed to grow, and of course, the doctor must stretch the uter­ ideology which views abortion as a legitimate gifts to national headquarters fell off." ine opening. It isn't dilating of its own ac­ birth control technique for omitted con­ Big Money in Abortion cord as it would in a normal birth. traception or contraception failure, or to To what extent Planned Parenthood's "It can't be stretched too far, however, and control "unwanted fertility, and that there activities in abortion will help boost its in order to pass larger parts like the head, is in fact a very real relationship between lagging financial resources ls, of course, un­ they must be crushed. Some doctors use a abortion and other anti-Ufe activities, and answerable 8lt the time. ring forceps. an explicit government population policy of Clearly, however, abortion in general is a "After a legal abortion, in a hospital, the 'stabilization' or reduced population growth, very lucrative field, as Dr. Irwin H. Kaiser, pieces are sent to the pathology la.b for which the Commission on Population Growth chief of obstetrics-gynecology at Lincoln study. In lllegal abortions, the most com­ and the American Future will propose in its Hospital in New York ("famous" for its large mon practice is to throw the parts in a slnk's final report. out-patient abortion fac111ties) pointed out garbage disposal. PLANNED PARENTHOOD to the abortion esta.blisib.ment at the Los "Curettage is rarely used after 14 weeks "Planned Parenthood Federation of Angeles symposium mellltioned earlier. of pregnancy. At that stage of development America (also known as Planned Parenthood­ When asked about the financing and costs a hysterotomy ls used as a kind of abdomi­ World Population) is the largest private of the owt-pe.tient clinic, Kaiser sad.d that it nal surgery similar to Caesarean section. organization in the family planning field" was impossible to give an accurate account­ "Technically, however, by 24 weeks you states the Dept. of HEW in its Five Year ing of who got what from where and that have to call it a premature birth, not an Plan (emphasis added). they did a certain amount of midnight abortion. There have been instances where "Over the past few years, our organization requisitioning. He then went on to say "We babies born that early have survived. I think (PP-WP) has entered a new and invigorat­ have vastly more than recouped this ( about 2 percent do. ing era of public-private partnership. The $65,000) by now. At $160 per patient, this is "I know personally, in my own practice, of passage of the Family Planning Services and a substantial money-maker for the hospital three babies born that early who survived to Population Research Act of 1970 signalled a and, obviously, if we were prepared to step live normal lives. In abortion, of course, the milestone in the development of this part­ into the competitive New York market, where premature child ls not permitted to survive. nership, dovetailing the efforts of public abortions go as high as $1,500, we probably "As far as the child's development is con­ agencies with our own in a framework of a would make a substantial kllling, if I may cerned it, of course, varies. No two are alike. greatly-expanded commitment of Federal use that expression. (Great laughter from "From about two weeks after conception funds. And a second milestone was reached audience!) onwards, the fetus is in almost constant mo­ tn the past several months with preparation Planned Parenthood Abortion Clinics tion. It can respond to moments of stress, a by the Dept. of HEW of the first nationwide decrease in its oxygen for example, by mov­ five-year plan for family planning services As of 1971, Planned Parenthood was opera­ ing faster. If you stick a needle into the bag ... " (testimony of John C. Robbins, Chief ting at least three abora.torlums, including of water to remove a little sample fluid and Executive Officer, Planned Parenthood-World an out-patient center in Alameda-San touch the baby-it jumps. Francisco area for "low-income•' patients, a "By eight weeks it has all its organs, legs, Population in favor of S.J. Res. 108 on Octo­ ber 14, 1971) (emphasis added). clinic in Syracuse, and one in New York arms, feet, hands, ears and looks like a hu­ which wlll perform 9,000-10,000 low cost man being. It often sucks its thumb at this Government Grants abortions per year. stage. Which of these two sta,tements comes In New York City, Planned Parenthood "There is a definite heart beat. It waves closer to the truth? operates a Family Planning Services Infor­ its arms and legs and, if removed from the Is Planned Parenthood primarily a private n;,.ation Service for the city, which gives in­ uterus, often struggles to take a breath into organization with limited governmental formation and makes referrals for birth con­ its lungs. It answers all the ordinary criteria funding, or, is it in fact a quasi-governmental trol, voluntary sterilization, and abortion for for life. agency with a shrinking public support in city residents. TWO HOURS TO DIE the form of unrestricted contributions? Abortion Counseling "Frequently a three-month-old-fetus re­ Since Planned Parenthood not only en­ moved from the uterus will struggle for life gages in abortion referral and counseling, "Across the nation, 181 Planned Parent­ as long as two or three hours. It won't be too but also operates abortion clinics of its own, hood affiliates were involved in abortion long before we'll be able to put that fetus in the question of the extent of the use of tax­ counseling," says PP-WP medical director an artificial placenta and save it. "Research­ payer's money is of considerable importance. (NY) Dr. George Langmyhr.M Planned ers have already done it with sheep. In 1970, PPFA, Inc., (not including affili­ Parenthood, Milwaukee, for example has re­ "At about five months, or shortly after, the ates) received the following amounts: ceived a $150,000 grant from HEW which child is capable of making feeble cries. They Approx. $2.6 million in unrestricted con­ was matched by $75,000. This permitted PP to make them when they're being destroyed tributions; $2.4 million in restricted con­ increase its services by 50% to include con­ sometimes.'' tributions; and $.8 million in other sources traception, sterilization and "abortion "These, obviously, a.re the only defense which equals $5.8 mlllion in total public sup­ referral". mechanism an infant has, visibility and audi­ port and $1 million in grants from Govern­ According to PP, abortion counseling and bility." ment agencies. referral are "educational and political" as What about the mother in an abortion According to Planned Parenthood's presi­ well as purely "service", that is, a total pro­ operation? dent, Dr. Alan Guttmacher, reporting in his gram aimed at educating the public so as "An abortion is major surgery," said Dr. personal newsletter of June 18, 1971, to "mold a new attitude" toward abortion· Jaynes. "It requires anesthesia., which is al­ "Government funding has permitted affili­ to "increase the number of therapeutic abor: ways somewhat dangerous. But the most ates (PP) to open numerous satellite clinics tions performed under the law in the Bay serious danger is that of hemorrhage. Espe­ and employ indigenous people as Planned area and throughout California; and to work cially with curettage you run the risk of Parenthood workers to teach family planning for further liberalization of the law" and puncturing the uterus. in their own neighborhood. The Washington other objectives. The Center for Family Planning Program DANGEROUS office reports that in 1970-71, 125 affiliate projects shared $10,057,273, exclusive of Development is a key Planned Parenthood "This is a common accident in illegal abor­ Medicaid payments. The lion's share (over agency established in 1968 to pioneer meth­ tions, performed by men who aren't even ods of program planning for community-wide doctors. There is also danger of infection, al­ $9.25 million) was provided by the Federal family planning programs and is financed though that's lessened in legal abortions per­ government in a roughly 5 to 3 ratio between primarily through foundation grants. formed in a reputable hospital. OEO and HED" ...... Last year the Center conducted a survey Dr. Guttma.cher goes on to state th&t gov­ "But legal or lllegal, statistics show it is in the Pittsburgh metropolitan area and re­ ernmental funding on each occasion requires vealed that there were an estimated 57,000 definitely more dangerous than childbirth to new matching funds, usually 25 % , and that the mother. To the child, of course, it is the women who want and/ or need family plan­ "these government grants free unrestricted ultimate danger--death." ning services. This survey resulted in a $1,- citizens' contributions to finance new areas 000,000 grant from the Dept. of HEW to the of service excluded from government sub­ Family Planning Council of Southwestern A PRO-LIFE REPORT ON POPULATION GROWTH sidy." (emphasis added). Pennsylvianla, Inc. AND THE AMERICAN F'uTuRE Planned Parenthood Finances Lagging Magee-Womens Hospital, in Pittsburgh, Ia (By Randy Engel) one of the 25 health related agencies asso­ In Planned. Parenthood. Report, issued 1n ciated with the Council. For behold, days a.re coming in which men Maroh-April 1971, Dr. Outtm.acher high­ According to its 1971 Annual Report, Ma­ will say "Blessed are the barren, and the lighted the activities of PP-WP and t,'ts affil­ gee-Womens Hospital is dedicated to "the wombs that never bore, and breasts that iates for 1970 and took note of their increased conception, gestation and birth of a healthy never nursed.... Luke, 23.29 services and expanded activities, and the need wanted baby in an environment where h~ t ; r 16028 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 4, 1972 can develop to his maximum