R603 (ADAMS) SETTLEMENT PLAN & DRAFT SCHEME CONTRACT NO.: 1N-35140
DEVELOPMENT PLANNING ENVIRONMENT AND MANAGEMENT UNIT STRATEGIC SPATIAL PLANNING BRANCH 166 KE MASINGA ROAD DURBAN 4000
2019 FINAL REPORT
R603 (ADAMS) SETTLEMENT PLAN AND DRAFT SCHEME
TABLE OF CONTENTS 4.1.3. Age Profile ______37 4.1.4. Education Level ______37 1. INTRODUCTION ______7 4.1.5. Number of Households ______37 4.1.6. Summary of Issues ______38 1.1. BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT ______7 4.2. INSTITUTIONAL AND LAND MANAGEMENT ANALYSIS ______38 1.2. PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT ______7 4.2.1. Historical Background ______38 1.3. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES ______7 4.2.2. Land Ownership ______39 1.4. MILESTONES/DELIVERABLES ______8 4.2.3. Institutional Arrangement ______40 1.5. PROFESSIONAL TEAM ______8 4.2.4. Traditional systems/practices ______41 1.6. STUDY AREA ______9 4.2.5. Summary of issues ______42 1.7. OUTLINE OF THE REPORT ______10 4.3. SPATIAL TRENDS ______42 2. LEGISLATIVE & POLICY FRAMEWORK ______10 4.3.1. Movement and Linkages______42
2.1. LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK ______10 4.3.2. Settlement patterns ______43 2.2. POLICY FRAMEWORK ______20 4.3.3. Land Use Activity ______47 2.2.1. National Development Plan (2011) ______20 4.4. ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS ______48 2.2.2. KZN Provincial Growth Development Strategy/Plan 2011 ______20 4.4.1. Assessment method ______48 2.2.3. eThekwini Integrated Development Plan/Spatial Development 4.4.2. Description of the study area ______49 Framework 2018/19 ______22 4.4.3. Topography, geology and hydrology ______52 2.2.4. eThekwini South Spatial Development Plan ______27 4.4.4. Vegetation ______53 2.2.5. eThekwini Rural Development Strategy 2016 ______28 4.4.5. Site specific habitats and vegetation forms ______55 2.2.6. Adams Local Area Plan ______28 4.4.6. Conservation importance ______61 4.4.7. Summary of issues ______62 3. GUIDELINES FOR THE PREPARATION OF A SCHEME ______32 4.5. AGRICULTURE ANALYSIS______63 3.1. PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVES OF A SCHEME ______32 4.5.1. Assessment method ______63 3.2. WHAT IS A SCHEME ______33 4.6. AGRICULTURE CONTEXT ______63 3.3. COMPONENTS OF A SCHEME ______33 4.6.1. Agricultural potential and Agricultural Land Categories ______63 3.4. PACKAGE OF PLANS ______34 4.6.2. Current agricultural activities ______67 4.6.3. eThekwini Agro-Ecology Unit ______68 4. SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS ______35 4.6.4. Kwazulu-Natal Department of Agriculture and Rural Development 4.1. DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE ______35 68 4.1.1. Population ______35 4.6.5. Summary of issues ______74 4.1.2. Projected Population ______36 4.7. TRANSPORTATION ANALYSIS ______75
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4.7.1. Existing Road Network ______75 4.11.3. Police Station ______103 4.7.2. Vehicular Traffic ______77 4.11.4. Sports & Recreation ______104 4.7.3. Existing public transport infrastructure, services and demand __ 77 4.11.5. Cemetery ______104 4.7.4. Existing NMT services ______78 4.11.6. Community Hall ______104 4.7.5. Road Safety ______78 4.11.7. Library ______104 4.7.6. Freight Movement ______79 4.11.8. Postal Facilities ______105 4.7.7. Road Reserve and Building Line Encroachments Along Route R603 4.11.9. Summary of Issues ______105 79 5. BROAD PLANNING APPROACHES ______106 4.7.8. Summary of issues ______80 4.8. HUMAN SETTLEMENT ANALYSIS ______81 5.1. INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT ______107 4.8.1. Tenure arrangement ______81 5.2. UNIQUE CHARACTER ______108 4.8.2. Settlement typologies ______81 5.3. ACCESSIBILITY AND ROAD NETWORK ______108 4.8.3. Challenges ______82 5.4. HIERARCHICAL DEVELOPMENT ______108 4.9. BULK INFRASTRUCTURE AND SERVICES ANALYSIS______82 5.5. MULTI USE FACILITIES ______109 4.9.1. Water ______82 5.6. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ______109 4.9.2. Existing bulk infrastructure ______83 5.7. MIXED USE DEVELOPMENT ______109 4.9.3. Sanitation ______85 6. DEVELOPMENT PRINCIPLES ______110 4.9.4. Refuse Removal ______87 4.9.5. Electricity ______87 6.1. SPATIAL PLANNING AND LAND USE MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES ______110 4.9.6. Stormwater ______89 6.2. ECONOMIC PRINCIPLES ______111 4.9.7. Transnet ______90 6.3. ENVIRONMENTAL PRINCIPLES ______112 GRICULTURAL PRINCIPLES 4.10. ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ______93 6.4. A ______112 4.10.1. Local Economy Overview ______93 6.5. TRANSPORTATION AND TRAFFIC PRINCIPLES ______113 4.10.2. Employment Status of Study Area ______93 6.6. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT PRINCIPLES ______114 4.10.3. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) ______94 7. VISION DEVELOPMENT ______115 4.10.4. GVA Broad Economic Sectors ______94 7.1. MUNICIPAL SPATIAL VISION AND PRINCIPLES ______115 4.10.5. Sector’s share of regional total (%)______95 7.2. SOUTH SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN VISION ______116 4.10.6. Sector Analysis in the Study Area ______96 7.3. FOLWENI / ADAMS LOCAL AREA PLAN VISION ______118 4.10.7. Summary of Issues ______100 7.4. ALIGNMENT OF THE VISION, PRINCIPLES, GOALS/OBJECTIVES, STRATEGIES AND 4.11. SOCIAL ANALYSIS ______101 PROPOSALS ______118 4.11.1. Health Facilities ______102 4.11.2. Education ______102 8. STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK ______119
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8.1. GOALS ______119 10.2.1. Key programmes ______143 8.2. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES ______119 10.3. ECONOMIC FRAMEWORK ______145 8.2.1. Environmental objectives ______119 10.4. SOCIAL FACILITIES ______147 8.2.2. Agricultural objectives ______119 10.5. INFRASTRUCTURE FRAMEWORK ______149 8.2.3. Economic objectives ______120 10.5.1. Wastewater infrastructure ______149 8.2.4. Transportation objectives ______120 10.5.2. Water infrastructure ______149 8.2.5. Human settlement objectives ______120 10.5.3. Stormwater infrastructure ______149 8.2.6. Infrastructure objectives ______120 10.6. RESIDENTIAL FRAMEWORK ______151 8.3. STRATEGIES ______121 11. SETTLEMENT PLAN LAYOUT ______157 8.3.1. Strategy 1: Protection of ecologically sensitive areas, ecosystems and open spaces ______121 11.1. LAND USES ______157 8.3.2. Strategy 2: Protection of existing agricultural potential areas _ 121 11.1.1. Roads and Transport ______157 8.3.3. Strategy 3: Bulk Infrastructure Development ______121 11.1.2. Residential ______158 8.3.4. Strategy 4: Equitable Access to Economic opportunities and Social 11.1.3. Mixed use ______159 Services 122 11.1.4. Education ______159 8.3.5. Strategy 5: Land and Transportation Integration ______122 11.1.5. Institution ______159 8.3.6. Strategy 6: Effective land use management ______122 11.1.6. Civic and Social facilities ______159 11.1.7. Business ______159 9. SPATIAL FRAMEWORK ______122 11.1.8. Fueling and service station ______159 9.1. MOVEMENT FRAMEWORK ______123 11.1.9. Light industry ______159 9.1.1. Road Hierarchy ______123 11.1.10. Services and utilities ______160 9.1.2. Development Corridors ______126 11.1.11. Public open space ______160 9.2. NODAL FRAMEWORK ______128 12. LAND USE SCHEME ______160 9.2.1. Rural service centre ______130 9.2.2. Training facility ______130 12.1. CONTENTS OF THE SCHEME ______160 9.2.3. Neighbourhood Rural Service Centre ______132 12.2. LAND USE ZONES ______162 9.2.4. Local Rural Service Centre ______136 12.3. LAND USE SCHEDULE ______166 12.4. LAND USE CONTROLS ______179 10. LAND USE FRAMEWORK ______139 12.4.1. Road reserve and building line ______179 10.1. ENVIRONMENTAL FRAMEWORK ______139 12.4.2. D’MOSS and Environmental Buffer ______179 10.1.1. Key Programmes ______140 13. REFERENCES ______181 10.2. AGRICULTURE FRAMEWORK ______143
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FIGURE 26: MAIN AEP FOCUS AREAS IN THE FORM OF A DEMAND PYRAMID 68 FIGURE 27: AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION ACTIVITIES – NORTHERN PORTION OF TABLE OF FIGURES STUDY AREA 72 FIGURE 28: AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION ACTIVITIES – CENTRAL PORTION OF FIGURE 1: TEAM COMPOSITION 8 STUDY AREA 72 FIGURE 2: GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION 9 FIGURE 29: PROVINCIAL ROAD RESERVE AND BUILDING LINE DIMENSIONS 80 FIGURE 3: OUTLINE OF THE REPORT 10 FIGURE 30: BUILDING ENCROACHMENT INTO ROAD RESERVE ON R603 80 FIGURE 4: SEVEN STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES 22 FIGURE 31: HOUSING TYPOLOGIES 81 FIGURE 5: STRATEGIC PRIORITY AREAS 23 FIGURE 32: ACCESS TO WATER 82 FIGURE 6: ETHEKWINI SDF 26 FIGURE 33: EXISTING WATER INFRASTRUCTURE 83 FIGURE 7: SOUTH SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN 28 FIGURE 34: ACCESS TO SANITATION 85 FIGURE 8: FOLWENI/ADAMS LOCAL AREA PLAN 31 FIGURE 35: LOCATION OF WWTW RELATIVE TO THE STUDY AREA 86 FIGURE 9: PACKAGE OF PLANS 35 FIGURE 36: ACCESS TO REFUSE REMOVAL SERVICES 87 FIGURE 10: POPULATION 36 FIGURE 37: ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY 88 FIGURE 11: POPULATION GROWTH 2011 - 2017 36 FIGURE 38: LOCATION OF TRANSNET PIPELINE IN THE STUDY AREA 90 FIGURE 12: AGE STRUCTURE 37 FIGURE 39: EMPLOYMENT BY SECTOR 93 FIGURE 13: EDUCATION LEVEL 37 FIGURE 40: EMPLOYMENT STATUS ON THE STUDY AREA 94 FIGURE 14: NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS 38 FIGURE 41: GDP 94 FIGURE 15: ADAMS MISSION LAND USES 44 FIGURE 42: GVA - R 95 FIGURE 16: NKANYISWENI LAND USES ACTIVITY 45 FIGURE 43: SECTOR'S SHARE OF REGIONAL TOTAL (%) 95 FIGURE 17: SAWPITS LAND USES ACTIVITY 46 FIGURE 44: HOUSEHOLD INCOME 100 FIGURE 18: A COMPARISON BETWEEN 2011 AND 2016 50 FIGURE 45: SOME OF THE SCHOOLS WITHIN THE STUDY AREA 103 FIGURE 19: THE UPPER SECTION OF THE NATURAL FOREST HABITAT SITUATED FIGURE 46: ADAMS MISSION LIBRARY 104 WITHIN THE MANZIMTOTI RIVER VALLEY. 56 FIGURE 47: POST BOXES ALONG M37 & SHELENI ROAD 105 FIGURE 20: ARISTIDA JUNCIFORMIS MONODOMINANCE, CHARACTERISTIC OF FIGURE 48: BROAD PLANNING APPROACHES 106 SECONDARY GRASSLAND WITHIN THE STUDY AREA. 56 FIGURE 49: INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT CYCLIC PROCESS 107 FIGURE 21: AN EXAMPLE OF SWAMP FOREST WITHIN THE STUDY AREA. 57 FIGURE 50: UNIQUE CHARACTER APPROACH 108 FIGURE 22: AN UNCHANNELED VALLEY BOTTOM WETLAND DOMINATED BY T. FIGURE 51: ACCESSIBILITY & ROAD NETWORK APPROACH 108 CAPENSIS. 57 FIGURE 52: HIERARCHICAL DEVELOPMENT APPROACH 109 FIGURE 23: A SMALL VALLEY HEAD SEEP DRAINING TOWARDS A LARGER FIGURE 53: ROAD CLASSIFICATION 113 SYSTEM. 58 FIGURE 54: ETHEKWINI SPATIAL VISION 115 FIGURE 24: CATTLE DIP TANK AND TYPICAL HOUSEHOLD GARDEN WITHIN FIGURE 55: ETHEKWINI SDF 2018-2019 116 STUDY AREA 64 FIGURE 56: SOUTH SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2014 117 FIGURE 25: (A) VEGETABLE PLOTS, (B) SUGARCANE FIELD, (C) VIEW OF LARGER FIGURE 57: ALIGNMENT OF VISION, PRINCIPLES, OBJECTIVES, STRATEGIES & VEGETABLE PLOTS WITHIN STUDY AREA 67 PROPOSALS 118 FIGURE 58: ADAMS & FOLWENI LAP 118
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FIGURE 59: MOVEMENT FRAMEWORK 127 TABLE 18: TYPES OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES/COMMODITIES 143 FIGURE 60: NODAL FRAMEWORK 129 TABLE 19: DENSITY GUIDELINES 159 FIGURE 61: ADAMS NODE 131 TABLE 20 COLOR NOTATION 165 FIGURE 62: SHELENI NODE 133 TABLE 21 LAND USE SCHEDULE 178 FIGURE 63: EMPUSHENI NODE 135 TABLE 22: ROAD RESERVE AND BUILDING LINE 179 FIGURE 64: SAWPITS NODE 137 FIGURE 65: KWANGIDI NODE 138 FIGURE 66: SETTLEMENT PLAN 161 FIGURE 67: SCHEME MAP 163 TABLE OF MAPS FIGURE 69: LAND USE CONTROL 180 MAP 1: LAND OWNERSHIP 39 MAP 2: WARD DEMARCATIONS 40 MAP 3: DMOSS & WETLANDS 51 LIST OF TABLES MAP 4: HYDROLOGICAL FEATURES 52 MAP 5: TOPOGRAPHY & SLOPE 53 TABLE 1: LEGISLATIVE REQUIREMENTS 11 MAP 6: VEGETATION TYPES 54 TABLE 2: IZINDUNA 40 MAP 7: HABITAT TYPES, SENSITIVE AREAS & SETBACKS 60 TABLE 3: WARD COUNCILORS 40 MAP 8: SETTLEMENTS LOCATED ON ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE AREAS 61 TABLE 4: LAND USES WITHIN ADAMS 47 MAP 9: AGRICULTURAL LAND CATEGORIES 66 TABLE 5: LAND USES WITHIN SAWPITS 47 MAP 10: AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION ACTIVITIES – WITHIN STUDY AREA 74 TABLE 6: LAND USES WITHIN ADAMS NORTH 48 MAP 11: ROAD NETWORK 76 TABLE 7: AMPHIBIAN SPECIES RECODED WITHIN THE “BIODIVERSITY MAP 12: WATER COVERAGE 84 AGREEMENT” ZONE. 58 MAP 13: ELECTRICITY COVERAGE 89 TABLE 8: BIRD SPECIES RECORDED WITHIN THE “BIODIVERSITY AGREEMENT” MAP 14: ENVIRONMENTAL FRAMEWORK 142 ZONE. 59 MAP 15: AGRICULTURAL FRAMEWORK 144 TABLE 9: LIST OF AGRICULTURAL PROJECTS SUPPORTED BY AEP WITHIN AND MAP 16: ECONOMIC FRAMEWORK 146 AROUND STUDY AREA 69 MAP 17: SOCIAL FACILITIES FRAMEWORK 148 TABLE 10: ROAD CLASSIFICATION 75 MAP 18: INFRASTRUCTURE FRAMEWORK 150 TABLE 11: R603 ADAMS STUDY AREA: CRASH STATISTICS FROM ETA RECORDS MAP 19: EXISTING SETTLEMENT DENSITIES 153 YEARS: 2010 - 2018 79 MAP 20: DENSITY FRAMEWORK 155 TABLE 12:TOTAL CAPACITY OF THE RESERVOIRS 83 MAP 21: LAND USE FRAMEWORK 156 TABLE 13:WASTE WATER TREATMENT WORKS 86 TABLE 14: CSIR GUIDELINES FOR SOCIAL FACILITIES 101 TABLE 15: SCHOOLS WITHIN THE STUDY AREA 103 TABLE 16: ROAD CLASSIFICATION 123 TABLE 17: EXISTING ROAD NETWORK 124
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ACRONYMS SSPB Spatial Strategic Planning Branch TA/TC Traditional Authority / Council AEP Agro-Ecology Programme ATM Automated Teller Machine COGTA Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs REPORT COMMENTS D (road) District route AUTHOR REPORTS VERSION DATE DARD Department of Agriculture and Rural Development M HLONGWA Inception Draft 1 19-06-2018 DMOSS Durban Metropolitan Open Space System M HLONGWA Inception Final Draft 27-07-2018 M HLONGWA Status Quo Draft 1 31-10-2018 DRDLR Department of Rural Development and Land Reform M HLONGWA Status Quo Final Draft 03-12-2018 EKZN Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife M HLONGWA Land Use Framework Draft 1 08-02-2019 EM eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality M HLONGWA Land Use Framework Final Draft 19-03-2019 M HLONGWA Settlement Plan and Draft 1 23-04-2019 EWT Endangered Wildlife Trust Draft Scheme GIS Geographic information System M HLONGWA Settlement Plan and Final Draft 10-06-2019 Draft Scheme IDP Integrated Development Plan
ITB Ingonyama Trust Board KZN KwaZulu-Natal L (road) Local road LAP Local Area Plan M (road) Metropolitan road P (road) Provincial road PTO Permission to Occupy R (road) Regional road SDF Spatial Development Framework Spatial Planning and Land Use Management Act 16 of SPLUMA 2013 SSDP South Spatial Development Plan
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1. INTRODUCTION • The R603 Road has been identified as a Tourism Route/Corridor linking Umbumbulu and Adams Mission by the Adams/Folweni 1.1. Background and context Local Area Plan (LAP, 2012). eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality through its Spatial Strategic Planning 1.2. Purpose of the project Branch (SSPB) appointed Gabhisa Planning and Investment (GPI) to The primary purpose of the project is to provide a strategic land use prepare the R603 (Adams) Settlement Plan and Draft Scheme in response to development pressures experienced in the area as well as collaboration with other specialists relating to transport planning, human the current and future needs of the area as part of the R603 (Adams) settlements, economic development, environment, agriculture and Settlement Plan and Draft Scheme. The sub-objectives are as follows: infrastructure. The need for this plan emanates in part from the growing development pressures experienced in this area. Many stakeholders have • To develop a settlement plan with indicative layouts for the observed and argued that the Adams area has lost its once serene rural existing settlements and recommend appropriate densities, site character. It has, in fact, experienced influx of middle-income earners in sizes and housing typologies that allow appropriate services to be the last 5 to 10 years. This is evidenced from the typologies of houses that provided. have since mushroomed. With this, R603 Road has also experienced higher • Formulate a Draft Scheme with proposed land use zones and land traffic volumes. The houses are located inappropriately with some gaining management mechanisms (including a scheme map, appropriate direct access from the main road and others located within the land use zones with their associate statements of intent and environmental sensitive areas. facilitation table).
1.3. Aims and Objectives The proposed settlementpla n and the introduction of a scheme in the area is meant to also contribute towards improved services, and appropriate The following are the aims and objectives of the project: land management guidance for the area. eThekwini Municipality has • Review the area in terms of the current development trends developed a number of high-level plans which inform this Settlement Plan and pressures (property & typologies and human settlement); and Draft Scheme. The significance of the study area can be summarized • Identify existing bulk infrastructural services (i.e. water and as follows: sanitation, storm water, road infrastructure, electricity) and • The study area is identified as peri-urban in the eThekwini Rural appropriate future services required for the area; Development Strategy 2016;
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• Identify properties that are located within the road reserve and • Phase 5: Close out report servitudes and areas that are not suitable for development; • Phase 6: Project Media/Communications Summary • Undertake a land use audit to determine land ownership, lease agreements and current land use practices; 1.5. Professional team • Undertake a Socio-Economic assessment to determine social facilities and the dominant economic sectors within the area The preparation of this Settlement Plan and Draft Scheme is being and clearly demarcate them; undertaken by a multidisciplinary team. The organogram belowshows • Undertake Environmental analysis to identify environmental the structure of the team: sensitive areas and undevelopable areas; Enviromentalist • Prepare a Settlement Plan which will provide guidance in terms Karin Samouilhan of developmental needs of the area; Civil Engineer • Prepare a scheme map to guide future development and Sadhana Naidoo comply with SPLUMA requirements of wall to wall schemes. GIS/CAD Thabani Khanyile 1.4. Milestones/Deliverables The milestones/deliverables for each phase are closely linked with the Support Prof Planner Traffic Engineer Lindelwa Ndlela Rick Millard objectives of the project. The team will ensure that the product PROJECT LEADER Mbongeni Hlongwa addresses (and balances) the needs of many role players, namely the Intern Social Facilitator community, the local authority, professionals in the field, development Siphelele Simelane Sizwe Gwala industry, civic bodies, other governments departments and individual Housing Specialist property owners, throughout the phases of the scope of work. The Dr Myeni following are milestones/ phases that are to be achieved for this exercise: Agriculture Justin Du Toit • Phase 1: Inception Report • Phase 2: Status Quo/Situational Analysis Economic • Phase 3: Land Use Framework and Density Framework Suleiman Mwajuzuu • Figure 1: Team Composition Phase 4. Settlement Plan and Draft Scheme
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1.6. Study area Municipality has developed several high-level plans which inform this Settlement Plan and Draft Scheme. The study area is termed a ‘R603 Adams Settlement Plan and Draft Scheme’ due its location along the provincial road R603/P21-2 (also known as Sibusiso Mkhize road). The study area is situated in the Figure 2: Geographic Southern region of eThekwini Location municipality, west of Amanzimtoti and south of Durban. The extent of the study area is approximately 873,4ha. Practically, the study area is under dual-governance of eThekwini Municipality and Sobonakhona-Makhanya Traditional Council. It lies within two municipal wards -namely Ward 67 and 96 - and comprises of the following izigodi: • Sawpits; • Nkanyisweni; • Adams Mission.
The proposed settlement plan and the introduction of a scheme in the area is meant to also contribute towards improved services, and appropriate land management guidance for the area. eThekwini
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1.7. Outline of the report 2. LEGISLATIVE & POLICY FRAMEWORK This report presents the Status quo which comprises of the following This section outlines the various pieces of legislation and planning policy sections as outlined the diagram below: influences in relation to the study area.
Figure 3: Outline of the report 2.1. Legislative Framework INTRODUCTION LEGISLATIVE & POLICY FRAMEWORK There are numerous pieces of legislation at national and provincial level which are directly or indirectly related with the general process GUIDELINES FOR THE PREPARATION OF A SCHEME of preparing schemes. The legislative requirements will address the SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS following focus areas: BROAD PLANNING APPROACHES • Constitution; • DEVELOPMENT PRINCIPLES Spatial Planning and Land Use Management; • Environmental Management; VISION DEVELOPMENT • Agricultural Management; STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK • Human Settlements; SPATIAL FRAMEWORK • Tribal land; • Transportation; LAND USE FRAMEWORK • Spatial Planning and LandUse Management By-Law SETTLEMENT PLAN LAYOUT LAND USE SCHEME REFERENCES
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Table 1: Legislative requirements
FOCUS RELEVANT LEGISLATION & SECTIONS RELEVANCE TO ADAMS R603 SETTLEMENT PLAN & DRAFT SCHEME Constitution of the The Constitutional mandate for municipalities is to deliver services The Constitution is the overarching legislative document in South Africa. Republic Act (108 of 1996) that satisfy the basic needs of all its citizens. Municipalities are It is supreme and supersedes all other laws, meaning citizens of South encouraged to involve communities and community organizations Africa may contest any law that contravenes the Constitution. The in the affairs of Local governance. Municipalities must also promote preparation of the R603 (Adams) Settlement Plan and Draft Scheme is the Bill of Rights, which reflects the nation’s values regarding human therefore guided by legislation emanating from the Constitution. The plan dignity, equality and freedom, and uphold the principles enshrined will also assist the municipality in fulfilling the basic human rights for local in the Constitution. The role of a municipality is outlined in Section residents. This will be achieved within the executive mandate as 153 (a) of the Constitution, eThekwini municipality is responsible for prescribed for in the Constitution and other related legislation. structuring and managing its administration and budgeting and
planning processes to give priority to the basic needs, and to promote social and economic development of the broader community. The powers and functions for municipalities are outlined in Part A and B of Schedule 4 of the Constitution. They include:
• Electricity delivery • Supply of water for household use • Sewage and sanitation • Storm water systems • Refuse removal • Fire-fighting services • Municipal health services • Decisions around land use • Local roads • Local public transport • Street trading • Abattoirs and fresh food markets • Parks and recreational areas
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• Libraries and other community facilities • Local tourism Spatial Planning Following the introduction of the democratic dispensation in 1994, The R603 (Adams) Settlement Plan and Draft Scheme is informed by the and Land Use Management there were multiple planning legislations which dealt with planning development principles as stipulated by the SPLUMA. The plan seeks to in South Africa. At national level, the Spatial Planning and Land Use extend the existing schemes within the Southern region which is a step Management Act 16 of 2013 (SPLUMA) is a single spatial planning forward for the municipality to achieve the statutory requirement of a legislation for the entire country which aims to promote uniformity, single wall-to-wall scheme for the whole municipal area. The preparation effectiveness and comprehensiveness. SPLUMA must be of the draft scheme is also consistent with the eThekwini IDP/SDF and at implemented wall to wall in all municipalities. At a provincial level, the centre of this process is public participation which will ensure the the KwaZulu Natal Planning and Development Act 6 of 2008 which legitimacy of this plan. is in line with the SPLUMA, also spells out the processes of preparing
a scheme.
Chapter 2 of the SPLUMA contains the development principles which need to be translated in local plans such as schemes. The following development principles are outlined in the SPLUMA: • Principle of Spatial justice • Principle of Sustainability • Principle of Efficiency • Principle of Resilience • Principle of Good administration
Section 25 (2) of the SPLUMA states - A land use scheme must include— (a) scheme regulations setting out the procedures and conditions relating to the use and development of land in any zone; (b) a map indicating the zoning of the municipal area into land use zones; and
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(c) a register of all amendments to such land use scheme.
