V±IIIW1AARTII IiE! WÅ'i
V±IIIW1AARTII IiE! WÅ'i Sto th 4lnei SuhArc THE NEWSPAPER 0? THE ANTI-APARTHEID MOVEMENT JULY/AUGUST 1992 A WOMAN'S PLACE IS IN THE STRUGGLE Page 4 INTERNATIONAL MONITORING WHAT DOES IT IWEAN? Page 5 WiIO'S BENII4D TRE ILLIN~GS Pages 6/7 PROSPECTS FOR PECE IN MOZAMBIQUJE AND ANGO~LA Page 8 SA CIBJRCKES, BACK MASS ACTION ANC mass action campaign Workers strike for On 3 August the trade union federationl Cosatu, will cail a general strilte as part of the ANC's mass action campaign for a demnocratic South Af rica. THI tr ngth of ioint acton byý the ANC(ý and, Cosatu wa' demonstratedo 16 une when. the coutrywa Sot Afican wok-e cnaised againnthen thou,ands 0 13 b ly to President d, K ,rk ,offie, .n 'retota. Tojo-toying demontta torasugedonto the lawns o frot of the Uoioo, 3uildings, shouttng that fie Klerk ind his mninistev, w ere murderers and that they nut resagn. Th, ANtC i, calting for inatnedlate aCtaon to end the ,,,,Ifn- anid foca1), Klerkc to akle wayv for in inteim govermnrt. Themasaao progr-anuae was a [rfd,,,or the Baopatnrg massacoe at a pealAttC policy cotsfernce at the end of May w hen it l-ecame ear that h De Klerk ,,over-tei was, puruig a double agendao'l taits, coupled witl!aS±oenti ng naayhen and mnrde, in the tawnthips. Thie genieral stritte o)ri 3 Acua tiHl 1he accopanied by mass demonsa11tsons in Ci ty cetefactory occu [ýtion, idt #hne 5t the Coawnshtps, A, wl a najiorty -tle ind an end to the vattente,, tsosatu is calling fur lower escalates food prices, above inflation wage i.creaes and workers, rights for all wvorkers. 11 j say that without these ther can' l- no rel emcccy The decision to, ca the g-nealsttkeonasMugustwaa taken by Cosat the day af ter theuneraofthevictansofthe P-opatongtsaasgceandithe ,,ake of the AItC , decision to break off negotations. Cosatu has als- crticise ,ridt...fact-findirnumissons' and visit, bv internatiosnal sote towosntp, os e hen .urroundedby police os scnes reminacent of the uiprigs of the 198N. In Vostoorus, souh-eaýst of (6(OANC tmer~ on, ]3Ji, Johaoneau'potcearreNIK meaeGtecwge aheewasItittecaspcliceatrebi,house. yNI .t~, call, eoam. moE. atA.ipd.,g~lowat UN intervenes to )p the killinigs Politt Violc n South ,solnehar. chesuhlee fora htd in Londots thatitwasat etonyprospet The QCnrtuding Statenaet ofetca nitifl de aIdbyA,l,,iisrsHtiddleston, isoswit sut esslved 1 Converot heasniol iaetor any fuanler -sgut iatin ea-g' -11~1 ts the, intæc- c,,Id tat pinli'te '-to ,mal -ronnsinity t taista rnspota oftises -eæ ,pro p rimt, m- hantata to * the enetaroti-n- urdeatoriatng oltil vilerice * the esaecof special iastt wislh wc.ald requise wid, sstdasKoevutandllattatiui2 s'esigaivendotseroa'is nd thewayaheyweentgt it al_ the tns o, ra theI, the aleo The 11-easistesk "',,,,eacosdof riune aaai -nd opseewisaenfatth itltsp apr Sottu Arn, a and friat rlil, * the ro-o~p of cae her tt, tttettanednt.sa,- the sec f--ce hadbeeeimttt ilsNanac,e -avolved inatti,,k , - t1 e-d o tiatio 0 the tratsforetatin oftn ,>p the, ,io~cr, lowssahsphostetsin'tob-~se i tt c suded that o twulsasarseeaida NEWSLI *tlie falute to ban rngetous w ponThe, Hearitg m-kI . aser point call to action by aha Intasnaicaa rnanauty 6 inteausol -øtctoing of the, viot4-s, * -manum 1aresane ros the Southi Aian regiss a- that it takte, ,efftci-s step to stop the * hill paetleipatlus by the ,neatita onasmymth pro,,,,, to ,tab1i1h ane democrt eoderlnSouth Mtia Mdore[t-W tieresestttives ooeaaeiitenstioaland ,alonat antt apitidan he 0055 go'ern.onrtal ogssain c'te to the Heatig frmi counnes oswel at16, espen winesss ion SothAfnra. Page 9 ro PdV ECOLOGICAL. CATASTROPHE IN SOUTH AFRICA Page 11
2 ANTI-APARTHEID NEWS 0 JULY/AUGUST 1992 No growth for SA economy I South AfrIca's gross domestic product is set to fall for the dird yeah in suocsoon, according South African Reserve Bank governorChrisital. In both 1990 and 1991 output shrank by 0.5, due to the drought and the breakdown of Codesa, which means that there is still little foreign capital coming into the country. Inflation is running at an annual rate of over 15%. N Forty per cent- two in five of South Africa's workers are uneroployed, The ILO esItnates that unerployment could rise to 57% of the workforce by 2005, if there ithno political setlerent and new economic impetus. Althoughblack wokers bear the ovrvhelmini; tiren oftohless- fiess, whites -are becoming unesployedonas nitcant scale for the firt tise since the 1930s. 0 Five South Afncan gold nines may cls in the net t years and peofits areat hrlowest since the 196 .Thegoldpncehasfallen by 33% since 1988, with 36,000 miners losing their jobs in 1991, and a further 15,000 already in 1992. SouthAfrica isstillCraciailly dependent on its foreign exchange earnings from gold. N South Africa has had a capital outflow of nearly $13 billion over What they UN arms ban ignored said... THlEWorldCapagnpesesred destinatw.heresevenSouth subsantil neeviencetote ft Africanresidents andtwocon He [De Elerki knows what's U , cri s421Arna paniesefused toappearforial hapening. But whether ha Embargo Committee in i awhere the prosecut also dossession when its director,Abdul closedimJun1992thatPretoria kes ornot,hemsttake SMIty,appearedbeforeion30 hadsecretlyofferedpolitical responsibilityasthestate June1992., 9 asylumtofouroftheother tAttention was also drawn to accused. The UN has so fa not Red Frank (hitane. goemea a-ee thefactthatthe421Committee S ' I' takenanyeffectiveaction about rary, south African Council of was acting less effectivelynow thiscase Churches thanbeforeinenforcingthears S 'F 'A Graveconcernwasalso embargo - andthatthiswas expressedatthefactthatalthough happening at atimewhenthe SouthAfricahadsignedthe unthaANCstasain SecuitnCouncilwatingmore NudearNon-ProliferatigtTreaty uThe NCIas - "ale. effectivelyonotherisues.There violation of UN Security Council inJuly 1991, themhasasyetbeen Th worl wlno ,t was a 'glaring difference be- (UNSC) decisions; noinspecionbythelntemational in oitherwl tweenthewayinwhichthea=ms 0 was enteringintoseveral Atomic Energy Agency of the eg Vietnam and ,ubws, embargo agaistSouthAfdcawas major deals top export arms to varioussecretnuclearfacilitiesin negotiatons tokIIplacewhile implemented compared to 'sub- various Middle East and other that country. the estin onfirmed. sequent Chapter VII actions of destinations and also negotiating fn the UNSC resolution 765 TeANC wi 5 -'able the Security Council'. with certain potential partners (1992)adoptedinJuly,paragraph that It offered to suspend heinternationalcomrssurit forjoint-venturedealstoproduce 7 'urges the international comuaedactilosintodertgive should recognise that all deci- the Rooivalk helicopterandother munity to ainte the existing peace and negotiations a slos taken under Chapter VII of weapons systems; and measuresimposedbytheSecuSchance. theChartertopreserveantema- was conducting tests on rity Council for the purpose of Riia l oos acat, grae tional peace and security have various aircraft in order to bringinganearlvendro apartheid of ANC ttotsenaguo equal importance' and it was purchase about 70 new trainer in South Africa'. important 'for the credibility and aircraft as well as fighter planes, This provision has received authority of the UN' that 'there including the Russian Mig-29 no publicity andis ac learcal for Iutid - 9Ieitttl should be no double standards'. Fulcrum, for the air force, the arms embargo decisions to yoodttchyou Badelf Based on concrete evidence The UN was also informed be implemented effectively by withost the pollce knowing presented about a variety of that the internal anus industry all governments. It is therefore It, but suddenly they It~ casestheWordCampaigncalled and Armscor had been re- important that this matter is becoeinept...Ha fewwlite upon the 421 Committee andthe organised in order to launch a followed up at both national and people were lBlcL we have Security Council to issue an big export offensive of arms and internationalleveb toensure that no doubt what the gowirn- urgent statement to draw atten- relatedmaterialandpassingthem allthe factoarem radeknown and ment woulddo e sop i. tion to the fact that South Afric off as'civilian' items effective action is taken. Arcfrion~ofTnr 0hadbeenpermittedtoparti- The UNSC Comnittee was cipate in two intenational arns also informed about a majorUS 0 Further onfiration its arnaexhibitions this year - Chile in trial involving illegal arms deals ablefionm the World Camnpalgn It is not helpful for all March and Britain in May - in with South Africa and other orAAM. kinds of mscellaneous advice eto appearsuddenlyand I raffletously. . MM raffle prize winners 1 AAM,hchirB M - A1PAKID I Alison Beard, Cottingiham High School - No 473 7 2 S Logan, Lon-don SE18 - No 549862 Owu -oc- isnotJstfor 3LLangstaff,Aberystbyth - No 021195 blackpe Oron i 4AArcher,Dunstable,Beds - No 172339 forat ,T P b n E 5SimonWinter,Newport,IsleofWight - No 047412 con-tryTher wi be ino fedm.Sot utl 6 G Falk, London NW3 - No 532688 everyo itfree. 7JFockes(?),LondonW14 - No 118997 AbbitbopDandTsar 8NalgoTrentBranch, Sheffield - No 243110