potential." involves the use of welfare recipients and mi­ children who, under more normal circum­ ( emphasis added) . Toward this end, Magee­ nority poor for human guinea. pigs without stances, would be accepted and welcomed Womens, the largest non-governmental informed consent. into the family. Hence, it is likely that gov­ maternity service hospital in the country, The Southwest Foundation has received ernment promotion of family limitation will aborted 1,709 unborn children last year. from the Federal government a three year result in more, not fewer, unwanted chil­ ABORT IFAClENT RESEARCH grant of $913,000 for the study of steroids. dren. A portion of the research, carried on by Dr. This is the case in contemporary Japanr This filtering down of Federal funds to Joseph Goldzieher, involved the physiological where prior to 1948, a pro-natalist policy was hospitals performing abortions-on-demand is or psychologically induced effects of the Pill. in effect and "unwanted children" were prac­ in keeping with HEW Secretary Elliott Rich­ In a Hasting Center report published in the tically non-existent. Today, there are many ardson's 1970 statement that "I don't antic­ Spring of 1971 by the Institute of Society, fewer births in Japan but the number of ipate that we (HEW) would take a position Ethics and the Life Sciences, an article writ­ "unwanted children" has increased, as evi­ on this (legalized abortion) as a. Federal ten by Robert M. Veatche, entitled "Experi­ denced by an increasing number of child agency, beyond saying, in effect that, one; it mental Pregnancy" explained Dr. Goldzie­ beatings, exposures and pa.rental neglect by is primarily a matter for state -action and, her's mode of operation. mothers and. fathers who a.re busy with other two; that in general we believe that m_edicaZ Poor, multipa.rous Mexican-American things. services in cases where a pregnancy is un­ women had come to the San Antonio, Texas, wanted or where it is medically undesirable ABORTION & GOVERNMENT BIRTH CONTROL clinic for birth prevention devices and in­ PROGRAMS should be available to women without undue structions. Seventy-six of these who were told legislati ve restrictions." ( emphasis added) they were reacting to the Pill were given This may also help to account for the fact In the area of abortion research, federal placebos while others received a variety of that massive government programs of contra­ funds a.re being funneled into the Contracep­ hormonal compounds including sqme con­ ception, intended in part to reduce national tive Development Branch (CDB) of the Cen­ taining chlormadlnore acetate progestln (re­ abortion rates, do just the opposite. ter for Population Research (CPR)-a. unit of cently banned from all further human inves­ This has been the experience of Chile (San­ the National Institute for Child Health and tigation because of bad side effects in bea­ tiago region), Korea, and Taiwan-all of Human Development (NHI) of the Depart­ gles) . Of the women on placebos, ten became which have, since the early 1960s, been ta.k­ ment of HEW. pregnant and remained so because, according ing pa.rt in massive IUD programs promoted The CDB, which last year received a full to Dr. Goldzleher, "We could have aborted and financed by the United States' Agency time director according to Science Magazine them if the abortion statute in Texas weren't for International Development (AID), the (March 26, 1971) ls reviewing a number of in limbo right now!" Rockefeller Foundation, the Population contracts relating to abortion including one The Ha.stings Report raised many excellent Council, and the Ford Foundation. "to explore the use of microwaves and ultra­ ethical questions relating to the injustice of According to a special ASA report, Inter­ sound in performing abortions." uninformed consent and asked why it is al­ national Consultants' Report 1970, in greater The development of prostaglandins, i.e., ways the poor that must be the subject of ex­ urban Santiago, Chile, the abortion rate in for use as abortifacients, which according to periments of this kind instead of the re­ 1961 was 15.5 % of all pregnancies. By 1966, Dr. Reimert Ravenholt of the Agency for searchers' wives and daughters. the rate had increased to 20.1 % of all preg­ International Development will be very suit­ nancies "in spite of the use of contracep­ able in developing countries because they act PRIVATE OR PUBLIC MORALITY? tion." through "post-conceptive (hindsight) means But the dangers of Neo-Ma.lthusia.nism Asian abortions on the increase of fertility control." has been given top are not only related to the poor, for the In Korea, 74% of patients on oral contra­ priority in AID, which invested some three ideology which it promotes is a challenge to ceptives have had induced abortions ... and million dollars in prostaglandin research in the entire Judaeo-Christia.n community­ 58% who have discontinued use of the IUD 1969. (Population Council) . regardless of economic circumstance. have also experienced induced abortion ... This is presented as being only a small por­ Neo-Ma.lthusia.ns can never deliver on their the article then notes "The proportion of tion of the Federal government's involve­ promises-to ensure only wanted ch1ldren in wives practicing contraception prior to and/ ment in abortion which ls being subsidized a family, to build marital happiness, to erad­ or after induced abortion is much higher by the American taxpayer-an involvement icate "illegal" abortions and veneral disease, than those who have never had an induced which will increase, as Dr. Hellman suggests, and to promote the welfare of the commu­ abortion." if the government adopts a population pol­ nity. For theirs is an ideology based only Taiwan over the la.st three yea.rs has ex­ icy, and if HEW's Five Year Family Planning on secular humanism and crass hedonism­ perienced an increase in the number of in­ and Population Research program goes un­ the adoption of which gnaws away at the duced abortions. "These findings lead to an challenged. backbone of moral virtue and strong family impression that promotion of family plan­ OEO CONTROVERSY life based on fidelity and sacrifice and love. ning may in fact increase abortion, particu­ Since the root of the abortion problem Not a sacred cow larly at the initial stage of the program when is the government's promotion of Neo-Mal­ The Federal government has no right to a large proportion of women are anxious to thusianism or Planned Parenthood ethics keep their families small, yet are unable to as a matter of PUBLIC POLICY, I will there­ adopt it as a national credo without first avoid unwanted pregnancies completely:• fore addres.s myself to this problem-even fully debating all the implications for so­ (emphasis added) (pg. 4). while abortion is excluded as a method of ciety, particularly those relating to family stability which Neo-Malthusianism tends to "VOLUNTARY" FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS FOR family planning. THE POOR By 1971, the Office of Economic Opportuni­ break down, rather than build up. Instead of ties had received some 26 million dollars for increasing its involvement in family plan­ As for the argument that prohibiting gov­ programs relating to family planning, a por­ ning, the Federal government must begin ernment promoted birth control programs rob tion of which has been given to PP affiliates phasing itself out, starting with a divorce of the poor of the "freedom" to limit their to carry on such programs. all family planning policies from welfare. numbers, it should be noted that under title In one specific case, Planned Parenthood Government programs in the area tend in­ 19 of the Social Security Act, mothers are of san Diego rejected a sum of $150,000 for herently to invade privacy and, ultimately, free to go to their own physicians, and free 1972 from the OEO through its OEO office. the right to live. to get family planning advice under total According to a report in a San Diego press At the Second World Population Confer­ medical care, which is as it should be. release, the Executive Director of the Eco­ ence, held in Belgrade in 1965, a Korean offi­ The constant problem of the Malthusians nomic Opportunity Center said, "The orga­ cial pointed out the relationship between since the days of Thomas Malthus is not get­ nization (PP) is in non-compliance because government promotion of family limitation ting birth control information to the poor but one-third of the board ls supposed to rep­ and abortion when he stated that a nation convincing the poor Lha.t they need to limit resent the poor of the community. This is which launches a birth control campaign births, as evidenced by the candid statement hardly the case." He also stated, "PP has owes it to the citizens to liberalize abortion of Dr. David L. Crane of the Sarasota County always ignored OEO guidelines to adequately laws to a certain extent. There will be many Health Department which was entered into represen t the poor. They would not follow unwanted pregnancies, he explained, and the hearing report of Family Planning Serv­ the guidelines for a 'racially balanced dis­ the people should have a method of meeting ices. trict'", to which a PP representative this problem (emphasis added). The fact is "I speak for every area, not just for this answered that PP does not int end to do so that once the government puts itself into the county. I do not know any areas in the a.nd therefore 1it plans to reject the OEO business of promoting contraception, it will county where anyone has found a formula. grant. be held responsible for subsequent failures. that will get mo-re than 25 % of the needy What we see in effect here is a "democrati­ The establishment of tax-supported nation­ patients served at an acceptable cost which zation" of birth control techniques intended wide aboratorlums, which