Environmental The National Environmental Management Act (107 of 1998) The preparation of the R603 (Adams) Settlement Plan and Draft scheme Management provides the framework for decision making on environmental is done parallel with environmental considerations pertaining to the study matters. Chapter 1 of NEMA gives effect to environmental area. The land use classifications for environmental management principles that must be implemented for environmental planning. protected areas will be useful when developing zonings for these areas. NEMA also informs other pieces of legislation such as: • NEM: Integrated Coastal Management Act • NEM: Biodiversity Act • NEM: Protected Areas Act • NEM: Waste Management Act • NEM: Air Quality Management Act
Agricultural Act 70 of 1970, also referred to as SALA, came into effect on 2 It is clear from the reading of Act 70 of 1970 that this Act does not apply Management January 1970 and the Act serves the purpose of prohibiting the to land vested in the state per sub-section (c) of the definition of subdivision of agricultural land to protect land from non-agricultural ‘agricultural land’ in that Act. The Act does not apply to land vested in the uses to ensure this land is reserved primarily for agricultural ITB or DRDLR. Both fall to be included in the meaning of the ‘state’. Sub- production. Agricultural land in the Act is defined as any land, apart section (c) provides: 'agricultural land' means any land, except - (c) land of from: which the State is the owner, or which is held in trust by the State or a Minister • Land located in the jurisdiction of a municipal council, for any person. However, the Adams R603 Settlement Plan and Draft Scheme city council, village council, village management board, will identify all agricultural potential areas. village management council, local board, health board or health committee, and land forming part of, in the province of the Cape of Good Hope, a local area established under section 6 (1) (i) of the Divisional Councils Ordinance, 1952 (Ordinance 15 of 1952 of that province), and, in the province of Natal, a development area as defined in section 1 of the Development and Services Board Ordinance, and in the province of the
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Transvaal, an area in respect of which a local area committee has been established under section 21 (1) of the Transvaal Board for the Development of Peri-Urban Areas Ordinance, but excluding any such land declared by the Minister after consultation with the executive committee concerned and by notice in the Gazette to be agricultural land for the purposes of this Act; • Land which forms part of any area subdivided in terms of the Agricultural Holdings (Transvaal) Registration Act, 1919 (Act 22 of 1919); or land that is a township as defined in section 102 (1) of the Deeds Registries Act, 1937 (Act 47 of 1937), but excluding a private township as defined in section 1 of the Town Planning Ordinance, 1949 (Ordinance 27 of 1949 of Natal), not situated in an area of jurisdiction or a development area. • Land of which the State is the owner, or which is held in trust by the State or a Minister for any person; and • Land which the Minister after consultation with the executive committee concerned and by notice in the Gazette excludes from the provisions of this Act The draft Preservation and Development of Agricultural Land Framework Bill proposes to update the definition. Agricultural land is again defined as a residual category. Exclusions are: • Land in a proclaimed township; • Land included in an application for declaration as a township before the commencement of the new Act, provided that the application is approved; • Land which, immediately before the commencement of the Act, was formally zoned for non-agricultural purposes by any sphere of government or any public entity; and
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• Land which the Minister, after consultation with other relevant Ministers and provincial MECs concerned, excludes by notice in the Government Gazette (PDALFB 2014) The Act stipulates that consent from the National Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF) is required under the following conditions: • Subdivision of agricultural land; • Lease in respect of a portion of agricultural land of which the period is 10 years or longer, or is the natural life of the lessee or any other person mentioned in the lease, or which is renewable from time to time at the will of the lessee, either by the continuation of the original lease or by entering into a new lease, indefinitely or for periods which together with the first period of the lease amount in all to not less than 10 years, shall be entered into; and • Agricultural land sold or advertised for sale, except for the purposes of a mine as defined in section 1 of the Mines and Works Act, 1956 (Act 27 of 1956). Human The Housing Act 107 of 1997 (as amended by the Housing The R603 (Adams) Settlement Plan and Draft Scheme will seek to ensure Settlements Amendment Act 4 of 2001) recognises housing as: an orderly development of human settlements where local residents have access to services, social and economic amenities. • an adequate shelter which fulfils a basic human need; • both a product and a process; • a product of human endeavour and enterprise; • a vital part of integrated developmental planning; • a key sector of the national economy; • vital to the socio-economic well-being of the nation; According to the Act, every municipality must, as part of the municipality's process of integrated development planning, ensure the following:
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• inhabitants of its area of jurisdiction have access to adequate housing on a progressive basis; • conditions not conducive to the health and safety of the inhabitants of its area of jurisdiction are prevented or removed; • services in respect of water, sanitation, electricity, roads, stormwater drainage and transport are provided in a manner which is economically efficient; • set housing delivery goals in respect of its area of jurisdiction; • identify and designate land for housing development; • create and maintain a public environment conducive to housing development which is financially and socially viable; • promote the resolution of conflicts arising in the housing development process; • initiate plan, co-ordinate, facilitate, promote and enable appropriate housing development in its area of jurisdiction; • provide bulk engineering services, and revenue generating services in so far as such services are not provided by specialist utility suppliers; and • plan and manage land use and development. Transportation There is a plethora of legislations at national and provincial level The R603 (Adams) Settlement Plan and Draft Scheme will ensure that the which deal with a range of transportation issues such as national transportation guidelines, especially provincial since R603 is a provincial and provincial roads, road traffic, public transport and urban road, will be considered when making proposals to the scheme. transport. These are indicated below:
• National Road Traffic Act, No. 93 of 1996 • Road Traffic Act, No. 29 of 1989 • Road Transportation Act, No. 74 of 1977
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• Urban Transport Act, No. 78 of 1977 • KwaZulu-Natal Interim Minibus Taxi Act, No. 4 of 1998 • KwaZulu-Natal Provincial Roads Act, No. 4 of 2001 • KwaZulu-Natal Public Transport Act, No. 3 of 2005 • KwaZulu-Natal Road Traffic Act, 1997 • KwaZulu-Natal Urban Transport Act, No. 19 of 1985
Tribal Land The land within the study area is under the Sobonakhona-Makhanya As noted by Ndebele (2016), the implementation of the Act resulted in a Traditional Authority. A Traditional Authority area refers to land two-tier approval process where an audience with the King formed part under the jurisdiction of a Traditional Authority and the Ingonyama of the legal requirements. Since this Act was passed before the Trust Board (ITB) within eThekwini Municipality (Ndebele, 2016). promulgation of the legislation that governs the preparation and adoption The Ingonyama Trust was the outcome of a deal between the of spatial plans, it is, therefore, silent on how administration should be National Party (NP) which was the ruling party at the time, and the undertaken in the context of these plans. Inkatha Freedom Party in the twilight of the apartheid era in 1994.
The trust was established to manage land owned by the government of KwaZulu Natal and is currently responsible for 2.8 The preparation of Adams R603 Settlement Plan and Draft scheme million hectares in the KZN province. King Zwelithini (Ingonyama), is considers that land within the study area is tribal land. Indigenous responsible for administering and managing land that falls within knowledge, processes and procedures will be incorporated into the the jurisdiction of tribal authorities for the benefit, material welfare, scheme to ensure its legitimacy. and social well-being of the members of the tribes and communities as set out in the Ingonyama Trust Amendment Act 3 of 1994(as amended by Act 9 of 1997).
Ingonyama Trust which is a Body Corporate established in terms of (Sec 2 of the KZN ITB Act KZN of 94) is the registered owner of various pieces of land in KwaZulu Natal which have always historically being part of the land in the Zulu Kingdom dating back to various Zulu Kings.
Section 2 (2) of the Ingonyama Trust Act establishes the framework for the administration of the land for the benefit of communities.
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Section 2 (5) of the Ingonyama Trust Act establishes the framework in which land rights are to be granted and at the same time protecting trust land.
In terms of Section 3 of the National Heritage Resources Act, 1999 Cultural and The preparation of the Adams R603 Settlement Plan and Draft Scheme (Act No 25 of 1999), heritage resources are: Heritage will consider existing heritage resources including graves, archaeological (a)places, buildings, structures and equipment of cultural and palaeontological sites that are protected in terms of sections 33, 35, significance; and 36 of the KwaZulu-Natal Heritage Act (KZNHA) (No. 4 of 2008). (b)places to which oral traditions are attached or which are associated with living heritage; (c)historical settlements and townscapes; (d)landscapes and natural features of cultural significance; (e)geological sites of scientific or cultural importance; (f)archaeological and paleontological sites; (g)graves and burial grounds, including— (i) ancestral graves; (ii) royal graves and graves of traditional leaders; (iii) graves of victims of conflict; (iv) graves of individuals designated by the Minister by notice in the Gazette; (v) historical graves and cemeteries; and (vi) other human remains which are not covered in terms of the Human Tissue Act, 1983 (Act No. 65 of 1983); (h)sites of significance relating to the history of slavery in South Africa;
movable objects, including: (i) objects recovered from the soil or waters of South Africa, including archaeological and palaeontological objects and material, meteorites and rare geological specimens;
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(ii) objects to which oral traditions are attached or which are associated with living heritage; (iii) ethnographic art and objects; (iv) military objects; (v) objects of decorative or fine art; (vi) objects of scientific or technological interest; and (vii) books, records, documents, photographic positives and negatives, graphic, film or video material or sound recordings, excluding those that are public records as defined in section 1(xiv) of the National Archives of South Africa Act, 1996 (Act No. 43 of 1996). Spatial Planning eThekwini municipality ADOPTED their first Spatial Planning & Land The scheme process will be guided by the prescripts of the eThekwini and Land Use Management Use Management Bylaw on 1 August 2017. The eThekwini spatial planning and land use bylaw. bylaw Municipality: Planning and Land Use Management By-Law appeared on the Provincial Gazette on 31 August 2017. This means any development applications submitted to the municipality after this date must be done in accordance with the Planning By-Law. The Bylaw details the necessary requirements for development applications, categories of development applications and decision- making structures within the municipality.
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2.2. Policy Framework • Promoting active citizenry to strengthen development, democracy and accountability 2.2.1. National Development Plan (2011) • Bringing about faster economic growth, higher investment and The National Development Plan (NDP) is South Africa’s long-term plan greater labour absorption aimed at eradicating poverty and reducing inequality by 2030 through • Focusing on key capabilities of people and the state uniting the nation and drawing from energies of all the citizens, • Building a capable and developmental state growing an inclusive economy, building capabilities, building a capable • Encouraging strong leadership throughout society to work state and promoting leadership and partnership throughout society. together to solve problems
The NDP provides strategic direction at national level to address the The Plan aims to ensure that all South Africans attain a decent standard key challenges hindering social and economic upliftment of local of living through the elimination of poverty and reduction of inequality. communities. The implementation of the NDP lies in the preparation The core elements of a decent standard of living identified in the Plan of local plans such as the scheme to translate its long-term objectives are: and strategies practically. • Housing, water, electricity and sanitation • Safe and reliable public transport • Quality education and skills development 2.2.2. KZN Provincial Growth Development Strategy/Plan • Safety and security 2011 • Quality health care The KwaZulu-Natal Provincial Growth and Development Strategy • Social protection (PGDS) is a provincial interpretation of the NDP whilst the Provincial • Employment Growth Development Plan (PGDP) is the spatial translation of the • Recreation and leisure strategy. The strategy was adopted in 2011 whilst the plan was • Clean environment adopted in 2015. More recently, the strategy and plan were both revised and adopted in 2016 to align with current trends. The PGDS/P The NDP identifies six priority areas in addressing the challenges faced provides the provincial long-term vision and provides a strategic by the country: framework for accelerated and shared economic growth through catalytic and developmental interventions. The strategic review of the • Uniting all South Africans around a common programme to 2011 PGDS/P has seen an adjustment of the vision from 2030 to 2035. achieve prosperity and equity
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The outcomes are still the same however the review is based on a 5- • Harness the Province’s assets and endowments; year implementation process. The vision statement is • Develop the Province’s greatest asset, its human capital; “By 2035 KwaZulu-Natal will be a prosperous Province with a healthy, • Harmonise environmental integrity and human and social secure and skilled population, living in dignity and harmony, acting development with economic development; as a gateway to Africa and the World.” • Government must be developmental, competent, caring and facilitating as well as efficient in the use of its financial and human The Revised 2016 KZN PGDS/P continues to: resources; • Be the primary growth and development strategy for KwaZulu- • The private sector must be engaged and supported to grow a Natal, but now to 2035; shared economy to provide employment and decent working • Mobilise and synchronise strategic plans and investment conditions; priorities in all spheres of government, state owned entities, • Organised labour must protect workers from exploitation while business, higher education institutions, labour, civil society and promoting labour productivity; and all other social partners, in order to achieve the desired growth • Civil society must be strengthened and capacitated. and development goals, objectives and outcomes; • Spatially contextualise and prioritise interventions so as to Against this background, the Revised 2016 KZN PGDS/P is designed to achieve greater spatial equity; facilitate sustainable and inclusive economic growth, reduce growing • Guide clearly defined institutional arrangements that ensure inequality, eradicate poverty and promote environmental decisive and effective leadership, robust management, thorough sustainability. The following seven long-term goals have been implementation and ongoing inclusive reviews of the growth and identified to guide policy-making, programme prioritisation and development plan; resource allocation. • Provide a firm basis for monitoring, evaluation and reporting, as well as a framework for public accountability.
In attempting to address the challenges faced by the Province and embrace the policy intentions, the following principles were developed to facilitate overall guidance in the development of the 2011 KZN PGDS/P Strategic Framework and these still apply, namely: • Grow the economy to achieve shared and inclusive growth;
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Figure 4: Seven Strategic Objectives 2.2.3. eThekwini Integrated Development Plan/Spatial Development Framework 2018/19 The Municipal Systems Act, 32 of 2000 (MSA) requires that all local municipalities must each prepare an Integrated Development Plan (IDP). The IDP is a five-year plan which is reviewed annually. The IDP is the overarching plan that supersedes all other plans within the municipality.
Following the 2016 Local Government Elections, eThekwini municipality prepared their 5-year cycle IDP and SDF 2017/2022. Both have recently been reviewed for the 2018/19 Financial Year. The IDP has a long-term vision which is linked to strategic global, national and regional policy namely Sustainable Development Goals, National Development Plan, Service Delivery Agreement Outcome 9, Medium Term Strategic Framework 2015 – 2019, Spatial Planning and Land Use Management Act, Provincial Growth and Development Strategy and the Provincial Government Priorities (EM IDP, 2018: 273). The long- term vision of the City reads: “By 2030, eThekwini will enjoy the reputation of being Africa’s Source: PGDS 2016 most caring and liveable City, where all citizens live in harmony.” To achieve the vision and to address the development challenges, below are Strategic Priority Areas outlined in the IDP which need to be taken into consideration:
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• Plan 2: Develop a Prosperous, Diverse Economy and Employment Figure 5: Strategic Priority Areas Creation • Plan 3: Creating a Quality Living Environment • Plan 4: Fostering a Socially Equitable Environment. • Plan 5: Creating a Platform for Growth, Empowerment and Skills A Safe City An Accessible Development City • Plan 6: A vibrant and Creative City - the Foundation for Sustainability and Social Cohesion. • Plan 7: Good Governance and Responsive Local Government. Africa's An • Plan 8: Financially Accountable and Sustainable City. A Financially Caring and Environmentally Sustainable City Liveable City Sustainable City The monitoring and evaluation of the City’s performance and progress in implementing its Eight Point Plan assessed in conjunction with the national Key Performance Areas (KPAs) which include: A Socially A City Creating • Basic Service Delivery Cohesive City • Local Economic Development (LED) • Good Governance and Public Participation • Municipal Institutional Development and Transformation Source: eThekwini IDP 2018 • Municipal Financial Viability and Management • Cross Cutting
The 8-point plan addresses challenges by promoting separated but related plans, programmes and projects that are supportive of each The preparation of the Adams R603 Settlement Plan and Draft Scheme other, to ensure greater impact in delivery and, its goals and outcomes should be understood within the context of the City’s efforts of are achieved (EM: 2018). These include the following: implementing its long-term vision. The scheme will provide land use management support to existing land use management structures to • Plan 1: Develop and Sustain our Spatial, Natural and Built make informed decisions on the direction and magnitude of Environment development within the area.
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Chapter 5 of the MSA requires the Spatial Development Framework 1. Density and settlement patterns -In 2010 eThekwini Municipality (SDF) must be prepared as a core component of the IDP. It further embarked on preparing development scenarios which indicate requires that the SDF provide basic guidelines for a municipal land use that the population of the metropolitan area will grow from 3,6 management system (LUMS). Chapter 4 of the SPLUMA also provides million people in 2007 to 4,37 million by 2030. The eThekwini for the preparation of SDF’s as part of the municipality’s integrated Metropolitan region would therefore have to accommodate an development plan in accordance with the provisions of the MSA. additional 775,000 people with 155,000 of those in the Southern region (EM, 2018: 67). The SDF also found that the density in the
rural periphery doubled between 2001 and 2011 (EM, 2018: 63). This SDF is an integral component of the Integrated Development Plan The rural areas are seen as a “soft” landing for migrants as (IDP) and a key spatial transformation tool which guides how the regulations regarding development land, property taxation and implementation of the IDP should occur in space. The SDF translates servicing costs are minimal in these areas as opposed to typically the IDP vision. The spatial vision is aligned with the SPLUMA urban areas (EM SDF, 64). The study area is also experiencing such development principles and reads as follows: changes. “By 2030 a socially equitable, environmentally sustainable, resilient and functionally efficient Municipality that bolsters its status as a 2. Spatial regions – The municipal area is divided into four functional gateway to Africa and the world” (EM SDF, 2018: 257). areas namely the Central Municipal Planning Region (CMPR), South Municipal Planning Region (SMPR), West Municipal Planning The SDF identifies the following as spatial tools to protect both the Region (WMPR) and North Municipal Planning Region (NMPR) (EM built and natural environment and guide the direction of growth and SDF, 2018: 65). The study area falls within the Southern region. the delivery of social services by outlining areas in which particular
types of land uses should be encouraged or discouraged and areas in which the intensity of land development could either be increased or 3. D’MOSS – The SDF identifies the Durban Metropolitan Open Space reduced (EM SDF, 2018: 262): System (D'MOSS) plan as a layer with key environmental assets • Urban Core which need to be conserved and protected. The SDF recognises the importance of integrating the D’MOSS layer with the broader • An Urban Development Corridor bounded by an Urban municipal plans such as the scheme. The study area has number of Development Line (UDL). settlements which are encroaching on environmentally sensitive • A Rural Hinterland areas. The following are some of the key aspects highlighted in the SDF which 4. Urban Development Line - The Urban Development Line (UDL) impact on the R603 Adams Settlement Plan and Draft Scheme: falls outside of the study area. Areas that fall outside of the UDL
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are regarded as having a minimum erf size of 1800m² with the access to surrounding rural communities and must have easy current level of service being urine diversion toilet and standpipe access for pedestrians (EM SDF, 2018: 300). The study area within which provides a maximum supply of 300 litres per day. This has the Rural service node. changed and the municipality. This has necessitated that the City
look into redefining rural densities, boundaries and the role and structure of the rural areas within the municipality (EM SDF, 2018: 7. Agriculture - eThekwini has a number of areas with high 87). agricultural potential and these areas are under pressure for development mostly in Ingonyama Trust Land. The SDF estimates that 68% of the municipality is already transformed and that large 5. Transportation - The eThekwini Transport Authority (ETA) areas of existing and high agriculture potential are also proposed prepared an Integrated Rapid Public Transport Network (IRPTN) to be developed for non-agriculture uses. plan for the entire eThekwini Municipal area. The IRPTN “wall to
wall” plan defines the ultimate (2025) public transport network for the Municipality. The integrated network comprises a system of trunk, feeder and complementary routes that have been designed to respond to the resultant demand of the existing and forecasted
activity patterns in accordance with the Municipality’s SDF (EM SDF, 2018: 291). The Corridor C2: Bridge City and KwaMashu via Berea road to Umlazi and Isipingo will see a major upgrade on the main rail route with new trains being capable of carrying 2000 people (EM SDF, 2018: 293). A feasibility study has been completed by PRASA for three new rail stations along the south coast rail corridor with specific focus on Galleria, Mnini and Rocky Bay.
6. Economic nodes – Adams/Folweni is identified as a Rural Service node. These nodes provide local level services (social and economic activities, traditional structures, facilities etc.) for surrounding communities, must be centrally located for easy
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Figure 6: Ethekwini SDF
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2.2.4. eThekwini South Spatial Development Plan • The appropriate formalisation of the densifying traditional The Adams R603 Settlement Plan and Draft Scheme falls within the settlement areas at various densities indicated, together with the South Spatial Development Plan (SSDP). The SSDP was initially adopted provision of appropriate physical and social services and the in 2009 and was later reviewed in 2014. facilitation and support of local economic development, • The appropriate protection and usage of the natural environment, The main objectives of the SSDP therefore include: • Identifying mitigating actions for all development surrounding the Umbogintwini noxious industries. • To establish an understanding of the strategic role of the
southern area within the context of the eThekwini Municipality,
• To ensure alignment of the SSDP with the development plans of the west and north as well as other municipal sector plans and municipal strategic processes that have spatial implication, • To inform the broader Unicity Spatial Development Framework
as well as providing guidance for subsequent local area plans and land use schemes.
The SSDP covers 510km² in extent and is estimated to accommodate in the region of 758 390 people, which is 22% of the total metropolitan population of 3.4 million.
The South Spatial Development Plan proposed the following planning and development priorities for Adams/Folweni area: • The establishment of the Adams local service node, local activity nodes at the MR242 and MR80, in addition to the upgrading of existing community centres, • The provision of better north-south link roads,
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Figure 7: South Spatial Development Plan 2.2.5. eThekwini Rural Development Strategy 2016 The eThekwini Rural Strategy was completed in 2016. The aim of the strategy was to redefine rural densities, boundaries and the role of the structure of the rural areas in order to improve the social, spatial and economic contribution of rural in eThekwini municipality. The strategy emphasized that 67% of the municipality is rural in nature and defines the meaning the meaning of the term ‘rural’. Rural areas are characterized as areas: • outside of city limits • sparse population using population formula per square kilometre • population densities less than 150 people / km² • dwelling densities less than 1 du/ hectares • primary economic activity agriculture • generally located in countryside The strategy puts forward a number of planning proposals which are tied to the development of detailed plans in order to achieve the requirements of SPLUMA of creating wall-to-wall schemes. The R603 (Adams) Settlement Plan and Draft Scheme is one such plan, following the Nsimbini/Golokodo Draft Scheme, which aims to extend the existing scheme and promote orderly development on areas regarded as rural under Traditional leadership which are transforming at a rapid pace.
2.2.6. Adams Local Area Plan The Folweni/Adams Local Area Plan (LAP) was completed in 2012. In terms of development proposals, the LAP makes use of spatial tools,
such as development corridors, service centres and activity points to
Page 28 R603 (ADAMS) SETTLEMENT PLAN AND DRAFT SCHEME identify areas that require detailed planning and where resources need • Neighbourhood Node (Empusheni, Emasomini, Sawpits and to be prioritized. These are summarized below: Nkanyisweni) • Specialised Node (Dodoza, Mangamazini, KwaMakhutha and Emsahweni) 2.2.6.1. Corridor Development The LAP identifies four nodes requiring resource prioritization which The Folweni/Adams LAP (2012: 72) defines development corridors as fall within or just outside the study area. These include Adams, routes of highest intensity of activities and four levels are identified: Empusheni, Sawpits and Nkanyisweni. A number of proposals are earmarked for these nodes which need to be guided by the scheme. • Primary Roads (M35)
• Secondary Roads (R603/M37)) • Tertiary Roads (P152/Sheleni road) 2.2.6.3. Densities • Local Roads (A series of linking roads) The Folweni/Adams LAP (2012: 74) identifies 3 levels of development These corridors provide linkages to the study area directly or indirectly. intensities. These include the following: M35 forms the northern boundary of the study area; R603 bisects the study area and M37 forms part the southern boundary; and Sheleni • Low density - These areas are earmarked for agriculture, road forms part of the eastern boundary. These corridors are critical environmental protection and medicinal plants. These areas for the development of the study area. include Nkanyisweni and Empusheni. The proposed density is 6 du/ha.
• Medium density - These are experiencing growth due to location 2.2.6.2. Nodal development and available services. These areas are characterized by substantial, generally good quality housing structures spread The Folweni/Adams LAP (2012: 74) defines development nodes as across the section Adams and Ezwelisha. The proposed density is main centres (at different levels) which are being fed by development 10-15 du/ha. corridors in terms of people and physical thresholds. Some of the • High density – These areas are densifying at a rapid pace due to characteristics of nodes is that they provide concentration of different reasons attributed to Zero to Low levies for high level of services activities and can potentially expand in size based on different uses. found here; Reasonable social facilities Simple transaction The LAP identifies four levels of nodes towards land allocation; Good road network; and Good public • Rural Investment Node (Nsimbini) transport system These areas include Nsimbini, Golokodo, • Local Service Node (Adams and Folweni)
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Mangamazini, Dodoza, KwaNkonka and Ntabankulu. Although these areas fall outside the study area but the trend is similar.
2.2.6.4. Land uses The Folweni/Adams LAP made proposals for each node. The following are social facilities proposed within the study area: • Adams – Resource or training centre and mixed-use zone; • Nkanyisweni - Multipurpose centre, Administration, Sports facility, Clinic and library; • Sawpits - Upgrade to sports field, Local shop and Cemeteries
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Figure 8: Folweni/Adams Local Area Plan
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3. GUIDELINES FOR THE PREPARATION OF A • To promote and protect the amenity within areas and SCHEME neighbourhoods; • To resolve conflict between different land uses, and to control In 2011, the Municipal Planning Chief Directorate of the Department of Co- negative externalities; operative Governance and Traditional Affairs (CoGTA) published Kwazulu- • To balance the interests of individuals with those of the public; Natal Land Use Management System Guidelines for the preparation of • To enable the coordinated and efficient use of land; Schemes for municipalities. The introduction of the Spatial Planning and • To enable the efficient movement of persons and goods; Land Use Management Act 16 of 2013 (SPLUMA) has also assisted in • To promote the economy; providing the necessary of guidelines for the preparation of schemes. This • To protect natural resources (ecosystem services), including section seeks to provide the definition of a scheme, its purpose, and agricultural resources (high potential agricultural land); content based on the national and provincial policy directives. • To protect unique areas or features • To protect cultural resources and places of religious and cultural significance; 3.1. Purpose and objectives of a scheme • To manage land generally, including change of land use and According to the KZN COGTA Land use management guidelines (2011), building type; municipalities use schemes as tools to guide and manage development • To provide a statutory basis for public involvement. This is done according to the vision, strategies and policies of the Integrated through the SPLUMA with the Scheme acting as the mechanism Development Plan and Spatial Development Framework, and in the and focus for a particular area interests of the general public to promote sustainable development • In KZN there is the Planning and Development Act, Act No. 6 of and quality of life. 2008 (KZNPDA) which is a provincial legislation which compliments SPLUMA; The objectives of Schemes can be summarized as follows: • To provide a means of enforcement; • To designate desirable land uses and provide clarity on what may • To ensure the retention of land for future uses, the need for or may not occur on a property, and what may be considered at location and extent of which is not presently certain. the discretion of the municipality; • To promote the certainty of land use which protects property values and creates investor confidence;
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3.2. What is a Scheme 3.3. Components of a scheme According to the KZN COGTA Land use management guidelines (2011), The KZN COGTA Land use management guidelines (2011) indicate that a Scheme is a statutory document which divides a municipality into the components of a scheme should include the following: zones. These zones are then regulated according to: • Strategic policies • The use of land and buildings for commercial, industrial, • Statements of intent residential and other purposes; • Zones • The height and bulk of buildings and other structures; • Development parameters or scheme controls • The area of a lot which may be occupied, and sometimes the size • Scheme policies of required open spaces; • Indirectly the density of population. In terms of section 25 (1) of the SPLUMA, a Land Use Scheme must:
• include suitable categories of land use zoning and regulations for Furthermore, a Scheme regulates the impact of the use of land and the entire municipal area, including areas not previously subject buildings on: to a land use scheme; • Its own lot • take cognisance of any environmental management instrument • The immediate neighbours adopted by the relevant environmental management authority, • The impact on the surrounding area, or precinct and must comply with environmental legislation; • The impact on adjacent zones, especially in residential areas. • include provisions that permit the incremental introduction of land use management and regulation in areas under traditional In terms of SPLUMA (Section 24), a municipality must after public leadership, rural areas, informal settlements, slums and areas not consultation, adopt and approve a single land use scheme for its entire previously subject to a land use scheme; area within five years from the commencement of the Act. • include provisions to promote the inclusion of affordable housing in residential land development; - the model land use to give guidance on how a land use scheme can be used to enforce a Municipal Spatial Development Framework; • that will accommodate for the integration of the Land Use Scheme into the geographic information system (GIS) of the municipality;
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• include land use and development incentives to promote the making and a spatial planning system that allows for the translation of effective implementation of the spatial development framework strategic objectives in land use decision making. The planning system and other development policies; is guided by three components which include: • include land use and development provisions specifically to • Long-term vision, strategic direction and guidance, sectoral promote the effective implementation of national and provincial integration and investment framework (IDP and SDF) policies; and • Linking Elements provide quantification, more detailed spatial • Give effect to municipal spatial development frameworks and plans, and operational and institutional guidance; and integrated development plans. • the Schemes provide the statutory basis for land use decision-
making A land use scheme may include provisions relating to: • the use and development of land only with the written consent The SPLUMA requires that municipalities develop Spatial Planning and of the municipality; Land use Bylaws which will indicate how the Act will be implemented. • specific requirements regarding any special zones identified to eThekwini municipality ADOPTED their first Spatial Planning & Land address the development priorities of the municipality; and Use Management Bylaw on 1 August 2017. The eThekwini • The variation of conditions of a land use scheme other than a Municipality: Planning and Land Use Management By-Law appeared variation which may materially alter or affect conditions relating on the Provincial Gazette on 31 August 2017. The Bylaw details the to the use, size and scale of buildings and the intensity or density necessary requirements for the preparation of land use schemes, of land use. procedures and decision-making structures within the municipality. • Symbols.