ANTI-APARTHEID NEWS 0 JULY/AUGUST 992, 3 "UK governn iH Brith g.emme stnds ~a1osed of 'remarkable coplacency and ndiffñr~~ence~to the escalatiog vioence And the breakdow of negootations in South Afri. In a tetterhartded to pine oinltet John Major on 24Jne, the president of the Ani-Apartheid Movement, Arhbi hop Trevor truddlteston, asked bio why the goe-ent had tade no response to the ntsscre at Boptong untl the NC so. petcded its participatton to. negottarions ... The letter saod the John: Majors appalto NlsonMandea notro pull out of tfe taiks wdas a grave erior of tudeot. tt told the the pte iiter 'by yoor rorervenoion, you hae aligtied Bitain with thie DeKterk regimne at this crtcal point Ir South Afria htotry'. AnAAM delegation, madeup ofArcbbishop HtlddlestonAAM chatt Bob Hughes MP and A&AM .wPPoot- I treuarer RichardtCåbomnMP, set out 1bye prjposals for govern derreitsupi tmt ation, tt should' ttonalmoritoning * dertare its un equiso~al sup- andapresidentc port for a new South African urgentconsultatc constirotion, hasedi on one- OAUranditheCorn peso, one-vere and rejeet any what. fomr ott white veto over ronatuttional lake cbangemparculartheNaional * act wi titt Purty's rnsisteoce on a 75% the retnpositio najoriy for constrtutional san1tons w1icde 1,sons uearer this oar; * pressure DeKIlerktrorespond dtspatch of theti postvely ro the detoand, puttission to Souti fo rwrd by the ANC on 23 Jane has ulready be 0 8 ,m Frklay 26 Junb In protest at the BolptOng flassaCr portforintema- priniple; and e reafffi nation Prestdent de Klerk to negoiate of thevioel-ce of EC support for an interim 't1 agenane fashion'. ,ftheEC, tnat govermenr and an eleeted Buttheprimeministerreplied ,oswiththe {K, onsotuent assemtbl, that De Klerk was alreadyprettonwealthon tt has been the premate pared to oegotiåre and aeused itoring shouid relaxatoo1 of sanuoo1s, says the AAM's chair of 'suddenly and ot -Apatheid Movemeot, that gra1itously' produing 'tiscel EC lo ensure has convineed De Kled, that h, laneous advice' o of the E, couId adopt an) tnransigent Afterthe massacem at Botpa, were lifred positton at the Codesa tatk ,, rong, the AAM called an nme the imtediate ha the Hose of Conoons, diae p-rotest On 19 1 une at the re FmembrEC Bob Hughes asked John Major South Af:ican emhassy The I Afniea wbich fora fund enalreåpprnal of folowing Friday, Soull Afean en agreed in polièyor'SonhAfriF~oeo orpe F Day, 26J e,bhundreds ANC calls for international commission of ,inquiry THE ANC bas no option hur to break off bilateral and Codesa negotiations,' the organihation 5 national executive eonittee dedared on 23 June in the wake of the massacre at Bpipatong It acused the De Klek regior, of acting 'a bad faith: can-og on negotratioas,andatthesale tine using its security forcen- and surrogates to try to destroy the demorratic movement in South Africa. The ANC was joined by eight of the other organuations involved in Codesa, The ANC said that the fundamental reason for the'deadlock was whether there was to be 'democrrtic change, or white minority veto powers'. it set outa seres of deesands wich must be mer hefore any more ralls could take place. The De Klerk regnoc most agtee to: * the crealioo of a dectoctatically eleeted and soveemgn Const~-ent Assebly to draftand adopt a new co>sttto" n; and 9 the estahlishment of an Inten GovemmentofNational Unity, The regise naust end it campaign of terror and, tn particular. stop at hit squad operattos * disan, dishand and cooinoe to haacksall specialforces and detachmneotsosade up of foreign nationals b prosecute all security force personnel involved in the ,,etce * ens-re the ending of reptessionos the 'independent' bantu stans and seif-govertito states.. i epleme~ 1,91 deregitne was pany , the Natlona. Peace AccordThe ANC aa1thetege thouldimpletnent agreemcnts it made dies to ruth the vtolenre.T t Lust b phase out the hostels and ,onvet the to family units : stall fnces around hoses * capri all those who are occupyig hostels illegally and place guardis on the hostets momtored by multitaeral peace stotures Sbar the arryNg of all weapons in publicpares, ina,,,d ing so-raled rultueat weapoes The AiNC aNso asked for the esrabltslmencofanmiternationa onssion of nquary titonh massacre urtBopatong and all arts of siolence All represuve legisatroe, tt saimust be epealed, inrudasg the laws tushed tugh an the fbira days of the last sesstonof parlament In an appeal to the intenatlotal rommunity, the ANC .asked for pressure on, Kl-rk to heing the violence to an end andtocomothisgovementto a soltion 'hased on uinter natonally acceptd prntples'. EC accused of- racist bias THE ttitish gos'erntent is ml South Afrlna and the deadis and troika milsson Until the tine is with the rest of the intecnadtosal stapling ov the proposed viit riserysiscausing.Andtheytell judged sight for paesure to be ronmnunitylnhelplng toendthe by the toika misson of Euro- as t:hat Douglas Hurd has no exerted on the AIC to retr to violence i South Africa pen Comory foreign nis intenoto.fleadinganECM-sion tfe negotåtingat le- andthen Howevertherearengsrunds tersltoSh caThem ion toSouthAficawh1 could and onlythen t it be deemed foroptiism il seems thatthewsOr yprop byteacma1,,bhdpto pessurisetheDe thatis:, 'the night 1fie, Eisprerpted with conlicu Porttgstere pesidecyin March Klerk regime to lake acton to Bur fore people of Soth l cenral i -warn Erope immediately followtng the esd the violence rirathetightttmeforthetroika especiallynowoi former Yngowltes-ony eferendum aid istead hIsnpreoupalion i, mission is now Inie if ithad s!avia,- wberewhit .es. aat. wheåreement seeredl hely tobHgtheANCandothershack eentasongallyenvsged rsk. Bot tt drmonstates a oouna nterim g1-veryent. With totheegotiatingthleintefoll itmi ,tavehelpedtoconvme seenongly'ompletelndifference the prospect of sanetlons being knowiedge that unless effeltve De Kle, Itoiaandon h mansi- tote ceril.SouthAcanwhere related, the ia of a trokka measure,;are beingtaken to end gentpositondthsprevented ito laklveswhich aeatsake. misskin (o South aftica was the volence the ANC has no the current rosis. Real pressure This terp seated rasm within wanjy ceceived in EC cirdes intenionofmakingsorhamove mast be eeted, on the EC and EC instimtions most be chltsioesaslo itwouJdopen .. 1 assumptionmst be thatthe especiay the U Presidency to lengedanddaengedefetivey tbea -a:y o nw tiade, and UKtsdeberatsystllganth, denandthatitplaysitsprralong for all oursakes tt twi cteafloek t Codega tt and tien the Boilatong n- -W4:-" sare, ehuni as ch-gd t 'n tess. F ced w[dithteeroo- ~ ~ _,,n_ bn t h a- ~iff e etofbavingtocon.nt ds_,De Kierk regme over hch odi viol--ence and ,, itnsigen poinn in negotiåtions, the tk ro honbeen plac ed indetoitelV 'on ice'. 13,l IHughs MP,AM iair, prssed Doujglas Hurd on the maeri, te Hose ofemn. ,o, y 1 J-th day.he tok er, apesident theEC C-ncilf t \ ters. Dóuglas Hurdrepliýd, at, Ithe ght arne a-d With ffi right pstposi, a IAy the tria ofmntsters - wh1cl Woldled -c'pld1~es a o de i, a the sight ine as way , 1ich il help to bong people bark othe cofetence tah, and A hp Teovr Hdoto tto Prdnt of the Atm1I Movernmi, %ow to South A1a to notmeretyasa prestige gesare' ltlt- in the funeral of te W~s of tho Bolpton massnoro 0029 . Ho was iootod by the 100l Theewordereveal mach m cl~~ antheVOCouncil ofChurches.Ast~oftheof~~d EowdedItO the small Iahoutitish and C cy and ~tnI,0BolpO hojttfo , w a~rarstl ayolytte, mttfmmtho ~cho the, staenint adopted at ýJ t MAPO, SACP, COSATIJ, NACTII, aM100 l C~uOttOIy k~doo .O 00 OhO.~ tho oatlo theEC tmeilaobnath hOthocItOIn South Aft illug Des~m l utu. Frank ChIk 4 ANTI-PARTHEID NEWS 0 JULY/AUGUST 1992 SA women in Thabi Shange is secretary of the Natal Women's Centre and works in a rural development projectin Natal. She told Deborah Ewing how, while political leaders are conducting a high-profile international campaign for peace in South Africa, women are waging a quieter dalily struggle to survive the violence and build a uetter life. ___ESIDENTS in Natal whout ibs securiybuthe snmostftherme *sa, , 'a a mysteryis how ofu therg hck conunm-es cope Wit all thin tus-to check ontheirhome-and oreence los to save theirskin tocookb goigoutand sleepirg int he hush. Isere isoltical fghting but ther are aL- 'border war, between wards ntoled by, diffrent 1ef, forexaaople. The borderigh beIdetircated by a oad, hich w al need to use, so people are literally cought as crossfre We due.t ko, where the fighting will land next, owe lee - yeveryo keepson the nin and no one knows whether they are sale. Of couse, we have developed veryfne surviVal strategies in the case of political violence: where one political pary doninates,say lnkathaicvitingpeople to be members and show their cardsortodismantletheirhormes and nove away, people decide simply to have two cards. They hide the card of the organisation they support, and that of the one they don't support, in different places. People are prepared to go to enemy party meetings J-1, to get permission to ran theIr vegetable stal.' Thabi has always been used to seeing parols bring up cthidraansenadthemo school at conmusmigtneenemyaotn ey usuallyknowwhothe enenyidespite all the propaganda, itis the onewhoisforcingthem. How people don't develop ulaer and have nervous breakdon the real question mark!' The Natal Women's Centre ais to cut through this pretence to tackle some of the practical problems facing the conimnities: 'There are so many programmes aimed at creating animosity between black groups that we can be proud that we are Sotho, Ndebele, Xhosa, Zulu, whatever. Afterall. we all belong to South Africa 'We are doing a needs assessment of the whole of Natal, zoning up a region aboutthe size ofScotland andassessing resources in terms of what women can provide We want to know what are the burning needs in both ruralnd a areas somet.i.. es when we etpect women to talk about the oppresson, it is actrally the lak of ]ean warer they are woried about theboreholes and rivers are getting lower and the children are at school so they can't help collect water.' Since 1989, Thabi has been Difrector of Pilisiszwe a commaraty based development association working on 'basic survival issues in the rural areas'. It is open to anyone but has mainly women membe 'Women are manyandwearecompassionate. That is one ofourstrengths, along with perseverance and comaitment whenour children andour homes are threatened, we are there and we will dare fire, or anything Blut thi has been taken as a weakness, soething that can be used by political parties and churches dominated by rien.' .One ofThabi,' major frustrations is the way women's responsibility in thestrugglehasnot been translated into authority: 'White and black men pay lip service to women's role. If women seriously challenge the status quo, theygo down We are told' we are over-ambitious, undemocratic. So we are not in high-profile politics. Anyway, that's a luxury when we are engaged in the struggle in terms of survival 'Our politics is about organisImg howwe are going to survive better, the plitics of the poor whohave beer good organsers survival and managers of crisis We are working with people who have survived apartheid; they don't needsomeonetoteachthemhow to do things. After we held a planning meeting with women who said they wanted to start businesses and get local credit, wewereaskediftheseweremally the ideas of rural, black, uneducated women' 'Our politics is the politics of the poor who have been good . organisers and managers of crisis' Thabi is also concerned that international attention focuses only on the sensational national tagedies ofSouthAficaand does nottake up these practical crises facing people locally. 'There is a "Hollywood" style of events that attracts organisations, including solidarity and development groups. Boipatong has come and gone; something else will come and go but the long-term problems will remain - food, water, housing, training.' Thabi believes these issues inustbeaddressed acrossipolitical divides. When the women's centre, based in Durban, was started in May last year it passed a resolution not to be affiliated to anypolitical party 'Whether you are ANC, Inkatha, PAC, the churches, you qualifyh y being a South African woman Thoughi am ANC, I will not take my hat with me. I am very loyal to my organisaton but I want an equal oppormurty to achiese my sio together with all other women 'W¢hen skin aparthei is gone and its legacy remans, we don't want to be dilly-dallying about equality withot addressing pracIcal prohlems. 