has alreday been could be applied nationwide. Meanwhile, the to limit the poor wh1le the power remains in proposed by the abortion establishment, is a other 75 % who are not served a.re inundat­ the hands of the Malthusian elite. very real possibility in the not-too-distant ing us with another generation of indigents. future. This indeed is a serious problem! I hope some Must the poor be guinea pigs? The problem is further complicated by the of the one billion to be provided will be Another specific injustice relating to fed­ fact that anti-population propaganda. tends utilized ($1,100 million allocated in 1970 erally sponsored family planning programs to increase the reluctance of parents to bear Family Planning Act) to find solutions to the 16029 May 4, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS fact being done for serious psychiatric rea­ the fact that there was no major mental ill­ problem of how to get patients to accept ness in the first place. our free service!" sons. Q. What would be a serious psychiatric Q. Are you saying that mental illness is ABORTION OPENS DOOR TO ANTI-LIFE FORCES reason? usually Just an excuse for an abortion? Given the "nature of the beast", I believe A. Frank Ayd, M.D., medical editor and A. We are saying exactly that. the Commission on Population Growth will nationally known psychiatrist has said: Q. But don't several physicians usually come out in favor of an explicit population "True psychiatric reasons• for abortion have have to certify that there is mental illness? policy directed at 'stablizing' the American become practically non-existent. Modern A. In practice, the need for certification by population rather than a report centered on psychiatric therapy has made it possible to several physicians (psychiatrists or non-psy­ the ways in which America can accommo­ carry a mentally ill woman to term." chiatrists) to authorize an abortion has been date a very moderate, indeed a very low It can be flatly stated that no mental dis­ a blatant, premeditated, open-door vehicle level, of population growth if immigration is ease known to man can be cured by abor­ by which abortion-on-demand has come to taken into consideration. In turn, an accept­ tion. The most that can be said is that pos­ be a reality in several states. Any physician ance of the Commission's recommendations sible mental breakdowns or complications can find three other physicians who will sign will in fact be an acceptance of Neo-Mal­ might be prevented by abortion. To predict a document testifying to the need for an thusianism as an American way of life­ this accurately, however, is quite frankly be­ abortion for mental health. Any physician with all of its attendant evils including per­ yond the competence of ordinary men, and can also find three other physicians who missive abortion, contraceptive sterilization, we include psychiatrists in this group. There would never sign such a document. This re­ euthanasia, infanticide, and genetic engi­ are so many variables, people are so different, quirement has proved to be totally mean­ neering. and react in so many different ways, that no ingless. one, no matter what his training, can accu­ Medical opinion is deeply divided as to Coming-compulsory population control whether psychiatric reasons can ever justify It is not merely co-incidence that one of rately predict what effect a pregnancy or an abortion will have on a woman. an abortion. Planned Parenthood's most zealous leaders Q. What if a woman has a psychosis, is is also a board member of the Abortion Rights Q. That's one opinion. Can you cite other authorities? pregnant, and needs shock treatments. Association of New York, Inc., a member of Shouldn't she be aborted? the Medical and Public Health Committee of A. Dr. Theodore Litz, Yale University Psy­ chiatrist, has said: "It is practically impossi­ A. Pregnancy does not rule out the use of the Association for Voluntary Sterilization, almost any known psychi3f1iric therapy, in­ Inc., is on the Advisory Council of the Eutha­ ble to predict when an abortion will not be more detrimental to the mental health of cluding electric shock. nasia Education Fund, and is a board mem­ Q. But don't some women have psychotic ber of the Pathfinder Fund. Abortion-Con­ the mother than carrying her child to birth." Dr. R. Bruce Sloan of Temple University breakdowns after delivering a baby? traceptive Sterilization-Euthanasia-Popu­ A. Yes. Post partum psychosis is relatively lation Control-all are closely related anti­ (who would permit abortions), writing in the New England Journal of Medicine, May common following childbirth. It, however, is life activities which will be promoted and almost entirely unpredictable. It does not financed by the Federal government unless 29, 1969, said: "There are no unequivocable psychiatric indications for abortion." He bear any particular relationship to whether steps are taken now to divorce Malthusian­ or not a woman had mental trouble during ism from government policy. The eventuality stated further that if the pregnancy is not interrupted, "The risk of flare-up or precipi­ her pregnancy. It frequently occurs in a of compulsory birth control, abortion, sterili­ woman who was entirely mentally stable dur­ tation of psychosis is small and unpredicta­ zation and death control also must be con­ ing her pregnancy. ble, and suicide is rare." sidered, once such "voluntary" programs are Q. Are there any bad mental after-effects Q. Suicide is rare? I thought it was com­ put into effect and protected by law. from abortion? mon in women who were refused abortion. A. There certainly are. In Chapter Ten we A. This is an oft-repeated fallacy. Suicide quoted a recent British study reporting on HANDBOOK ON ABORTION am.ong pregnant women is extremely rare. eight ma,ternal abortion deaths, noting that (By Dr. & Mrs. J.C. Willke) Several well-controlled studies have shown two of them were suicide deaths after the conclusively that the actual incidence of sui­ abortion had been performed. MENTAL HEALTH cide among pregnant women is less than one­ Q. Is this common? "Maternal mental health was the com­ fourth that of the general female popula­ A. In your authors' experience, we have monest indications for hospital abortion in tion of the same age. (See p. 45 Minnesota). seen no cases of suicide from refused abor­ 1969, accounting for 93.7% of all cases."­ Q. That's hard to believe. tion, but do know of one suicide produced by Abortion Surveillance Report, Annual Sum­ A. A good example comes from Sweden. In gull t feelings after an abortion. & mary U.S. Dept. of Health, Education a series of 344 women who were refused legal Q. Do these guilt feelings come from re­ Welfare. abortion in Sweden for a variety of reasons ligious beliefs? Q. How new is mental health as an indi­ 62 specifically stated that they would com~ A. Certainly there are gull t feelings relat­ cation for abortion? mit suicide. It was determined that none of ing to religious beliefs, but most guilt feel­ A. It is quite new and has been spoken of them did. (Abortion and Psychiatry, Richard ings subsequent to abortion have little to do only in the last few years. Since the decline Vaughan, Dept. of Psychology, Univ. of San with sectarian religious beliefs. Abortion vio­ and virtual disappearance of therapeutic Francisco.) lates something very basic in a woman's na­ abortion of the type that once was neces­ Q . But does Sweden's experience compare ture. She normally ls the giver of life. Most sary to save the life of the mother, many to that of the United States? women who are pregnant are quite aware of major university hospitals have gone a dec­ A. It would certainly be comparable to the the fact that they have a baby growing ade or more without doing a single thera­ experience of many of our states or large within them. Most women who have an abor­ peutic abortion. For instance, the University cities. Perhaps a good comparison would be tion feel that they have killed their baby. Hospital of the College of Medicine at the to compare Sweden with Minnesota. Both Sometimes there is an almost irresolvable University of Cincinnati did not do a single have relatively similar population groups; guilt, continuing self reproach, and depres­ therapeutic abortion for fifteen years prior both have generally excellent medical care. sion. A good counselor would be of help to a to 1968. This experience is not unusual. (W. Q. But some pregnant women do commit woman during a trying time like this, but Stone, Dept. of Psychiatry, U. of c., Feb., suicide, don't they? the woman who has had an abortion doesn't 1971.) A. Minnesota ls the source of some of the always come to a counselor. Already in 1951, Dr. R. J. Hefferman, of figures on maternal suicides. Their suicides A wise psychiatrist has said that it is easier Tufs University, speaking to the Congress of pregnant women have averaged about one to scrape the baby out of the mother's womb of the American College of Surgeons, said: per year. It is interesting to note that almost than to scrape the thought of that baby out "Anyone who performs a therapeutic abor­ three-fourths of these have occurred in of her mind. tion (for physical disease) is either ignorant women who have not seen a psychiatrist. As Q. Most guilt feelings aren't religious then? of modern methods of treating the compli­ Dr. Frank Ayd mentioned in the question A. No. This was well expressed in a letter cations of prenancy, or is unwilling ,to take above, when women are under competent to the Editor of the A.M.A. News, Aug. 1970, tiine to use them." psychiatric care, they can be adequately sup­ by Mrs. Brian McGivern: Q. So abortion is rarely necessary today to ported through their pregnancies. Abortion "If guilt feelings are not always perma­ save a mother's life? for "mental health" is in some areas fre­ nent, how often? How often