Section 11 (1) of the Bylaw stipulates that the Development Planning 3.4. Package of plans Unit of the Municipality must prepare all plans forming part of the It is important that the preparation of a scheme is consistent with the Municipal Spatial Development Framework. Section 11 (2) further broader strategic planning of a municipality. Within this context, a provides for the package of plans of the Municipality which is cyclic in scheme is one plan within a broader package or suite of plans prepared nature. The diagram below sets out the iterative package of plans: by a municipality. According to the KZN COGTA land use management
guidelines, consistency between the package of plans can be achieved if there is capacity to interpret strategic objectives in land use decision
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Figure 9: Package of plans 4. SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS 4.1. Demographic Profile
4.1.1. Population The population of eThekwini Municipality was standing at 3 702 231 according to Community Survey 2016. Out of this, majority (33.5%) are youth (i.e. between 15-35 years), followed by children (0-14 years) 29.5% and 35-59 years recorded at 28.3%. The age composition of eThekwini Municipality demonstrates that a big percentage (63%) of the population is youthful.
The figure below demonstrates the population of the study area as provided for by Census 2011. It shows that a total of 79 229 people resides in the study area, of which most of them (44 875) are located in ward 67 and 34 354 are in ward 96.
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Figure 10: Population Figure 11: Population Growth 2011 - 2017
Ward 67 Ward 96 Total
17864 100 000 FEMALE 90 000 87 271 84 504 85 416 86 339 23502 81 824 82 708 83 601 80 000 79 229 80 085 80 950 70 000 60 000 -16490 50 000 47 863 48 379 48 90249 430 MALE 44 875 45 360 45 850 46 345 46 845 47 351 40 000 -21373 37 037 37 43737 841 34 354 34 725 35 100 35 479 35 862 36 250 36 641 30 000 20 000 -30000 -20000 -10000 0 10000 20000 30000 10 000 Ward 96 Ward 67 - 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
4.1.2. Projected Population
To provide a more realistic current estimate, this report used the The population growth experienced in the study area has double eThekwini 2011 population growth percentage per annum (i.e. 1.08%) impact. On one side, it can stimulate the growth in its economy to calculate the estimated recent population. The figure below shows through provision of labour and growing market for goods and service the estimated population after considering the growth rate per which in turn can stimulate entrepreneurs to invest in capital goods annum. It shows that the population of Adams is estimated to be 87 and machinery, consequently spurring business activities in the study 271 by 2020, out of which 49430 will be from Ward 67 and 37841 from area. On the other side, population growth puts pressure on the Ward 96. municipality and other government departments to provide basic services including water, road network, electricity, schools, hospitals, etc.
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4.1.3. Age Profile The figure below shows the education level of the study area. It shows The figure below illustrates the age structure of the study area. It that the area has a population that is not well schooled. About 23% shows that a great percentage (33.5%) are youth (15 – 34 age bracket), have some primary education, 4% finished primary school, 31% have 29.5% are 0 – 14 years whereas 28.3% are in the 35 -59 age group. The some secondary and about 21% completed matric. Only 17% have study area is dominated by a youthful population that economically higher level of education. The status of the education in the study area and socially active. If provided with economic opportunities can be a is not encouraging and could be an obstacle to business. Investors are source of labour and if not could be prone to social upheavals. likely to be attracted to areas that have educated or skilled labour.
Figure 12: Age Structure Figure 13: Education Level
35% 40,0% 31% 33,5% 35,0% 30% 29,5% 28,3% 30,0% 25% 23% 21% 25,0% 20% 20,0% 15% 13% 15,0% 8,7% 10,0% 10% 4% 4% 4% 5,0% 5% 0,0% 0% 0% 0 - 14 15 - 34 35 - 59 60+ No School Some Finshed Some Sec Grade 12 Higher Highest Highest Primary Primary Ed Ed Unspec
4.1.4. Education Level Ward 67 Ward 96 Total Education is one of the fundamental factors of development. The study area cannot achieve sustainable economic development without the availability and investment in human capital. Education improves the quality of people’s lives and leads to broad social benefits to individuals 4.1.5. Number of Households and society. It raises people’s productivity and creativity and promotes The figure below demonstrates the number of households within the entrepreneurship and technological advances. In addition, it plays a study area. It shows that there are 16 958 households in total within very crucial role in securing economic and social progress and the study area. Ward 67 has more households (9 939) compared to improving income distribution. ward 96 which has 7 019 households. The number of households are
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expected to have increased considerably to date. Like, population • The study area has a population that is not well schooled with growth, the increase in number of households strains the available only 17% having higher level of education (23% have some basic services. primary education, 4% finished primary school, 31% have some secondary and about 21% completed matric),
Figure 14: Number of Households 4.2. Institutional and Land Management 18 000 Analysis 16 000 16 958 14 000 This section is informed by various interviews held with 12 000 representatives of Sobonakhona-Makhanya Traditional Council on 16 10 000 October 2018 and subsequent questionnaires used on 21 October 9 939 8 000 2018 which focused on local residents within the study area. The 6 000 7 019 following sub-sections will be addressed: 4 000 2 000 • Historical background - W A R D 6 7 W A R D 9 6 TOTAL • Powers and functions • Land ownership • Traditional systems/practices • Summary of issues 4.1.6. Summary of Issues • A total of 79 229 people resides in the study area, of which most 4.2.1. Historical Background of them (44 875) are located in ward 67 and 34 354 are in ward 96, Sobonakhona-Makhanya community trace their origin from Qwabe ka • The population of the study area is estimated to be 87 271 by Malandela (from king of the Ngunis Malandela) who was the eldest 2020, out of which 49 430 will be from Ward 67 and 37 841 from son. There are traces along the Nonoti river but due to the upheavels Ward 96. of the time, they were forced to move and ended up settling in this • The study area is dominated by a youthful population 33.5% (15 area whilst some within the clan settled in Umzimkhulu. The first Inkosi – 34 age bracket), 29.5% are 0 – 14 years and 28.3% are in the 35 in the area was Makhutha who settled in Stonehill, now known as Kwa -59 age group, Makhutha. The current Inkosi, K S Makhanya follows after various
Page 38 R603 (ADAMS) SETTLEMENT PLAN AND DRAFT SCHEME generations from the first Inkosi which settled in this area. There have major events that have occurred within the area but the 1987 floods Map 1: Land ownership and violent conflict between the clan of Makhanya were significant. The 1987 floods incident saw a number of lives lost and destruction of many homesteads. whereas the violent conflicts occurred over a period of time and resulted in over 20 000 people losing their lives. In 2007, a peace treaty by Amakhosi within Umbumbulu in a ceremony which have led to the stability of the area.
4.2.2. Land Ownership The majority of land within the R603 Settlement Plan and Draft Scheme study area falls under the jurisdiction of Sobonakhona-Makhanya Traditional Authority. The remainder of the area is either State-owned or privately owned. The following map illustrates.
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4.2.3. Institutional Arrangement
The study area falls within the Sobonakhona Traditional Authority Map 2: Ward demarcations under Inkosi Makhanya. There are 3 izigodi within the study area which are administered by 2 izinduna. The following table elaborates:
Table 2: Izinduna
NAME ISIGODI Nkanyisweni, & Adams Mr Makhanya Mission Mr Shozi Sawpits
In addition, the following are ward councillors (as of August 2016)
Table 3: Ward Councilors
NAME WARD NUMBER
Cllr Makhanya 67
Cllr Mbhele 96
At a fairly higher level there are four institutions involved in the management and administration of Ingonyama Trust land. These are the KZN COGTA, Ingonyama Trust Board, traditional councils, and municipalities.
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4.2.4. Traditional systems/practices to be held where the applicant will be introduced to ibandla or immediate neighbours. The Sobonakhona-Makhanya Traditional Authority plays a significant • role in the land allocation process. Procedures for land allocation differ Induna gathers the Ibandla around, comprised of elderly persons in the community to take a walk about the area to assist him in depending on the type of land use involved. The general understanding allocating the applicant land. of the process is that land is held in trust by Inkosi. A person wishing to • settle in the area for residential, business and social purposes would Once confirmed by ibandla and neighbours, Induna will then take the applicant before Inkosi for introduction and to obtain not necessarily buy the land but will be granted permission to occupy Permission to Occupy (PTO). once they have undertaken all the procedures and processes. During the interview with Sobonakhona-Makhanya Traditional Authority and - Inkosi will examine the applicant’s documents; make sure local residents it was established that not much has changed with that all the above steps were followed; then issue a letter regards to the land allocation process. The Adam/Folweni LAP (2012) confirming acceptance for residency; had provided a detailed account of this process which is summarized - Inkosi will then have the responsibility for making sure that below: has provided Generally, the land allocation process can be all documents of the transaction are filed. summarized as follow:
4.2.4.2. Business, public facilities and other 4.2.4.1. Residential • The applicant will identify the preferred business site and then • The applicant identifies or points out a piece of land to the approach the induna responsible for that area. occupant of the land (or who is the PTO holder). Previously the • The induna requires the applicant to provide a letter confirming applicant would approach induna personally with the interest in previous residency. This can either be a letter from the previous being allocated land in the area but this has changed due to municipality; or a letter from the previous Inkosi where the densification. applicant resided. • The administrative formality that follows is that the applicant • The induna will then call the community together to inform them should provide a letter confirming previous residency, this can of the applicant’s intention to establish a business in the area. either be a letter from the previous municipality; or a letter from • Induna will then take the applicant before Inkosi for introduction; the previous Inkosi where the applicant resided. • Inkosi will issue a reposition document to the applicant. • The applicant is requested to pay a khonza fee and agreement is reached between the parties on the suitable day for a ceremony • Some applicants submit their lease agreement to the Municipality – Department of Development Planning for comments.
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4.2.5. Summary of issues 4.3. Spatial Trends • Cooperation between the traditional authority and eThekwini This section will provide a brief overview of the spatial trends and will Municipality is sometimes strained which impacts on efforts of focus on the following: collaboration with regards to land use management of the area; • Movement and linkages • Allocation of people on land which is not suitable for • Settlement patterns development due to the lack of mapping; • Land use activity • The allocation of land is based on the agreement between the
applicant and occupant which causes the plot sizes to vary in extent. 4.3.1. Movement and Linkages
The study area is located strategically within a hierarchy of mobility
routes. The major or primary route is R603 which splits the study area into two portions. The study area can be accessed from four directions namely:
• Camperdown/Umbumbulu through N3 onto R603 (north- westerly); • Lovu through the N2 onto R603 (southerly); • KwaMakhutha/Ezimbokodweni through N2 onto M37 (south- easterly); and • Isipingo/Nsimbini through N2 onto M35 (north-easterly).
The boundary of the study area is made up of the following routes:
• M35 • M37 • TRK 84091/Sheleni road • D994/TRK83322
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R603 can be regarded as the development spine which feeds the study 4.3.1.2. R603/D994 area with other secondary or access routes. Settlements tend to be This intersection is near Diphini area. It was observed that mainly located along major routes such as R603 which has led to ribbon private cars pass through this intersection. These are private cars development. All of the major roads are tarred with the exception of which pass by R603 as opposed to those coming through D994 from D994 and access roads which are gravel. the inland areas onto R603. This was followed by minibus taxis, trucks and buses. This intersection could also be regarded as a taxi rank. There
is much conflict between vehicles and pedestrians who were mainly A land use survey was done together with observations of the adults. Minibus taxis are parked and washed along the road. Again, movement patterns along major road intersections. The observations during a normal school day, it would be expected that there would be were done on 21 October 2018 between 08h00 and 10h00 a.m. for 30 more children walking along the road since Gugulabanguni school is minutes each and covered all the identified road intersections at close to the intersection. varying times. The observation focused on three intersections which will be discussed below. 4.3.1.3. M37/Sheleni intersection
It was observed that private cars mainly pass through this intersection. 4.3.1.1. R603/M35 Intersection This is followed by minibus taxis, trucks and buses. This intersection This is a major intersection within the study area. During the can be associated with much conflict between vehicles and observation, it was deduced that the movement of vehicles that pass pedestrians. Pedestrians who were mainly adults were seen standing through this intersection recorded private cars in the majority. These and waiting for public transport. This intersection can be regarded as a are vehicles coming from both roads R603 and M35. This intersection pickup point for minibus taxis. could also be seen as a public transport route with minibus taxis passing through from Umbumbulu to either Isipingo or Durban CBD (and vice versa). In descending order, it was private cars, minibus taxis, 4.3.2. Settlement patterns trucks and buses. In terms of pedestrian movement, it was adults with The settlement patterns range from sparsely to densely populated fewer children. On a normal school day during the same time, there areas. Previous studies have shed light on the changes that are would be more children along the road since there are schools within happening within the area. An observation was also done 21 October the vicinity of this intersection such as Sobonakhona Secondary School. 2018 for all three areas within the study area to ascertain the nature of these changes.
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4.3.2.1. Adams Mission Figure 15: Adams Mission Land uses According to the Folweni/Adams LAP (2012), the settlement of Adams Mission and Adams Rural originates as far back as 1835 with the arrival of ministries in Durban. During this period, several ministers landed near Durban, in KwaZulu Natal, as missionaries to the native Zulu populations. These missionaries established Adams Mission as an industrial school where carpentry, theology, teacher training and a higher education was received. The area functioned as a learning centre for the vast majority of black people during the apartheid days. Because of this the area of Adams mission has always served as an educational centre till the current day. In the last 10 years or so, it has experienced tremendous pressure on the land which has resulted in a major influx of people settling in the area. The housing typologies being built around this area is upmarket urban structures which is rapidly transforming the aesthetics from a typically rural area. The settlements tend to follow transport routes such as the R603 and Sheleni road.
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4.3.2.2. Nkanyisweni This settlement has seen an influx of people but it has not fully Figure 16: Nkanyisweni Land uses transformed. There are many areas within the settlement which are currently used for subsistence agriculture and grazing land. However, the housing typologies are also changing within this settlement. This Activity has created a combination of modern, urban and formal structures with traditional, rural and informal structures.
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4.3.2.3. Sawpits Sawpits is an adjoining area or sub area to Nkanyisweni. This Figure 17: Sawpits Land uses settlement is one of the few sparsely populated areas within the study area. Subsistence and commercial agriculture are still practiced in this area. Although the housing typologies are changing from traditional to Activity modern, the densities have remained predominantly under 6 dwelling units per hectares. However, if development is not guided in the next 5-10 years the area will transform significantly.
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4.3.3. Land Use Activity • Site camp The most predominant land use within the study is residential. The 7. Places of worship following are land uses spread across the different areas within the • Churches study area: 8. Health • Adams Clinic
4.3.3.1. Adams Mission along Sheleni road 4.3.3.2. Sawpits The following table elaborates: The following table elaborates: Table 4: Land Uses within Adams
Within study area Within 100m radius Table 5: Land uses within Sawpits
1. Educational - Xolani’s Tuckshop Within study area Within 100m radius • Schools - Hardware • Adams College - Restaurant 1. Educational - Hardware 2. Recreational - Vuka store and • Sobonakhona High - Uzwelo funeral • Tennis ground Funeral parlour school services • Sports grounds - St John Church • Sawpits Day-care - Post Box 3. Business - Josephine Makhanya centre - Driving school • Hardware primary sport school - Fast food • Butchery Adams and creche 2. Places of worship - Salon • Tuckshops - Adams mission Public • Full Gospel - Mshazi Tuckshop • Tavern Scrap yard Library, Hall and • Reformed Christian • Car wash Laboratory church - Fast food and car • Lindani driving school 3. Business wash 4. Cemetery • Car wash - Dam 5. Taxi rank • KM Cattle 6. Heritage and Tourism
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4.3.3.3. North of Adams Mission inform existing wetland data and current DMOSS areas within the The following table elaborates: study area. The following will be covered:
Table 6: Land uses within Adams north • Assessment method • Topography, geology and hydrology Within study area Within 100m radius • Vegetation 1. Business - Creche • Site specific habitats and vegetation forms • Tuckshop • Conservation importance 2. Educational • Summary of issues • Igugulabanguni Primary School 4.4.1. Assessment method • Kwazikhonzele A preliminary review of aerial imagery was undertaken using 2015 General Dealer fast aerial imagery supplied by eThekwini Municipality and available aerial food photography from Arc GIS online, prior to a field investigation that was • Supermarket undertaken on 13th of September 2018. Following the site visit, 3. Taxi Rank (R603) identified habitats and vegetation forms were mapped using the above 4. Agriculture resources. The investigation sought to: • Cattle dip • Confirm the nature of the prevailing terrain, with
consideration of the level of settlement and transformation 4.4. Environmental Analysis inherent within the site. • Identify and consider key physical features (wetland, This section is based on the preliminary ecological assessment hydrological and topographical components), as well as undertaken for the study area which will inform a broad scale vegetation communities (habitats), from the review of aerial environmental assessment of the Adams R603 settlement plan and imagery. Draft scheme. This assessment provides an overview of the ecological • Consider any features of regional ecological significance and status of the study area and resulted in the compilation of a GIS layer the placement of the study site in relation to such features. that incorporates all sensitive and potentially sensitive habitats for
consideration and inclusion into the settlement plan. This layer will
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Additional information was obtained from EWT courtesy of Jeanne Tarrant) with specific reference to an established community based natural resources project and a resultant amphibian, bird and plant species list. The extent of the natural resources study area was provided. Spatial data sources included the Kwazulu-Natal Vegetation Types (Scott-Shaw and Escott 2011), Vegetation
Conservation Status (Jewitt and Escott 2011) and EKZN Wildlife CBA layers (EKZN Wildlife, Irreplaceable, Optimal and Ecological Support Areas 2016). A DMOSS (Durban Municipal Open Space System) layer and wetland layer relevant to the study area were supplied by eThekwini Municipality.
4.4.2. Description of the study area
The study area consists primarily of high and medium density semi- formal residential development, with some small scale commercial and agricultural land uses within the study area. The extent of the study area is approximately 873,4ha. A comparison between 2003 and 2018 Google Earth imagery illustrates the extent of transformation that has taken place over the past 15 years. According to the 2003 imagery, the area was largely undeveloped, with most of the undeveloped land being used for sugar cane cultivation or grazing land. The 2018 imagery illustrates largescale transformation and encroachment into valley lines and previously undisturbed areas. Due to the informal nature of most of the development, formal sewage disposal infrastructure has not been established. Portable water and electricity appear to be available to most properties.
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Figure 18: A comparison between 2011 and 2016
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In order to attempt to preserve the biodiversity present within the Adams Mission area, the EWT, in partnership with the National Map 3: DMOSS & Wetlands Department of Environmental Affairs, set up a community based Natural Resources Project (Tarrant pers com 2018). The project currently employs 10 residents who have been part of a skills development programme. The aim of the project is to formally protect wetland and swamp forest habitat within an area sanctioned by two local Indunas. This area, known as the “Biodiversity Agreement” is shown relative to the settlement plan study area in the map below. Significant overlap is evident. Monitoring of the agreement area takes place at a community level and detailed baseline assessments of the wetland habitat, fauna and flora have been undertaken.
In addition to the Biodiversity Agreement, undeveloped areas of the study area have been included into the DMOSS spatial plan. The figure below provides and overview of wetland extent and DMOSS zones within the study area.
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4.4.3. Topography, geology and hydrology The study area lies on an elevated coastal plain underlain Map 4: Hydrological Features predominantly by Natal Group Sandstone. Topography is variable ranging from gently undulating in in the north-west to moderately steep to steep valleys and scarps in the south east. The study area falls within quaternary catchment U70F and is situated within the upper catchment of the Manzimtoti River.
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4.4.4. Vegetation
Map 5: Topography & Slope Based on the revised vegetation data (Scott-Shaw and Escott 2011) for Kwazulu-Natal, the study area consists of 4 vegetation types. These include the following:
• Kwazulu-Natal Coastal Belt Grassland • Alluvial Wetlands: Subtropical Alluvial Vegetation • Freshwater Wetlands: Subtropical Freshwater Wetlands • Swamp Forests: Voacanga thouarsii Swamp Forest
4.4.4.1. Kwazulu-Natal Coastal Belt Grassland Synonymous with the Kwazulu-Natal Coastal Belt (CB 3) vegetation type described by Mucina and Rutherford (2006), this vegetation type forms a long coastal strip between Mtunzini in the north and Port Edward in the south. Much of this vegetation type is presumed to have been covered by extensive coastal forests, of which remnants remain. Presently, this vegetation type consists of a mosaic of urbanization, timber plantations, sugar cane cultivation, secondary vegetation (Aristida junciformis dominated grasslands), coastal thornveld and exotic invasion. Primary grasslands are limited and only occur where natural fire and grazing regimens remain. Such grasslands are dominated by Themeda triandra and are rich in species diversity.
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4.4.4.2. Alluvial Wetlands: Subtropical Alluvial Vegetation This vegetation type is associated with flat alluvial terraces and consists Map 6: Vegetation Types of a complex of macrophytes, reed beds, flooded grasslands, ephemeral herb lands and riverine thicket. Although present, this
vegetation type is more prevalent in Northern Kwazulu-Natal and the Lowveld.
4.4.4.3. Freshwater Wetlands: Subtropical Freshwater Wetlands This vegetation type is synonymous with Subtropical Freshwater Wetlands (AZf 6) described by Mucina and Rutherford (2006). These areas have a flat topography and area dominated by reeds, sedges and rushes. These areas are usually associated with seasonal depressions, alluvial backwaters and artificial dams.
4.4.4.4. Swamp Forests: Voacanga thouarsii Swamp Forest This is one of 4 swamp forest types that occurs within the coastal areas of the upper Eastern Cape and Kwazulu-Natal. These forests are generally 12 to 15 m tall with 2 main strata. The understorey is poorly developed. The ferns Microsorum punctatum and Nephrolepsis bisserata are important taxa and orchids, specifically Eulophia horsfallii are common. Swamp forests are usually concentrated in pockets or extend as “ribbons” associated with low altitude watercourses.
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4.4.5. Site specific habitats and vegetation forms 4.4.5.2. Grassland-Forest mosaic The mapping of habitats based on aerial photography and a brief site Situated on the southern slope of an inaccessible valley associated with visit, classified the remaining natural and secondary vegetation further the Manzimtoti River, this habitat form consists of intermittent into localized habitat forms. These habitat forms are presented and patches of dense woody vegetation (trees and woody shrubs) with discussed below. interspersed grassland. This habitat form is considered to be representative of primary habitat as the area does not appear to have been settled or cultivated. 2003 Google Earth Imagery shows this area as undisturbed. Burning and livestock grazing are likely to have been With reference to the figure below, the following habitat forms were the most significant disturbances within the area during the recent identified: past. • Degraded wetland
• Grassland • Grassland – Forest mosaic 4.4.5.3. Mixed vegetation • Mixed vegetation A dry terrestrial vegetation type characterized by a mixture of • Natural forest indigenous and exotic trees. Exotic trees such as Eucalyptus grandis • Riparian and Melia azaderach are well established. • Secondary grassland • Swamp forest • Wetland 4.4.5.4. Natural forest This habitat type consists of a large area of mesic forest predominantly made up of Northern Coastal Forest, but with elements of scarp forest 4.4.5.1. Degraded wetland and riverine forest where suitable conditions prevail. This habitat is Areas of wetland habitat that are largely transformed, primarily located on the northern slope (south facing) of the Manzimtoti River through informal and unregulated settlement. The level of exotic valley. Main indicators of the mesic and coastal nature include the invasion is high. Changes have been made to the hydrology, vegetation presence of Albizia adianthifolia and Strelitzia nicolaii, with Trichilia and geomorphology. Canalization and infilling are significant dregeana, Ficus natalensis and Celtis africana expected to be present. disturbances and vectors of change. Other trees species such as Syzigium cordatum and Bridelia micrantha are expected to be dominant within the riparian component.
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4.4.5.5. Riparian 4.4.5.6. Secondary grassland Woody vegetation associated with incised watercourses. The species Pure grassland habitat dominated by Aristida junciformis. In general, diversity is different to swamp forest, with trees species such as A. the forb and herbaceous component is expected to be of low diversity adianthifolia, S. nicolaii and P. reclinata common. Syzigium cordatum and poorly represented. These grasslands have established on areas is a significant species. This habitat type generally occurs in the that were formally under sugar can cultivation. These areas are southern portion of the study area, below swamp forest, where the subjected to regular burning and livestock grazing. gradient of the watercourse is steeper and valleys more incised. Figure 20: Aristida junciformis monodominance, characteristic of secondary grassland within the study area.
Figure 19: The upper section of the natural forest habitat situated within the Manzimtoti River valley.
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4.4.5.7. Swamp forest 4.4.5.8. Wetland Swamp forest was identified towards the northern and western extent Wetlands have been classified as hygrophilous habitats other than of the study area where the topography was gentle and the valleys swamp forest, i.e. graminoid dominant. Such areas are characterized flatter, broader and waterlogged. Syzigium cordatum and Voacanga by the dominance of Cyperus latifolius and Typha capensis, with other thouarsii are dominant and form dense stands. The outer edge grades hygrophilous species such as Ludwigia octovalvis, Dissotis canescens, into dense Cyperus latifolius/Cyclosorus interruptus dominated sedge Phragmites australis, Isoepis sp., Juncus lomatifolius, Leersia hexandra, land in most places. Ischaemum fasciculatum, D.princeps, Cyperus prolifer, Floscopa glomerata and Kniphofia latifolius present. Common hydrogeomorphic unit types present include unchannelled valley bottom wetlands, Figure 21: An example of swamp forest within the study area. hillslope seep wetland, valley head seep wetlands and channelled valley bottom wetlands.
Figure 22: An unchanneled valley bottom wetland dominated by T. capensis.
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Figure 23: A small valley head seep draining towards a larger system.