'the solidanty movements should be lobbying for restracgingo the econotac andsocial system and for a budget for training and education that actoally produom. people ftorthe nation. We need targets and figures "The -existing government must be pushed to start special programmes, making up for inequalities, Telecommunications, raiwaysand oilieressential but privatised servicesshould be under the catchrment of the government to tackle the problems of unemployment, poverty and the skills deficit, We need people- centred, not profitcentredprojectsthatserve public interests, and only the state is capable of coordinating such an enterprise. It won't destroy a mixed economy it is not communism, it is crimmon sense.' * Thabi Shange, of Mbangeni, in northern Natal is a graduate of Lesotho andWits universities and the first grantee to visit Britain through the Joan Wright Memorial Trust. Women denied right to have their say A woman's place is in the struggle, but so far there has been little room for her in thestructures of SouthAfrica's democratic organisations. Sadie Forman describes how South African women are working to help themselves and at the same time are trying to make sure that their voices are heard at all levels in the liberation movement HERE was so muchhope as South Africa in February 1990. The main players in the liberation movement began to plan for a post- apartheidSouth Africa and, as part of this, in May 1990, the ANC executive committee issued a radical statement on the emancipaton of women in South Africa. It declared: 'Gender oppresston is everywhere rooted in a material base., inSo~uth Africait is instittionalised in the laws as wellas the customs and practices of alour people. Thepr"eenofpamtachal attitodes permeates our own organisains. The absence of sufficient numbes of women in oar orgaasatios, especially at decision Imaking levels, and the lack of a strong mass women's organmyation has bee to the detriment of our snruggle.' The fial pargraph recog nisedthat -n inoucsocietywll co willingly relinquish the benefits derived from the subservienthalfof thepopulation It proclaimed 'Although the dominatt always findit difficult in the short term to give up age-old porivileges and habits, in the long run they only stand to gain from living in a world in which the health, happiness and welfare of all is guaranteed.' These frewords have, so far, remained justthat. Theedsastrous developments of the past two years have changed the agenda and put post- apartheid plans into abeyance. But, despite the destruction and turmoil, women countrywide are doing all they cantocarryonworingforpeace Asemnarheld at Cape Town University inMarh 191 on rape andcild sexual abuse hmSoweto Sreporedonthe Jarollrs, gangs of paid rapists' 'The rape of schoolgirls in howeto is terrorsing f.emales into dropping out of school, therefoeUndermiing theei fuore lob opportunities Many are also boming prsgnant, an explicit goal of the JacitroLlees who want to revent girls from having opportunities de 1ed these ten The issues of rape, sexual and child abuse are aken up n the campaign for a Women's Charter initiated by the ANC Women's League, The Women's League has formed a CAmpaign Coalition consistng f68-uwomen'sorgni sations with the object of going into every comer of the land to record women's needs and demands. The affiliated women's groups include inkatha, the Girl Guides and an AfrikaansWomen's Land Group (Vroue Landbou) NosimoBalindlela, aWomen's League NEC member, whocomes Police lead -wy a Mmer of lhe ANC Weiss..'.s League after a grixip poome red Point symbollsing te blood of Botpatong victims on the step. of pdlamet In Cape T..n Pote: AMYt uredowlAP from Sttuerheim in the Eastern grames are being put into CapeandisinLondononathree- practice as quickly as possible moTrh development coarse, tells A huge project fora women's of theworkthatwoten are doing centre in Stutterheim has been to make the Women s Charter a blue-printed and the League isin living document, theprocessofraisingmoneyfor - Working co-operanves are the centre. being formed with a view to In Cape Town, a women's 'making women self-sufficient, college is being opened on 11 training and education pro- July. This, too, was a Womes League initiative which involved an alliance of women s organisations. Hundreds ofapplications. have already been received for courses in computing, driving, small business management and other subects at three projected centres in Guguletu, Khayelitsha and the Belvile Technicon. But wherever women activists ih the movement work, they come up against a but-initransigence, mostly from men, but also from some women. This was very clearly demonstrated at the ANC conference last July AttheANC Women'sLeagues first national conference in April 1991, it was agreed that at least 30% of positions in all ANC structures, including the national executive committee, should be held by women. The proposal caused the longest and most heated debate of the July conference and was defeated. ANC member Frene Ginwala commented: 'The ANC in exile' has adopted very progressive positions on the emancipation of women...' But sbe goeson tosay, "The ANC leadership laded to act in conformity with its policy. This was evident when very few women were on the interim leadership structures appointed by the NBC to establish the ANC inside South Africa.' The absence of women inthe decision-making bodies of the organisation was particularly evidentattheCodesa talks. Of the 220 peopleatthenegotiatingtable of Codesa I there were only two women with speaking rights and they were not from the ANC. Worst of all, the concerns of women wereniot being expressed in Codesa. This motivated the Women s League to initiate the Charter Campaign, and make recommendations to each of the five working groups. Thereommendatoasrnta that Codesa must address suceh issaues as violence against women, the possession of weapons by private persons, women in the police and defence forces and the media, education about Codesa and the participation ofwotmen in Codesa. On the working group dealtng with the constitution andBill of Rights, the ANCWL stated that it 'does not seek rights forwomen that ar tn any way different from those enjoyed by all citizens. However, because of the history of subordination of women, and the fact thatwomen bearchildren special provision will have to be made to ensure that women are, in fact, equal to men In a democratic South Africa. The recommendations for Working roup 4, on the future of the TivC states (Transkei, Bophuth..swana,Venda. Ciskei) are of greit significance, After 'independence. the TBVC states enactedlegislationallowingpolygamy, the flogging of women, the prohibition of married women s employment in the civil service, and dscrimination in marriage and family relations. The Womens League demanded that all laws operating against women be repealed The munmediate future requires a superhuman ability on the part of the ANC leadership to take wise decisions, the kind of decisions that might bring peace if it was women who were deciding the next step. ANTIAPARTEID NWW$ @ JJLY/AUGUST 1992 5 The adoption of UN Security Council Resolution 765 opens the way for international monitoring of the violence. Anti-Apartheid News examines what this means ln practice. Rapid response team needed in crisis areas As A NewS goes to press, Cyrus Vance, the UN secretarygeneral'sspecial representative, spreparing to fly to South Africa for discussions with all parties in order to draw up recommendations on the measures necessary to end the violence. e addressedarethosei detified by the intemational Hearing oni Political Violence * tereie'sove t oratot Sthe eXistence of special units directlyinkedto the prooton and instigation of the tiolence * the" absence of impartial policng : n the faitre to inveétgate and proecte rase. of polincal violence the coveup of cases in-. ' "volvin the secunty forces * the role of single-sex hostels * the lack of ffective control over the carring of dangerous weap.ons Secondly it is essential to understand the reasons why the struremres set up under the National Peace Accord including the Goldstone Conmission have failed to acevedtieirobjectives. Evidence presented to the Iternational Hearing sho-ed h., they have been effertively subverted by the South Aftc-an reite; indeed it bas ignored miany of the Goidstone Coantission'stajor recomendatios. ln paricalar there i, no capacity wtthi the franework of the Naional PeaceÅccordtdealwith covert operations -wlch rure rently accoant for R5 billion etipenditurè by the regine. In contastthestnacttrsetupunder the Accod are statved of lnds. Likewisete Coldstone Comimsnion lacks effective investigative mechanisoandrhiesitteadon the regile's secunty forces. If itnationalmonitoing is to be effeetiveit must have as its m date thetaskoftackdingthese issues. Although it is for the ANC and others to come up with a detailed franework to presentto the UN it is possible to idenfy a number of means by which this could be achieved: b an intemational unit whose overall tasks wotId be to act au command structure for the monitors and teams outlined below and with the necessary powers to take action to end the violence, eg powe to dose down hoste!s, introduce banson caryingdangeousweapoms, etc; S.international monitors based in potential areas of conilict, eg townships, single-set -hostels, commuter trams, with the capacity of rapid response at ttmes of crisis In order to ensure an ifmediate end to the violence andinpartialpolicingopemtion of such ~ses b international teams with powers to investigate, take evidence, and make recommendations in relation both to actsofpoliticalviolence but also the regie's covert operations, special units, etc; b intemational participati0n in moves to establsh a new unifled police and security force under rmulti-party control. Clealysuch an international operationwillrequirethere tosurrendermarypowerswhich it clings to on the grounds that it is a sovereign state, But the UN needs torennd De Klerk thathe rules by a constitution which the IN Secuity Council declared ra 1984 to be 'null and void. The South African regime has no legitimacy and the tIN has to insist that if it is to establish a presence in South Africa then it must be one which really can helpbrlnganendtotheviolence. Township residents warned of massacre incing mtat otra le -ctran