and how long A. Yes, abortion is almost never necessary quently approved by psychiatrists, which will a woman be thankful for the abortion­ adds one more paradox to the confusing ist's action: through menopause? If she has anymore. abortion scene in this country. Q. But isn't it sometimes necessary to pre­ no more children? when she sees a. child What occurs at times today is tha.t the serve her mental health? whose age would have been her own? If she psychiatrist. who should be capable of help­ had the abortion under emotional stress, will A. The word "mental health" is so broad ing the woman through her pregnancy by and vague as to be almost mea..nJ.ngless. In she be grateful to the doctors who refused to virtue of his skill, may advise an abortion. refer her to a decent agency which could have fact, in the last few years, it has become This doesn't cure the psychiatric illness, be­ helped her rather? I would not. a. catch-all reason for which all sorts of ing at best only symptomatic treatment. Most You might not have to hospitalize me !or 1n abortions have been justified, only rarely commonly, after such an encounter, there 1s my severe guilt feelings but I'd never forget, no follow-up psychiatric treatment. To most after getting out of the stressful situation, that some abortionists have encouraged me Footnotes at end of article. inquiring minds, this would seem to confirm to 16030 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 4, 1972 take the easy way out and let me pay the has opened a Pandora's box of abortion-on­ and comes to anticipate the birth of her penalty." demand. It bears serious reconsideration by child. After more than twenty years of med­ Q. Are there any good studies reporting on those states that have incorporated this ical practice, your author personally can say mental health damage from abortion? phrase into their laws, and almost certainly without hesitancy that he has seen many A. In 1966, the Council of the Royal College it should be stricken from them. unwanted pregnancies, but has yet to see the of Obstetrics and Gynecology in England re­ Q. Give more details on Minnesota? first unwanted newborn child. If we permit ported on a survey of this problem at that A. In a detailed report of the Minnesota abortion for an unwanted pregnancy, we will time, and said: experience from 195o-65 (Minnesota Mater­ be destroying vast numbers of children, who, "The incidence of serious permanent psy­ nal Mortality Committee, Dept. of OB & Gyn, by the time of their birth and through their chiatric aftermath (from abortion) is vari­ University of Minnesota,} entitled "Criminal childhood would have been very dearly ously reported as being from between 9 and Abortion Deaths, Illegitimate Pregnancy wanted and deeply loved children indeed. 59%." Deaths, and Suicides in Pregnancy (Ameri­ If the judgment of being wanted at an Q. How about in the United States? can Journal of OB & Gyn, 6/1/67) the fol­ early stage of pregnancy were a final Judg­ A. Dr. Paul Gebhart, who did the pioneer­ lowing facts are reported: ment, and abortions were permitted freely, ing work in human sexuality with Dr. Alfred There were only 14 suicides of pregnant a high percentage of everyone reading this Kinsey and who is known as one of the fore­ women in the state of Minnesota in 15 years, book would never have been born. most authorities in this field in the United or one for every 93,000 live births. Four were Q. But what if a mother delivered a baby States, in testifying before the New Jersey first pregnancies. None were illegitimately that she really didn't want? legislature in 1968, said that there was evi­ pregnant. A. The federal judges who, in January, dence of prolonged psychiatric trauma in Ten of these women committed suicide 1971, ruled the Ohio abortion law to be con­ 9 % of a sample of American women who after delivery, only four while pregnant, stitutional spoke very eloquently to this. had abortion induced therapeutically or leading to the author's comment, "The fetus They said: criminally. in utero must be a protective mechanism. "Equating the necessity of giving birth to Q. I'm not sure that much of this guilt Perhaps women are reluctant to take another a child with the necessity of rearing the business isn't an unconscious replay of old life with them when they do this." child has no foundation in law or fa.ct. The Christian ethics. How a.bout a non-Christian Twelve of the 14 were psychotic depres­ law may take permanently from its natural culture? sions. Two were schizophrenics. Only four pa.rents a child who is neglected by them, A. Japan has had abortion-on-demand for had seen a psychiatrist. and the frequent hesitancy of courts and so­ 22 years and ls certainly not a Christian cul­ Male suicides during these years averaged cial agencies in this regard does not change ture. A number of major surveys have been 16 per 100,000 population. Non-pregnant the legal situation. Statutes of practically done there in recent years. female suicides averaged 3.5 per 100,000 and all states provide for the voluntary surrender In 1963, the Aichi survey reported that pregnant female suicides 0.6 per 100,000. of children. When the statutes are com­ 73.1 % of women who had been aborted felt The authors conclude that therapeutic plied With, the child is legally and practically "anguish" a.bout what they did. abortion for psychiatric reasons "seems a as dead to its natural parents as if it had In 1964, Dr. Tatsuo Kasekl's report stated most nebulous, non-objective, non-scientific been aborted, stillborn, or had died in in­ that 59% felt that abortion was something approach to medicine. It would seem that fancy. The validity and effectiveness of sur­ "very evil" and only 8% though that it was psychiatrists would accomplish more by us­ render statutes has been upheld in every case not "something bad." ing the available modalities of their special­ in which they have been questioned. There In 1969, a major survey by the Prime Min­ ity in the treatment or rehabilitation of the is no need for parents to terminate an un­ ister's Office reported that 88 % of women patient instead of recommending the de­ desired pregnancy by killing the unborn answered that abortion is "bad." struction of another one." child physically when with less risk to them­ Q. can you predict who will have psychiat­ UNWANTED CHILD--RIGHT TO HER OWN BODY selves, its legal death can so easily be pro­ ric problems resulting from abortion? cured." A. A good evaluation of this comes from "EDITOR: I would like to write to you to let you know that I am in full accord with the Q. The opening letter assumes that all un­ Dr. M. Ekblad, whose study in 1955 was re­ abortions that are being performed in New wanted pregnancies will be neglected chil­ ported in Acta Sca.ndinavica, the Swedish York City. For every early physiologic proc­ dren. Is that a valid assumption? medical journal. Sweden, as we know, is a ess interrupted, we are preventing a candi­ A. That assumption is almost too naive country with very llberal sexual morality date for our relief rolls, our prison popula­ and simplistic to be given any serious con­ standards, and abortion there is not subject tion, and our growing list of unwanted and sideration. The fact that it has been men­ to any moral stigma. Dr. Ekblad, however, frequently battered children." tioned again and again is almost beyond found that 25% of women having had legal The above, taken from a letter to the comprehension. Most unwanted pregnancies abortions later had "serious regret." In eval­ editor of the A.M.A. News, reflects the think­ become wanted babies. Some wanted chil­ uating who might have emotional problems dren become unwanted ones. Unloved babies ing of some people today. If the above were because of abortion, he found a clear rela­ true, the proponents of abortion at the sometimes become dearly loved and vice tionship. "The psychiatrically abnormal wom­ mother's request would certainly have added versa. To make the assumption that because an finds it more difficult than the psy­ weight to .their side of the balance arm of a woman is unwillingly pregnant, the child chologically normal woman to stand the the scale weighing the value of the life of in every case, in most cases, or even in many stress of abortion." the unborn child. If the above is not true, cases will be unwanted and therefore neg­ Q. Then the woman in poor mental health then pro-abortionists have deluded · them­ lected and abused, is totally inaccurate and is more likely to suffer further psychological selves with more wishful thinking. wildly unrealistic. Some Will, of course, but harm than the woman who is not upset? Q. I believe every child should be a wanted many will not. Why kill them all before A. That is exactly what Dr. Ekblad found. child, don't you? birth? Why not sort them out after birth, This truism has been a rather well-kept A. We agree that every child should be strengthen our laws that the court mentions secret from most of our state legislators. wanted. A world without unwanted children above, and take unwanted children from While purporting to do abortions for reasons would be an idyllic place in which to live. parents who are unworthy to raise themf of preserving mental health, in fact, if done No one could quarrel with that as an ideal­ Q. The woman in the Ohio court case said on women who are actually psychologically istic goal. Wouldn't it also be a wonderful that if her baby was delivered that she would ill, they are being done on the very people to world if there were no unwanted wives by batter it. What about that? whom they probably wlll do the most dam­ husbands, no unwanted aging parents by A. The logical answer, of course, is to take age psychologically. their children, no unwanted Jews, Black the child from her at birth and to give the Emotional upset, anxiety, fear, strain, and