4.4.5.9. Fauna EWT have done a number of surveys within the “Biodiversity Agreement” zone, which incorporates a large portion of the study area. Based on point data provided by EWT for a recent “bio blitz” (2015), 13 amphibian and 23 bird species are confirmed from the study area and surrounding area. Amphibian species are also recoded within the “Biodiversity Agreement” zone.
Table 7: Amphibian species recoded within the “Biodiversity Agreement” zone.
Genus Species Common Name Red List Year Status Assessed Amietia quecketti Common River Frog Arthroleptis wahlbergii Bush Squeaker Breviceps verrucosus Plaintive Rain Frog
Cacosternum nanum Bronze Caco Hemisus guttatus Spotted Shove- NT 2017 nosed Frog Hyperolius marmoratus Painted Reed Frog Hyperolius pickersgilli Pickersgill's EN 2016 Reed Frog Leptopelis natalensis Natal Tree Frog Natalobatrac bonebergi Kloof Frog EN 2016 hus Phrynobatrac natalensis Snoring Puddle hus Frog
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Sclerophrys gutturalis Guttural Toad Ploceus capensis Cape weaver Strongylopus fasciatus Striped Stream Prinia subflava Tawny-flanked prinia Frog Pycnonotus barbatus Black-eyed bulbul Strongylopus grayii Clicking Stream Saxicola torquatus Stone chat Frog Streptopelia semitorquata Red eyed dove
Terpsiphone viridis African Paradise Of the above listed amphibian species, 1 is listed as “near threatened” flycatcher and 2 as “endangered” according the IUCN Red List (2018). Vidua macroura Pin tailed whydah Zosterops virens Cape White Eye
Table 8: Bird species recorded within the “Biodiversity Agreement” zone.
Genus Species Common Name Alcedo cristata Malachite kingfisher Ardea melanocephala Black-headed Heron Bostrychia hagedash Hadeda ibis Cecropis abyssinica Lesser striped swallow Centropus burchellii Burchell's coucal Chalcomitra amethystina Black sunbird Cisticola natalensis Croaking cisticola Colius striatus Speckled Mouse Bird Cossypha natalensis Red-capped robin chat Dicrurus adsimilis Fork tailed drongo Lanius collaris Fiscal shrike Macronyx croceus Yellow throated longclaw Merops pusillus Little bee eater Mirafra africana Rufus napped lark Onychognathus morio Red winged starling
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The majority of the species listed in table 1 and 2 are dependent on the remaining intact wetland, aquatic and terrestrial habitats within the Map 7: Habitat types, Sensitive greater Adams Mission area, including the Biodiversity Agreement area areas & Setbacks and the remainder of the study area. A more detailed faunal assessment will in all likelihood provide additional taxa and highlight the importance of the remaining habitat for other faunal groups such as invertebrates.
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4.4.6. Conservation importance The importance of conserving the remaining habitat within the greater Map 8: Settlements located on Adams Mission area is highlighted in two regional plans, incorporation environmentally sensitive areas into the municipal DMOSS and the local Biodiversity Agreement.
At a broad scale, the Kwazulu-Natal Vegetation Conservation Status layer (Jewitt and Escott 2011) classifies the prevailing vegetation types, specifically Kwazulu-Natal Coastal Belt Grassland and Voacango thouarsii Swamp Forest as “Critically Endangered”. The KZN Wildlife CBA “Irreplaceable” layer provides a more refined assessment of areas of high conservation value within the study area. These areas are closely associated with wetland and swamp forest habitat. Essentially these areas are considered to be irreplaceable.
At a municipal planning level, the incorporation of much of the wetland and swamp forest habitat into the DMOSS layer illustrates the intentions of the eThekwini Municipality to protect and conserve these areas of intact habitat.
At a site-specific level, the “Biodiversity Agreement” is a formal agreement aimed at preserving remaining wetland and swamp forest habitat through the prevention of further development within and adjacent to these systems through the implementation of a 30 m buffer setback.
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4.4.7. Summary of issues • General alien invasive plant control throughout the scheme. A Several intact and partially intact habitats were identified within the number of alien invasive plants are a considerable problem, proposed settlement plan area. Appendix A provides a plan indicating particularly within formal road reserves, adjacent to informal these identified habitats, the current Biodiversity Agreement managed roads and in open spaces. Tithonia diversifolia, Melia by EWT and the 30 m buffer that has been agreed upon within this azaderach, Lantana camara, Chromolaena odorata, area. Of the habitats identified, the following are sensitive and of Eucalyptus grandis and Senna didymobotrya are some of the conservation and biodiversity importance: more prevalent alien invasive plants identified within the • Grassland-Forest mosaic study area. • Natural forest • Wetland and swamp forest rehabilitation. Low intensity • Wetland areas (excluding areas identified as degraded management and rehabilitation activities aimed at expanding wetland) the footprint of remaining swamp forest through the • Swamp forest promotion of natural succession processes i.e. selective planting, targeted alien invasive plant removal and removal of • Riparian vegetation platforms/obstacles. The remaining habitats are secondary in nature and have been subjected to past disturbances such as cultivation or are presently • Enforcement, particularly the enforcement of buffer setbacks subjected to low intensity disturbances such as moderate levels of and the halting of illegal construction activities. exotic invasion, burning and livestock grazing, but remain • Ongoing community involvement, specifically the undeveloped. The incorporation of these areas into the settlement continuation and potential expansion of the existing scheme as part of the open space/conservation system will provide an Biodiversity Agreement.
opportunity for habitat expansion and diversification. Furthermore, it is recommended that the 30 m buffer around all habitats within the Biodiversity Agreement area be incorporated into the scheme and potentially expanded upon to include other areas in the study area situated to the north of the agreement area.
In terms of medium to long term management the following management measures must be considered and incorporated into the scheme:
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4.5. Agriculture Analysis for surrounding communities. The KZN DARD and eThekwini Agro- Ecology Programme (AEP) are both based in Umbumbulu with each This section presents the assessment undertaken on the agricultural providing a range of agricultural services, training and support. The AEP features of the project and is structured as follows: hub in Umbumbulu provides training and packing services, and acts as • Assessment method a marketing and coordination venue for growers in municipal wards • Agriculture context 96, 98 and 100. Small-scale growers are currently receiving direct • Agricultural potential and Agricultural Land use categories training, ongoing mentoring and marketing support. The Eston Sugar • Current agricultural activities Mill is located approximately 30 kilometres to the north-west of the • eThekwini Agro-Ecology Unit study area and serves as sugarcane delivery point for many smallholder • Summary of issues sugarcane growers within and around the study area
4.5.1. Assessment method The study area is situated within municipal or electoral wards 69 and 96 and is bisected by the R603. There are numerous gravel roads that The assessment method for the agricultural component consists of a allow access to the eastern and western portions of the study area. combination of secondary data collection and analysis (desktop Towards the centre of the area, there is a small formal and informal review), site visit and collection of primary data through key informant market node, taxi rank and cattle dip tank. There is a small informal interviews and photographs. market within the town of Umbumbulu for informal traders to sell
fresh produce. According to Khoza (2018), some small-scale growers Two separate site visits to the study area were conducted during within the study are assisted with access to the Municipal Fresh August and October 2018. Key stakeholders interviewed include: Produce Market at Clairwood in Durban. • Extension officers (crop and livestock production) from the
KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) Department of Agriculture and Rural Development DARD); and 4.6.1. Agricultural potential and Agricultural Land • Representatives of the eThekwini Agro-Ecology Unit. Categories Topography in the area is incisive in places and generally sloping and 4.6. Agriculture Context steep. This limits the type and extent of agricultural production that can take place and also limits plot size. Generally, households have The study area is approximately ten kilometres from Umbumbulu small home or market gardens that are fenced off to protect crops which serves as a primary agricultural service and informal market area from wandering livestock although, due to its peri-urban nature and
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limited grazing, livestock production is not common within the study area and limited to several isolated areas. Smith (2006) defines agricultural potential as a ‘measure of possible productivity per unit area and unit time, achieved through specified management inputs at farm level and is largely determined by climate, soil and terrain or land capability factors.’ Simply put, agricultural potential is a combination of land capability and climate capability/limitations. Understanding the concept of land capability and how it is constructed is, therefore, an important first step or approximation towards understanding agricultural or land potential. When planning is done at a high level – National, Provincial and Municipal – it is important to emphasise that at best, any dataset used is a first approximation and more detailed on-site assessments will need to take place. Figure 24: Cattle dip tank and typical household garden within study area
The Project Team gathered and reviewed several agricultural potential During the site visit conducted during October 2018, it was observed datasets to determine which would be most relevant to the needs of that the eastern portion of the study is higher and more incisive than the assignment. From discussions with representatives from the KZN the western portion. Settlement density appeared to be greater on the DARD, it was decided that the current Agricultural Land categories eastern than on the western portion of the study area. dataset contained all the necessary data to meet planning requirements at both Provincial and National levels and would be the best measure of agricultural potential for the purposes of this Knowing which areas to retain and protect for agricultural production assignment. Several standalone datasets were, however, also and which areas within which to allow appropriate development to investigated as during the assignment and these included: take place requires knowledge of the agricultural potential of such as areas. This is particularly relevant for this assignment which needs to • National land capability; guide and inform appropriate future development. Agricultural • Bio resource units; and potential is a composite term meaning that, at least in a South African • Grazing potential. context, it is made up of several attributes and it is important to understand these attributes for the purposes of this study.
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To assist in achieving its mandate, the Natural Resources division of the uses under defined conditions of management”. Land KZN DARD developed the Agricultural Land Categories as, “the use of capability is influenced by a multitude of factors including, land for development in both urban as well as rural areas must be flood hazard, erosion hazard, slope, soil depth, texture, viewed against the need to utilize the same land for agricultural erodibility, internal drainage, mechanical limitations. production purposes to achieve and meet food security requirements Researchers and experts in determining land capability, for the nation” (Collett and Mitchell, 2012:4). As noted by Collett and differentiate and distinguish between 8 land capability Mitchell (2012:7), the Agricultural Land Categories dataset relates to classes. Of the 8 classes, classes I to IV are suitable for and can thus be used for planning related to: cultivation and classes V to VIII are considered non-arable and suitable for grazing and/or wildlife. • All land, including demarcated State land and land under the • Bioresource Programme – A BRU is a defined area in which Ingonyama Trust Land Act that has not yet been permanently the environmental and physical conditions such as soil types, transformed (built up, mining, quarries), but excluding vegetation, climate and terrain form are sufficiently uniform national and provincial proclaimed conservation areas and to allow homogenous recommendations of land use and farm irrespective of its current zoning or position within a zoning practices to be made, to assess the magnitude of achievable scheme or related planning document; crop yields and to provide a framework in which an adaptive • Land that is currently utilized for agricultural purposes; and land management programme can be implemented. The BRUs • Land that has the potential to be used for sustainable can then be grouped into larger ecological units called agricultural production. Bioresource Groups (BRGs) based primarily on climate and vegetation; It is not within the scope of this assignment to discuss the principles of • Grazing Potential – based on the KZN rangeland condition how the complete dataset was developed – for a full discussion on this dataset that was derived through extensive vegetation reference can be made to Collett and Mitchell (2012). What is surveys over the past 30 years; important, however, is to appreciate which datasets have been used • Permanently Transformed dataset - derived from the 2009 to develop the Agricultural Land Categories dataset. These datasets are SPOT satellite imagery; and described as follows: • Protected Areas dataset – based on the National and • National land capability – National land capability data is used Provincial Protected Areas" dataset 2008, obtained from the throughout South Africa as the primary agricultural planning Department of Environmental Affairs. layer. Schoeman et al. (2002:10) defines land capability as “the extent to which land can meet the needs of one or more
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Using the combination of the abovementioned datasets, land Map 9: Agricultural Land Categories categories A – E were developed by the KZN DARD and are defined as follows: • Category A – Irreplaceable - very high potential agricultural land that should be retained exclusively for agricultural use; • Category B – Threatened - high potential agricultural land; • Category C – Primary Agricultural Land Use - moderate agricultural potential; • Category D – Secondary Agricultural Land Use - low agricultural potential; and • Category E – Mixed Land Use - limited to very low potential for agricultural production.
Importantly, agricultural potential refers to the ‘potential of the land to produce sustainably over a long period without degradation to the natural resources base which includes land under production for cultivation purposes and/or for grazing purposes. Agricultural potential is, therefore, based on the suitability of aspecific land parcel for annual cultivation, semi-permanent and permanent cropping (for example timber, pastures, sugarcane, orchards) and/or grazing (Collett and Mitchell, 2012:19).
When assessing the agricultural potential at district level, land categories A – C are considered suitable for agricultural production purposes while categories D and E are not considered high potential agricultural land and could be considered for development once more thorough and detailed planning has taken place. Waterbodies and proclaimed reserves also
Page 66 R603 (ADAMS) SETTLEMENT PLAN AND DRAFT SCHEME included in Land Categories dataset are not considered suitable for • Small plot sizes with limited room for expansion. development. Figure 25: (A) Vegetable plots, (B) sugarcane field, (C) view of larger vegetable The agricultural land categories observed with the study are shown plots within study area the following figure and only categories C, D and E were observed with the study area. Land of moderate agricultural potential, category C land, is found predominantly on the western portions of the study area while categories D and E are found on the east and area generally considered unsuitable for agricultural production.
4.6.2. Current agricultural activities A site visit was undertaken during October 2018. Commercial or semi- commercial agricultural activity is not predominant in the area due to its largely peri-urban nature, although there appears to be a presence of commercial or semi-commercial sugarcane farming is isolated pockets. Agricultural activities observed in the northern, central and southern portions are shown in figures below.
Market gardens with a variety of vegetables planted including maize, dry beans, cabbage and spinach were observed. There were several larger vegetable production plots that were well fenced and protected observed. Small banana plantations, particularly in the eastern portion of the study area were also observed.
According to Khoza (2018), vegetable production within the study is restricted by a number of factors which include: • Access to water during the dry season; • Stray livestock that damage or destroy crops and gardens; and
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4.6.3. eThekwini Agro-Ecology Unit Figure 26: Main AEP focus areas in the form of a demand pyramid The City’s (eThekwini) Agro-Ecology Programme (AEP), that forms a key part of the Community and Emergency Services Cluster, is promoting appropriate and sustainable approaches to the way in which agriculture in eThekwini is planned and implemented. The main objectives of the AEP are to: • Create sustainable projects; • Promote food security and household food production; • Combat climate change; • Empower marginalized communities’ socio-economically; • Promote land care rehabilitation and management; • Contribute to job creation; • Encourage creativity and innovation in addressing constraints; • Skills Development; The AEP are active throughout the municipality and keep a database of • Production support; individual farmers and farming groups. A summary of the farmers and • Facilitating marketing access; and groups supported within and around the study area. The total production • Youth Development. area supported via the AEP within the study is 8 Ha. It is not clear based on
the data provided and reviewed by the project team which agricultural The main focus areas of services provided by the AEP are presented in the enterprises take place on the 8 Ha within the study area. form of a demand pyramid. The AEP focuses on three (3) production objectives which can be argued represent the needs and aspirations of the small-scale growers supported: semi-commercial, socio-economic and social and each objective has its own activities 4.6.4. Kwazulu-Natal Department of Agriculture and Rural Development
A meeting was held with two extension officers from the KZN Department of Agriculture and Rural Development. Follow up meetings have been planned but no data on current agricultural activities has been forthcoming.
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Table 9: List of agricultural projects supported by AEP within and around study area
PROJECT NAME* SIZE OF LAND (HA) AREA Vukani 1 ha Folweni Mhlalantombi 1 ha Golokodo Mankentshana 3.5ha Adams Scelusizo 2ha Folweni Zizamele 1ha Folweni Sizanani 1 ha Folweni Masikhuthazane 2ha Umbumbulu Vunuluqame 2ha Umbumbulu Qondimvelo 1ha Folweni Go Khaya 1.5ha Umbumbulu Tholeni Kwaskemba 1ha Umbumbulu Tholeni emajikeni Umfumfu trade 0.5ha Umbumbulu Etholeni Njapha co-op family 2.5 Umbumbulu uMuzi wamandlaproject 1ha Umbumbulu Khanya agricultural co-op ltd 1.3 Umbumbulu Somkhanda small skills co-op 1ha Umbumbulu Ntwezezonsi 1.5ha Umbumbulu Siyazama 1ha Umbumbulu Amathuse 1.5 Adams Sophumelela 0.8ha Folweni Zimisele 0.5 Folweni Kwaskemba 1ha Umbumbulu Umfumfu 0.5ha Umbumbulu Umuzi wamandla project 1ha Umbumbulu Khanya agricultural co-op 1.3ha Umbumbulu
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Intaka farming co-operative 2ha Umbumbulu Ngxabane 3ha Adams Lethokuhle co-operative 2ha Umbumbulu Thafeni Zamokuhle 0.9ha folweni Masikhuthazane 0.15ha Umbumbulu jikala 0.41ha Umbumbulu Isibani 0.13ha Umbumbulu Bana ba metsi 0.21ha Folweni Vunulugqame 2ha Umbumbulu Source: Khoza (2018). Note: *contact details for each project are available
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Figure 28: Agricultural production activities – central portion of study area Figure 27: Agricultural production activities – northern portion of study area
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4.6.5. Summary of issues Map 10: Agricultural production activities – A number of key issues were identified during the project status quo within study area and these are summarised as follows:
• Rapid urbanisation has led to scarcity of land available to an agricultural land use for production activities; • Incisive topography, particularly on the western portion of the study area limits plot size; • Limited opportunity for many households to expand agricultural production activities; • Agricultural production potential of the area is limited with most arable land situated in the eastern portion of the study area; • Access to water during the dry season is a constraint; • Stray livestock that damage or destroy crops and gardens are a major problem.
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4.7. Transportation Analysis ROAD NO ROAD NAME RISFSA LENGTH, CLASSIFICATION km 4.7.1. Existing Road Network P 21-2 (R603) No name Class 2 6.8 P 80 (M35) Sipho Mkhize Class U3 Urban 1.3 The study area is changing from a traditional rural area to suburban Road with rapidly developing unstructured housing, schools, ad-hoc P 242 (M37) Moss Kolnik Class U3 Urban 1.3 services, and a need for improved roads and footpaths serving public Road D994 Nkanyisweni Class U4b 6.1 facilities. Road D 995 Sheleni Road Class U4b 5.2 D 1058 Reeves Rd, Class U4b 0 It is primarily served by a 6.6 km long section of KZN Route R603 which Adams L 2843 300179 Street, Class U4b 2.0 is part of Provincial Road P21-2, from Kingsburgh to Umbumbulu, and Madundube Umlaas Road, and is unnamed. This is a two-lane Class 2 ‘mobility’ road L 2725 Ezinqaleni Road Class U4b 2.0 as classified by RISFSA (Road Infrastructure Strategic Framework for South Africa), of Provincial importance, carrying through traffic used as for tourism, sugar cane haulage and abnormal loads. The RISFSA classifications of the other two-lane roads forming the Provincial and Municipal road network are shown on the table below1:
Table 10: Road Classification
1 Provincial Roads are numbered ‘P’ Main Roads, ’D’ District Roads and ‘L’ Local Roads, Metropolitan Routes are indicated by ‘M’.
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The following errors on the Ethekwini Traffic Authority (ETA) Municipal Map 11: Road Network Roads GIS are noted and need to be corrected: • P21-2 is incorrectly labelled as P212. • Sheleni Road is not shown as Provincial District Road D995. The posted speed limit on Route R603 (P21-2) is 100 km/h and on D995 Sheleni Road is 40 km/h. Speed limits on other roads are generally not posted except in the vicinity of schools where 40 km/h is generally the norm.
Few roads have paved footpaths, with the exception of Sheleni Road serving Adams Mission itself where good facilities have been provided around some public facilities. Serious roadside friction and potential conflict is observed along P21-2 and most other roads caused by lack of pedestrian footpaths, taxi bays and pedestrian crossing facilities.
A further problem is the encroachment of residential sites into the 30m wide Provincial road reserve with private driveways leading directly onto the Main Road, rather than using frontage roads. This is potentially dangerous for all road users - accessing vehicles, through traffic, and pedestrians, and is in direct conflict with the KZN Provincial Roads Act 4 of 2001 which requires that:
(1) A person may not— (a) gain access to a main road or district road except at an entrance or exit authorised by the Minister and provided for that purpose; (b) construct or otherwise use an access to an existing main road or district road without prior authorisation.
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In order to rectify this various new frontage roads will have to be on the south side in Oct 2016 5 717 veh/day. The last municipal count provided along Route R603 to give improved safe access to these at M87 / Moss Kolnik Drive in 2010 showed 2 577 veh/day on R603 on properties. This will form part of the eThekwini town planning the north side and 4 134 veh/day on the south side. A private count in proposals for the area. Nov 2015 showed the north side had increased to 4 507 veh/ day suggesting a growth rate of 10% per annum.
4.7.2. Vehicular Traffic While these are only un-related and unclassified spot counts from 2-3 years ago there is evidence of a high growth rate of 10% per annum on In terms of understanding existing vehicular travel movements within Route R603 due to rapid urbanisation which needs to be confirmed by the study area and anticipating future traffic projections, car a new traffic count programme at the M35 and M37 intersections with ownership in the area is generally very low, with high reliance on public R603. This is adequate as in indicator of future traffic growth and will transport. However new up-market housing is expanding rapidly and be confirmed by the number of new houses and school registrations. its residents are likely to have more than one car, and are likely to commute to Durban or other coastal suburbs. 4.7.3. Existing public transport infrastructure, services Traffic patterns on the main road network are focussed on the P 242 and demand (M37 Moss Kolnik Road) link to the N2 at Galleria in Amanzimtoti, and Public transport infrastructure comprises the following: the P 80 (M37 Sipho Mkhize Road) to Isipingo Rail. With a high 30 – • Sobizi Taxi Rank (informal) on east side R603 at km 17.2, 50% proportion of taxis, traffic speeds are high on these high standard located on Nkanyisweni Road, a short un-numbered gravel rural Provincial Roads, including P21-2. These roads are also used, and road linking to Sheleni Road D995. need to be crossed by children on their way to the three primary, three • Sheleni Taxi Rank (informal) on D955 at km 2.7. Site inspection senior and the Dr Nembula High School at Adams in the Study Area. during off-peak times suggest that this may no longer be in The conflict between high speed traffic and pedestrians is a serious use and possibly has been replaced by the Sobizi Taxi Rank, concern suggesting the need for extensive NMT (non-motorised which has easier access to Route R603. transport facilities) on the main arterial roads. • Several standard set-back taxi bays along R603 some with
shelters, mostly in poor condition, and without supporting
The latest traffic counts available from the KZN Department of pedestrian footpaths. Transport in 2015 and 2016 indicate that the 24-hour two-way ADT traffic volume on R603 north of M35 amounts to 6 779 veh/day, and
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• D995 Sheleni Road is well provided with several regular set- although speeds are generally low there is a need to formalise and re- back taxi bays, and many shelters at approximately 1-km engineer these roads in accordance with urban planning and design spacing on both sides of the road. standards, together with proper stormwater drainage and other • There are few public transport facilities on other roads in the engineering standards. study Area. • The demand for public transport in the Study area is therefore 4.7.5. Road Safety growing in proportion to the population growth, with high dependency on public transport for journey to work trips for A review of the eThekwini’s Road Crash Records to determine the employment in Durban. location of accident hotspots within the study area.
The term ‘road crash’ is used in this study as opposed to ‘road accident’ 4.7.4. Existing NMT services as it is a more valuable descriptor of the allocation of blame for the Only D995 Sheleni Road has reasonable provision of NMT (non- incident. motorised transport) facilities, comprising kerbed roads with paved footpaths, pedestrian crossings and signage. Traffic calming is also A detailed search of the eThekwini Traffic Crash Database has only provided in the vicinity of schools and other public facilities. These provided very indicative information because SAPS in reporting crashes were installed by KZN Department of Transport as owner of the road have been unable to identify crash locations because of the complete many years ago, and there is indication that regular maintenance in lack of standard kilometre posts along Route R603 and the other carried out under the Provincial Zibambele community maintenance Provincial Roads. This is caused by destructive vandalism of the programme. concrete posts, and their non-replacement by the KZN DoT as Owner of the road. The problem appears to be particularly prevalent in this Along Route R603 there is minimal provision for pedestrians which is area. common place for Provincial Main Roads in rural areas. With increasing urbanisation this needs to be considered by the Province as Owner of For this reason, it has regrettably not been possible to identify crash the road to provide basic safety for pedestrians walking along and ‘hot-spots’ in the Study Area, and reliance will have to be made on crossing the road. visible conflict points such as intersections, pedestrian crossing areas, lack of footpaths in areas of high pedestrian volumes, and numerous Urban style housing development along other proclaimed and un- indicators of crash potential sites where high speeds and poor visibility proclaimed roads likewise includes little provision for pedestrians, and
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may be critical. There is no street lighting on Route R603, and night- • The Study showed that the percentage of pedestrian fatalities time conditions would be especially severe. 64.2% is much higher than normal, suggesting great concern and the urgent need for remedial work in the form of A total of 3 474 crash records were examined over the period 2010 to improved pedestrian facilities. May 2018, and the findings are summarised below: • The urgent need for reinstatement of the road kilometre markers, which we have already advised to the Department of Table 11: R603 Adams study area: crash statistics from ETA records years: 2010 - 2018 Transport.
FATAL CRASHES ROAD / CASUALTIE FILE RECORD TOTAL FATAL CRASHES FATALITIES INVOLVING REAR END CRASHES INTERSECTION / S 4.7.6. Freight Movement NO CRASHES PEDESTRIANS AREA COVERED TOTAL % OF TOTAL TOTAL TOTAL % OF TOTAL TOTAL TOTAL % OF TOTAL A Macro zone - all 3 474 146 4.2% 154 120 82.2% 1 906 752 21.6% A short discussion with Paul Sessions (ETA) has indicated that the R603 is a designated freight route, with tourism potential, as follows: B Macro zone - all 495 24 4.8% 24 - 295 By year - eg 2017 • Sugar cane haulage to south coast mills C, K I/s M35 / P21-2 92 1 1.1% 1 0 0.0% 44 19 20.7% • Timber haulage to Sappi / Saiccor mill I, J By year - 2010 - 2018 16 0 0.0% 0 - 0.0% 3 eg 2017 • From Durban harbour inland, a designated alternative route D M35 Folweni I/s at 67 4 6.0% 4 0 0 Service Station / Boxer By for abnormal loads using P80 / M35. year - 2010 - 2018 P21-2 Winklespruit - 4.1% 64.2% 24.4% E 2 320 95 109 61 1 112 566 Boundary km 0 - 30 Traffic count data on Route R603 shows that on average approximately P21-2 Winklespruit - 3.3% F Boundary km 0 - 30 359 12 13 - 103 547 heavies used the road every day, being some 8.1% of total traffic. By year - eg 2017
The following conclusions have been drawn from the above investigation. • Preliminary crash data analysis indicates 146 fatal crashes in years 2010 – 2018 in the macro zone, with 154 fatalities of which 120 (82.2%) were pedestrians. 4.7.7. Road Reserve and Building Line Encroachments • In the same period there were 95 fatal crashes on P21-2 Along Route R603 (R603) Sbu Mkhize Drive km 0 – 30 (Winklespruit to Ethekwini The site inspections have confirmed that: Boundary, with 61 (64.2%) pedestrian fatalities.
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• There are numerous serious building encroachments into the 30m wide road reserve, with the proclaimed road reserve
being 15m from the road centre-line. • Numerous illegal driveways have been built serving properties close to the road.