Nationai'Congressand the Inkatha Freedom Pvy were imphecaed in the, violence received widespread cverage in the South Afian aidBtitih press Infact, the Coi=ýi iits second interim ,port, -de stingent ceiticisnu of the Soith Aficangovemmentand uecuy forces: and imporant reconmendations which went largely unreported. Judge Goldstone said that fe had not 'exonerated te secuy foeces from contributing to the vte len,, oriegoveraaetfroin cupabilpty for fating to ake suflciendy finn steps to prevent cminaå conduct by mombers of the sectuty forcs. The mal problems with the com insin aethatits resoueces are totallyadequate andthatits recommendations have been ignoed by the regine. It has only a few trained investigatom; to be effertive it needs tearas of investigators to condurt as own in-depth enquiries instead of having to depend on corrupt police investigation. tt needsto be able toprotect S wimesses; Marty witoesaes and potental wInesses have been imurdered, like Saul Tsotetsi in Sebokeng, so few ppe arenow prepared to coe forward. A crucial weaknes of the S National Peace Accord is that its procediresrelyon the police for 9 a, pogeanm, for the potection of witoesses b the esalsmn f sp-cil ovilen- cosut. ~~o ns irespedy and offe-d- la-aoti0fthose involved i. the massa r b new powers for the many monitoring groups wb~c1 at present are sideliedd Revd Frank Chikae, SACC generalereai, told the haring that a v-ew was emerging that there shouldbe a specialintemal peacekeepingforce, He stressed thatany International monitoing team must have investgative powers, not just the status of observers; it must work dosily with the interial mooring groups. rialess the deadlock as the negotiations is resolved', he sad, 'all this wil be meani4leas.' He senta message to the tNSecuity Council that there must be e e peace montotra'g systeas, not just act-finding missions, and thar the international cottamni ymust helpremi'- 6 ANTI-APARThEID NEWS * JULY/AUGUST 1192 Inkatha's private army Two years after KwaMakhutha township came under the control ofthe KwaZulu Police (ZP), six residents applied to the Natal stpreme court for an interdict to restrain the KZP from assaulting, threatening and harassing them and other residents. Alan Brooks reports. KWAMAKHUTHA is one of several black townships near Dudban. It offers a microcosm of the political violence that has engulfed Natal i recent years, creating tens of thousands of refugees. In 1988, when the KZP took over control of the local police station from the South African Police (SAP), harassment of local people perceived as being ANC supporters soon became the order of the day. After pro-ANt3 community leaderlRaphael Mkize and hrswife Winniewere murderedonrtMarch 1990 by four KZP officers, some 6,000 women marched to the eairest SAP post and presented a petition' demanding the withdrawal of the ZP from the area. AnTonthlater, theKZP unleashed a reprisal ran page which forced hundreds of womehand children to flee the township and take refugein church halls i Dutban ;to cou application by the ss resirdencsfolowe.. A mass of eidenue proffered in suppont of the applicaton in cluded an affidavit by Joseph Kabanyane. himselfuarfestdenrof K-aMakhut-aHeatdthathebadspen ete oftheZP shotat cthildren who were runing past I home o de, afternoon of 9 April 19% Thc recent, 4Annesy~ Intfullona Sosuth Africa reconts what S-rgtwo 986uth fia 1I-61f 2sAP) vansothc road, he ,stoppedone of themad ... asked them to restrain te KZP from fther ",di tniate shoothsg. Tte police officers un the van owever, were m fret members of the Kzp whobeganstoslap and punch him, the plice officers pulled birn out and across th road to here about 20 members of the KZP were lined up, shoot ing with ites down into .hevalley at houes in another seconof the township... Apoli'captain, who ... appeaedto bdirec- operations ... did not intervene when thepolice othcers draggedJoseph Kabunyane into Is preseceand begantoasnsulthima:gas. The oristo ppedailtnghim ena jkt church leader intervn-i giving fvahaism-nthe pRocanolty to mn away The remarkable fact, about Kabanyane is that he is not an ANC activist or Crsfam trade uniordist, but a CID detctivesergeant with a record of service in the SAP going back to 1963. His action for damages against the KwaZulu ilanister of police was settled oat of conur The Supreme Court granted the interdict requested bythe six residents. But none of the KZP officers identified in the sworn testimony accepted by the court was suspended or prosecuted. The KZP went on another rampage in December 1990 and January 1991, and in July last year another community leader Emmanuel Bhengu was murderedinhis home in the presence offhisfamily. Called to the scene, members of the KZP neither entered the house nor took statements from the relatives. The KZP was formed in Februaryt98l, initiallyanderthe KwaZulu justice departmeut Later a separate Department of Police was formed with Chief Butheleznia roinisterofpolice. It is funded directly by the South African goveminent andmit most semior offlceriu appointed by the South African minier of law and order Since 1989, it has been headed by Major-General Jac Buchner, a former head of the SecaridtyBranch in Pietermat but9 anrona ef te most expeni oncd tellige ofein the ounty. By 191 he KZP con pite afoef qoe '1SS0 and bad replaced the S4f itn all the area compraising the K" 7'id antastan TheK7P has tven thr Inkathla PFredonm Part a brutal cuting edge in drive to destroy ANC and Cosa influence on die ground both rural ancuran areas In 1989, a KZPofficer ontrial for marder told the Durban Supreme Courthat he and other recruas werespecfcallynstucted atthe KwaZulu PoliceCollege to join Inkatha In practice, the KZP funcions astlearedwrng of Inkatha, and makes no pretence of seeking to perform an miparnal role This helps to explain why many mn Natal's black townsips would rather see the SAP in contol ofthe KZP- even though there is aamle eidence of ppllaboration b.tween the -o fqrces Bee ris Kaban1yane'I case reveals, fhre are at least "some sAP officers peparl to stand up to the KZ. The only hope of i "paral policing n Natal would he if the KZP were disbanded and a new fore ncorporatsg the SAP, setup underthe control ofa government genumelydetermined to stop the violence. POLITICAL Huge death toll in township massacres THERE have been 49 massacres since July 1990, according to the South Afican Human Rights commission. The Commission defines a massacre as an incident in which at least 10 people losetheirlives. July 1990was the month during which Inkatha announced its formation of a nationally based political party, the Inkathea Freedom Party (IFP) and violence spread from Natal to the townships around Johannesburg. One thousand two hundmd and fifty people died in the massacres and on 15 occasions the death toll was higher than 25: The HRC stresses that as well as the massacres there have been numerous other incidents in which altogether more than 6,000 people have died and 13,000 have been injured. Character of te massacres The following points emerge strongly from the massacres: * The drive by Inkatha to establish political influence" and membership is the predominant theme. * Extreme terror is used indiscrminately against township communities in an attempt to paralyse and disorganise ther, * There are persistent reports of security force complicity in the massacres, as well as of the involvement of unidentified whites. " Hostels are used as bases in plan and launch the killings. * The actions sometimes provoke retaliation which leads to further deaths. Where did the masacres take place? Natal - 11 massacres in which 167 people were killed. (Many thousands more lost their lives in the prevtous five years); East Rand - 14 massacres (476 deaths); Soweto - 9 massacres (245 deaths);Vaal-8 massacres (195deaths); Aleandra-4 miasasreS (89 deaths); West Rand - 2 massacres (57 deaths)y Johannesburg - I massacre (21 deaths). Who carried oeut the illings? In most casr media and other reports refer toiallegations about the identity of the attackers. The Human Rights commission has drawn the following conclusions from these: * IFP members and supporters weeresponsible for 34 massacres " 'Vigilantes, almost certainly aligned with the IFP, for three massacres. * Security fores ere directly responsible for four massacres. * ANC suppotters and township residents for six massacres. * There was clue as to the identity of the atackers in ten massacres. * There was shared responsibility in eight massacres. Who wow. the victims? * ToWnship residents were the victims i 36 massacres. " Residents specifically identlfied as ANC supporters were additionally victims in 10 massacres. SFP memers and supporters were victims in nine massacres. * In si ma cres hoth opposing parties were victims. On three casonfnerals adglswere attacked; beethallsaere attacked i o inidets commuters were attacked on three occasionts.Allegationtsofsecuitt'force involvemlethave beenllmde in relaton toh19ofhnnatisacres. Inhinie massacres, victims have alleged tat they saw unidentlied white people on the scee. Thesecurityfomes have madeveryfew arests asa ressof the massacres. Those who have been arrested are almost always released on bail and almost no cases have come to court. The Human Right Commission concludes 'There can he little doubt that there is a design and purpose behind most of the massacres that places them'alongside the gas chambers of Nazi Germany in sheer cold- blooded cynicism and brutality. Inftrmation from a Special Briefing by the Human Rights Commission. Hundreds -killed in random attacks on rush-hour commuter trains. ON 9 October last year, gunmen wielding AK47 machine gum, boarded a crowded East Ranitrain and opened fire, killing four commutersaindserouslywounding ten others. Where thi, attack was different from dozens of others was that the comnuters managed to overpower one of the attackers and hand him over to the police. GealidO'SYiltant reponts. "Law and order spokesman CaptainCraig Kotze praised the capture, saying'thisis thekindof civilian cooperation the police have been asking for all along'. I Thera lantAlbiolanai, a resident of Mdal hostel ini hearbyKatieaoing~clavredian interview that he was an impor rant member of the Inkatha Freedom Party. He was released on bail of 2,000 (Z400). No charges were put to him, and he was nt asked to plead. Since July 1990, over 230 commuters have died and five times that number have been injured in train attacks. A large ,proportion of the deaths ar6 the result of people being thrown from moving trains; or leaping through windows and doors in fear for their lives. Te South Afrcan Potoe have