People, Catholics, Chicanos, or ever a.gain baby to adoptive parents who would love and mixed feelings about pregnancy are common, a person who at one time or place finds him­ care for him. even under the best of circumstances. Preg­ self unwanted or persecuted. Let's all try Q. But don't many unwanted pregnancies nancy is not a minor event. Feelings of de­ to achieve this, but also remember that become battered children? pression in the early stages of pregnancy are people have clay feet and, sadly, the un­ A. Many would think so. In fa.ct, this is very common. Judgments that the pregnancy wanted will always be with us. not true. Dr. Edward Lenoskl, Professor of and child are unwanted are very common. The measure of our humanity is not that Pediatrics at the University of Southern What is absolutely crucial to understand, there aren't unwanted ones, but what we California, did a four-and-a-half year study however, ls that how a woman feels in the do with them. Shall we care for them or kill of 400 battered chlldren. He determined that first three months of her pregnancy and how them? 90 % of the battered children in his study she will feel in. the last three months of her Q. But why should a mother carry to term were planned pregnancies. Ninety percent 1s pregnancy, are commonly totally different. an unwanted pregnancy? far above average for planned pregnancies. If all upset women with unwanted preg­ A. Physicians who deliver babies will all Most of our readers undoubtedly deeply nancies had been aborted in years past, at agree that a significant percentage of all cherish and love the children that they have least one-third of our readers would not be pregnancies are not planned, and, at the been given. How many of you, however, actu­ living today. (p 38) ally planned the conception of 90 % o! them? time these women are first seen in the doc­ We could apparently kill all "unwanted" Competent medical opinion is deeply di­ tor's office, they definitely have "unwanted vided as to whether psychiatric reasons ever babies in the early estages of pregnancy, but pregnancies." Overwhelmingly, however, a still not significantly reduce the numbers of justify an abortion. The phrase "mental mother adjusts to the initial surprise and battered children. health," written into some of our state laws, shock, accepts the baby growing within her, Dr. Lenoskl has also determined that since May 4, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 16031 the advent of the contraceptive plll (which A. The 1970 U.S. Census count placed the million in the year 2000. If it continues to has certainly reduced unwanted preg­ U.S. population at 204.7 million. decline, it could be much less. nancies), child beating is up threefold. Q. Isn't this a substantial increase in the Q. Since the rate is droppi.ng, then why this What of the right o! a. woman to the pri­ last decade? rather substantial increase from our present vacy of her own body? A. In total numbers of people, it was the 204 million? A. At lea.st one pro-abortion court decision second largest in U.S. history, having de­ A. This is because the babies born during has referred to this. We think it is a.n entirely clined from the total number added be­ the postwar baby boom of the early Fifties fallacious bit of reasoning. If you, as a. citi· tween 1950 and 1960. In the percentage of constitute a population "bulge" as they now zen, stand outside of a. door and listen to a gain, however, it was the second lowest rate come of marriageable age. This excess in mother battering her child, even to the point of increase of any decade in the history of numbers of people of this one age group o! killing it, what would you do? Would you the United States. Only the depression years wm be forming their famllies and having respect the privacy o! her home? You would of the 1930's were lower. children, thus producing an overall Jump in not! You would open or break down the door Q. How many children should the average total number of people, even though the per­ and rescue the child. By virtue of her assault family have in order to stabilize population centage per family continues to drop. When upon a.nd abuse of another human person, growth? this bulge, however, 1s pa.st, if current trends she has surrendered her constitutional right A. In 1850, the average number of children continue, the population growth will flatten to privacy in this case. The same analogy per family in the United States wa.s 6.0. In and probably reach zero growth rate. applies to abortion. The right of the child to 1970, the average number of children per Q. How many babies are actually born in live is greater than and supersedes any right fa.Inily was 2.45, and dropping. Taking into the United States in a year? that a woman may have to the privacy of her account a slowly increasing death rate in A. In 1957, there were 4,308,000 babies born own body. this country, a.s our population bulge ap­ In 1968, there were 3,470,000 babies born: ' Q. But a. woman does have a right to her proaches old age, population growth will stop We are already educating that excess of own body. Isn't the child, at least in the early altogether between 2.1 a.nd 2.2 children per births from the late Fifties. Our schools are stages of pregnancy, pa.rt of her body? fainily. This would be zero growth rate. crowded with them. This bulge is passing, A. A woman's appendix, obviously a pa.rt Q. What about population trends? Can't however. In 1976, for instance, there will be of her body, can be removed for sufficient they tell us accurately what will happen? 800,000 fewer third graders in the nation's reason. The cells of the appendix, however, A. Population trends are notoriously sub­ classrooms than there are today. This, at carry the identical genetic code that is pres­ ject to both mistakes and abuse in predict­ least, is not guesswork. These babies have ent in every other cell in the mother's body. ing any distance in the future. already been born. We can look forward to an They a.re, for this reason, undeniably pa.rt of In 1910, there were 30.1 children born in overabundance of teachers, schools, and edu­ her body. The single-celled fertilized ovum the United States for every 1000 people. In cational faclllties in the decade of the Seven­ or the multi-celled zygote or later developing 1936, this had dropped to 18.4. If this trend ties. embryonic human being within her uterus had continued, births in the United States Q. You believe that famllles will be smaller cannot, by any stretch of the imaglna.tion, be would have ceased altogether by 1975. in the future? considered pa.rt of her body. This new living In 1936, the birth rate wa.s 18.4 per 1000. A. In a. Gallup Poll (Feb., 1971) the ques­ bei.ng has a genetic code that is totally differ­ In 1957, the birth rate had risen to 25.3 per tion was asked: "Would you like four or more ent from the cells of the mother's body. It is, 1000. If this trend ha.d continued, we would children in your family?" in truth, a completely separate growing or­ have had over 400 million people by the In 1967--40% answered "Yes" ganism and can never be considered part of year 2000, almost a. blllion by 2050, and two­ In 1971-23 % answered "Yes" the mother's body. Does she have a right to a.nd-a-half billion by 2100. Of great importance wa.s that, of all the her own body? Yes. But this is not part of In 1957, the birth rate was 25.3 per 1000. college-educated, only 14 % wanted four or her own body. It is another person's body. By 1970, it had dropped to 17.0. If this trend more. Of those with only a grade school edu­ continues, the la.st baby in the United States cation, 33 % wanted four or more. Q. No right at all? to ever utter its first cry after birth, will be A. The Rev. Charles Carroll, Protestant This is further confirmation, if any ts cha.plain of the University of California at born in the year 1992, a.nd further births will needed, that the only way to effectively limit Berkeley, student of International Law at cease totally. population growth 1s to raise a group's stand· It seems obvious that extending any popu­ Ya.le, Harvard, and the University of Berlin lation trend very far into the future can a.rd of living and education. during the Hitler period, and officer of the prove to be quite inaccurate. Q. Abortion is being spoken of as a means United States military government in Ger­ Q. But can't we make some kind of pre­ of population control. What does the medical many at the trial of the Nazi doctors at profession think of this? diction? Nuremberg, has stated: A. As you can see from the above, predic­ A. The official statement of the American "As I would reject the law of paterfamilias tions are hazardous. It would seem safe, how­ College of Obstetrics and Gynecology in 1968 of ancient Rome, so I would also reject the ever, and it ls the genera.I concensus of opin­ said: "It is firmly stated that the College proposed law of materfamllias in present day ion among almost everyone, that births per wlll not condone nor support the concept America.. As I would not sympathize with the family a.nd per woman in the United States that abortion be considered or performed a.s grant by the state of the power of life and will continue to decline in the next five to a. means of population control." Q. Isn't the increase of population in our death of his offspring to the Roman father, ten years. It is on the basis of this that so I cannot sympathize with the grant by any Mr. George Brown, Director of the United cities the cause for the rise in violent crime, state of the power of life a.nd death over her States Census Bureau, sa.ld in October of illegitimacy, etc.? offspring to the American mother. Surely I 1970: "Instead of the loudly ~rocla.imed peo­ A. Our cities have a population implosion. would hope our legislators would be as hu­ ple explosion in