• Additional encroachments into the 15m building line on each side outside the road reserve.
Figure 29: Provincial road reserve and building line The Provincial road dimensions Figure 30: Building Encroachment into Road reserve and building Reserve on R603 line dimensions are
indicated in the 4.7.8. Summary of issues figure below. The following is a summary of issues: • P21-2 is incorrectly labelled as P212; Recommendations • Sheleni Road is not shown as Provincial District Road D995; for internal frontage • Encroachment of residential sites into the 30m wide Provincial roads will be road reserve with private driveways leading directly onto the provided where Main Road; possible to give • Vehicular travel movements currently low with heavy reliance alternative access to on public transport but this could soon change as new up- encroaching houses, market housing is expanding rapidly and its residents are likely as input to the to have more than one car; planning process. • There are no road km posts (km 14 – 21) along P21-2 through the study Area. This inhibits on-site monitoring, and traffic crash site identification by SAPS;
• Alternative access to encroaching buildings through remote internal roads needs to be provided in terms of the Provincial Roads Act and building line policy.
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• Public transport facilities need to be identified, rationalised 4.8.2. Settlement typologies and improved where applicable in accordance with eThekwini There are different housing typologies within the study area. These interim public transport planning. include: • New footpaths and other NMT (non-motorised transport) improvements are required along P21-2 where justified by • Formal and urban housing typology pedestrian traffic, and at schools and other public buildings on • Mixed Informal and traditional housing typology other roads in accordance with eThekwini policies. • Mixed formal and traditional housing typology • Proposals are to be included for the safety of pedestrians These vary in sizes with most sites between 500m² to 1000m² and a crossing P21-2 to schools and near taxi ranks. few which are more than 1000m².
Figure 31: Housing typologies 4.8. HUMAN SETTLEMENT ANALYSIS This section will provide an analysis on the issues relating to human settlements within the study area. It will address the following: • Tenure arrangement • Settlement typologies • Challenges
4.8.1. Tenure arrangement Previous studies suggest that the three areas within the study area all have different settlement status and security of tenure. With the exception of Adams Mission, most of the local residents do not own the land but have a Permission to Occupy (PTO) since the land is under the jurisdiction of the Traditional Authority with the exception of Adams mission.
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4.8.3. Challenges growth and poverty alleviation as an input to almost all production The following are some of the challenges with regard to human including industries, agriculture, etc. settlements: The figure below depicts level of access to water within the study area. • Massive uncontrolled settlement with no accessibility; It shows that almost 62% of households have piped water inside yard, • Encroachment has occurred into the flood plain, 30% have piped water inside dwelling / institution and 5% don’t have environmentally sensitive areas and agricultural potential access to piped water. In summary, almost 92% of the households have land; access to water. Interviews with community members within the study • Plots sizes for new buildings tend to be bigger than those who area shows that majority were happy with the level of water provision are traditional as there are no minimum standards. but others complained that at times taps can go dry of water for weeks due to poor pipe maintenance. However, there is a need to address the other 5% who do not have access to water. 4.9. Bulk Infrastructure and Services Figure 32: Access to water Analysis This section will deal with the access to basic services and issues 5% No access to piped (tap) water 5% surrounding bulk infrastructure. The following will be discussed: 5% Piped water on community stand:… • Water Piped water on community stand:… • Sanitation Piped water on community stand:… • Refuse removal Piped water on community stand… • Stormwater Piped water inside yard 62%66% 30% 59% • Transnet Piped water inside dwelling 27% 32% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%
4.9.1. Water Total Ward 96 Ward 67
4.9.1.1. Access to water services Water plays a fundamental role in socio-economic development. In domestic purposes it is used for drinking, personal hygiene and other domestic purposes. Water is a fundamental driver of sustainable
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4.9.2. Existing bulk infrastructure The pipe materials for this area vary from asbestos cement, uPVC, The study area is serviced by supplying water via pumping mains from mPVC and HDPE. There is no spare capacity in the reservoirs to service Toti Water Treatment Works to Adams Mission Reservoirs 1 to 5. future development for this area. There is a proposal in place to supply Adams Mission 6 Reservoir is currently being supplied by Umbumbulu all the Adams Mission reservoirs via gravity from the Umbumbulu 12 12 Reservoir. Reservoir. The current pumping supply from Toti WTW will be utilised
Figure 33: Existing water infrastructure
Currently Adams Mission 5 and 6 Reservoir is being upgraded. The current capacity of each reservoir is detailed below.
Table 12:Total capacity of the reservoirs
Reservoir Total Capacity (KL) Storage Time (Days) Adams Mission 1 2000 2 Adams Mission 2 2000 2 Adams Mission 3 2000 2 Adams Mission 4 2000 2 Adams Mission 5 2000 2 Adams Mission 6 2000 2
The 400mm diameter mPVC main bulk line from Adams Mission 6 to Adams Mission 5 Reservoir was recently constructed in 2017 to allow for the Adams Mission system to be supplied via gravity. The pipe sizes range from 400mm diameter bulk water pipelines to 50mm diameter reticulation pipes to supply the surrounding settlements.
as a backup water supply. Upgrading the capacity of Umbumbulu 12
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Reservoir as well as the Heston Main that supplies this Reservoir will be required.
Map 12: Water Coverage
4.9.2.1. The Community Perspective There are areas where there is no current water supply and there are areas that do have water supply, but this supply is unreliable. The cause of the irregular supply can be attributed to illegal connections, damaged pipes, fittings or insufficient pipe and reservoir capacities. The vast amount of illegal connections result in losses in this area and this reduces the supply pressure as well as the quantity of water that can be stored in the reservoirs. The reservoirs were designed to have a two-day storage capacity. The absence of a dependable water supply is a deprivation of a basic service which has repercussions in terms of hygiene, cooking and to maintain a healthy household. There are no formal title deeds therefore there is no recovery of cost for this service.
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4.9.3. Sanitation 4.9.3.2. Existing bulk infrastructure The study area does not have access to waterborne sanitation. The 4.9.3.1. Access to sanitation services current method of sewerage disposal is a combination of ventilated Poor sanitation has a variety of negative impact on the society and the improved pit latrine systems, septic tanks and informal sanitation economy at large, from causing devastating diseases through systems which has been constructed by homeowners. The pit latrine contaminated drinking water and food, to associated losses in system has various shortcomings and numerous risks in terms of health productivity due to sickness or death. Sanitation therefore, plays an and hygiene. important role in economic growth and development of the study area.
The figure below illustrates the level of access to sanitation in the study area. It shows that only 22% of the households have flush toilets that The informal systems are generally unventilated pits with no wall and are connected to the sewer system and about 5% have flush toilets floor linings. In some areas, pit systems are constructed in ground connected to the septic tanks. 24% have chemical toilets, 38% use pit conditions where permeability rates are low, and this results in poor latrines and 4% use bucket toilets. The level of households connected infiltration of sewage. When residents continue to use the pit, the to flush toilets in the study area is below the national (57%), provincial extent of the problem escalates, resulting in raw effluent seeping (40.4%) and eThekwini (63.4) average. The municipality should through the pit walls, and draining into lower properties. This poses a consider improving the status to be at within acceptable average. serious health and environmental hazard. It has also been identified Figure 34: Access to sanitation that when the informal pit system reaches capacity, residents abandon it and proceed to dig another pit in close proximity to the original pit. 28% 30% 27% The ground again becomes saturated and the problem is compounded. 24%23% 25% 22% 21% 21%22% 18% 20% 16% 16% 14% 15% 10% 6% Before the various options of sewage disposal are finalised, the 5%5% 4%4%4% 5% capacity of the water infrastructure must be further scrutinized to 0% determine the viability of upgrading to waterborne sewer. The practicability of other onsite sanitation systems must also be further investigated. There are three major Wastewater Treatment Works near the study area with available capacity, namely:
Ward 67 Ward 96 Total
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Table 13:Waste water treatment works
Treat Status Demand Total Spare Distance ment (ML/da Capacit Capacity from Study Works y) y (ML/day) Area (km) (ML/da y) Kingsb Active 4 7.8 3.8 8 urgh WWT W Figure 35: Location of WWTW relative to the study area Amanz Active 22 30 8 11 imtoti 4.9.3.3. The Community Perspective WWT The community requires a safe and efficient method of sewage W disposal to uplift the existing living conditions. Some of the key factors Isiping Active 10.9 18.8 7.9 12 to be highlighted include the following:
o • The current informal pits are unsustainable. Residents are WWT forced to dig new holes when the current pit reaches capacity. • Safety is compromised. The temporary structure is unstable W and precarious. • Sewage that seeps through unlined walls poses a health risk These treatment works may be utilised to service the study area to children who engage in daily activities. although further investigations and design are required. • Sewage disposal is a basic amenity that should be prioritized. • Water borne sanitation depends on the availability of water in the area which needs upgrading.
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• There is limited space to construct these services due to Figure 36: Access to refuse removal services electricity poles, encroachment of property into the road
reserve etc. 60% 54% 53% • The land is owned by the Ingonyama Trust Board and all 52% 50% services are required to be registered. 37% 37% 37% 40% 30% 4.9.4. Refuse Removal 20% Solid waste pollution can cause health impact (air pollution), 7% 6% 10% 4% 4% environment impact (e.g. contamination of surface and ground water 1% 2% 2% 1% 2% caused by careless waste disposal) and economic impact (decline in 0% Removed by local Removed by local Communal refuse Own refuse dump No rubbish land price, etc.). Poor solid waste management can therefore have authority/private authority/private dump disposal company 1/wk company less detrimental social and economic effect to the study area and often eThekwini at large. But if well managed it can generate revenue to the Ward 67 Ward 96 Total municipality and cause economic spinoffs to the community through waste recycling activities, etc.
The figure below shows the level of access to refuse removal in the 4.9.5. Electricity study area. It shows that only 37% of the households in the study area get their refuse removed by the municipality once per week. Majority 4.9.5.1. Access to electricity services (53%) use own refuse dump. The status quo undermines the Electricity plays a significant role in the social aspect as it is used for municipality’s revenue streams attained through garbage collection lighting and cooking. Likewise, electricity is a source of power to run (refuse collection charges) and exposes the community to hazardous industries, offices and businesses in general. For instance, frequent environment conditions. electricity supply interruption can lead to significant losses to the industrial sector and absence of electricity can discourage investors from starting business in the area.
The figure below shows households with access to electricity. It shows that the study area is well serviced with electricity as close to 92.3% of the household are connected to electricity. Only about 6.5% of the
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households in the study area use candles. The availability of electricity in the study area creates an encouraging condition for investors. Close to 92.3% of the household are connected to electricity and only about 4.9.5.2. Existing bulk infrastructure 6.5% of the households use candles. The study area is serviced by electrical infrastructure. The efficiency of the service may be described as generally reliable. The map below Figure 37: Access to electricity reflects the major overhead and underground electrical systems within the study area. The electrical poles are encroaching on the road 91,3%93,5% 100,0% 92,3% reserve due to space constraints. 90,0% 80,0% 70,0% 60,0% 50,0% 40,0% 4.9.5.3. The Community Perspective 30,0% The income bracket within the study area varies from low income to 20,0% 6,5% 10,0% high income. There are no formal title deeds therefore there is no 0,0% recovery of cost for this service. The prepaid system is the preferred Electricity Gas Paraffin Candles Solar None (not a valid method of servicing the community. It provides the resident with the option) opportunity of monitoring usage and enables planning in terms of Ward 67 Ward 96 Total future usage which will inevitably result in controlled expenditure.
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4.9.6. Stormwater Map 13: Electricity Coverage 4.9.6.1. Existing bulk infrastructure There is formal stormwater infrastructure in the study area such as
culverts, drains, catch pits etc but this is only located along the R603 main road. Site drainage occurs via natural water courses and ponding of water is a frequent occurrence during rainy periods in the subsidiary roads off the R603. This infrastructure is inadequate to service the settlement. In terms of major catchments, the study area forms part of the following river catchments:
• Golokodo River • Amanzimtoti River
The 1:100 Floodline Data reflects that in isolated portions of the study area, houses have been constructed within a floodplain. This is often observed in dense peri-urban settlements and poses significant safety challenges. Residents choose floodplains as a location for settlement because of subsistence farming purposes and the close proximity to the river. Relocation of formal houses must be considered and will involve deliberation between key community role-players, councillors and the eThekwini Municipality. The income group varies in the study area from low income to high income residents that will require compensation if they are required to relocate due to the lack of formal town planning procedures that are implemented.
The process of attenuation is a practical method of discharging stormwater efficiently with the intension of delaying the peak flow.
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Potential sites for attenuation tanks will be investigated and the appears to be mostly aware of this pipeline/servitude although more assessment will include the determination of whether the site is ideally needs to be done to inform the community. Transnet monitors the located in terms of the terrain, the impact of an attenuation tank on pipeline regularly to ensure that there are no unauthorised surrounding infrastructure and the efficiency of discharge from the construction/activities within the servitude. chosen site.
Figure 38: Location of Transnet pipeline in the study area 4.9.6.2. The Community Perspective The prevailing climate within the study area is typical of the Kwa-Zulu natal coastal regions, with elevated temperatures and high levels of humidity prevailing in the summer seasons, accompanied by heavy rainfall, whilst the winter months are characterized by temperate weather with lower rainfall. The community requires additional infrastructure to protect them from severe downpours which have the ability to flood low-lying sites.
4.9.7. Transnet
4.9.7.1. Existing bulk infrastructure There is a 24-inch (approximately 610mm) diameter steel pipeline that is pumping fuel from Durban to Johannesburg that traverses from east to west in the study area. The fuel pipeline is under extreme pressure and interference or damage to this pipeline can have severe consequences (loss of life, health and environmental hazard etc). There is a three-meter servitude on either side of the pipeline. There are white pipe markers indicating the pipes location but there are sometimes structures that are built in the servitude. The community
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• There are no formal title deeds therefore there is no recovery of cost for the services. 4.9.7.2. Summary of Issues After investigating the status of existing infrastructure within the study A brief summary of the findings is provided below: area, it is generally evident that basic services are currently inadequate. In order to develop the area economically, a significant 4.9.7.2.1. Water upgrade of basic civil infrastructure must be planned and implemented. • The study area has water networks with pipelines ranging from 400mm diameter (Trunk Mains) to 50mm diameter The main challenges are: - (Reticulation). • In portions of the development, the water supply is • There are 16 958 households within the study area, 9 939 in inconsistent due to damaged pipelines, fittings, illegal Ward 67 and 7 019 in Ward 96, connections etc. • Almost 92% of the households have access to water but • The infrastructure is well maintained but the capacity of complains exist in the area of piping maintenance since at infrastructure is inadequate. times community goes without water for weeks, • There are no formal title deeds therefore there is no recovery • The level of households connected to flush toilets in the study of cost for this service. area is below the national (57%), provincial (40.4%) and • The vast amount of illegal connections result in losses in this eThekwini (63.4) average, area and this reduces the supply pressure as well as the • Majority (53%) use own refuse dump and only 37% of the quantity of water that can be stored in the reservoirs. households get their refuse removed services once per week,
• The lack of space on site for construction of services in the area 4.9.7.2.2. Sanitation • Ingonyama Trust Board has challenges in terms of registering servitudes. • The current method of wastewater disposal involves informal • There are social challenges as a result of property that is pit latrine systems, septic tanks and ventilated improved pits. interfered with which leads to community unrest. • The informal pit latrine system is unsafe. • The income group varies in the study area from low income to • Often, sewage seeps through the unlined walls and surfaces, high income residents that will require compensation if they posing a health hazard. are required to relocate.
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• There are three existing wastewater treatment works in the • A stormwater management plan must be devised with the vicinity of the study area i.e. Isipingo, Kingsburgh and following objectives: Amanzimtoti. These Treatment Works have spare capacity for • To prevent soil erosion. future development although the required capacity for this • To protect life and property from damage study area needs further investigation. • To conserve the natural environment (fauna and flora) • Before the various options of sewage disposal are finalised, • Stormwater must not be allowed to pond in close proximity to the capacity of the water infrastructure must be further existing building foundations. scrutinized to determine the viability of upgrading to • The stormwater system devised must consist of measures to waterborne sewer. The practicability of other onsite accommodate stormwater runoff within sites and road sanitation systems must also be further investigated. reserves and convey the runoff to the major stormwater • There is limited space to construct these services due to system. These measures may include gutters, conduits, electricity poles, encroachment of property into the road berms, channels, road verges etc. reserve etc. • Attenuation will be dependent on various factors including • The land is owned by the Ingonyama Trust Board and all soil conditions, topography etc. services are required to be registered. • In the steeper sections, on-site attenuation tanks will be the • There are no formal title deeds therefore there is no recovery most practical form of attenuation with outlets that discharge of cost for this service. to the pipe network. In the less steep areas infiltration measures will be the preferred form of on-site stormwater control and disposal. Depending on soil conditions, 4.9.7.2.3. Stormwater attenuation tanks may be required to supplement the • The study area does have some formal stormwater infiltration plan. In certain instances, infiltration devices may infrastructure that is localised along the R603 main road. The need to be supplemented with attenuation tanks. infrastructure located in subsidiary roads is inadequate to effectively service the community. 4.9.7.2.4. Transnet • Drainage occurs via natural water courses in the subsidiary roads. • There is a 610mm diameter steel pipeline that is pumping fuel • Ponding results in the presence of stagnant water which from Durban to Johannesburg situated in the Northern part of exposes the community to diseases. the study area.
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• The community is mostly aware of this infrastructure but When we compare the municipal status with the active sectors in the more needs to be done to inform the community with the study area, it can be deduced that, trade is also the main source of assistance of the ward councillors. employment in the study area since there are more businesses related • Transnet monitors the pipeline regularly to ensure that there to the trade industry than any other sector in the study area, hence is no unauthorised construction within the servitude. providing more employment opportunities to the populace. • The fuel pipeline is under extreme pressure and interference Figure 39: Employment by sector or damage to this pipeline can have severe consequences (loss of life, health and environmental hazard etc). 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
25% 23% 22% 4.9.7.2.5. Electrical 20% 15% 14% The electrical infrastructure can be considered to be reliable 10% and efficient. 5% 0% There are no formal title deeds therefore there is no recovery of cost for this service. The use of a prepaid system is the preferred system of choice as it allows for monitoring of usage and invariably, control of spending.
4.10.2. Employment Status of Study Area 4.10. Economic Analysis The figure below reflects the employment status of the study area. Only 18% of the available manpower is employed, 15% is unemployed, 4.10.1. Local Economy Overview 5% discouraged and 26% not active. Most of the employed are from ward 67 and unemployed from ward 96. High unemployment has 4.10.1.1. Municipal Employment by Sector serious socio-economic ramifications including engaging in illicit The figure below shows employment by sector in eThekwini activities such as robbery, theft, drug use / abuse, prostitutions, etc. Municipality. It shows that the trade sector is the main source of employment in the municipal area absorbing approximately 23% of the labour force, followed by community services 22% and manufacturing 14%.
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Figure 40: Employment status on the study area The figure below illustrates the GDP of eThekwini Municipality. The 40% 37% 36% 36% figure shows that eThekwini Municipality has experienced a steady 35% increase in its GDP from the period 2007 to 2017. The total GDP has 30% 25%26%26% almost tripled, showing an increase from 200 billion in 2007 to 450 25% 20% 18% billion by 2017. This shows that the Municipality has experienced a 20% 16% 15% 15% 15% considerable growth in its market value for its final goods and services. 15% 10% 4% 6% 5% Figure 41: GDP 5% 0% 500 000 000,00 Employed Unemployed Discouraged Employ_NA NotActive 400 000 000,00 Ward 67 Ward 96 Total 300 000 000,00 200 000 000,00 100 000 000,00 4.10.3. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) - Gross Domestic Product is a monetary measure of the market value of 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 all the final goods and services produced in a period of time, often annually or quarterly2. It gives the economic output from the Source: IHS Markit 2018 consumers’ side. It is the sum of private consumption, gross investment in the economy, government investment, government spending and net foreign trade (difference between exports and 4.10.4. GVA Broad Economic Sectors imports). While GVA gives a picture of the state of economic activity Gross Value Added (GVA) is an economic measurement used to from the producers’ side or supply side, the GDP gives the picture from calculate the productivity of an economy. The GVA here calculates the the consumers’ side or demand perspective. productivity of various sectors of eThekwini’s economy. Simply put, it is a measure of total output and income in the economy. It provides
2 https://www.google.com/search?
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the rand value for the amount of goods and services produced in an 4.10.5. Sector’s share of regional total (%) economy after deducting the cost of inputs and raw materials that Community services, manufacturing, trade and transport are sectors have gone into the production of those goods and services. that contribute hugely to the municipal’s economy. From these main sector contributors, community services are the only sector that has The GVA provides an oversight of the region’s economy. Additionally, experienced a steady increase in its percentage contribution to the it provides insight revelation into the structural composition of the municipal’s economy. Notably, agriculture, mining, electricity and economy as well as the growth rate of production. This allows us to construction contribute very little to the municipal’s economy. identify the comparative advantages for eThekwini region and the study area to determine the vulnerability (concentration) of the Apart from community services all other sectors have been stagnant economy and the overall welfare of the community. since 2014, indicating that the economy has not been doing very well to entice sector growth. The figure below shows GVA contribution. The figure shows that community services, finance, manufacturing and trade are the biggest Figure 43: Sector's Share of Regional Total (%) contributors to the total GVA of eThekwini Municipality. In 2017 community services contributed almost 90 billion to the total GVA, Agriculture Mining Manufacturing finance and manufacturing contributed almost 80 billion each and Electricity Construction Trade trade contributed slightly below 70 billion rand. Transport Finance Community Services
Figure 42: GVA - R 25,0% 20,0% 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 15,0%
100 000 000 10,0% 80 000 000 60 000 000 5,0% 40 000 000 0,0% 20 000 000 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 - Source: IHS Markit 2018
Source: IHS Markit 2018
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4.10.6. Sector Analysis in the Study Area 4.10.6.2. Trade / Retail There is no available data to determine the status of sector The trade sector entails wholesale and commission trade; retail trade; contribution to the GVA in the study area, but an effort was made repair of personal through observation and interviews to provide a snapshot on the level household goods; sale, of participation of various sectors in the study area. Therefore, this maintenance and repair of analysis presents a qualitative rather than quantitative analysis. motor vehicles and motor cycles; hotels, restaurants, bars, canteens, camping sites and other provision of 4.10.6.1. Community Services short-stay accommodation. This sector includes public administration and defence activities, activities of government, government departments and agencies; Trade is very visible in the education, public and private; health and social work; sewage and study area. The sector is refuge disposal, sanitation and similar activities; activities of dominated by taverns and membership organizations; recreational, cultural and sporting small-time tuck-shops that activities; washing and dry-cleaning of textiles and fur products, are scattered throughout hairdressing and other beauty treatment, funeral and related the study area. There are activities. also a few wholesalers / general dealers, hardware
stores and panel beaters in some pockets of the study area. Again, the Like is the status of eThekwini Municipality, community services sizes and numbers of these business are small and their contribution appear to be the main contributor to the study area’s economy may not be much to the general economy of the municipality. precisely because the area hosts a couple of government institutions
including schools, hospitals and government offices. There are also countable number of hair and beauty salons, funeral parlours, laundry 4.10.6.3. Manufacturing services and recreational sites / entities. All these businesses are of This sector is broadly defined as the physical or chemical small scale and employ between 1 – 3 people. Given their scale and transformation of materials or compounds into new products and can operation capacity, their contribution to the municipal’s economy is be classified into 10 sub-groups of which the most relevant are fuel, unnoticeable.
Page 96 R603 (ADAMS) SETTLEMENT PLAN AND DRAFT SCHEME petroleum, chemical and rubber products; metal products, machinery, telecommunications, courier activities, as well as storage and household appliances and stone/sand products. warehousing activities.
Manufacturing in the Taxi operators are the study area is notable activities predominantly brick within this sector. making and few They are the main businesses doing means of public welding that includes transport that move making burglar doors, people from their windows or gates. homes to place of The study area has experienced a considerable number of bricks faced work / interest. Taxi middle income houses that should have stimulated the brick operators have manufacturing business in the study area. The brick making established a number manufacturing businesses are still in small scale consequently making of informal taxi ranks meagre contribution to the municipal’s economy. within the study area some of which are The study area is crisscrossed by main road networks namely R603, located in spaces that M37, M35 and many other local roads that experience a large volume are hazardous to of traffic movement. Interestingly, despite the busy traffic flow and a commuters. considerable populace that own motor vehicles, not even a single Transport facilities such as taxi ranks are not in existence. Most garage or fuel filling station is located in the study area. This forces available bus stops / stands are dilapidated and needs facelift. Heavy motorists to seek such services in other areas thereby encouraging duty trucks particularly those that are in the sugarcane subsector are economic leakage. very common plying through the R603.
4.10.6.4. Transport Transport as an economic sector refers to activities concerned with land transport, railway transport, water transport, and transport via pipelines, air transport, activities of travel agencies, post and
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4.10.6.5. Finance 4.10.6.6. Construction This sector includes inter alia financial intermediation; insurance and This sector includes the site preparation, building of complete pension funding; real estate activities; renting or transport equipment; constructions or parts thereof, civil engineering, building installation, computer and related activities; research and development; legal; building completion and the renting of construction or demolition accounting; bookkeeping and auditing activities; architectural, equipment with operators. engineering and other technical activities; and business activities not The study area has experienced a steady increase of well-structured classified elsewhere. households that befit middle and upper middle-income earners. Apart The study area has negligible activities associated with this sector. from numerous There is only one internet café, an attorney’s office and Wakefield sideboards that Estate Agent both located along R603. Despite the fact that the study were erected in area hosts a considerable number of middle-income households, many strategic areas banking services are not available in the study area. Inhabitants from within the study the study area are forced to go to neighbouring areas including area, businesses Isipingo, Galleria Mall, Amanzimtoti, Folweni or Philani for financial partaking activities and related services. within the construction industry were not traced, meaning many of these businesses that had their signboards in the study area are located elsewhere (i.e. outside the study area). However, there are two major hardware stores Mzansi Hardware (located at the junction of R603 and M35) and Mthiyane & Sons Hardware Suppliers (located along M37) that sale building installation parts.
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4.10.6.7. Electricity 4.10.6.8. Agriculture This sector includes the supply of The agriculture sector incorporates establishments and activities that electricity, gas and hot water, the are primarily engaged in farming activities, but also includes production, collection and distribution of establishments focusing on commercial hunting and game propagation electricity, the manufacture of gas and and forestry, distribution of gaseous fuels through logging and mains, supply of steam and hot water, and fishing. the collection, purification and distribution There are of water. two (2) main farmers that specialize in The study area is well serviced with raring and electricity that is operated by eThekwini selling live Municipality. Other than that, there are no animals other businesses that offer products and including services within this sector. Given that the area is populated with a good cattle and number of households, businesses associated with domestic electricity goats. These and gas installation, geysers, etc., should be visible in the study area, businesses however, that is not the case. are located It appears as though the residents of the study area sought these along R603. services from service provider located in the neighbouring areas such Farmers as Amanzimtoti, Isipingo, Folweni, etc. partaking cattle herding were also visible but in a rather small scale. There are also two (2) agricultural projects namely Senzeni Agricultural Project and Adams Agricultural Project. Other agricultural practices are limited to backyard vegetable gardens whose produce is mainly for personal consumption. Extra produce if any is sold to the neighbours or other neighbouring consumers.