repeatedclaimed that thryare doing their utmost to catch the attackers, butherehasnot been one siigle convicion to date, On the contrary, in the handful of instances where arrests have taken place, the suspects have been released on bail, not anted to plead, or have had the charges provisionally withdrawn. The pattern of the attacks is dep rigly faoibar, The random slaughtrofcomnutersinoMotmbique has ong1- enornforient of Nsteror, the ientraci bieg to sap the resources ofthe rirell govenmmit. Similarly, by targetingorwnslap iesidents, killing them on rosh-hour trns where people are conveniendy crowded together to maxinse deaths, the assailants ain to udetnate the capacity of the ASC to organaise their supporters in and around Johannesburg.TheANCis forced to spend valuable time and resources dealing with the violence insteadofmabithingto end apartheid. The state, meanwhile, is tying to use the violence to postion itself asthe neutl party in the midst of what it variously portrays as a' black-on-black, Zutu-versXus-tXha, ANC-againsttskatha confict, But the panes of the attacks does not bear this out. Firstly, the attacks tend to peak at crucial political junctures. One of the wonst aracks, which left 23 dead and 10 lisiured, tookplace on 13 Septemdber 1992, the day before the National Peace Accord was signed. Secondly, the few attackers who have been apprehended have all clured to be Inkatha members. Indeed, the Inkatha Youth Brigade leader for the Transvaai, Themba Khosa, admittedlInkatha'sresponsibility for an incident on 23 October ast year when 9 people died and 36 were injured. -He claimed that inkatha had acted in self-defence because hey hadbeen prevented from boarding te trai. In numerous instances, eyewitnessin have reported that after the asacks, assailants fled to. hostels, all Ikatha stronghotii. Angered by almojsttotal govemnentinaction, comuters staged an extremely successful week-fongboycot inMay, which saw trains running 95%/0 empty, focing Spoomet, the ralway authority, to commit itself to a definite progmm to improve secority. These short-term measures will coutt for nothing though, as long as the state and the police continue in ton a bind eye to theearage 00 the trais, , An analys of the comnareir killings, eDei on e Track, has been published by the indepen t Board of Inquiry Into leformal eRpreesio. a Johaenesbug-based organlsation, which is exposing the fatn tiuisth iolnce ,.. VIOLE ÅNTPAR~I.ID NEWS 9 JULY/AUGUST 1992 7 Who's behind the killings 4C E ffi. g~TE FCS SinisterforcesIlebehindcthe kilIi ngs whiach are rackt ng South Africa's black townships. There is evidence that undercover units have mastermn«ed the assassinationFortresses offear ofpoliticalopponentsandthatorganisedkillersare fomenting the violence. Gavin Cawthra reports on the Central tothe violence- in Alexandra, Soweto, the East groups behind the killings. Rand and the Vaal townships south of Johannesburgare the hostels, huge and dilapidated, housing up to- POTCALvTolencehasclaaned acitvated, the ANC says. The 8091livessceDeKlerk camet movement has no doubt that De 500,0migrantworkers.separatedfromtheirfamiles, power and declared the season Klerkknowsahouttbeý pigtgn. many of them, but not all, Zulu-speakers from Natal of violence i over' The securty suctures inThe hostels have become armed fortresses from which The govetmes secrity volveditheviolenceoperatem attacks are launched against the surrounding foreshaveplayedamtnegralpa a shadowy world of counterin the bloodhhed, and De Klerk tsur encvwherecovet actions communities. IN Alexandra. north of Johannesburg, three barrack-like buldings tower over the rows of bo-like hoses and the surrotinding squatter settlement which make up the township. Violence .here erapted i Mach 1991; local residents say that untithen theyhadhadgood relatissvwtlthe hostel dwelers. Significantly, it followed the arrtval of a new group of hostel restdens - unetployed men from KwaShange in Natal who were brought i, a ,onvoy of 75 buses and promised ,]hosa jos' on the Reef. Many of the original residents were expelled Since.thetn aleast 26 attack, have beenlaunchedfromMadala and neighbourig Nobhole hostei agai toweship restdenta, leavmng 106 people dead and at least 133m;nured. The area around Mtaduaa has hecome ano-go atea for residenis and many people have letheir hoites alter being harassed for proteton tnoney Altogether, heiween July 1990, when vnlence spreadfrm Natal and April 1,992 there have been more than260 atnacks on ,townshtp residento, hy hostel imares Inaving at'least 1,207 peoplk dead and J,697 injured. As Well as lexan dra, the worst lut areas äe IhMeadose lands district of Sriweto, w¢here the attackers comre from the Mztmhfophe hostel, the East Sand, whtch has a high concennration of hosteL, and the Vaal towrohips ofSebokeng, Sharpeville and Boipatong. There le much evidence of non-Zulus lhemn driven out of hostels from which attaèka have taken place. In pretona, where the hostelshuse manlyTswana and Pedi spealters, they are pant of the aocal communiy Mny Zulu -speakers who do notrat ae pr in theatacks have also been i nutated and there tssomeevidece ofa grow ing desrle aewlthn sorne htoels whichnhs being suppressed hy so-called warlord.s The social strucure and squald condios te the hostels are ideal breeding grons leor violenoe. Many ofthe tnars come from mmrl areas of Natal and Pän be manipulated by playgon trihal hierarchies and loyalties. The 'warloeds' are from different background- some come from traditional leading famlies others arec rhals. InMAexandiu, PholaPark and Soweto there have meen re pon of the South Aflein Police ,arresting' people and then ianding them over to hostd dwellen tant Aparl the chIperson of Odando West CiVi Association, Weston Shahangu, said that he had receved ifor mationfro theye-witoeaes thata young hoy had heen aiducted by a polheman and taken to a local hostel. ~W ruahed tn tlh hotelantarrivedi jstm the w11l1 1- e f thodel -deles Ou, helie ifd e~cdis., himself has enefited politically from the violence, which has amvedatthattimetheboywould destabilised the ANC and underhave been kled.' tmied its support base. The other The police do litfe to disarm main beneficiaryis Inkatha which hoatel residents, This is i spite has been able to carve out for of the facit that sol-e hostelb are itself a political role far more medtostockpileweapo- guns imponantthanitslmtedsupport aswellasletaipaýgs,machetes (noniorethan 10percent)would and spears, and are used as suggest. trafthig cateps, ia the me of That the spark for the bloodfirea-ms. lening s ofhen provided by the ln Alexandra and Thokoza secry forces is now beyond black policemen have com douht Andvolenshasbeenable plainedthafiweaposconfiscated ro gain a grip on comsumunities from hostels are later retared wecauseofthefadareofthepolice on the grounds that no cries to act againsi those responsible. had Ieen oitned with them The South African Police has 1ter have been n)meros nye- secefly funded inkatha and the wimess accounts of white polIce- defence force as ttained several men helpig hostel dwellers hundred.of ita supponem, many launch atta cka by giving them ofwhom were given false police transporn and supplyi~g them identificatins and posced to with od and drk i pohce stations ro the KwaZulu In the second repot ofthe [ aniusitan. Goldstone Commissinn, Judge Amnesty Inteational, the Richard Goldsaone recommen- International Commissin of dedthathostelsshotadbefeoced iusta and monitoring orgaiand that pollce shoid ensure sations i South Africa have that no anas are taken mor out documenrteddozensofmcidenn Botrtowoship residents are where the police hàave fadled ro convincedrtat nothing will help prevent Inkatha antacks on ANC Sitheyioleoqaebarrtse losiir supporters, or.have acov ely of the h-l paniielnther-raids Most recently, the Congress from state intelligentce of South African Trade 1io- "soafes, the ANC has pieced (Ciosat), which lderand. the rogether a pictre of Operation peoblenms fared by migrant Thanderstonn'. thecampaign to worlkersandthi.eeilforaccont- estabile and eaken the inodation in the townships, has novement throughviolence and called for theatninediate closare thus deliver it to De Klerk at the of hostels which are flashpoints negotiating table Secret netof violence works of the Departmet of The South African govern- Mditary Intelligence, the Reconment's fadure to take any action naissance Commandos (South on such hostels is Lusi one more Africa's equivalent of the SAS), pointer to the way in which it is and the police Security Bratch conniving at the violence of now renamed the Crime Intel which itis thé malt henelciaýy. ligence Service have been are a way of life. Often the only indication that they have bad a hand is the repored iresence of armed men, orten disgned in balaclavas, bat sometmes still wearmg secority force umnfor. Some of the operations, like the train ma-acres, have been carried out with nity precision, and many ,dearly involve good intelligence and access to sophistcated weapons. The anacks are not lways directed at the ANC, In the Trust Feets case in Natal, the judge found that the police had killed Inkathasupponersas pan oftheir campaign to snr op vilence. Once the violen has been sparked, the police do itde to stop it Police have refused >o disar Inkatha suppontes - a stance unil recendly soppored by Dellerk,whohasarguedthey have a right to bear 'nmral weapons'. The police have also fall ed to investigate crmes and bring Inkatha inmbers to hook. ln Natal, where there have been niore than 5,00 plcal ma(r ders only fve per cent are ,,end h-ayy ,, nimals Sven1 Justice1 tloldsone, 21p poinedby De2 Kerkmtnvetige poltical iolence, has slat,ed the police for faling totake steps agaimat Ilhtha suppOrters le hostelsthejhaenaöluega'ea which have been osed as bases for attacksonANC commutt tes The pattem is lear, even if thedetasare oftenmurky covert counerinsurgency units of the secury forces sparkoffviolence wlhch the palicethen fhll tostop, or encoumige throgh support for nkatha, andDeKlerkandhis msinisrers tuimna blind eye to it all. 8 ANn-PARTHEI NEWS 4 JULY/AUGIST 1992 Chequered paths to peace In Angola elections are scheduled for September, but the rebel movement, Unita, has still not demobilised its soldiers orhanded over its weapons. In drought-stricken M9zambique talks between the government and the Mozambique National Resistance (Renamo) seem poised for a breakthrough, but South African- financed Renamo is still attacking lorries carrying desperately needed food supplies, lan Bray reports on recent developments. Unita reneges on agreeme nt There are growingconcernsthat the peace process as Angola