the United States, current This ls due to a. poor distribution of people, mane a.s the Emperor Hadrian, who abolished population trends could result in a zero not the simple fa.ct of natural over-popula­ that article of the Roman Law." growth rate." tion itself. President Nixon appointed a. group to study In Holland, the population density is 1,000 people per square mile. In the United States POPULATION EXPLOSION? this. What did they find out? President Nixon's National Goa.ls Research it is 57 people per square mile. Even taking "The Census Bureau announced yesterday into account the vast waste areas of moun­ a major downward revision of its population Sta.ff released its report in July, 1970, entitled, "Toward Ba.la.need Growth: Quantity With tains, etc., in the United States, the only projections for the next thirty years. areas that approach Holland in population "It ls possible, the Bureau said, that there Quality" (U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 20042, $1.50 per copy). It density are th-0se of our crowded cities. Yet will be nearly 100,000,000 fewer Americans in it is well known that Holland ha.s only a the year 2000 than had been forecast in one reported tha.t,."If present trends continue for just ten more years, our national population fraction of the crime rate and social upset maximum projection ma.de just three years of our major cities. ago. growth will stop altogether. The question of population size in the United States ls not As another example, Great Brita.in has 50 "The revised projections are based on the Inillion people living in an area smaller than dramatic decline in U.S. birth rates experi­ Malthusian. The issue ls not whether we can feed and clothe a. population of any size we California.. Why is it then, that there are enced in the United States in the Sixties. fewer murders on the entire British Isles an­ The birth rate in 1968, !or example, was the can rea.llstlcally envisage, or even supply it with the expanding a.mount of energy it may nually than there a.re in the city of Chica.go, lowest in American hlstory."-Washington or Cleveland, or even of Greater Kansas City? Post, August 13, 1970. demand." Q. What of the death rate? Does this in­ Obviously, population density in itself does .. Mos~ people's reaction to the above was, not produce high crime rates and social Whats going on here? For yea.rs we've fluence population size? A. The U.S. death rate is now 9.6 per 1,000 upset. been told that it won't be long until there's Q. Won't too many people increase the standing room only on the earth." people per year. As our population grows Population explosion very definitely has a older and more people reach old age, the problem of pollution? place in our discussion a.bout abortion. One death rate will eventually rise to about fifteen A. Certainly, more people produce more of the major reasons given to justify new per 1,000 per year, assuming our llfe ex­ pollution. Certainly, more affluent people pro­ and liberalized abortion laws ls the pressure pectancy holds at 70 yea.rs. duce more pollution per person than poor of unwanted population. Let's look a.t some Q. How many people will we have in the people. However, more wealthy and more of these facts. United States in the year 2000? educated people also produce the wealth and Q. What ts the population of the United A. If our current birth rate stabilizes at its technology to combat pollution. The be.sic States? present level, we wlll have a population of 281 problem is not the simple fact of people CXVIII--1011-Part 13 16032 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 4, 1972 existing, but of education, of methods of of population control. Further, unrestricted ior citizens likewise become locked in. industrial production, of self-discipllne, etc. abortion policies, or abortion on demand, I Q. What will remedy our pollution prob­ cannot square with my personal belief in the This park can serve to bring clean air lems? sanctity of human life--lncludlng the life of and a place where citizens can enjoy the A. Not merely the simplistic answer of re­ the yet unborn. For, surely, the unborn have beauty of America whether they be poor, ducing the number of children per family. We rights also, recognized in law, recognized even senior citizens, youth or a traveling could stop population growth, and our rivers in principles expounded by the United Na­ American or foreign visitor to New York. would still be ecological slums, the air over tions. To celebrate this coming event and our cities would still remain unbreathable, "Ours is a nation with a Judeo-Christian hopes for early development of the Gate­ and our environment would continue to heritage. It is also a nation with serious way National Park, the Jamaica Bay deteriorate. What ls needed is massive efforts, social problems--problems of malnutrition, great sums of money, educational campaigns, of broken homes, of poverty and of delin­ council are planning a fall Jamaica Bay and in many ways, a substantial change in quency. But none of these problems justifies pageant on Sunday, September 24, 1972, the way we live, not in how many of us are such a solution. at Canarsie Park Mall in Brooklyn from alive. "A good and generous people will not opt, the hours of 11 a.m. to 5 p.m. Please set Q. What will th e effects of population in my view, for this kind of alternative to this date aside and join those interested growth in our country do to the economics its social dilemmas. Rather, it will open its in this celebration and expression of love of this country? hearts and homes to the unwanted children for the wetlands. A. The Wall Street Journal (Dec., 1970) of its own, as it has done for the unwanted said: "Population projections for the 1970's millions of other lands." indicate a further decline in the growth rate. Senator Edmund Muskie, the same week Our big population explosion is in the past, said on a T.V. show: J. EDGAR HOOVER: INDOMITABLE, but the echo effects will reverberate strongly "I'm concerned about diluting in any way INCORRUPTIBLE throughout the economy for many years to the con cept of the sanctity of life. come. Census experts believe American fam­ "First of all, we're not entirely sure of the llies in general will enjoy rapidly rising in­ psychological impact upon mothers them­ HON. JOHN M. ZWACH comes in the years ahead. Median family in­ selves who become free or indiscriminate in OF MINNESOTA come is expected to rise from around $9 ,900 the use of this way of avoiding the conse­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES today to $15,000 in 1985, measured in dollars quences of sexual relations. of constant purchasing power." "A life has been taken away from them, Wednesday, May 3, 1972 The other thing the Journal pointed out and it's the very nature of motherhood, you Mr. ZWACH. Mr. Speaker, a part of was that the labor force in the United States know, to shield and protect life, not to de­ America passed from the scene with the will be increasing much faster than the stroy it ... If it becomes all right to take a population, as the bulge of young people life in that stage, then how easy will it be death of J. Edgar Hoover, Director of the moves into their working, productive adult to slip into the next step. Should people in Federal Bureau of Investigation. years. A Labor Department report says of old age who are senile--does it then become Mr. Hoover took his place in America this: "The large numbers of young workers legitimate to take their lives? And there is in the era of the tough prohibition-rich, may provide an abundance of new ideas. The the medical question of when does life begin power-mad, gangsters who were threat­ eagerness, imagination, and flexibility of the to quicken. That, I guess is about six weeks ening the very structure of our American young will contribute to developing new ways ... it's when you get beyond that point that Republic. of business organization, production, and I begin to have trouble." Bank robberies, kidnapings, and marketing." Needless to say, they will also find new ways of attacking and solving our gangland executions had so intimidated pollution problems. RECOGNITION OF JAMAICA BAY, the American people that some of our Q. How much space is there actually exist­ SEPTEMBER 24, 1972, CANARSIE cities had made truces with gangland ing at this time for every person who lives PARK MALL, BROOKLYN, N.Y. chiefs, guaranteeing them safe sanctuary in the United States? in return for freedom from their preda­ A. If we divide the number of people pre­ tions. sently living in the United States by its total HON. JOSEPH P. ADDABBO No public figure ever stepped into a acreage, each individual has ten acres. Q. What percentage of the population of OF NEW YORK more disheartening situation, but as his the U.S. ls needed to produce the food we IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES later life proved, J. Edgar Hoover was indominable. eat? Thursday, May 4, 1972 A. Less than 5 % . First he sought laws to give his bureau Q. What of the world population? wm it Mr. ADDABBO. Mr. Speaker, at the authority, and then he sought stiffer follow the same trends as the United States? request of my constituent and friend, Mr. penalties for the crimes peculiar to that A. One thing is certain. Neither voluntary Jerome J. Hipscher, president, Jamaica era, bank robbery, kidnaping, bootleg­ birth control nor abortion has ever stopped Bay Council, Arverne, N.Y., I wish to join the population growth of an economically ging, and crossing State lines to avoid underdeveloped and underprivileged country. with him to remind others of the beauty prosecution. One sure way to slow down population growth of wetlands throughout America, and at Thus armed, he cut an exciting swath of underdeveloped countries is to bring them the same time extend an invitation to through