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4.10.6.9. Mining Figure 44: Household income This sector includes the extracting, beneficiating of minerals occurring naturally, including solids, liquids and crude petroleum and gases. It Ward 67 Ward 96 Total also includes underground and surface mines, quarries and the 3535 operation of oil and gas wells and all supplemental activities for 4 000 3338 3 500 2754 dressing and beneficiating for ores and other crude materials. 3 000 2509 2 500 2 000 1457 1508 1 500 There are no noticeable mining activities such as sand mining given the 806 707 1 000 289 immense property development and an encouraging number of rivers 500 25 21 9 / tributaries meandering within the study area. The study could not - determine the source of the current sand used for making bricks because the owners of these business were hesitant to give any information.
4.10.6.10. Household Income 4.10.7. Summary of Issues Household income is a key economic indicator as it reflects the standard of living of an area, creates demand for goods and services, • Trade is the main source of employment in the study area due and they pay tax (income tax, wealth tax, estate duty, gift tax etc.) to to the fact that there are more businesses related to the trade the state, amongst others. The below figure demonstrates the industry than any other sector, household income of the study area. It shows that approximately 344 • Community services appears to be the main contributor to the households earn more than R307 601 per year and about 2 754 study area’s economy precisely because the area hosts a households that have no source of income. couple of government institutions including schools, a clinic, and other government offices, Whilst many households have less income, there are a substantial • Trade is dominated by taverns and tuck-shops that are number of households that are earning some reasonable income that scattered throughout the study area. There are also a few can stimulate a good demand of goods and services, thereby attracting wholesalers / general dealers, hardware stores and panel interest to potential investors to initiate businesses in the areas that beaters in some pockets of the study area, can satisfy their needs.
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• Manufacturing in the study area is predominantly brick 4.11. Social Analysis making and few businesses doing welding that includes This section provides an overview of the existing social facilities within making burglar doors, windows or gates, the study area. The CSIR Guidelines prepared in 2012 was used to • Taxi is the main means of public transport, estimate the gap and existing demand for social facilities in relation to • There is a lack of taxi ranks and most available bus stops / the threshold population required for each facility. The following table stands are dilapidated, was extracted from the guidelines and provides summary of the • Apart from numerous sideboards that were erected in many requirements for social facilities: strategic areas within the study area, businesses partaking activities within the construction industry are not visible
within the study area, Table 14: CSIR Guidelines for Social Facilities • Approximately 344 households earn more than R307 601 per year and about 2 754 households that have no source of POPULATION 12 500 people (for large secondary THRESHOLD school); income.
RANGE (OPTIMAL) 2 500 people for Settlement Type H
ACCESS DISTANCE 5 km; 10 km for Settlement Type H
EDUCATION
SCHOOL SIZE School size 1 000 learners
POPULATION 24 000 - 70 000 people, largely
THRESHOLD for those not privately insured)
TH RANGE (OPTIMAL) ACCESS DISTANCE 90% of population served within HEAL 5 km*
POPULATION 10 000 - 15 000 people
THRESHOLD RANGE (OPTIMAL)
TY HALL TY ACCESS DISTANCE 15 km COMMUNI
POPULATION 8.8 ha/50 000
Y
M
ET CE THRESHOLDER (can be distributed)
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RANGE (OPTIMAL) RANGE (OPTIMAL)
ACCESS DISTANCE 15 km - 30 km ACCESS DISTANCE Varies depending on demand;
POPULATION 60 000 - 100 000 people
THRESHOLD 2 km typical maximum RANGE (OPTIMAL) ACCESS DISTANCE 8 km urban; 16 km peri-urban, 24 km rural 4.11.1. Health Facilities
POLICE STATION POLICE populations There is one municipal clinic in the study area that offers primary POPULATION 20 000 - 70 000 people healthcare facility including HIV, AIDS and TB-related treatment, care THRESHOLD and support services. The facility also has a community oriented RANGE (OPTIMAL) primary healthcare programme that monitors and proactively work
LIBRARY ACCESS DISTANCE 8 km - 10 km towards the improved health and wellbeing of families in the area.
POPULATION 10 000 - 20 000 people Residents however indicated that the facility is not well-staffed,
THRESHOLD services are slow, unfriendly staff and in some instances lack the RANGE (OPTIMAL) necessary drugs / medicine. Residents indicated that in some instances they are referred or forced to go as far as Umlazi to seek for medical POST BOXES POST ACCESS DISTANCE 5 km - 10 km attention.
POPULATION 0.56 ha per 1 000 people THRESHOLD
An additional 0.3 ha per 1 000 in 4.11.2. Education RANGE (OPTIMAL) metropolitan areas for higher-order facilities The study area has a couple of crèches’ or aftercare, two (2) senior / secondary / high / schools, three (3) junior primary schools and a ACCESS DISTANCE 3 km - 10 km local facilities SPORT FIELDS SPORT college. Whilst education is key to economic development and growth, 10 km - 50 km regional facilities the population in the study area is not well educated as most of the
POPULATION 3 000 - 6 000 people
THRESHOLD
S OF OF S
SHIP
WOR PLACE
Page 102 R603 (ADAMS) SETTLEMENT PLAN AND DRAFT SCHEME learners drop out in primary or secondary school. Efforts should be geared towards promoting education in the study area. Schools found in the study area include:
Table 15: Schools within the study area
SCHOOL NAME ISIGODI
Sawpits Primary Umbumbulu, Cele
Igugulabanguni Junior Primary Adams Mission
Saphumelela Junior Primary Folweni
Sobonakhona Secondary Umbumbulu
Nathaniel Sabelo Secondary Umbumbulu, Sawpits Figure 45: Some of the schools within Dr Nembula High Adams Mission the study area
Adams College Adams Mission
4.11.3. Police Station Security is an important component of a sustainable human settlement. South African Police Services and Metro Police are the main government service providers that provide safety and secure to residents in the study area. Unfortunately, there is no police station in the study area. The closest police station is in KwaMakhutha which is distant from the study area. For the study area to blossom socially and
economically, the residents and investors must feel safe and secure.
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Lack of a police station or post in the study area could encourage 4.11.6. Community Hall criminal activities that could be detrimental to the study areas There is one (1) community hall called Sawpits Hall in the study area economic growth and development. that is basically used for public participation meetings and other community events.
4.11.4. Sports & Recreation There is one (1) public soccer field that looks deserted and with no 4.11.7. Library proper stands and essential facilities that is located along M37. There There is one (1) library (Adams Mission Public Library) in the study. The are no public recreational facilities (parks) in the study area. There is library is equipped with books and other reading material and is well however, one private recreational facility called Isibani Fun land that is serviced with internet connections. However, the facility needs a only accessed by families with financial means. Most of the residents facelift because its Figure 46: Adams Mission Library in the study are prefer to go to the neighbouring areas such as Galleria, appearance is not Amanzimtoti or Durban entertainment and enjoyment. very attractive from the outside.
The municipality 4.11.5. Cemetery should strive to equip the library Provision of cemeteries is an important component of municipal with modern service delivery. There is currently one (1) cemetery in the study area. facilities in order to However, the cemetery is not marked and has no fence thereby encourage and allowing livestock to graze in it. Such instances expose the animals and promote the general public to serious health risks. The Municipality should education and consider enhancing its management on the cemetery by fencing and literacy among its putting in place proper management and monitoring systems. population, particularly the youth.
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4.11.8. Postal Facilities 4.11.9. Summary of Issues Currently, there is no Post Office within the vicinity of the study area. • There is only one municipal clinic in the study area that offers However, there are 2 primary healthcare facility including HIV, AIDS and TB-related post boxes which are treatment, located outside the • The study area has a couple of crèches’ or aftercare, two (2) study area but in close senior / secondary / high / schools, three (3) junior primary proximity. They are schools and a college, located along M37 and • There is no police station in the study area, Sheleni road. • There is one (1) public soccer field that looks deserted and with no proper stands and essential facilities that is located along M37, • There is one private recreational facility called Isibani Fun land,
• The cemetery is not marked and has no fence thereby allowing livestock to graze in it, • There is a community hall,
• There is a library (Adams Mission Public Library) in the study.
Figure 47: Post boxes along M37 & Sheleni road
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5. BROAD PLANNING APPROACHES Figure 48: Broad Planning Approaches
The previous phase provided an overall understanding of the existing spatial structure of the R603 (Adams) study area which consists of wide- ranging land uses which include residential, agriculture, environmentally sensitive areas, commercial, retail and public / civic facilities. The proposals made in this phase are guided by a variety of approaches which seek to create a uniform and coherent land use planning system.
The following diagram highlights some of the key planning approaches expected to guide the execution of this project.
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5.1. Integrated Development Figure 49: Integrated development cyclic process
The integrated development approach is aimed at establishing an Long term appropriate mechanism for land use management across the Development municipality whilst also creating development which is integrated in Framework terms of various levels of planning. eThekwini municipality has developed its package of plans with different scope, purpose and Built Form Integrated detail. These plans are intended to translate the strategic city policy Directives Development Plan into geographically based sustainable development initiatives integrating the various sectors of development, i.e. physical/spatial, social, economic, environmental etc, and integrating the various development components, e.g. facilities, movement, agriculture, Functional Area Municipal Spatial residential etc. Plans and Draft Development Schemes Framework
Local Area Plans
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5.2. Unique Character 5.3. Accessibility and road network This approach will ensure that a “one size fit all” perspective is not Accessibility ensures inclusivity and usability to the end user. It should adopted. The study area has unique characteristics which relate to assist in promoting a settlement where the road layout and the movement and settlement patterns, natural resources, population location of facilities are concerned with matching the circulation needs traits and economic activity. Acknowledging and building on the of end-user communities and ensuring that levels of access are existing uniqueness of the area and its community and reinforcing maximized for most people. With Figure 51: Accessibility & Road existing qualities, will Figure 50: Unique Character regards to affordability, the socio- network Approach therefore contribute approach economic conditions of beneficiaries to the identity and need to inform the operational plan of infrastructure. Good road variety, including the networks and centrality on the identification of other hand are important influences unique investments. in the provision of services and the location of facilities for wider
benefit. The focus is to also create a Priority Pedestrian Network (PPN ) and that forms the primary walking corridors across the study area. There is a need for convenient cycling routes across the study area, that mirrors that of the Priority Pedestrian Network (PPN), connecting key origins and destinations throughout the study area.
5.4. Hierarchical development
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Nodes and areas attracting larger human thresholds are further crucial • Lower order facilities should allow for location within shorter influences for locating social services, residential accommodation and and easy reach. infrastructure. Furthermore, the Figure 52: Hierarchical Development approach use of central 5.5. Multi use facilities areas and Functionality, multi-use facilities (especially at higher level / order) can nodes can play a major role in integrating functions and ensuring optimal use. facilitate the integration of functionally 5.6. Sustainable Development diverse settlements. Sustainable Development approach would ensure that the envisaged development is sustainable in terms of environmental, social,
economic and institutional. Appropriate systems in the operation and 5.7. Mixed use development management of facilities should Mixed-Use development provides an opportunity to integrate low complement impact, income generating activities with residential settlement. capital investment into physical structures. Associated with accessibility and location is the hierarchy of development. • Higher order facilities should be in places in which they can easily benefit a collection of settlements whereas
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6. DEVELOPMENT PRINCIPLES • a Municipal Planning Tribunal considering an application before it, may not be impeded or restricted in the exercise of 6.1. Spatial planning and land use its discretion solely on the ground that the value of land or management principles property is affected by the outcome of the application.
The following table highlights the spatial principles as described in Section 7 of SPLUMA: Spatial Sustainability: • promote land development that is within the fiscal, institutional and administrative means of the Republic; Spatial Justice: • ensure that spatial consideration is given to the protection of • past spatial and other development imbalances are redressed the prime and unique agricultural land; through improved access to and use of land; • uphold consistency of land use measures in accordance with • Spatial Development Frameworks and policies at all spheres environmental management instruments of government should address the inclusion of persons and • promote and stimulate the effective and equitable areas that were previously excluded, with an emphasis on functioning of land markets; informal settlements, former homeland areas and areas • consider all the current and future costs to all parties for the characterised by widespread poverty deprivation; provision of infrastructure and social services in land • spatial planning mechanisms, including land use schemes, developments; include provisions that enable redress in access to land and • promote land development in locations that are sustainable property by disadvantaged communities and persons; and limit urban sprawl; • land use management systems must include all areas of a • result in communities that are viable. municipality and specifically include provisions that are flexible and appropriate for the management of Spatial Efficiency: disadvantaged areas, informal settlements and former • land development optimises the use of existing resources and homeland areas; infrastructure; • land development procedures must include provisions that • decision-making procedures are designed to minimize accommodate negative financial, social, economic or environmental impacts; • access to secure tenure and the incremental upgrading of and development application procedures are efficient and informal areas; and streamlined and timeframes are adhered to by all parties.
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6.2. Economic principles Spatial Resilience: The following principles influence the economic development • flexibility in spatial plans, policies and land use management framework of Adams: systems is accommodated to ensure sustainable livelihoods in communities most likely to suffer the impacts of economic • Integrated Approach: This approach implies to the and environmental shocks. interrelationships between economic activities and other development dimensions such as the social and demographic Good Administration: aspects which should be carefully considered when crafting • All spheres of government ensure an integrated approach to economic interventions, land use and land development that is guided by the spatial • Agglomeration and clustering of like activities: This principle planning and land use management systems as embodied in refers to the concentration of activities in a geographic this Act; location strategically positioned to create backward and • All government department must provide sector input and forward linkages within and outside Adams. Clustering comply with any other prescribed requirements· during the activities refers to strategically placing compatible uses near preparation or amendment of Spatial Development each other to create forward and backward linkages which Frameworks; complement each other thus creating a value-added chain. • The requirements of any law relating to land development and This works best for industry specific businesses and activities. land use are met timeously; This principle is used to stimulate the local business • The preparation and amendment of spatial plans, policies, environment and allow businesses to complement one land use schemes as well as procedures for development another, applications, to include transparent processes of citizen • Linkages: This principle refers to the flow of goods and participation and all parties to have the opportunity to services with neighbouring economies as leakages and provide inputs on matters affecting them; and injections. Leakages refer to the net out flow of buying power • Policies, legislation and procedures must be clearly set out and injections refer to the net inflow of buying power. and inform and empower citizens.3 Industries which have comparative advantages in terms of potential employment creation, and inter sectoral business
3 SPLUMA 2013
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linkages need to be identified and exploited to achieve growth relating to the creation of an enabling environment include and development of the local economy of Adams, infrastructure and services, transportation network, human • Promoting SMME’s and Local Businesses: This principle resources development, skills development etc., identifies the need to involve and uplift the SMME sector • Public Private Partnership: This principle refers to sharing of through enhancing the capacity of local entrepreneurs by synergies between private and public entities. This principle establishing support measures and incentives to promote promotes partnerships between the private and public participation in order to broaden the economic base of the entities to create joint business ventures that will enhance the local economy. It also refers to promotion of existing business, economic growth and development of the study area. start-ups or external companies coming into Adams location, • Broaden Economic Base: This principle can be achieved through integration of diverse economic initiatives and 6.3. Environmental principles incorporates issues such as, introducing new activities which The following key principles are advocated: are not currently operational in the area and development of SMME’s to have a broader representation base on the size of • Development interventions that consider the settlement establishments, character of the areas; • Location of favourable locational factors and improving the • Development interventions that promote and enhance investment climate: This refers to productivity levels which environmental integrity of the areas, to protect the highly are the key determinants of rates of returns to investment, sensitive and valuable environmental resources located which in turn determine the rate of growth of an economy. within the area; Therefore, this principle refers to creating an environment • Development interventions that promote accessibility in within which businesses can operate and thrive in. It includes terms of road infrastructure, social amenities and economic reducing the establishment and operating costs of businesses, opportunities. improving infrastructure and facilitating the provision of trained labour. Other factors include increasing of business sophistication through local supplier quantity and quality as 6.4. Agricultural principles well as access to technology, The following principles are premised from a sustainable development • Enabling Environment: This principle refers to achieving point of view, which entails a balance between social, environment and optimal economic growth and sustained investment through economic elements. From an agricultural perspective the following creating an enabling environment. Examples of factors measures should be encouraged and followed:
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The following principles are to be considered for mobility and access • Preservation of critical ecosystem goods and services; roads: • Degradation of environment is minimised through: • No stops may be provided on Class 1 roads; - Prevention of overgrazing; • Stops on Class 2 roads are restricted to lay-byes downstream - Minimisation soil erosion; of intersections; - Conservation of existing water resources; • Stops on Class 3 roads are restricted to intersections, • Water/rainwater harvesting is encouraged; and preferably downstream, and should be in lay-byes; • Awareness as to the effects of climate change and community • There is no restriction on public transport stops on Class 4 and vulnerabilities needs to be created. 5 streets and lay-byes are not required.
• Public transport stops should be located within an acceptable 6.5. Transportation and Traffic Principles walking distance from generators, attractors and modal transfer facilities. The following diagram illustrates the classification of functional roads: • Walking distances to the stops should preferably be within 400 m but not more than 800 m. Public transport stops must Figure 53: Road Classification be served by an adequate network of footways. • On-street public transport stops should be located as near as possible to intersections and major accesses. Primary Distributor • At traffic signal-controlled intersections, the stops can be
Regional Distributor located either on the approach or on the far side of the District Distributor intersection, but preference should be given to the far side. When provided on approaches, the stops should be located
sufficiently far back to prevent the intersection or access being obstructed by the stop.
District Collector
Access Road
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• Whereas roads having a local access function are classified as • Hierarchical concentration along major routes: Public Class 4 - district collector roads and Class 5 - access roads.4 facilities serve different purposes and therefore the location of a public facility will depend on the specific function that it performs. One needs to evaluate what purpose and function 6.6. Social development principles the facility will serve and then decide on the best location. The following principles underpin the social framework and provision • Population growth & density: The development of a well- of social / public facilities for the residents in the study area: served, sustainable and integrated community of Adams relates to its population and density. The establishment or • Externalization: This principle considers that public facilities renovation of social facilities is triggered by demand. It will should be placed in positions of maximum exposure along make no economic sense to invest money on facilities that will major transportation routes. The exposure of these facilities not be used and as such considering the population size and enables complex patterns of facility use between different growth of Adams is important when determining the kind of neighborhoods and serves to integrate rather than isolate social facilities that should be initiated in the area. residential neighborhoods, • Access and distance: This principle is equally important when • Discontinuity: Higher-order and middle-order public facilities intending to provide social facilities. The distance of social should be located on stop-start activity streets, in order to facilities influences community use. If the facility is located far create thresholds high enough to support facilities and ensure from the community, the cost and time of travel to such that the people can gain direct and easy access to facilities. facilities may discourage consumption. It is therefore • Continuity: Soft open spaces should be linked together necessary to consider the location of social facilities in such a throughout settlement systems in order to form a continuous way that they are easily accessible. web of recreation space leading through the built environment. Public facilities can be clustered adjacent to these open spaces, which can then be accessed by defined pedestrian paths leading through the open space system. In addition, the open space can serve a dual purpose in that it can provide recreational playgrounds and sports fields for clusters of schools and the community.
4 TRH26
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7. VISION DEVELOPMENT The following diagram illustrates the vertical alignment of the municipal spatial vision with priority areas of Ethekwini’s LTDF This section presents the vision and guiding principles for the R603 (Adams) municipality and guiding spatial principles: Settlement Plan and Draft Scheme. The vision of the study area is guided by the Long-term spatial vision of eThekwini municipality which gives effect Figure 54: Ethekwini Spatial Vision to the desired future development of the municipal area. The vision of the study area finds expression within the broader Long-term spatial vision in the eThekwini Spatial Development Framework which cascades down to SPATIAL VISION the South Spatial Development Plan, Adams/Folweni LAP, Nsimbini / The envisaged SDF spatial vision is to have “by 2030 a socially equitable, Golokodo Framework Plan, Settlement Plan and Draft Scheme. The environmentally sustainable, resilient and functionally efficient Municipality that bolsters its status as a gateway to Africa and the following sub-sections will be addressed: world”. 7.1. Municipal spatial vision and principles Creating a SAFE city; eThekwini municipality has recently reviewed their long-term spatial Ensuring a more ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE city; vision during their 5-year IDP for the current administration. Promoting an ACCESSIBLE city; Furthermore, eThekwini municipality has also revised its Long-term Creating a PROSPEROUS city where all enjoy SUSTAINABLE livelihoods; Development Framework (LTDF) which is linked to the municipal vision Fostering a CARING and EMPOWERING city; and comprises of six thematic areas which are: Celebrating our CULTURAL DIVERSITY, HISTORY and HERITAGE. • Creating a SAFE city; • Ensuring a more ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE city; • Promoting an ACCESSIBLE city; • Creating a PROSPEROUS city where all enjoy SUSTAINABLE Spatial Good Sustainability Efficiency Spatial Justice livelihoods; Resilience Administration • Fostering a CARING and EMPOWERING city; • Celebrating our CULTURAL DIVERSITY, HISTORY and HERITAGE.
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Figure 55: Ethekwini SDF 2018-2019
7.2. South Spatial Development Plan vision The following are extracted from the SSDP which suggested a broad vision for the area of the South in which the study area is located: • THE METRO ROLE OF THE SOUTH It is expected that the South MPR will contribute its unique development opportunities to the overall development of the Metro. the creation of increased employment opportunities, the upgrading of informal residential development and market activities, residential densification and retention of range of affordability levels, the protection, rehabilitation and appropriate integration of the natural environment, the development of more efficient appropriate agricultural activities, the upgrading and appropriate expansion of tourism activities, in particular also the development of inland opportunities. • ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN THE SOUTH It is expected that the South MPR will generate additional economic development in the form of additional appropriate industrial, business, commercial and agricultural development as well as make more extensive and appropriate usage of its tourism potential. • POPULATION AND ACCOMMODATION It is expected that the South MPR will provide additional residential accommodation to provide adequate housing for existing backlogs and expected population growth. This is primarily expected to take place through infill and densification, with relatively little expansion into present rural areas. While it on the one hand is expected that present informal residential developments will be upgraded adequately, the
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South is expected to retain accommodation for the entire range of affordability levels. Only minor local expansion is expected of the Figure 56: South Spatial Development Plan 2014 present “urban edge”. • ACCESS, LINKAGE AND TRANSPORTATION It is expected that the future development of the South will provide improved and appropriate accessibility to all areas, that this includes both local and regional linkages contributing to the better physical integration of the South into the Metro, and that a hierarchy of access corridors creates a structuring system guiding future development while providing greater choices. • THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT OF THE SOUTH The extensive and varied natural environment of the South will become a positive and integral part of the future development of the area in that it is regarded as an important asset to be appropriately protected, rehabilitated and managed. It is regarded as a precondition for the creation of humane living environments, tourism development and further agricultural activities. • THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT IN THE SOUTH The built environment of the South MPR is expected to be substantially improved in that one the one hand private development and investment is appropriately guided and managed while more effort is placed in the development of the public realm. The improvement of the built environment is suggested to form the basis for the creation of a more humane living environment while contributing to enabling communities to take greater part in influencing their environment.
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7.4. Alignment of the vision, principles, goals/objectives, strategies and proposals 7.3. Folweni / Adams Local Area Plan vision To achieve the vision, there needs to be alignment with the development principles, goals/objectives and strategies. This will The Folweni / Adams LAP had envisioned that the area of Adams ensure that all issues raised in the previous phase are addressed whilst Mission, which is well within the study area, is growing at a rapid pace providing a framework for future development within the study area. with substantial, generally good quality housing structures. Densities This framework should also be aligned with the implementation plan within Adams Mission were estimated at 10 to 25 units per hectare. In which will indicate the proposed programmes/projects. The following areas such as Enkanyisweni and Saw pits, the LAP had encouraged diagram illustrates the proposed alignment process: densities of 1-6 units per hectare in area. The LAP envisaged that the character of each settlement will take due consideration of the Figure 57: Alignment of vision, principles, objectives, strategies & proposals environment and will enjoy access to better services and economic opportunities.
DEVELOPMEN GOALS & SPATIAL VISION STRATEGIES T PRINCIPLES OBJECTIVES PROPOSALS
Figure 58: Adams & Folweni LAP
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8. STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK 8.2. Specific Objectives 8.1. Goals The following are broad strategic objectives identified for the study area: The following are broad strategic goals identified for the study area:
• Preserve natural resources and enhance agricultural areas and environmental systems 8.2.1. Environmental objectives • Encourage development where infrastructure currently exists • Promote corridors of green along natural and roadway and balance the rate of land development with the availability corridors; of public facilities and services such as roads • Encourage preservation of historic and aesthetic character • Provide a safe, efficient transportation system that can be and function of established neighbourhoods through eco- maintained in a cost-effective manner tourism initiatives; • Promote economic growth that will provide a variety of goods, • Encourage protection and preservation of existing open services and employment opportunities spaces, ecosystems and DMOSS areas; • Ensure effective land use management • Encourage walking and riding tracks which link to all the D’MOSS areas; • Delineate 30m buffers along environmentally sensitive areas to discourage development
8.2.2. Agricultural objectives
• Retain productive agricultural lands through available mechanisms such as open space and farmland agreements, conservation easements, and zoning incentives.
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8.2.3. Economic objectives 8.2.5. Human settlement objectives • Focus commercial development in locations where compact • Guide the development of housing towards densities that and coordinated development can occur, preferably near relate to natural and manmade features. areas of existing or proposed residential development, to • Direct higher density housing to locate on land that has or is promote pedestrian travel and land conservation. planned to have the infrastructure capacity to support such • Encourage expansion of commercial opportunities in existing development. commercial corridors or nodes where infrastructure can • Promote inclusive and economically integrated support growth; neighbourhoods that allow a diverse mix of residents and • Provide reasonable opportunities for the establishment of housing types; commercial uses that meet the demonstrated market needs • Encourage protection of existing residential areas from of residents. encroachment by incompatible development and land uses; • Use locational advantage to attract higher quality • Encourage the incorporation of existing vegetation, development. topography, and other natural features into the design of new residential developments. • Guide the future development of the existing expansive and 8.2.4. Transportation objectives inefficient spatial structure towards a better, more efficient • Address the rationalisation of access to provincial road to and more cost-effective settlement structure. eliminate and replace the informal driveways with properly located and designed local access road network; 8.2.6. Infrastructure objectives • Discourage ribbon commercial development and isolated commercial uses along R603; • To ascertain the status of existing infrastructure. • Connect – identify appropriate NMT routes • To investigate the possible intervention strategies that may • Enhance – improve safety, security and quality of the NMT address infrastructure constraints within the project area. environment • To provide guidelines for the sound management of • Grow – use of NMT in support of development infrastructure to ensure optimum efficiency and a better • Sustain – to influence land-use development, reduce negative quality of life. impacts and maintain transport networks.