is running tito serious problems. Registeation of the estimatedfive milnlieligbletovorteinAngola's flrst elecion began in Mayiswel behind schedule. Votee registration, which has tun into ioevitable problems of logistcs. wa, due to end on 21 Joly bot i likely to be extended to 15 August Etectionsare setfor lat September. Mrfloutros Boutros-ali. the UN secretay genetal, told the IJN Secunrty Coutcil, The polical and secuty atinosphere throughost Angola rein teose and could yet deral the process if not conained.' He appealed for the donor coun to provide vehi!el, tnt andother éuipmiienttelp with the electoral and the deomobillsation process. More wrrylog i the slow progress on the detnobilisation of the mro amies. Under the tenns ofthe peace accords both armieswere to be conf'med, with their weapons, to UN monitored assembly points. Many soldiers have failed to assenble atthe desgnated areas and none of the t~ nissles given to Unita by theý US have been handed over. Neither has Unita surrendered its heavy weapons. The UN bas 350 military perotnel and 126 chilian pöice to rinnitor the demObIti. Many obserera see this nunibe as totally inadequate. Duriathe ian-up to electiotsn nighbouring Natmtibia the UN bad allocated 6,000 ofcials. Nambia's populatiot was 1.8 mifii Angolas I.morthan 10 mllion. Two deftors fronthe rebel nioventent UU ita, Nzau Puna and Tony Peraodeæ, have acsed Jonas Savimbi of keeping a 20,000-strong army in reserve. ULni týtihemedydetiedthe chrge bet the MPIA govenment, along with the ioint mottoring coimm~ission (which indludes Unita officers) and the United Nations took the ategatrons seously enough to mount ahelicoptersearchacross southemAngola. There was no sign of the issing soldiers. Diety nicks and propaganda are being employed to destabilise the process. One of the most notoious examples of o -isin formation was a story fed to foreign newspapers about a plot to assassinate Jonas Savimbi. OnlythetLondon-basedlndependent was gllible enough to give the unsourced and unsubstaniated story any credit last June. Its editor refused to print a leter from the Angolan atobassador to Bitan correcting the article. New hope in Mozambique THE eleventh round of peace talk betlwen the Mozabique govemment and the South African backed Mozambique Natioaalles~iaea(Rcnamo)are close to a significant breakAfrerna rh titanIw year of talka the Mkzamnbique govetri ~ient baantally nutaged to get team wt begtlat dc t i"ay mattees at the tafk in ANTI*PARTHEI NEWS 9 JULY/AUGUST 1»2 9 Campaign to free Churches say 'defy unjust iaws' prisoners THIE RELEASE of all political prisoners s now one of the key demands whi~t the the ANC s puttng to the South African regime before tt will consider participation ta negottations over the future ofSouth Africa. This makes the campaign whichlSATls andtheAAMoinly launched in May evert mote relevant. The campaigo is almed atsecuringa general anesty fot all politieal prisoners whilst encouragtng organisations and tndividutals tocampaigrsn behalf of individual prisoners. Ahready mote than one hundted o'ganisations and indivtduals have pladgedttake upthecases of speeifcpJoners. The campatgo is urrettly fotusing on the 141 political prisoners who appear on an audif list. Thi ts the Lofthose prisoners who it ws agre fell within the categones of politial prisoners at meettogs last year between human rigts orgam attons and the Deparmnent of Correctional Services. Claire McMaster, the SATIS co-ordinator, commenring on the caampaign, said: There has been a very encouraging response. We hope son to be able to starr catmpaigas for the 200 and more political pttsoners who ren'ton the audit list. Their cases were under consideration whea the regame uniflaterally broke off the meetings.' The case for ac"ion by the British goveto nt was pas by At its annual conference held in Durban on 6-10 Julythe South African Council of Churches took a historic decision to disobey 'unjust laws' and to back mass action against te De Klerk regime. AANews reports on the conference, which reflected unprecedented anger and frustration, as weil as a deep commitment to peace and justice. grows delegation from SATIS and the AAM led byeofifrey Bindtan at a meeting with senor Foreign office offitals on 17 June - jst homrs before the Boipatong massacre. The delegatuonstressed the need fot sargent uction on the issae'following the deadiock at Codesa 11 The fiat sign that the egrune iay~ Ove the demad for the release at pohtical pnsooers was made by Forg ltr~tster Botha rhea" be. addreased the IN, Seenty Council on 16 july and spoke of the possibiity of a package deal involving political prtsoners.. A,-;,patginpark habr. prxduced consisting of a CatptgtBriefingarcampaignadvice sheer plas model leters to the .. gvrtment, F Wde Klerk, ocal, MPs, MEPs, and a sample leafletand poster. FREE ALL P L,ý IPRISONERC IN SOUTH AFRICA l - 1, 1 .Afrtcan regtme'. These tocluded disobeying "unjust laws and practce~ in obedience to God fasttng and hungar stfkes anda tass campaign, Mass action, the conference declared, 'has been pecessitated by the deadlock occasioned by the govemments inwillingness to accept genuine democsoc processes'. Onthefol fie,thedele gae agced hat there was an ative govert t Strategy that inrludes vtolent destabilisaon'. proposalsfr anational peacekeeping force provoknd tatense discussion. A resolution was passed caling for an integrated peace force 'of substantal numbers from the SADF, Umakhonto we Siwe, APLA, ZALA and the "independent bantstans' polace and defence forces' ender the control ofeither a multipayor an international body. The itemational romntuity wascalledupontoplare pressar upon the South Afrian regaine, as wel as to assist in montoring and peace-keepig activities. Delegates were concemed about unemploymen and poverty, and felt that this could oalvhe elioredy sablkaiög socty andpronotingeonomtic growth. Coaference supported a catmpaigo for the exempion of basic foodstuffs from VAT, togeth i medicine, warer and electricr. It fondefmed the shipireot of plutonm around the South Afr-art coastline and ralled for the immediate wtthdrawal of tse Defence Amnendment Act. whtch was rushed through the last sesion of the Soutf Afriran parharnet. There were -any more women delegates [an at previoas conferences anda resolution wa, adopted asking for women to be ..iuded' at j11 levels of ou church strurtares'. Coference un.derlited the need för ,dialogueSeth the fastgrowiug Zioorst a Chuh. 'Constituent assembly must meet - SACC PRESIDENT 1e Klerk must tkr full rTesponibliry fot the actroas of the secuty f-orces, church leaders insisted followmng the ~mssacreatBoipatong,Thenthey should be brougit under multiparty control. On behalfoftheiSouthAfñcan Councilof Churches,Archbishop Desmond Tum and the SACC's general secretary and president, Frank Chikane and Dr Khoza Mgojo, also insisted that 0 those responsible for the killings atBoipatong and in other areas must be arrested, charged and convicted 9 the govement should issue astatement oftenttoconpemte with the èitbltiuhent of an intemarional presence tomonitor the vioence and the negotiating process b dh govemmem should ensurea speedy ~nve~ g s of an elertedl ,consttiuent assetmbly, whtichshalltaketits deisioas ia democrattc manner . The church leaders aid that if their demands were not met they sould * call on the SACC's partners abroad to demhand that their govemments press De Klerk tm respond b lead their congregations into actsofpeacefal protestas matters of wmess and faith' * def all represie p easre, ever a state of etegecy * call ohtheiouthAfrican team to withdraw from the Barcelona Olympics, tflang wih they would call for tle team to be expeted. Church leader are to meet at the end ofuly to cousideePreurdent de Klerk's esponse ard todisus fututeactino ... . . Freedom and Democracy Now for Southern African Women Clive Brooke General Secretary Gwenda Binks President ~,1 1iE Cru-Gcidtildand the Easter God: seeing the Ight i the darsess' wa the theme of the 1992 SACC national conference. Two hudred .delegates dicussed what action to take in the face of the rsis facig South Afrra, with calih by some for 6rgent radIai action countered by others wanting cautius consideratIon of every srep, After extensive debate the coferenrce adopted a series of far reachtgresolAutionsaccusing the govemment of bemag impicatedintheolence,quet~omng theintegiryofPresidentde Klerk and calling for a programme of mas action on the scale of the mid-1980s. Conferncelared that 'the people strsti nte pos it yof a paceful tnsiton bom äpartheid rule to democracy bas been shattered. 'There ts no confidence in the institutions of the state, in particular in the police, The integray of the state president is widely quesuioned.' Conferencesetoutgudelines to the national executive for a plan of action which would endorse 'the SAifCs position on the tilegitimacy of the South 10 ANT-APARTHEID NEWS 6 JULY/AUGUST IM9 tNrsos oteCalirnPraye by the, South African Concil of Chureche (SACG ý,Abeeleen AA oras t - eeice at olbuen Cenitral Cbiarch nFtioy 5,1n~, and thm-wnprayerwas-,adhby aSACC nister Albeelee AA has1 ala beeni lobb1yiug to-al MIP, Signares 2ltin~,aln Dogla, Ittedto toring of lh tb, tse Eathee, the group had been 'hop' n made-1 a large aots Binrringhamn AA has bee pan -ulady actin.estncethefipatoog naaceholdngtwo pote-tsin I.,th ,estI,, and, prhli A produred. More than, 600 ý pl signeid the petiio tt 1S days, Bnsringhamn AA a~n be con ta eted on 021 402623. BLACKBUON kDase A a been speareadrg effon- ru the, northweto assis 1,, ANC twin, region, Nordrer Nad Two sp-onecie 1,ides,okl pla,,e 10 May to ,re ueih-oeeded funId,; Olsl foh, morr atlansendyto hlp biy vheefoethANC. The, fBrst 1,d rid,fo Blaekburs (o Lryepool, t-ol ply .n 16 May, incounto with, h 0re sid outhen frcC-altlon, and thite, nd via esn, Bu dyand Acrngand atrtcsted supp- 1-1olca MI?, Bth cy,1e rides- er sucdsaandr-cideve,~-,,r raert, in theooth~wet, contact Milte Warte on 0254 't71761. MEMBtI1 of Býradford AA and the ANC held a eigi in the city centre 00, Monday 29 June, the day of thie foorrals olf the, vicuires ofthe Boipat.oog iassacre,w.h,i recrvede Xarnsivt Pmscoverage BradfordI AA has abe been rifrrug frinds fr the Yoklthire & Humberide R",einal Twmning APpeal to .. is Nata."" Midlaods ANC_ itt the purchase of an eotergeoc -ehic1, for, the, Maybrye Health Cenutratde,,Ia1, theyarillootewatoromn September and a1 skdil -ution w here' people donate ise i Ills and, tale'r'.and sell them to the h ighes biddet For further information ,ot-t Ntcla Roc k Ien 0)274 382634ý were sp"nsord fipr the walk axun rlddy n the MendJips. Ir is hoped to rat £3"0), to be