the American crime hierarchy up to an increased standard of living. As we Members of Congress, their families, and and soon had it all but erased from the increase the standard of living of a nation, its those interested to attend the environ­ American scene. people will volunt~rlly limit their family size. mental pageant on September 24, 1972, Mr. Hoover built his department from This ls the major problem for the rest of the to see :firsthand the importance of a one of inept anonymity to one of the world in the decades ahead. Gateway National Park through visual Q. Won't the rest of the world outgrow its world's most famous criminal investiga­ food supply? arts and history; performing arts and tive agencies. A. A few years ago, dire predictions of this environmental programs. Smart, incorruptible, tenacious, J. were being made. Within the last several Jamaica Bay is an environmental Edgar Hoover's foresight and ability re­ years, however, a "green revolution" has oc­ paradise situated in the Boroughs of sulted in an almost complete roundup curred. Hybrid wheat, corn, and rice have Brooklyn, Queens and Nassau Counties, of enemy spies at the outbreak of World been developed that have radically changed going from Coney Island to Inwood Park. War II. When German submarines at­ the outlook in these hungry lands. In Paki­ The Gateway National Park will include stan, wheat output has soared from four­ tempted to land saboteurs on our shores, and-a-half to twelve-and-a-half milllon tons a part of the Jamaica Bay. The bay has a the FBI was waiting for them at water's in just five years. In India, wheat"'production natural wildlife refuge situated in Broad edge. has gone from twelve-and-a-half to nineteen­ Channel area and under the supervision J. Edgar Hoover was a legend in his and-a-half million tons in five years. The of the Department of Parks of New York own time, immortalized on the screen and same has happened to rice within several City. Gateway National Park can be television. years. At present rates, most of the teeming reached by a system of buses. His service of 48 years, under eight sub-continent of Asia will be exporting grain New York City needs the Gateway Na­ different Presidents is unique and proba­ rather than needing our help to stave off tional Park, as an area for relaxation, starvation. Their remaining problem is dis­ bly never will be equaled in American tribution of food, not production of it. recreation, environmental education, history. This was the mark of his true Q. What ls the opinion of major candidates research, and preservation. Those citi­ worth. He was unshakable, untouched by for the 1972 Presidential election? zens who by virtue of being poor are politics. A. President Richard Nixon on April 3, locked into an urban city with no relaxa­ Mr. Hoover's passing should be mourn­ 1971, said: tion, poor recreational facilities, and no ed by every American. They owe him "I consider abortion an unacceptable form open space and clean air to breathe. Sen- more than most will ever realize. · May 4, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 16033 NEWSMAN'S DILEMMA He confessed he himself doesn't know where mittee still contains the proviso penalizing to draw the line. Nor does anybody else. Texas and the nine other states that do But certainly we have a responsibility to not have a state income tax. draw it somewhere short of jeopardizing the If approved as it came out of the commit­ HON. WILLIAM S. MOORHEAD lives of our fighting men. Or foreclosing our tee, the blll would deny the 10 states a OF PENNSYLVANIA government's access to information needed share in the $900 million of revenue allocated IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES for self-protection in a civilized world that to states. Under the committee formula, half still resorts to jungle rules too often. of the $1.8 billion going to the states would Thursday, May 4, 1972 be distributed on the basis vf state income BOMBING PLANS? tax collections, the other half on basis of to­ Mr. MOORHEAD. Mr. Speaker, the The anti-war group in Massachusetts is tal revenue. tremendous amount of information over­ bragging, for instance, that it tipped off some There is no justification for linking the classified by the executive branch bu­ of the news media about U.S. plans to bomb states' share with a state income tax, just as reaucrats has created some real problems Hanoi and Haiphong the week before. there would be no reason for tying the funds for the Nation's news media. I don't know what truth there is to this, or to any other source of revenue. In doing this, There are no doubt some who believe whether anyone actually published or broad­ the federal government in effect would be cast the information. telling the states how to collect their taxes. that every piece of information which But I think anybody who would deliber­ Allocation of the entire $1.8 billion should is classified is overclassified and there­ ately seek to have a fellow American shot be based solely on total state revenue. fore fair game to be printed if the item down by enemy guns should himself be shot When Lt. Gov. Ben Barnes went to Wash­ falls into their hands. At the other at sunrise. ington in March to protest the income tax extreme, there are those newsmen who And the same goes for anyone who would matter, committee chairman Wilbur Mills, believe that everything classified is done condemn U.S. espionage agents to almost D-Ark., pledged total opposition to the pro­ so for the best of reasons and to print certain death by exposing who they are or viso. Mills said his committee staff drew up how they work. the bill based on wishes of a cross section of the document or to discuss its contents This is not freedom of speech or freedom governors and mayors. He indicated that gov­ is tantamount to treason. of the press. This is treason. ernors whose states have an income tax fa­ Between these extremes is the great And if the news media don't exercise their vored an allocation tied to the income tax to mass of newsmen who try to cast an responsibilities in this area, it won't be long encourage the other 10 states to join the fold independent judgment on each issue­ before they won't be able to exercise their and thereby erase any advantage they might or document-as it arises, asking them­ rights either. hold in attracting industry. selves, "If I got hold of this item would Rep. Mills, of course. still can honor his pledge to fight the income tax proviso when I print it?" DISCRIMINATORY REVENUE PROVI­ the bill comes before the House. and he Regardless of their decision, there is SION SHOULD BE ELIMINATED should do so. The Chronicle urges all mem­ little doubt that the classification stamp, bers of Congress to make this a fair revenue­ used irreverently and illogically, is at sharing bill and remove any connection with the bottom of a great crisis among news­ HON. BILL ARCHER an income tax. men. OF TEXAS A newsman whom I respect greatly IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES has written recently of this problem. Thursday, May 4, 1972 At this time, I would like to introduce J. EDGAR HOOVER into the RECORD a column by John Troan, Mr. ARCHER. Mr. Speaker, on April editor of the Pittsburgh Press: 26, the Ways and Means Committee re­ NEWS MEDIA'S DILEMMA ported a long awaited revenue sharing HON. LOUISE DAY HICKS proposal which is expected to come be­ OF MASSACHUSETTS (By .John Troo.n) fore the House in the near future. While In Washington, the Nixon administration I question the propriety of several of the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES has sprung a sieve--and government docu­ Wednesday, May 3, 1972 ments O! various sorts are leaking out to the provisions contained in the bill, one in public. particular has drawn strong criticism Mrs. HICKS of Massachusetts. Mr. In Cambridge, Mass., an anti-war group is from the citizens of my home State of Speaker, we all mourn the loss of J. Edgar peddling to the news media what it claims Texas-and rightly so. Hoover, a public servant, serving under to be secret information about U.S. troop The provision penalizing the 10 States eight Presidents of the United States. I movements and military plans. which do not have an income tax does join my colleagues in paying tribute to In Virginia, a former high official of the great injustice to the spirit of federalism, Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) has writ­ this great American who became the Na­ ten a magazine article which purports to re­ which has long been a cornerstone of our tion's No. 1 policeman 48 years ago. veal how U.S. spies throughout the world republican form of government. J. Edgar Hoover created a national gather secret information for our govern­ Mr. Speaker, there is no overriding police force of high competence whose ment. Federal interest that would justify legis­ members have been of such exalted To some newsmen, this is a dream-reflect­ lation dictating the system of taxation morale that the Bureau has been un­ ing the ultimate in freedom of the press. To practiced by the several States. Moreover, touched by scandal for 48 years. me, this is a nightmare--reflecting the di­ the fiscal condition of the Federal Gov­ It has been said of J. Edgar Hoover "he lemma of balancing a basic right against a ernment is certainly no shining example basic responsibility. is a hero to millions of decent citizens For, unlike some of my brethren, I do not for the States to follow. As one of my and anathema to evil men." No other believe the right of freedom of the press ab­ constituents aptly explained in a recent man has fought so long or so hard for a solves us from the responsibility of protect­ letter: safer and better national life. ing the national security. Our State ls run in a manner far more Upon acceptance as Director of the SECURITY DANGER