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• To structure a development agenda that clearly defines protecting such areas, residential areas are prohibited to sprawl freely priority phasing based on need and ultimately improves the and are therefore forced into denser settlement agglomerations. socio-economic environment. Therefore, such an approach not only protects agriculture and the • To minimize effects on the environment as a result of environment, but also helps create a more rational, cost-effective and construction and promote efficient development. manageable settlement structure. • Contribute towards improved services and appropriate management guidance for the area. • Adopting more sustainable approaches to infrastructure 8.3.2. Strategy 2: Protection of existing agricultural delivery, such as sustainable drainage systems (SuDS), potential areas rainwater harvesting, water sensitive urban design, etc. • Encouraging integration between different types of Agriculture in the study area is characterized by subsistence and infrastructure to generate efficiencies and avoid duplication. commercial farming. A limited plot size affects the maximum area • Supporting the social and economic objectives for the area in available for production and may mean that, at least, commercial terms of the development of integrated human settlements production is not viable – unless high value enterprises are pursued. It and the servicing of economic development and employment is, therefore, expected that production at a household level for own creation initiatives. consumption purposes at a high density is the predominant type of agricultural production that could take place. The development of an Agri-park could be one initiative that could be pursued for high value 8.3. Strategies enterprises within the study area. This Agri-park could also act as an substitute to the one that was located in Umbumbulu which no longer In short, one should start addressing the weaknesses of the spatial operates. structure through the planning and development of its future growth. The following strategies can be adopted to achieve this:
8.3.3. Strategy 3: Bulk Infrastructure Development 8.3.1. Strategy 1: Protection of ecologically sensitive Providing bulk infrastructure can be an important tool to achieve the areas, ecosystems and open spaces above-mentioned spatial pattern and will, in turn, result in cost savings A way to promote integration within the study area is to deliberately when developing the bulk infrastructure. protect ecologically sensitive natural open spaces. By rigorously
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All future bulk infrastructures should be developed within the rural The strategy includes short term proposals for new, and for the nodal areas because where bulk infrastructure is developed, clustered improvement of existing, public transport facilities and major roads, all development will follow. In this manner, bulk services will force future within a medium to long term planning horizon development into a more rational and desirable spatial pattern. At the • To accelerate existing transport plans and maximise existing same time, the location, implementation and functioning on the bulk transport infrastructure; services network will be rationalised. • To improve public transport services.
8.3.4. Strategy 4: Equitable Access to Economic 8.3.6. Strategy 6: Effective land use management opportunities and Social Services Land allocation and management is the prerogative of the Sobona- khona Makhanya Traditional Authority. This has been accepted The provision of economic opportunities and social facilities plays an however the implementation of effective land use management within integral role in economic growth and development. A way to promote the study area will require a collaborative effort between the economic opportunities is to provide a conducive playing ground that municipality and TA. This includes empowering the TA with the will allow businesses to flourish. This should be complemented by necessary skills and appropriate tools to deal with rapid densification provision of social services that will attract people to work and live in in the near future. the study area. Of significance is to establish the economic and social infrastructure in an integrated and clustered manner thereby creating a sustainable, 9. SPATIAL FRAMEWORK cost-effective and manageable settlement structure. The spatial framework provides the strategic direction for the provision and location of essential services and facilities within the study area. This 8.3.5. Strategy 5: Land and Transportation Integration will be the first layer of planning followed by a build-up of other development frameworks including environment, agriculture, economic, The transport infrastructure strategy will deal with the development of social, infrastructure and density. It has been established that the study all types of transport infrastructure, including major roads, public area has different settlement characteristics and different development transport facilities and potential for rail infrastructure, the need for a intensities and therefore the framework remains a broad guidance to BRT route, for the study area. address all this uniqueness.
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The study area is further characterized by difficult terrain, environmentally and standards. Reference is made to R and U for rural and urban sensitive areas and poor access. These factors will be considered carefully respectively. However, for the purposes of this report, the generic class in the provision of services and infrastructure. will apply. The table below elaborates:
From a spatial planning point of view the development framework is structured around the hierarchy of different development building blocks and structuring elements, particularly: Table 16: Road Classification • Development corridors • Number • Function • Description • Development nodes • Class 1 Mobility • Principal arterial This section will therefore address the following: • Class 2 • Major arterial • Movement and corridor framework • Class 3 • Minor • Nodal framework arterial • Class 4 Access/activity • Collector 9.1. Movement framework street • Class 5 • Local street 9.1.1. Road Hierarchy • Class 6 • Walkway
The movement framework seeks to enable the long-term development of the study area by building on the existing structuring elements and form. For the purposes of this report, the TRH 26, South African Road Classification and Access Management Manual, 2012 (RCAM) was used to define and classify the road hierarchy of the study area. According to the TRH 26 manual, there are six-class rural and urban roads in the classification system. The first three classes in the system consist of mobility roads while the second three classes are used for access/activity roads or streets. In some instances, a distinction is made between rural and urban areas. Accordingly, roads in rural and urban areas have the same functional classes but at different scales
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According to the TRH 26 manual, the following road classes exist in the The following table reveals a detailed account of the existing road network study area: in the study area including the previous land expropriations on the various Provincial Roads within study area • Class 2 - P21-2 (R603) • Class 3 – P80 (M35) • Class 3 - P242 (M37)
• Class 4b – D994 • Class 4b – D995 • Class 4b – D1058
• Class 4b – L2843 • Class 4b – L2725
Table 17: Existing road network
ROAD NO ROAD NAME RISFSA LENGTH, km ROAD BUILDING NOTES ON PREVIOUS ROAD RESERVE EXPROPRIATIONS CLASSIFICATION RESERVE LINE EACH WIDTH, m SIDE, m
P 21-2 (R603) No name Class 2 6.8 30 15 Minimum Road Reserve Width for P21-2 is 30m (15m either side of road centerline) However various Expropriations exist along P21-2 which are wider than 30m and must therefore be considered and therefore takes preference over basic minimum width.
P 80 (M35) Sipho Mkhize Class U3 Urban 1.3 30 15 - Ditto P80 - Road
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P 242 (M37) Moss Kolnik Class U3 Urban 1.3 40 20 Minimum Road Reserve Width for P242 is 40m (20m either Road side of road centerline) However various Expropriations exist along P21-2 which are wider than 30m and must therefore be considered and therefore takes preference over basic minimum width.
D994 Nkanyisweni Class U4b 6.1 20 15 Minimum Road Reserve Width for D994 is 20m (10m either Road side of road centerline)
D 995 Sheleni Road Class U4b 5.2 30 15 Minimum Road Reserve Width for D995 is 30m (15m either side of road centerline) However various Expropriations exist along P21-2 which are wider than 30m and must therefore be considered and therefore takes preference over basic minimum width.
D 1058 Reeves Rd, Class U4b 0 20 15 Adams
L 2843 300179 Street, Class U4b 2.0 20 Municipal Madundube
L 2725 Ezinqaleni Road Class U4b 2.0 20 Municipal
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According to the Guidelines for the Formulation of SDFs (2011), LEVEL DESCRIPTION
“Corridors are links between nodes, along which an increased PRIMARY P21-2 (R603) intensity of development will naturally be attracted and should be encouraged. Similar to nodes they improve access SECONDARY P80 (M35 or Sipho Mkhize road) to opportunities. Corridors should provide an appropriate & P242 (M37 or Moss Kolnik road) level of access to the opportunities along the corridor and would typically include public transport routes.” TERTIARY D994 (Nkanyisweni road) & D995 (Sheleni road) Whilst development corridors are strongly influenced by access and key roads, they can be defined as routes of highest intensity LOCAL ROADS Various frontage roads have been of activities that should be managed in a particular way. There are proposed as accesses three levels of development corridors within the study area: PEDESTRIAN WALKWAYS Various pedestrian walkways • Primary Corridor have been proposed along the main corridor (R603). • Secondary Corridor • Tertiary Corridor
The movement framework proposes the following as movement corridors:
R603 (ADAMS) SETTLEMENT PLAN AND DRAFT SCHEME
Figure 59: Movement Framework
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9.2. Nodal Framework
According to the Guidelines for the Formulation of SDFs (2011), nodes are:
“Areas where high intensity of land uses, and activities are supported and promoted. Typically, any given municipal area would accommodate a hierarchy of nodes that indicates the relative intensity of development anticipated for the various nodes, their varying sizes, and their dominant nature.”
The application of the concept nodes for the study area is such that it follows the terminology in the Folweni/Adams LAP. There
are three types of nodes proposed which can be classified as follows:
• Rural service centre (primary node) • Neighbourhood service centre (secondary node)
• Local rural service centre (Tertiary node)
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Figure 60: Nodal Framework
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9.2.1. Rural service centre • Activities related to food, clothing, furniture, anchor store, take-aways, and ATM facilities. 9.2.1.1. Adams Taxi Rank • Light industrial and manufacturing are also feasible in the The Rural Service Centre is the first level planning in the nodal primary rural service centre. framework. The Rural service centre is identified within the Adams taxi rank. Within the broader study area, the node is in a strategic position due to its accessibility through P21-2 (R603) and D994. Services and amenities provided within this node are sizeable enough to serve the entire study area. Typical services or facilities that may be included here include:
• Thusong centre • Mini Shopping centre • Multi-Purpose Centre which incorporates - - Sports facility
9.2.2. Training facility - Arts craft or market stall - Administration - Telecentre • Primary Health centre • Main Library • Police station • Firefighting service • Post Office • Taxi rank
In terms of retail the size of land suggested is 1.5ha – 3.6ha. Recommended activities that could take place include:
• Petrol filling station • Informal trade and markets (up to 50m²)8
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The following are proposed land uses within the Rural Service Centre which are depicted and referenced in the diagram below:
A1 - Taxi Rank
A2 - Commercial (Possible shopping centre comprising of supermarket, ATM facilities, medical centre, shops and ablution)
A3 - Petrol Filling Station Figure 61: Adams Node (including offices and ablutions)
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9.2.3. Neighbourhood Rural Service Centre 9.2.3.1.1. Sheleni node Neighbourhood Rural Service Centres are the second level of The first Neighbourhood Rural Service Centre is Sheleni node planning in terms of the Nodal framework. These are identified in which is located along D995 (Sheleni road, which is identified as a two areas namely Sheleni and Mpusheni. Existing level of services secondary corridor within the study area). The following are are considered so that the level of nodes consolidates with existing amenities: services that are already there. Activity points are located along • Schools the transportation route linking them with areas which may be • Library outside the study area. • College The typical facilities and services to be provided here should • Clinic include: • Shops. The area is however characterized by steep terrain and • Supermarkets topographical conditions which restrict further expansion of the • Taxi rank node. • Crèches/ preschools • Community Hall • Administration - Arts craft - Mobile stops - Telecentre - Cluster Boxes • Mini Library
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The following are proposed land uses within the first Neighbourhood Rural Service Centre which are depicted and referenced in the diagram below:
B1 – Mixed use development
B2 – Administration
B3 - Resource Centre
B4 - Training Centre
B5 - Private park
Figure 62: Sheleni Node
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9.2.3.1.2. eMphusheni The second Neighbourhood Rural Service Centre of Emphusheni
is located along P80 (M35, which has been identified as a secondary corridor within the study area). The following are existing amenities within the node:
• Schools
• Shops • Light industry • Hardware store.
The area identified for future development is outside the boundary of the study area but along the P80 (M35). This area is suitable for development and there is space available.
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Th following are proposed land uses within the second Neighbourhood Rural Service Centre which are depicted and referenced in the diagram below:
C1 – Workshops
C2 – Commercial
C3 – Bus/Taxi Bay
Figure 63: Empusheni Node
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9.2.4. Local Rural Service Centre 9.2.4.1.1. Sawpits node Local Rural Service Centres are the third level of planning for the The first Local Rural Service Centre is Sawpits node which is Nodal Framework. These are identified in two areas namely located along D994 (which is identified as a secondary corridor Sawpits and KwaNgidi. These nodes are relatively small and play a within the study area). The following are existing amenities: supporting and complementing role at the local level. These are located at intersections and would generally have potential for • School future development at a micro-level. Facilities and services • Aftercare proposed in these nodes will complement the main Rural Service • Shops Centre and Neighbourhood Centres. • Sports field
The typical facilities and services to be provided here should Th following are proposed land uses within the first Local Rural include: Service Centre which are depicted and referenced in the diagram • Mixed Uses below: • Recreation facilities D1 – Sports field (upgrading) • Accommodation • Spaza / local shops D2 – Water Splash • LED activities D3 – Indoor Sports Centre
D4 - Commercial
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Figure 64: Sawpits Node
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9.2.4.2. KwaNgidi The second Local Rural Service Centre is KwaNgidi node which is
located along P21-2 (R603, which is identified as a primary corridor within the study area). The following are existing amenities:
• Shop
Th following are proposed land uses within the first Local Rural Service Centre which are depicted and referenced in the diagram below:
E1 – Mixed use
E2 – Existing umuzi (home)
E3 – Market stalls
E4 – Public Park
Figure 65: KwaNgidi Node
Page 138 R603 (ADAMS) SETTLEMENT PLAN AND DRAFT SCHEME 10. LAND USE FRAMEWORK existing structures within these spaces should, ideally, be relocated out of the sensitive areas defined. 10.1. Environmental framework
The importance of conserving the remaining habitat within the greater Adams Mission area is highlighted in two regional plans, The principles of sustainable development must be applied and with these areas being incorporated into the eThekwini municipal community education and participation is essential in order to DMOSS planning layer and the local Endangered Wildlife Trust, illustrate the valuable and irreplaceable role that the vegetation (EWT), Biodiversity Agreement. The R603 (Adams) Settlement and wetland areas of the site currently fulfil. The wetland and area is home to five identified vegetation habitats considered to vegetation sensitive areas must be protected so that they be sensitive and of both conservation and biodiversity continue to function and provide stormwater attenuation, importance. Two of these vegetation types are described as filtration and erosion protection services, as well as habitat for “Critically Endangered” and irreplaceable. Associated with the many associated animal species. wetland areas and reedbeds of the study site, the EWT have
identified the Endangered Pickersgill’s Reed Frog, the Endangered Kloof Frog, the Near Threatened Spotted Shovelnosed Frog and An environmental impact assessment process will be required the rare and elusive Spotted Ground Thrush bird may be nesting prior to any development of the area. in the Swamp Forests of the study area.
The incorporation of much of the wetland and swamp forest habitat into the eThekwini Municipality DMOSS layer will help to protect and conserve these areas of intact habitat. In addition to this, the EWT “Biodiversity Agreement”, is a formal agreement aimed at preserving remaining wetland and swamp forest habitat through the prevention of development within and adjacent to these systems through the implementation of a 30m buffer setback. Much of the site is defined by the EKZN Wildlife as irreplaceable, and a sensitive layer incorporating all the sensitive aspects identified on site has been created to guide planning and development of the study area. The sensitive areas are “No-go” Areas, no development may take place in these spaces, and, any
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are showcased and revenue derived is utilised to invest further in protecting the environmentally sensitive areas, 10.1.1. Key Programmes promoting awareness and rehabilitation where required. The following programmes are recommended: • An ecotourism/educational node could be developed in the Adams Mission area of the site, lending itself to • General alien invasive plant control throughout the study incorporating a number of features in and around this space, area, along road reserves, adjacent to informal roads and in including the following: open spaces. These invasive plants thrive in disturbed soils; - Culturally, historically and environmentally significant thus, it is critical that these plants are managed before they forest area to the north; establish and set seed. - Culturally and historically important Adams Mission to the • Enforcement of the buffer setbacks and the halting of illegal south and all associated infrastructure; construction activities. - Amanzimtoti River to the south – potential picnic sites, • Rehabilitation and protection of environmentally sensitive ecotourism development along the river edge; and, areas, as depicted on the sensitive layer created for the - Frog land, wetlands, marshes, habitat, fauna and unique vegetation in the study area to the north and west – study area. These sensitive areas and their unique attributes ecotourism/educational potential. should become a positive and integral part of future • Ongoing community consultation and involvement, development. specifically the continuation and potential expansion of the • Wetland and swamp area rehabilitation activities aimed at existing Biodiversity Agreement. Identification and training expanding the current footprint through selective planting of environmental monitors/champions to fit in with, work and alien invasive weed eradication, inclusive of alongside the EWT people, with careful consultation with rehabilitation of areas where platforms, dwellings or the authorities in the area. structures are currently located. • Potential development and projects proposed for the area • Environmentally sensitive spaces to be fenced/demarcated to be assessed through the requisite environmental impact and adequate signage erected to inform people to not assessment regulations, which will include specialist studies encroach into these sensitive areas. being commissioned. Existing specialist studies • Programmes to educate people about the importance of the commissioned in the area should be provided as reference sensitive areas of the site and create awareness. School material for any proposed new studies. programmes, clubs, environmental groups. Guided tours, • Climate Change factors to be incorporated into the local people and employment opportunities with associated development. The eThekwini Municipality policy is that they business opportunities. These sensitive areas can provide require that developers “must keep the runoff the same”. the basis for the development of a unique ecotourism/educational hub where the features of the area Page 140 R603 (ADAMS) SETTLEMENT PLAN AND DRAFT SCHEME
The runoff prior to development must match that post development. Measures to assist in attaining this are:
- Rainwater harvesting - Permeable paving - Grass swales All existing indigenous vegetation should be retained, in particular the drainage line and wetland vegetation areas as well as all other existing vegetation. Landscaping, tree planting, riparian area and tree management and planting, stream management and waste management must all be managed with community involvement to help manage these assets and encourage sustainable development.
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Map 14: Environmental Framework
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10.2. Agriculture Framework expected to be earned which could act to develop the informal and formal food sectors. The two types of agricultural production recommended for the study area include:
• Production at a household level for own consumption 10.2.1. Key programmes purposes (High Density) The following are key programmes identified for the • Semi-commercial and commercial for sale in local informal Agricultural framework: and formal markets (Medium > High Density) • Supporting the commercialisation of existing producer The following is the types of agricultural cooperatives through: enterprises/commodities: - Facilitation of input bulk buying (aggregation) initiatives; TABLE 18: TYPES OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES/COMMODITIES - Building on work done by the AEP to link farmers to markets (informal and formal); and Production at a household level Semi-commercial and - Providing access to business education training for own consumption purposes commercial for sale in local informal and formal markets through the AEP. Poultry (meat and eggs), Poultry (meat and eggs), • Introduction of Savings and Credit Groups (SCGs) to assist vegetables (green maize, vegetables (green maize, smallholder farmers accessing capital for enterprise beans, butternut, sweet beans, butternut, sweet development; potatoes, amadumbe, potatoes, amadumbe, • Delineation and fencing of livestock grazing areas; beetroot, carrots, pumpkin, beetroot, carrots, pumpkin, • cabbage, spinach), fruit cabbage, spinach), cattle, goats, Set up of livestock grazing agreements with livestock owners (mango, litchi, banana) sheep, fruit (mango, litchi, and Traditional Authorities to protect grazing resources; and banana) • Intensification of existing semi-commercial and commercial production areas. As continuing pressure from urbanisation continues within the study, more and more agricultural land will be developed for residential purposes, so opportunities for semi-commercial or commercial agricultural development will be limited in the long- term (10 -15 years) and the area may tend towards being suited to household level production for own consumption purposes. As urbanisation continues, greater levels of off-farm income are
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Map 15: Agricultural Framework
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10.3. Economic framework
The current economic activities are mainly in the form of spaza / tuck shops and general trading that are scattered in various parts of the study area. Whilst these activities are encouraged to remain, there is a need to embrace the economic principles / concepts of integration, agglomeration & clustering that will foster strong economic development and growth of the study area.
The major economic or commercial activities / use should be concentrated in the primary and secondary nodes and lighter economic activities can be concentrated in the tertiary node to cater for the daily needs of the neighbourhood.
Tourism activities should be concentrated in Adams tourism hub. Whilst environmental areas are to be preserved, it is important to utilize these areas for economic growth and development particularly for eco/edu tourisms. Green / environmental areas should be utilized for eco / edu-tourism purposes. The tourism activities carried out in these areas should conform to the environmental norms and standards and should not interfere or degrade the environment.
There are potential opportunities for informal trading and SMMEs particularly in the primary nodes that have taxi ranks. Informal and SMME facilities should be concentrated in these strategic areas.
The R603 cuts through the study area and is in close proximity to other industrial areas. The area has potential to harbour light industrial activities that will complement existing industrial zones in the neighbourhood. An industrial area should be established to cater future growth of such economic activities. Page 145 R603 (ADAMS) SETTLEMENT PLAN AND DRAFT SCHEME
Map 16: Economic Framework
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10.4. Social facilities
Social facilities are generally provided for the community to fulfil a range of requirements for the residents and citizens, primarily in the field of supporting recreation and social functions. Social facilities, open and civic space, when properly designed and maintained can play an important local role in bringing communities together, making them resilient against harm.
People tend to live in close proximity to social facilities and as such they are pivotal prerequisites to a sustainable human settlement. Social facilities are dependent upon public support and play an important integrating function in and between communities / settlements. They should therefore deliberately be concentrated in areas where they are easily accessible.
Investment in social infrastructure is essential for the health, social wellbeing and economic prosperity of communities. It is also the cornerstone of wellbeing in a community. Social facilities play an important role in bringing people together, helping to form friendships and social support networks, and in helping communities to develop life skills and resilience. All these attributes are essential elements in the creation and maintenance of strong communities. Therefore, social facilities should be concentrated in the key nodes of the study area and close to access roads.
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Map 17: Social Facilities Framework
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10.5. Infrastructure framework
10.5.1. Wastewater infrastructure 10.5.3. Stormwater infrastructure The capacity of the existing bulk wastewater infrastructure is The study area has basic storm water infrastructure. The area has accordingly severely limited, which will constrain future relatively steep river valleys with fast flowing water courses and it development until such time as the bulk wastewater is not anticipated that flooding will be a serious problem in the infrastructure and sewer networks are upgraded and/or the area. BOD/COD loading of the WWTWs can be reduced. The utilisation New developments and the upgrading of existing settlements will of any remaining capacity will accordingly need to be prioritised need to be accompanied by adequate stormwater drainage for key social and economic development objectives in the infrastructure. This should be based on the Sustainable Drainage catchment area and the development of suitably located public Systems (SuDS) approach to reduce the rate and volume of housing projects. The effective capacity of the WWTW will need surface water runoff, to restrict surface water runoff from to be established through more detailed investigation and any development lands to pre-development rates, to manage surface spare capacity will also need to be directed to address key social water and minimise flood risk and to integrate with open space and economic objectives within the area. and recreation provision. Any future developments will be Consideration will also need to be given to the bulk wastewater required to have a Stormwater Management Plan approved by infrastructure requirements of existing settlement and future the Coastal and Drainage Section. New residential developments development within the catchment, including the provision of should also be encouraged to use rainwater harvesting, such as waterborne sewers. JoJo tanks, to minimise surface water runoff and to provide useable water for residents.
10.5.2. Water infrastructure The existing bulk water supply in the Adams study area is supplied from a number of water reservoirs. The primary supply reservoirs for the project area are the Umbumbulu 12 and KwaMakhuta Reservoirs, whilst the project area is supplied by Adams Mission 1-6 Reservoirs.
A study will be undertaken on behalf of eThekwini Municipality to plan for the upgrading of the water supply and the above- mentioned reservoirs. Page 149 R603 (ADAMS) SETTLEMENT PLAN AND DRAFT SCHEME
Map 18: Infrastructure Framework
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Community Property Associations (CPA) and Trusts held lands are part of this category 10.6. Residential framework In defining the various densities for these areas, the Rural According to the Ethekwini Rural Development Strategy (2016), Development Strategy provides the criteria areas within the municipal area are classified as follows • High density areas above 15 dwelling units per hectare, Urban Areas- This is the first level of density where the • Medium density areas of 5 – 15 dwelling units per hectare, interplay between the different land uses and supporting • Rural areas of 1-4 dwelling units per hectare and, infrastructure is intense. Whilst these areas are generally • Commercial agriculture lands of less than 4 dwelling units found within the urban edge, they serve as centres of activity
for most settlements within the defined “rural boundary” and should not be ignored as simply “not part of the rural The study area has transformed rapidly over the last decade or so strategy”. and has taken the form of a typical high-density area. The analysis on existing densities revealed that the area which has not yet fully Peri-urban areas - Following the urban centres, these areas transformed is Sawpits since there are few pockets which have are a next logical level in the context of “rural boundary” and not been developed. However, the density framework anticipates are characterized by relatively high densities of settlements. that this situation will change drastically in the foreseeable future. A lot of retail activities are accommodated within the centres The following diagram illustrates existing densities map 1 and of these areas. Most of these are under the traditional land proposed densities map 2. ownership which adds to the ambiguity of servicing these areas, an issue that this strategy hopes to address. Current infrastructure in the peri urban areas is generally not at par with the level of densities. • Existing densities (map 1) - Area marked A – Approximately 1-7 dwelling units per Rural areas - are sparsely settled and generally make good use hectare which is typically a Low-Density Area. This of subsistence agricultural activities to sustain their livelihood. area is located within Sawpits and sits between R603 Owing to the sparse settlement, these areas usually lack and D994. It is characterized by an environmental formal infrastructure and services. buffer and a few agricultural production activities.
Smallholdings- this is to a large extent privately owned farms
used for commercial productive purposes. Some of these - Area marked B – Approximately 7-15 dwelling units private farms accommodate isolated pockets of settlements, per hectare which can be regarded as a Medium accommodating farm tenants and labourers. A number of Density Area. This area is located within Sawpits and
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tucks in between R603 and D994. The area is characterized by an environmental buffer.
- Area marked C – Approximately 15 - 20 dwelling units per hectares which can be regarded as a High-density
Areas. This forms most of the study area. In some instances, dwelling units have encroached on the environmental buffer and agricultural areas.
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Map 19: Existing Settlement Densities
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Proposed densities are as follows: DENSITIES DESCRIPTIONS LEVEL OF SERVICE • High Density of 15-20 dwelling units per hectare is 15-20 du /ha • These are typically These should provide the proposed within the study area. high-density areas following services: • The “proposed houses” in red are areas where within the study area possible/ future residential development can be where development • Water borne prioritised. has already taken place sanitation • Future residential development is prohibited on the at a rapid level or • Water to each site environmental buffer. where there is a • Access to each
potential to densify. • Storm water The following table suggests the level of services for the proposed • To a large degree the measures location of these areas densities: is strongly influenced by good road network system linking such areas with neighbouring amenities. • The following services are These areas are characterized by a to be provided: buffer between environmentally • On site sanitation sensitive areas and • Individual to settlements areas. communal water • Subsistence agriculture
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Map 20: Density Framework
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The following is the consolidated Land Use Framework of the study area:
Map 21: Land Use Framework
Page 156 R603 (ADAMS) SETTLEMENT PLAN AND DRAFT SCHEME 11. SETTLEMENT PLAN LAYOUT
The Settlement Plan Layout translates theproposals made by the Land Class 2 Regional mobility routes – These roads Use Framework in terms of the identification and placement of roads, include P21-2/R603, P80 (M35) and P242 (M37). environmental, agricultural, commercial, social and residential land These roads are also classified as major arterials; uses. In essence, the Settlement Plan Layout quantifies all the land Class 3 District mobility routes – These roads include uses in terms of the number of erven in the study area (both existing D994, D995 and D1058. These roads are also classified and proposed), total area of each erf in hectares and percentage. The as minor arterials; SettlementPlan Layout also shows the D’MOSS layer in relation to the Class 4 Access/activity routes - These roads include L2843 and L2725 which are classified as collector study area as well as the environmental buffer,100 -year flood line and streets. building line. The total number of erven in the Settlement Plan Layout is 3706 from a total area of 877,7ha. This section will provide discuss the different land uses within the study area, the total area for each land use both in terms of hectares and percentage. 11.1.1.1. Road Improvements There are important roads that need to be improved which are pivotal to the road hierarchy. These include D994, D1058, L2843 11.1. Land uses and L2725. These roads are gravel and could require asphalt and tar surfacing to harden the roads to ensure designated lanes with 11.1.1. Roads and Transport proper road markings are achieved. Demarcating road reserves The total area of all roads amounts to 112,86ha which is could assist for future plans should there be a need to widen the approximately 12,86% of the total area of the study area. The roads. However, the widening of the road could be a phased following road hierarchy was identified by the Land Use approach owing to financial constraints and further investigations Framework which the Settlement Plan Layout has taken into that might be required. cognisance:
11.1.1.2. Sidewalks and Bicycle Lanes These can be classified as Class 6 access/activity routes which make provision for pedestrian walkways and bicycle lanes. Walkways provide a critical component for pedestrian movement and safety. The proposed width of the sidewalks shall not exceed
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3m. This will allow the introduction of cycleable footpaths where 11.1.1.7. Street Lights cyclists and pedestrians share the foot paths. In some instances, Appropriately designed street lights are suggested along the paving is to be done on both sides of the road provided there is roads, paths and public spaces. This will contribute towards safety space marked with signage. in the centre. Such appropriate design should consider what the municipality uses in the neighbourhood as well as appropriate
themes.