spilt four ways beteen the returtSing e-iles- tlrn the region) the Britol Southem Afnia Iiesource C-ntr (SAýRC) atid NUFEmemse Ptuline Mc4.eati,wh. .,,rdo-er£400. Studennoerssrssath, Brmtol College soperrse the Schlo.l wdth'u th isl of~ youg ýatis P-1 ;edld, deo"roed the, poter jado Catternd Bv is, Miller hosted the occs-n ud the, Arbling Band, known ofltrog,-esst-ue,,playedfor the flest moe, p, eddy The gro)up las ad- been pohite.al pu-soersTinuigwtth wth tw ladrg otf-als from the ANC rgnGran Mbeki andfBon.ganri oSh Aaesl thie Southl West Regional AA Comine" bas pledIged to ramt whrhwill be essnda1 to th, ANC, -,eapargruog For furihermomto contaet D"av Sprurgo en 01272 SI ,A) 21 lune .a me... bets Iighton Buazar anrd Luton grorrpsrrurgreftteis for ithe Nonhen Traesvua ANGC. Regiona c.... I en-,-, Ti,, Sanders cycldthe5lmiles f-- edford to Hetnel Hempstead and the, mn"- event was a 10-mile spos -,,ed walk. Meober --er addrese by NoaaBalrodlela , 4theA',NC,whsp u-, ovigly about the, probleto of peo . ple is rra aa and thenedfrbsi qraiaio rnsport and for l , Ihs presen.t, and it n, hoped tha oteloc, gop bdrawn into supporng -wnung ititvs ,For further ost 0234 3599)861 ON 29 Jane. C,,chesre- AA which' attracrd 1oca,1meda ror utnamnal, m'ortoong o Morrd have ben-uo off asole tolth Fas Anglian, Ornge Free lcate ,iN A foind ovc20Anotherophannedfor Saady22 Auigust, the, roe to raise mneyc for, the AAM. For ftutherirtforinationcontactJanet Plumme an 0206 564078. B3RISTOL NAA annuI Soweto Walktcikp)laceont4ji.ne. Mlore AFDEgayearofsMioradtcarsvily than- 1,0 people and tw o gs Rdiobugh AA was fortonate to, have Billy Nur (AtN 8Juneaene bymon peop1,le, Hspoke-abeeseand the ur'geut keep op international group Followrng the R,, tJonMajor Ltdinburgh AA, Ispt roadshow/n, fito in~ comnt'entret "an"e, and preparing Fdinblghi Petivaj, se grols -eIet n donatloen, at Southl re~te shFe., fufoti maSton,.' to oiffer hel, Mrcls AyS1,oi or Ray Pe, 0 sil 47 867, OM 2 3n ILetei egntedosow, I, Ipoimto - the L-odc 'u memory ot the v IC NEC e thtin 50) need to a nive utipatO "irended pikeredJ Liverpool Lars St-ee staio on .. au'es par-t of the national 'Lay of ac tion and some 6W0 signreswere" collcted A. follow op pie t svas ,rgan-sd fut Fikay 2tijune 't,,fndou ineb uitr anu-aparthtd ac ,ite n Mereysrde, contaet Liamn Black ,,r 0ý1 '3411432 *rdisplay and lil,- OXFORD AA orpolsod1 a silen for the, vigl lrtfffcitycentinthe er te itisof Boiog Sty sgAfricau- tothie prmnemn ter Tbetewasa2 se tf,,, he rteig respont the, igdl, ,untart partrcolarlyfr-ougeepeople. nttO. 00 Onth,,aonieersaryofo rt, I June. CForntA,6&rgrris-1 evnt in thet cOnre kcuscg on the, cnirg vol-re tluring the 10 Days oi l-cI Aurhoeluty Atiot U6,26 jun,,, an ,a,AA coaunt ibayuvnged b held a, Grand Aurtion hc 1,eales£5 Iaffoeth AIIC, half l-r the AAM. (On the1 dyofd, theBopatong, oerlt leafleted threrawa staion part,athedayof action,tostop,theteam masare I-ha oRganied streeht, sab highbertiog presethtlc air n Whorlesale, Society CWS) AGM4 held isnchse ,n 1r, May Many 1,lgates -ap, -del su port for, the AMN and dr,appoi.nnon that the CWS hard chioset to reu, tra.. ...de p-ren tu.lywthSuth bic.heu, was alrre"rthin the AGNI, howevr, the C'Ws, posston "emaa, the sartse 00 the day, of moumog fr th ictiras offfisipatong, avgi tookplcousdSotAfia irasin Manchester and wa Iel reeredb J bctrn shoppera ofcbutckh, tde aton, AndVte the ,\N iofrn wastte-nd by-1 TerroriLebeta froestheANC and9 ltothe evitieRalisino aot-pagth dd acrrvr y two wrher the ANrtr amta anen aocnd Suy Maunintw relatd! camparo.Ired a9 o cam epag. drir6sedy tw spornored cycle oide was orgatrised ,toaly with Blackbuter AA, raiislingarounidi£300. For the, campaigin agiivoec.301 kMAC ruember SOJTHýAMITON AA peIr-, he rogt effona, of Wese region to, asu th ANC 10 the Nrthem Cape. IB, brodraiig plans-nd roid" he redoWalk 92 ,n Sunday 23 August1 Ishe N-wForekfire pkl iiu) stanadt I Lamndtak1-e-l 1 ilicular walk frontieauheugoadtatlo, wiha pub, stop half way rund If-yu 1woud, t fothel tal orsonos i u fom utac David 3Siith or Antra Iiridehalghl ON291June avigit was orgarase bythihAlianceofRaiiddimMethod,,[, and ELISA, in rooperato fneideÅ,Ak ontaide the Meth,dist, Couferne ru Newcastle More thaln 200- people artende, inchding the pretde-, of Conferenc,,- nubf otherAA group, one of( heom, ]I the dosloigpesyer for Aftic Dtsrig nanes those seho had died and hop, seer li' as the'ane -11 seeLud do, Conferenc unmbe sereaked to ,i NIitthoeIdit ltteto DRer Mainythiauvnpartfeltdie vigil was oneu of thmot,, en and mrovingeve-L'of thentineco-fe--ce whilh pasid iseong resolutlon, ulltng for aeion fiom the Benirh goveotaent, and f.r fonher, sanemion T, -sdeAA'slortsoast rtstwi ANC Bordecrgo ineludada,,l succi]o cabr~,p 26uhne, and a day -koM-l, en mwirnmug, add-emed by ClisJohnson wbo bad tust reu-md fn,,oo the oder region. The, grooo.hsA-soaku lp Thie Soctety of Telecom Exeeitttrves, whlioh represcelits mratsagernal aBtd promfessionral staff ini the teleeonmsurnations iiidrtryi lut the UK, setod, solidarity greetings ti) all tiradetunionists in South MeIcea. We remaias commnitteri to y our ,trutggltto aholish apmrthe-id and establish a deoeatcno-ai Soruthl Mirica. Transport and General Workers Union 'S4utes, our Sisters in Struggie in South Africa The T&G - Britai's Campainig Union Bill Morris Margaret Prosser Jack Adams en,-r Seeirerury Natiruar4~nsn's Secrtary Deprty Gemteol Seers ANTIAPARThE110 NEWS * JULY/AUMMS 1992 31, Restoring the Land. Environment and change in post-apartheid South Africa. Consultant Editor Mamphela Rahnphele. Panos: ISBN 1-870670-27-2. 213pp. £7.95pb. South Africa's plundered land 'A NATIONAL catastrophe, due to soil erosion, is perhaps more imminent in the Union of South .frica an in any other country,' concludedaglobalsurveyin1939. Today, that catastrophe is well underway: throughomore than 40 yearsof apartheid,degradationof the environment has been both causeandeffectof the oppression and poverty of the people. Unchecked plunder and pollution of the land in pursuitof profit have diminished natural resources and poisoned the air, water, soil - and people. The ruthless removal of millions of black people to settlements and 'homelands' that could never provide a livelihood has impoverishedcommunitiesand the land they depend on. Restoring the Land brings together essays, case studies, interviews and research, from fumers, trade unionists, jour. nalists, environmental groups, academics, to document the destruction of the environment that has often been part and parcel of government policy JouralistFanz Krgerrepotts on how thousands of people were pushed into the Ciskei under the bantustan policy. In Hewu district, semi-desert land suitable only for extensive graz- Obituary: Winnie Dadoo AAM loses friend WINNIE DADOO, who died on 28 June, was known and loved by many activists in the AntiApartheid Movement in Britain, as well as by her South African comrades. Winme was born in Pretoria and grew up to train as a teacher, but her teaching career was cut short after she joined the South Afrcan Communist Party in the 1940s andbecame a listedperson under the terms of the Suppresision of Communism Act. She worked as bookkeeper for the South African Guardian newspaper and remained on its staffinjohaaresburghibeoughout thepaper'schanges of name after the Guardian was banmed. It was here that she met Dr YusfDadoo, leaderofthe Transvaal Indian Congress and later chairmsan of the South African Communist Party, although they could not have any legal relationship under South Africa's apartheid laws. In the 1950s Winnie was an active member of the Congress of Democrats. She was detained in the 1960 state of emergency and on herrelease, in December 1960, leftlSouthAfica fortLondon Here she andYusuf Dadoo were able to marry and their daughter, Roshar was born. Winne worked as the ANC and the Anti-Apartheid Movementandwhen the Interatonal Defence and Aid Fund was set up in London worked for it as a South Africa last year. In 1983 she underwent an operation for the removal of one lung and after a remarkable recovery continued to work in the movement, never letting her illness get her down. Throughout her life Winie got on with essential work without ever expecting reward or acknowledgement. She was a support and friend to all who worked with her. ing had to be put underintensive fumning trees and vegetation were soon stripped for fodder and frewood, the topsoil was eroded andthe spr dried up. Nearly halfCkei's landneroded and the paternis repeated across the country. Chemical poisoning ispartof daily life in the townships, as described by Emmanuel Kgomo, reporUng through the cloud of sulphur dioxide that shrouds Soweto. Residents bum fossil fuels because they don't have or can't afford electricity, and Soweto's air pollution exceeds World Health Organisation maximum levels. Black communities have been powerless but not passive victims of this environmental degradation. Soweto is the base for the national Enviromnental Awareness. Campaign, set up in 1976 to organise 'greening' campaigns and improve the quality of township life. Mamphela Pamphele and others make dear, though, that Ienvironment' has tended not to mean the same to the township dweller, the university student andthe government minister. For a poor black person, survival, health and safety in a barren landscape are the priorities; 'environmental' programmes that fence off vast tracts of land to conserve wildlife, orevict people to protect forests are seen as insensitive white concerns. The book reflects the growth of a more holistic and peoplecentred environmental awareness. Most of all, though, it highlights the urgent need to tackle the grinding poverty of people and land that is apartheid's bequest to a frer South Africa.. South Africa's Police: from police state to democratic policing? Gavin Cawthra, CUR insight, June 1992, 40pp, £2.50 Biased. police exposed THE massacre at Boipatong and the horrifying levels of potical violence have highlighted a fundamental problem haunting politicaltransiioninSouthAffrica thefactthatthe policeandmilitary effectivelyfunctionas apolitically motivated force opposed to the African National Congress. Thissuccinctandauthotitative study by researcher Gavin Cawthra spells out the structural realioesof apolice forcerecraited and trained primurily for the wagingof counter-isurgencywar against apurtheid's opponents. Despite certain cosmetic restructuring, key operational pr blems of the South African Police include a crude, militaristc approach to crowd control, a lack of accountability, and a continuing pattern ofjoint paramilitary operations with the SouthAfrican