sound fiscally than is the Federal govern­ FBI, J. Edgar Hoover set up the criteria ment. Our budgets ultimately balance. We I don't mean protecting the national gov­ have no debt. We pay our way. for appointments to the Bureau: ernment from mere embarrassment--such as The Bureau must be divorced from poli­ that which followed publication of the "Pen­ I sincerely hope that the House is af­ tics, appointments and promotions must be tagon Papers" on the Vietnam war or the forded an opportunity to strike this dis­ based on merit and the Bureau must be re­ "Anderson papers" on the India-Pakistan criminatory section from the bill. If a sponsible to the Attorney General only. war. I mean protecting the national security closed rule is granted, thus providing no J. Edgar Hoover molded the FBI into from being undermined-as by advance pub­ such opportunity, then I must urge my a model law enforcement agency, setting lication of battle plans or troop movements, colleagues to vote "no" when H.R. 14370 a rigid standard of personal behavior for or by disclosure of the men or methods our is brought before the House for a vote. himself. His creed to attain a goal of ex­ government employs to ferret our from for­ For the benefit of all Members of cellence: Integrity of self and deed with eign sources information vita.I to our coun­ Congress, I would like to insert in the try's welfare and even to our survival. absolutely no compromise. RECORD the following editorial from the His will Roger Fisher, a Harvard University law passing be mourned by all professor, pointed up this conflict between April 19 edition of the Houston Chronicle. those who search for law and order. His press rights a.nd press responsibilities at the INCOME TAX PROVISO HAS GOT To Go passing marks the end of an era of meeting of the American Society of News­ The revenue-sharing bill approved this dedicated, courageous service. He truly paper Editors in Washington the other week. week by the House Ways and Means Com- was a great American patriot. 16034 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE May 5, 1972 REPRESENTATIVE LONG'S tion in the next 20 years from natural remained true to his profession, to en­ ACTIVITIES IN BEHALF OF ISRAEL growth and immigration. If Israel con­ forcing the law, to upholding justice, and tinues her 6-percent annual growth in to the many Presidents he served along real output per capita, this will mean a the way. And throughout it all, he re­ HON. BENJAMIN S. ROSENTHAL six-fold increase in total output in the mained above partisan politics, above OF NEW YORK next 20 years. Thus, in another two dec­ revenge to his critics, and above reproach IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ades, there will be the economic equiva­ in directing the activities of what is rec­ Thursday, May 4, 1972 lent of six Israels. In contrast, Egypt is ognized through the world as the epitome growing slowly-barely keeping ahead of of a national crime-fighting organi7.a.­ Mr. ROSENTHAL. Mr. Speaker, dur­ a population growth which is a hin­ tion-an organization that always sup­ ing his 10 years in the House of Repre­ drance rather than a help since Egypt is plemented and supported the State and sentatives, CLARENCE D. LoNG has worked already bursting with unabsorbed labor. local peace officers and their efforts--an to strengthen Israel by supporting pro­ The Maryland Congressman observed organization that gave us more internal grams to improve agricultural and in­ at the hearing which I attended, that security and freedom than any country dustrial development, to keep Israel the American people can take pride in in the world. strong militarily, and to aid the emi­ Israel's progress, - for they have given I should like to conclude my remarks gration of Soviet Jews to Israel. Israel nearly $8 billion in economic and by quoting a line I read today by noted As a member of the Foreign Opera­ military aid-through the U.S. Govern­ columnist David Lawrence about Mr. tions Subcommittee of the House Appro­ ment and the American Jewish Com­ Hoover- priations Committee-which initiates munity. He died. while in office, so it can be said congressional action on U.S. foreign aid he retired peacefully. programs--Dr. LoNG has introduced and supported programs to aid Israeli educa­ PASSING OF J. EDGAR HOOVER When you trust a man and respect him tional institutions, including the Weis­ as much as we all trusted and respected mann Institute and the Feinberg Grad­ J. Edgar Hoover, there can be no ques­ uate School of Hebrew University; med­ HON. DON H. CLAUSEN tion that he is going to be missed. When ical centers, such as the Hadassah-He­ OF CALll'ORNIA a man remains in public office and at brew University Medical Center; and IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES the same job for nearly half a century, there can be no doubt that his departure homes for the aged, such as Zichron­ Wednesday, May 3, 1972 Yaakov. In addition, the Maryland Rep­ is going to leave a great void. As a boy resentative has worked for the passage Mr. DON H. CLAUSEN. Mr. Speaker, he was my hero and as a man, he re­ of legislation to express the sense of Con­ J. Edgar Hoover's passing at the age of mained my hero. And he always will be. gress with respect to peace in the Mid­ 77 and after 48 unbroken years of pub­ A G-Man, when I was a boy was a man dle East, to urge the President to inter­ lic service, has deeply saddened those of that gave me something to trust, some­ cede with Soviet leaders to obtain bet­ us in America who had a deep and abid­ thing to cling to, a.s I sought assurances ter living conditions for Soviet Jewry, ing respect for both the man and the of security, something I could believe in. and to allow Soviet Jews to emigrate law. I say this because, for as long as I J. Edgar Hoover projected an image of freely to Israel or to any other nation can remember, the two have been ac­ fairness and firmness and he directed of their choice. cepted as one and the same by all Amer­ and built the great organization we com­ In 1967 and 1971, Dr. LONG visited icans familiar with his extraordinary monly accept and respectfully refer to Israel to consult with Levi Eshkol, Golda and unparalleled record of service. as the FBI. Meir, Abba Eban, David Horowitz, Fi­ I know of no citizen of this great coun­ America desperately needs to recog­ nance Minister Phinhas Sapir and other try who has served his Nation so ably and nize and adhere to the principles of hon­ Israeli leaders. so loyally, as has J. Edgar Hoover. Some esty, integrity, and justice that this great Following the 1971 trip, during which have said that he was incorruptible, but man practiced each day of his life. Congressman LONG also conferred with that does not reflect the true measure of J. Edgar Hoover was truly a Christian President Sadat of Egypt-the first this great man. In the recorded hist.ory soldier for peace in America. American Congressman to do so--he re­ of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, Today he is resting in peace, but his :ported his views to the House Foreign there is not a single known instance of memory and his name will linger on for­ Affairs Subcommittee on the Near East. an FBI agent ever accepting a bribe or ever in the hearts and minds of all Amer­ Representative LONG pointed out that icans privileged to live in his time and otherwise defaming the Bureau. That, in under his protective shield of service. his principal conclusion-based on ob­ my judgment, is but one example of the servations, conversations, and economic When we as individuals have accom­ analysis--is that time is very much on greatness that was J. Edgar Hoover the plished our daily tasks, we can go to sleep Israel's side. That nation is producing leader, the Director, and the man that we in peace-knowing that God is always about the same gross national product as all referred to as an institution unto awake and aware. Egypt, although it has only one-eleventh himself. J. Edgar Hoover, with a lifetime of ful­ the population, and is moving ahead at From the lawlessness and corruption fillment and accomplishments has earned one of the fastest rates economically of of the 1920's, the subversion and intrigue his right to sleep. in peace. any country in the world. of the 1940's, to the bombers and dis­ May the good Lord look kindly UDOD Israel looks for a doubling of popula- senters of the 1960's--J. Edgar Hoover this man, my hero.

SENATE-Friday, May 5, 1972 The Senate met at 10 a.m. and was moral rectitude, and strength in the quest Senate from the President pro tempore called to order by Hon. ADLAI E. STEVEN­ for peace and justice. Equip us in mind (Mr. ELLENDER). SON III, a Senator from the State of and nourish us in spirit. The assistant legislative clerk read the Illinois. following letter. "To serve the present age U.S. SENATE, Our calling to f ulflll PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE, PRAYER 0, may it all our powers engage, Washington, D.O., May 5, 1972. The Chaplain, the Reverend Edward To do the Master's will." To the Senate: We pray in His name. Amen. Being temporarily absent from the Senate L. R. Elson, D.D., offered the following on official duties, I appoint Hon. ADL.U E. prayer: STEVENSON III, a Senator from the State of Our Father God, we thank Thee for llllnois, to perform the duties of the Chair during my absence. Thy providential care over this Nation, DESIGNATION OF THE ACTING for watching over us in peace and in Ax.LEN J. ELLENDER, war, in prosperity and adversity, and PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE President pro tempore. for leading us to this very hour. Guide us The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk Mr. STEVENSON thereupon took the to a new high destiny of spiritual power, will please read a communication to the chair as Acting President pro tempore.