Defence Force. This familiar product is now marketed under a new label, 'crime sweeps'. For the black townships, it means roadblocks, house-to-house searches, and mass arrests, barely distinguishable from state of emergency operations in the 1980s. The language of reform has made a great impact on publc perceptions Cawtria shows clearly the gulf between De lerks words and his actions where the police are concerned. In setting out on ha new cneur in February 1990, the president made a public point of boefig police c iefs on their new role and the new context As with other reforms it was more acase ofword than deeds. As Cawthra points out, police partiality is a major problem. lndependent MP Jan van Eck, who recently joined the ANC, speaking at the book's London launch, describedhowsince 1990 the police had shifted their acivity, opely violenc and antiANC in the 1980r, underground and to surrogates. Disturbingly, he pointed out that there is nIow an increasingly hardline 'reversion to the 1980s levels of repression' which has been particularlystrikingin the last six montas. This period coincides with the appointment of new law and ordermiasterirsela'secro-,at' who, says Van Eck, las repolicised thde police with a steady stream of ani-ANCinvective." It is to be hoped that news reportes read this ifisate booklet An understanding of policing in South Africa will Ihelp tocounter anunderlyIgassumption in the inainsumm media: thattheSAP is whatapolice force oughttobe, anindependenthody attempting npariaully to maintain law and order and protect comunities. This Nook shows otheris WE SALUTE ALL SOUTH AFRICAN WOMEN TRADE UNIONISTS AND MEMBERS OF THE LIBERATION MOVEMENT *AA AND WE LOOK FORWARD TO THE EARLY CREATION OF A DEMOCRATIC, NON-RACIAL, NON-SEXIST SOUTH AFRICA Rodney Bickerstoffe Norman WIllts Chair, TUC General TUC General Secretary Council Mar aret Prosser Garfield Davies Cho TU Women', Char, TUC Inernotional ; . " Committee . Cormittee SOUTH AFRICAN POLITICAL LIVES BOUNDSOFPOSSIBILITY LIONEL FORMAN TheLegacyofSteveBikoand ATrumpetfromtheHousetops BlackCoiclouls SEIECTEDWRffG - EDITED BY SADIE 9ARAEYPITYMAWHEL ARAWNEL FORUANandNEONMDENIAAL MALUS1 PUMWANA LNDY WILSON "/'imts,, 'fonnanstoodwy inbnmed and side- ou koi beckoning rngngvokume uaonwadas etIninmuch offie Mhe SachsANC Nihregardi hi ih oaolkJlonaisefja Iko was, and sis, Papimrbck£1295 held. Roger~mond Guardian Paperback 9.95 SOrdan romr Zed Books Ltd. 57 Caladonian Road, London N119BU, UK. Tel: 071-837 4014 30,000 Women Teachers and Lecturers in Scotland send Greetings to our sisters in South Africa End Apartheid Build Peace and Democracy The-Educational Institute of Scotland 46 Moray Place,. Edinburgh EH3 6BH 1 12 ANTI-APARTHEID NEW 4 JULY/AUIST 1992 Sunday I August ARAFEST Brockwell Park, Brixton, London SW2, 2-8.OOpm Mon 3 August DEMONSTRATE IN SOLIDARITY WITH COSATU South Africa House 6-7.3Opm Sun 9 August SOUTH AFRICA WOMEN'S DAY ANC Women's League event 2-5pm Brixton Recreation Centre Thurs 10 Sept VIOLENCE AND WORKERS IN SOUTH AFRICA Photo Exhibition at TIC Congress, Blackpool Friday 11 Sept TUC CONGRESS: Leafleting of Blackpool North Station Sat 12 Sept STOP THE VIOLENCE DEMOCRACY NOW DEMO 11-14 Sept LEAFLETING OF RAILWAY STATIONS Sur 13 Sept UBERAL DEMOCRATS AGAINST APARTHEID Meeting, Royal Baths, Harrogate Wed 30 Sept LABOUR PARTY CONFERENCE fringe meeting 5.45-7.15pm, Winter Gardens, Blackpool MEMIERS'NEWmrER Dear Memb er, We are wrting this Newsletter followng the UrtedNnation' debate on South Africa and as the LTN secretary general's specal repre startive, Cyrus Vance, prepares to visit South Afica. This -intervention represents a breakt.hrough for the democratbc movenentwithinSouth Afnica, and if it results in effectiveioterational monitoring of the violence, couiprove tohbe a tuingpoint in the entire negotiating process. The ti.gedy is that it took the Inssacre at Boipatong and the subsequent decision of the ANC to break off it, participation in the negotiations to put the question of South Africa back on the intenational agenda. Now ourtask in the Ati-Apartheid Movement is to ensure that it stays there and that real and effective pressure is maintained uotil the goal of a united, non-racial and democratic South Africa is achieved. Mass action for democracy Following the deadlock at CodesaI inmid-May, theANC embarked ona campaign ofmassation fordemocracy. With theblackmajortystildenièd the vote, this represen the most effectit'meals by which t,, andothers can exert pressiTre intenally for demorattc change. The nextatage of thiseampaign is on 3 Augus wheniCosatiilli geneirastrike.Todeinonstrate solidarity, nti- Apartheid Movements ar,,s, the world are organising:pickets and protests outside South African embassie>, consulates, etc. Members in London and the uoundiiig area are urged to comneto SO1TH AFRICA HOVSE from 6-7 3 pUo3 August. Challenage British policy Th, tshgovemment'sresponsetothe growing crisis in South Africa has been complarency and indifference. Firsfyitfailedto graspthegavityof the crisis following the deadlock at C- 1desa TT Whenitskedin the House of Commons Z' roteT attihe.itr.nsigentpositiontakebyF WFd Kletk a Codesa II, the foreign seccetary refuse tan simply responded by slating tvial ,lere 11 a an, important, but relatively narrow, point of dlfference' between thi, AN( and the Sot African govemnmentandaddingt hat I venuh hope that it can be bridged Then, despitethe brutalnatureofthem aacr at Boipatong, the British govenmem was silem until Nelson Mandela announced that the ANC wassuslpendingits paricipation in he negotiating process. This prompred the British government into action, bot instead of applyiig effertive pre- sure on the South African regirne tond the violence, the prine minister chose to intenene personally with Nelson Mandela to urge blm to return to the negotiating table a move which must have delighted F Wdce Klerk. Again, when prssed in the House of Conmons just before the Lisbon EC summit on the need for tlie EC to support international monitodng of the violence, the establishmnit of an interim govnrnment and the reimposition of EC sanctions, John Major rejected all three propositions and instead referred to he South African govermnent having 'made enoronus strides towards representative democracy'. At the EC summit, Britain succeeded m getting backing for its call to all parties to return to the cegotating table but the official comn e also called for an internm government. The prinme minister was next questioned in the]House ofCommons on 29June, the dsy ofthe funeral ofthe victimns of the Boipatongirassacre. This time he was presed bythe AAM chair, Bob Hughesastothewisdom offsimply askirg people to retr to the negotiations. John Major had no answer and instead accased Bob Hughes of 'hawking his conacience around'. However. bythetime theJN SeutityCouncil met ont5/16July, the British goveamoentfound iiselfcompelled to ake a very different position Bts proposition that all thaL was needed was for the parties to return to lhenegotitbig table was roundly defeated. TItead, Britain ,a obhged to support a IN S-is Council resolution which has ss its primary focutsle need for measures to end the violence in order to create conditionas in which negotitions can te placv STOP THE VIOLENCE DEMOCRACY NOW! DEMONSTRATION Saturday 12 September Assemble L30pm Welwyn Garden City BR station (west side) otside the Howard Centre Shopping Mali March departs 2.00pm to meeting of European Community foreign ministers at Brocket Hall, Hertfordshire Rally Stanborough Park ua i andiosf ruppon- t rh, HiouiaeoConians,hluve mad1eacynribuion towarda secirisig this change in Briih policy'. lndeId rhe intervention by the UN vindiates al that we have beenaayinög fordhe past two years - namely that international pressuce must be maintined." Now it is essential that we k.ep up the pressure. Stop the violencel The immeeiate pri imust be for usto keepup the pressure for international moritoring of the violence. You can help in a number of simple waysI b wfrite to your MP welcoming the UN Security Council resolution (No 765) on South Afrc and asknlgherhimtowiitetthe foreignstcretaryto utge the Bitish govemment to ose its influence with tle South African govermment so that agreemaent can be reached on effective interaationalamonitong of the violence b if you avei't doce to alreadysend a Stop;te Vlolesce postcard to the foreign secrtary and ask yourfriends todo s, as wel (phoneMatandela Street to order a quantity) b help us distribute the new Stop the Violence leaflet - they only cost £2 per 100 and help get over the faets that rarely appear in the media 9 contact your local anti-apartheid group toste if you can help distribute leaflets ahout the violence on commuter trains over the weekend I- 14 September 9 and start mobilising now for the Stop tbe Vinlasce- Dtmocracy Now' demonstration on 12 September. " tf you would like more infomation ahout the violence please till in the coupon below. Free all political prisoners Well overa hundred people have asked for Campaign Packs and agreed totake up camtigns for individual political prisoners There will be a specialfous ont I October, 1N Day ofSolanty with South rican Political Prisoners.Conact Claire McMaster, the SATTS Co-ordenator, at Mandela Street TUC and party conferens Any meinhers in a position to help sr any of the conferenèesthis yeårare urgedtocontact Richard Bielby at the, A=AM HQ 1992 AAM Annual General Meeting Thedate for this year's AGM iascjet f r 12 December. All affiliates and ocal groups wiil he sent details of the time iable, etc for subitting motions, amendments, etc. Fundrasing Fially ab igthanks to all who paricipatet in the Raffle and the Freedom Run. They both brought in much neded fund, - itinon tco late to sponsortlcikeTeny.theAAM Eecutive eret, who completed the Freedom Run in a new personal best tiie- altlioigh be wbas still last More ,eriously, with the depth of the ctsis now grippingSouth Af'-,awe eedbe fncial and bomnan resoorces to respond ecly.vev As you will see in A Neim,hrchbisho0pHuddleptosy was invlttd by the coninunity in Boipatong Lo áddres thefuneral. i1,wattnl ofthe reception. he received deminstrated how nnh tepcopie in the townships vaklc international sollejaity. We cannot ler them down at this critical point in South African history. Ane"erforr and istoftlhadoc mentapreeented to thelntemational Hearing on Political Violence in South Africa, hel in :London ot 14-15 July S192, are availablefrom the AAM If youwishto Srecerve these lease omplete this coupon. j [ N a me ...... : % ...... I IAddres ...... ! I1 ...... Postcode ...... 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