11.1.1.3. Traffic Calming Traffic calming techniques such as Traffic circle, speed humps and other forms of speed reduction measures should be considered 11.1.1.8. Signage mainly on minor arterials and access routes to enhance the safety Appropriate signage contributes towards the management and of pedestrians and cyclists. Pedestrian crossing shall be clearly aesthetic of the area. The contrast is equally true in that marked to ensure that traffic slows down when approaching these unregulated signage can lead to filth and confusion. There are markings on the road. locally erected signage and those erected by the municipality in different parts of Adams.
11.1.1.4. Public Transport Appropriate bus/taxi shelters should be provided in strategic 11.1.2. Residential locations along main roads. The total area of the residential components is 370,32ha which is approximately 42,19% of the study area. The total number of erven (including areas reserved for residential purposes) amounts to 3482. This confirms that the study predominant land use in the 11.1.1.5. Stormwater Drainage study area is residential. The study area has seen a rapid Stormwater drainage will be required as roads are hardened to transformation from sparsely populated settlements to a highly deal with surface runoff. dense area. As such, this transformation requires the planning of residential uses in an orderly manner as well as the provision of a range of high order services. Densities that are proposed for the 11.1.1.6. Street Furniture study area are between 15-20 dwelling units per hectare. The Appropriate street furniture especially in the park and bus and taxi following table illustrates the proposed densities, minimum erf ranks can enhance the use of these facilities. size and level services required proposed in the Settlement layout:
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There is only 1 existing land use DESCRIPTIONS DENSITIES MINIMUM LEVEL OF SERVICE (Clinic) that falls within this zone. The ERF SIZE • The whole study area is 15-20 du /ha 500m² Whilst these areas remain, to a large total area of 1,97ha which is developing at a rapid pace. In extent, under Ingonyama Trust, approximately 5,06% of the study some instances, dwelling units development and provision of services area. have encroached on the should nonetheless follow fully serviced environmental buffer and high density sites. agricultural areas. These should provide the following • To a large degree the location of services: 11.1.6. Civic and Social • Water borne sanitation these areas is strongly influenced facilities by good road network system • Water to each site linking such areas with • Access to each Civic and Social facilities amount to neighboring amenities. • Storm water measures 16 erven (both existing and proposed Table 19: Density guidelines land uses), occupying a total area of 6,72ha which is approximately 0,77% of the study area.
11.1.3. Mixed use Mixed use comprises of 73 erven (both existing and proposed land 11.1.7. Business uses), occupying a total area of 12,92ha which is approximately There are various business uses within the study area which 1,47% of the study area. This zone accommodates various land amount to 25 erven (both existing and proposed land uses), with uses such as shops, service/light industry, residential a total area of 7,42ha which is approximately 0,85% of the study accommodation etc. area.
11.1.4. Education 11.1.8. Fueling and service station Education encompasses 14 erven (both existing and proposed There is 1 proposed land use for a petrol filling station which falls land uses), occupying a total area of 44,5ha which is within the fuelling and service station. This has a total area of approximately 5,06% of the study area. 0,23ha and approximately 0,03% of the study area.
11.1.9. Light industry 11.1.5. Institution There is only 1 Light industry use which is 1,69ha amounting to 0,19% of the study area. Page 159 R603 (ADAMS) SETTLEMENT PLAN AND DRAFT SCHEME
11.1.10. Services and utilities 11.1.11. Public open space There are 2 land uses within the services and utilities component, There are 37 areas which fall within the public open space which occupying a total area of 113,11ha which is approximately 12,89% is 42,05ha which is approximately 4,8% of the study area. of the study area.
12. LAND USE SCHEME 12.1. Contents of the Scheme The R603 (Adams) Draft Land Use Scheme will form part and parcel of the broader eThekwini South Region Scheme which was reviewed and finalised in 2018. The proposed content is therefore some of the elements which are documented in the South Region Scheme. The structure of the R603 Adams Land Use Scheme is proposed as follows:
• Section 1- Introduction to the scheme • Section 2: Definition of Terminology
• Section 3: Building Procedures • Section 4: Use and Development of Land • Section 5: Land Use Zones, Land Uses and Controls
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Figure 66: Settlement Plan
Page 161 R603 (ADAMS) SETTLEMENT PLAN AND DRAFT SCHEME 12.2. Land Use Zones The R603 (Adams) Land Use Scheme comprises of ten (10) land use zones. These zones are based on the proposed Land Use Framework and Settlement Plan Layout. The following table provides a list of the land use zones and broad statement of intent of each zone within the scheme:
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Figure 67: Scheme map
Page 163 KEY ZONINGS SCHEME INTENTION RESIDENTIAL This zone is designated for residential and other compatible land uses. It is aimed at protecting the quality, character and nature of use of the residential environment and well-being of residents within the study area under the management of Sobonakhona-Makhanya Traditional Council and Ingonyama Trust Board.
MIXED USE This zone aims to promote land or buildings for low impact mix of business, industrial activities and services and may be an interface to low impact industrial areas or as independent entities
EDUCATION This zone will be used to reserve land, which allows for the development of all educational facilities and associated buildings and recreational facilities. It is intended to ensure that the area is provided with adequate range of educational facilities in appropriate and accessible locations, which are convenient to all users. This includes pre-primary, primary, secondary and tertiary educational facilities including adult education and training centres for the local and broader community. INSTITUTION This zone provides for the full range of public and private hospital, medical centres, clinics and community care. It is intended to ensure that the health and social services requirements and facilities are located in convenient locations, which are conveniently accessible to all people.
CIVIC AND SOCIAL This zone is intended to provide and reserve land and buildings to be used for Place of worship including church, chapel, oratory, synagogue, mosque, temple, Sunday school, and other places of public devotion; administrative or government buildings including education, health, pension offices, museums, libraries, community halls, prisons, juvenile facilities, cemeteries and crematoria. BUSINESS This zone promotes a range of complementary land uses for commercial, business, services, industrial, administrative and residential opportunities, which include informal trading in a single zone to enable a special mixture of development to occur. It seeks to create a balance between the natural and built environment through landscaping and areas of green space. It encourages, where appropriate the use of detailed urban design criteria to achieve specific urban environments R603 (ADAMS) SETTLEMENT PLAN AND DRAFT SCHEME
and mix of uses. Some land use activities, such as shops that are run from a container, can be approved through a special consent and should be a temporary use. Commercial activities, such as corner shops within township areas can be zoned ‘limited commercial’ and should be controlled through appropriate height and coverage controls to ensure that the amenity of the neighbourhood is not affected. FUELLING AND SERVICE A zone intended to provide for the use of a petrol filling station with STATION complimentary uses such as a convenient shop, workshop/spares outlet and car wash.
LIGHT INDUSTRY This zone will be used to designate and manage a range of light and industrial uses that have limited impact such as warehouses, limited manufacturing and repairs. This zone will specifically be used to create opportunities for SMMEs in centres located within residential neighbourhoods. PUBLIC OPEN SPACE This zone is intended to accommodate any open space which is public and privately owned for passive recreational purposes that is used and enjoyed by the general public and may include ancillary facilities or buildings. Its aim is to set aside areas of land for the provision of parks, botanical gardens and other open spaces as well as corridor linkages between open areas for the passive recreational purposes. GOVERNMENT AND MUNICIPAL This zone provides for municipal institutions and public facilities related to infrastructure and services and include prisons and juvenile facilities. Its primary aim is to ensure that public institutional and administrative services including government services and administrative offices are located in an accessible location along or near a main transportation route. Table 20 Color notation
Page 165 R603 (ADAMS) SETTLEMENT PLAN AND DRAFT SCHEME 12.3. Land use schedule
AREA HECTARES X Y BLOCK NO.: LAND USE.: 12 Existing Households, 1Proposed Household, 16 Mixed Use, 1Proposed 50774,67 5,077467141 -21389 -3319424,196 1 Business, 1 Proposed Indoor Sport Center 11135,46 1,113545774 -20619,1 -3319471,544 10 8 Existing Households and 2 Propose Households 14092 1,409199659 -19392,2 -3320842,463 100 6 Existing Households and 5 Proposed Households 2014,768 0,201476846 -19558,5 -3320834,276 101 1 Existing Households and 1 Proposed Households 8166,436 0,816643572 -19531,9 -3321059,497 102 2 Existing Households 8166,436 0,816643572 -19531,9 -3321059,497 103 4 Existing Households and 1 Proposed Household 1079,935 0,107993502 -19479,2 -3321182,624 104 1 Existing Households 11236,43 1,123643126 -19613,5 -3321083,814 105 4 Existing Households, 2 Proposed Households and 1 Proposed Business 1628,247 0,162824692 -19713,5 -3321042,95 106 2 Existing Households 3853,451 0,385345082 -19741 -3321062,4 107 3 Existing Households 15537,09 1,553709159 -19766,7 -3321033,216 108 13 Existing Households and 9 Proposed Households 9764 0,97639997 -19692 -3320905,728 109 8 Existing Households and 3 Proposed Households 23 Existing Households, 10 Proposed Households and 1 Proposed 45861,57 4,586156936 -20695,7 -3319430,848 11 Business 11845,74 1,184574052 -19636 -3320846,945 110 5 Existing Households and 13 Proposed Households 19336,36 1,93363639 -19846,7 -3320924,643 111 9 Existing Households and 5 Proposed Households 46113,19 4,611318905 -20011,5 -3320830,784 112 10 Existing Households and 10 Proposed Households 3363,967 0,336396728 -20136 -3320688,037 113 2 Existing Households 3560,198 0,356019843 -19756,3 -3320715,698 114 3 Existing Households 7555,813 0,755581344 -19966,1 -3321376,255 115 4 Existing Households and 2 Propose Households 1496,532 0,149653221 -19926,4 -3321306,839 116 1 Existing Household 12879,61 1,287960592 -19794,5 -3321306,037 117 7 Existing Households and 5 Proposed Households 11664,28 1,166427514 -19738,1 -3321250,475 118 9 Existing Households 3360,753 0,33607526 -19621,8 -3321342,69 119 4 Existing Households 7922,347 0,792234695 -21036,2 -3319441,356 12 4 Existing Households and 1 Household 19493,34 1,949333659 -19466,3 -3321311,422 120 17 Existing Households and 4 Proposed Households 1030,901 0,103090064 -19286,8 -3321235,465 121 1 Existing Households 10598,91 1,059890506 -19286,6 -3321182,497 122 7 Existing Households Page 166 R603 (ADAMS) SETTLEMENT PLAN AND DRAFT SCHEME
AREA HECTARES X Y BLOCK NO.: LAND USE.: 56772,69 5,67726929 -19618,6 -3321480,347 123 34 Existing Households, 9 Proposed Households and 1 Proposed Creche 12434,26 1,243425612 -19759,8 -3321364,056 124 7 Existing Households and 2 Proposed Households 3260,445 0,326044525 -19982,8 -3321418,973 125 2 Existing Households and 1 Proposed Households 1368,609 0,136860895 -19876,1 -3321411,6 126 1 Existing Households and 1 Proposed Households 5521,566 0,552156571 -19854,4 -3321469,927 127 5 Existing Households and 3 Proposed Households 946,3052 0,094630523 -19867,3 -3321562,28 128 1 Existing Households 7233,098 0,723309806 -19785,8 -3321430,1 129 5 Existing Households and 5 Proposed Households 1 Existing Households, 4 Proposed Households, 1 Proposed Cricket Field, 18218,8 1,821879615 -21244,7 -3319439,43 13 1 Proposed Basketball Field and 1 Proposed Water Splash Pool 4815,319 0,481531928 -19673,8 -3321599,54 130 6 Existing Households 17937,08 1,793707619 -19445,9 -3321553,858 131 19 Existing Households and 1 Proposed Households 3365,16 0,336515991 -19320,4 -3321481,615 132 3 Existing Households and 2 Proposed Households 23398,46 2,339846042 -19462,9 -3321672,773 133 23 Existing Households and 4 Proposed Households 3923,354 0,392335363 -19403,4 -3321777,755 134 3 Existing Households and 1 Proposed Households 7824,253 0,782425291 -19429,4 -3321919,564 135 3 Existing Households and 2 Proposed Households 21210,33 2,121033019 -19426,9 -3321720,407 136 13 Existing Households and 4 Proposed Households 7915,402 0,791540175 -19703,3 -3321728,683 137 5 Existing Households 4726,813 0,47268128 -19592,7 -3321737,016 138 2 Existing Households 2908,366 0,290836604 -19152,9 -3322262,165 139 1 Existing Households 4445,505 0,444550546 -21058,6 -3319554,454 14 1 Existing Households and 4 Proposed Households 8274,157 0,827415701 -18204,5 -3323356,772 140 1 Existing Household and 2 Proposed Households 12451,29 1,245129019 -18274 -3323336,006 141 3 Existing Households and 7 Proposed Households 22161,25 2,216124522 -18343,8 -3323407,617 142 1 Existing Household and 14 Proposed Households 3242,787 0,324278717 -18290,9 -3323130,964 143 2 Existing Households and 1 Proposed Household 16951,15 1,695114607 -18394,9 -3323144,449 144 5 Existing Households and 2 Proposed Households 17373,82 1,737381968 -18584 -3322928,249 145 10 Existing Households and 1 Proposed Household 4818,037 0,481803742 -18584,7 -3323210,679 146 1 Existing Household 29401,44 2,940144347 -18622,4 -3323078,847 147 7 Existing Households, 5 Proposed Households and 1 Existing Reservoir 4440,842 0,444084162 -18696,5 -3322842,653 148 4 Existing Households 1231,484 0,123148377 -18703,4 -3322922,873 149 1 Existing Household Page 167 R603 (ADAMS) SETTLEMENT PLAN AND DRAFT SCHEME
AREA HECTARES X Y BLOCK NO.: LAND USE.: 37317,98 3,731797971 -20508,1 -3319603,397 15 11 Existing Households and 18 Proposed Households 3621,705 0,362170522 -18980,3 -3322696,483 150 3 Existing Households 10892,37 1,089236757 -18986,1 -3322590,095 150 8 Existing Households and 1 Proposed Household 11227,19 1,1227191 -18925,5 -3322557,078 151 4 Existing Households and 4 Proposed Households 22432,11 2,243210648 -18744 -3322496,2 152 17 Existing Households and 3 Proposed Households 7147,615 0,714761523 -18655,2 -3322803,173 153 2 Existing Households and 2 Proposed Households 6419,531 0,641953073 -18653,7 -3322754,638 154 5 Existing Households and 1 Proposed Households 9870,878 0,987087767 -18701,1 -3322746,717 155 10 Existing Households and 5 Proposed Households 16001,04 1,60010441 -18673,3 -3322494,224 156 13 Existing Households and 9 Proposed Households 14025,51 1,402550532 -18927,4 -3322480,576 157 8 Existing Households and 1 Proposed Households 22291,1 2,229109723 -18970,5 -3322459,205 158 9 Existing Households and 8 Proposed Households 20273,51 2,027351135 -18580 -3322747,105 159 18 Existing Households and 2 Propose Households 1117,851 0,111785077 -20950,9 -3319600,863 16 1 Existing Household 17902,23 1,790222507 -18371,2 -3322887,765 160 15 Existing Households and 5 Proposed Households 17403,99 1,740399088 -18194 -3323052,522 161 10 Existing Households and 4 Proposed Households 62681,05 6,268105071 -18161,3 -3322916,585 162 36 Existing Households and 2 Proposed Households 13 Existing Households, 10 Proposed Households and 1 Proposed 23271,87 2,327187279 -18381,1 -3322752,881 163 Business 36281,4 3,628140273 -18432,6 -3322598,041 164 23 Existing Households and 3 Proposed Households 14488,42 1,448842386 -18516,5 -3322596,898 165 15 Existing Households and 1 Proposed Household 47009,57 4,700956781 -18691 -3322403,225 166 21 Existing Households and 6 Proposed Households 31651,62 3,165162281 -18803,6 -3322214,794 167 16 Existing Households and 16 Proposed Households 4569,344 0,45693443 -18694 -3322213,014 168 3 Existing Households and 1 Proposed Household 64316,5 6,431649569 -18663,7 -3322185,177 169 38 Existing Households and 1 Proposed Households 4742,168 0,474216821 -21135,9 -3319709,262 17 2 Existing Households and 1 Proposed Households 33884,6 3,38846031 -18917,6 -3322106,629 170 20 Existing Households and 13 Proposed Households 2166,64 0,216663992 -19075 -3321989,483 171 1 Existing Household and 1 Proposed Household 6799,313 0,679931257 -19256 -3321784,067 172 2 Existing Households and 5 Proposed Households 7548,628 0,754862756 -19362,9 -3321869,274 173 7 Existing Households 13893,6 1,389359727 -19154 -3321802,342 174 13 Existing Households and 2 Proposed Households Page 168 R603 (ADAMS) SETTLEMENT PLAN AND DRAFT SCHEME
AREA HECTARES X Y BLOCK NO.: LAND USE.: 9632,218 0,963221782 -19103,9 -3321858,378 175 8 Existing Households and 1 Proposed Household 5435,249 0,543524925 -19170,6 -3321978,053 176 2 Existing Households and 1 Proposed Household 2683,148 0,268314756 -18947,6 -3321973,007 177 3 Existing Households 23045,14 2,304513606 -18947,7 -3321756,797 178 13 Existing Households and 3 Proposed Households 1974,667 0,197466655 -19122 -3321747,446 179 2 Existing Households 57311,79 5,731179365 -21294,4 -3319527,752 18 5 Existing Households and 4 Propose Households 7016,349 0,701634906 -19136,2 -3321696,449 180 7 Existing Households 20844,2 2,084420017 -19076,7 -3321516,877 181 14 Existing Households and 3 Proposed Households 9799,77 0,979976966 -19147 -3321517,041 182 11 Existing Households 10168,73 1,016872909 -19224,3 -3321546,44 183 8 Existing Households 10293,57 1,029356777 -19226,7 -3321491,912 184 8 Existing Households and 4 Proposed Households 17813,42 1,781342234 -18965,2 -3321790,855 185 15 Existing Households and 7 Proposed Households 47270,04 4,727003776 -19166,6 -3321090,822 186 31 Existing Households, 5 Proposed Households and 1 Existing Worship 17437,6 1,743759609 -18936,5 -3321473,67 187 16 Existing Households and 2 Proposed Households 15331,32 1,533132116 -18814,9 -3321717,257 188 16 Existing Households and 1 Proposed Household 9067,687 0,90676869 -18696,1 -3321634,781 189 8 Existing Households 10 Existing Households, 3 Proposed Households, and 1 Existing Sport- 57311,79 5,731179365 -21294,4 -3319527,752 19 Field 19705,03 1,970502618 -18837,3 -3321623,829 190 13 Existing Households and 3 Proposed Households 3072,04 0,307203967 -18749,9 -3321521 191 3 Existing Households 13682,59 1,368259198 -18852,4 -3321454,281 192 10 Existing Households and 1 Proposed Household 22459,7 2,245970402 -18836,2 -3321366,901 193 10 Existing Households and 3 Proposed Households 29914,02 2,991402097 -18981,5 -3321281,302 194 23 Existing Households 27336,55 2,733654508 -19112,3 -3321016,339 195 24 Existing Households and 1 Proposed Taxi-Rank 1291,937 0,129193735 -20439,5 -3319212,04 196 1 Existing Household 4 Proposed Mixed Use, 1 Proposed Bus-Taxi Bay, 1 Proposed Business, 1 34904,6 3,490460479 -19994,4 -3319030,188 197 Proposed Light Industry 13585,38 1,358538244 -19878,1 -3319274,916 198 6 Existing Households, 3 Proposed Households, and 1 Existing Worship 1002,489 0,100248893 -20149,7 -3319204,238 199 1 Existing Households 12911,82 1,291182137 -20650,7 -3319239,496 2 1 Existing Household and 4 Proposed Households
Page 169 R603 (ADAMS) SETTLEMENT PLAN AND DRAFT SCHEME
AREA HECTARES X Y BLOCK NO.: LAND USE.: 15165,64 1,51656425 -21215 -3319976,348 20 9 Existing Households and 1 Proposed Household 2198,548 0,219854795 -20041,9 -3319237,657 200 2 Existing Households and 2 Proposed Households 19802,17 1,98021739 -19850,8 -3319340,964 201 15 Existing Households 11657,42 1,165742414 -20040 -3319367,391 202 1 Existing Livestock Business 25 Existing Households, 11 Proposed Households, 9 Proposed Mixed Use, 61265,86 6,126585764 -19646,1 -3319324,565 203 1 Secondary School, and 1 Sportfield 10019,66 1,001965811 -19260,3 -3319342,956 204 10 Existing Households and 6 Proposed Households 30323,35 3,032334823 -19573,7 -3319437,477 205 16 Existing Households and 7 Proposed Households 968,4419 0,096844189 -19175,3 -3319425,061 206 1 Existing Household 12103,57 1,210356558 -19092,7 -3319461,001 207 13 Existing Households and 2 Proposed Households 1690,177 0,169017717 -18983,5 -3319642,509 208 2 Existing Households 790,7687 0,079076873 -19057,6 -3319649,254 209 1 Existing Household 6576,733 0,657673333 -21137,8 -3320000,509 21 4 Existing Households and 1 Proposed Household 594,7176 0,059471765 -19134,2 -3319601,109 210 1 Existing Household 1294,182 0,129418214 -19174,1 -3319577,792 211 1 Existing Household 13684,98 1,368498197 -19318,5 -3319670,174 212 18 Existing Households and 1 Proposed Households 1105,758 0,110575773 -19172,6 -3319483,604 212 1 Existing Household 2847,735 0,284773469 -19383,2 -3319676,461 213 4 Existing Households and 1 Proposed Household 4433,553 0,443355265 -19379,6 -3319702,805 214 4 Existing Households 1706,75 0,170675006 -19418,7 -3319778,274 215 1 Existing Household 3671,224 0,367122436 -19480,5 -3319640,074 216 5 Proposed Households 4412,869 0,441286915 -19532,6 -3319683,194 217 3 Existing Households and 1 Proposed Household 8925,265 0,892526541 -19663,7 -3319621,745 218 1 Existing Household and 1 Proposed Community Facility 19575,46 1,95754575 -19510,6 -3319751,393 219 17 Existing Households and 2 Proposed Households 9478,808 0,947880757 -21204,3 -3320100,216 22 3 Existing Households and 1 Existing Worship 11358,54 1,13585361 -19390,8 -3319865,634 220 9 Existing Households 3164,513 0,316451345 -19284,7 -3319879,103 221 2 Existing Households 4012,975 0,401297482 -19242,2 -3319905,153 222 4 Existing Households 12309,47 1,230947062 -19162,4 -3319922,015 223 8 Existing Households, 2 Proposed Households and 1 Existing Business 14366,73 1,436673192 -19285,2 -3319814,245 224 14 Existing Households Page 170 R603 (ADAMS) SETTLEMENT PLAN AND DRAFT SCHEME
AREA HECTARES X Y BLOCK NO.: LAND USE.: 24754,31 2,475431336 -19078,1 -3319758,68 225 20 Existing Households, 4 Proposed Households and 1 Existing Worship 8834,602 0,883460232 -19222,3 -3319635,586 226 8 Existing Households and 2 Proposed Households 13033,87 1,303387283 -19031,1 -3319697,108 227 9 Existing Households and 7 Proposed Households 8801,275 0,880127473 -19047,3 -3320049,636 228 8 Existing Households and 2 Proposed Households 17473,39 1,747339491 -19087 -3320098,554 229 12 Existing Households and 1 Existing Reservoir 11873,17 1,187317165 -21021,1 -3320201,1 23 1 Existing Households, 7 Proposed Households and 1 Proposed Business 13192,26 1,319226105 -18975,1 -3320169,719 230 9 Existing Households and 3 Proposed Households 15341 1,534099857 -19170,9 -3319978,619 231 10 Existing Households and 1 Proposed Household 14901,6 1,490159567 -19265 -3319994,195 232 9 Existing Households 5631,032 0,563103208 -19137,2 -3320254,055 233 4 Existing Households and 1 Proposed Household 33236,11 3,323611217 -18793,3 -3320397,129 234 33 Existing Households, 5 Proposed Households and 1 Existing Business 3649,038 0,364903755 -18820,2 -3320606,921 235 2 Existing Households 11346,27 1,134626737 -18868,5 -3320551,17 236 10 Existing Households and 1 Proposed Household 7179,817 0,717981738 -18950,1 -3320471,023 237 5 Existing Households and 1 Proposed Household 9647,771 0,964777078 -18864,4 -3320463,8 238 5 Existing Households 4616,9 0,461689969 -18774 -3320491,093 239 2 Existing Households and 3 Proposed Households 5733,77 0,573376959 -21033,5 -3320055,381 24 7 Proposed Households 3248,661 0,324866103 -19014,9 -3320667,767 240 4 Propose Households 15877,42 1,587741515 -19003,4 -3320798,971 241 3 Existing Households and 5 Proposed Households 12609,13 1,260913473 -19132,2 -3320534,231 242 12 Existing Households 9 Existing Households, 3 Proposed Households, 5 Proposed Mixed Use, 1 27263,17 2,726316642 -18881,5 -3320869,497 243 Existing High School, and 1 Existing Sportfield 6 Existing Households, 1 Proposed Households, 3 Proposed Mixed Use, 20789,09 2,078908933 -18700,9 -3320915,805 244 and 1 Proposed Community Facility 11 Existing Households, 1 Proposed Households and 2 Proposed Mixed 19698,71 1,969870788 -18627,8 -3320937,284 245 Use 6550,971 0,655097056 -18561,4 -3320997,593 246 2 Existing Households and 2 Proposed Mixed Use 19311,59 1,931159273 -18578,3 -3321120,413 247 14 Existing Households and 1 Proposed Households 430,3932 0,043039321 -18643,8 -3321234,951 248 1 Existing Households 1955,657 0,195565728 -18682,5 -3321394,782 249 4 Existing Households
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AREA HECTARES X Y BLOCK NO.: LAND USE.: 3355,032 0,335503234 -20987,8 -3320037,742 25 5 Proposed Households 18466,11 1,846610829 -18879,5 -3321116,89 250 15 Existing Households and 1 Existing Business 4043,965 0,404396454 -18880,8 -3321082,085 251 4 Existing Households 1906,712 0,190671248 -18826,4 -3321109,799 252 3 Existing Households 737,1481 0,073714812 -18687,9 -3321443,34 253 2 Existing Households 7226,494 0,722649417 -18616 -3321510,227 254 6 Existing Households 1025,358 0,102535754 -18492,3 -3321504,395 255 1 Existing Household 6408,888 0,640888822 -18440,2 -3321443,424 256 7 Existing Households 24694,32 2,469431557 -18651,5 -3321371,103 257 21 Existing Households and 1 Proposed Household 28658,24 2,86582416 -18445,4 -3321396,111 258 19 Existing Households and 3 Proposed Households 9365,119 0,936511926 -18547,8 -3321151,4 259 8 Existing Households and 1 Proposed Household 5932,426 0,593242629 -20919,5 -3320142,472 26 8 Proposed Households 11938,65 1,193865392 -18467,7 -3321229,973 260 13 Existing Households and 3 Proposed Households 13257,56 1,325756415 -18351,3 -3321235,853 261 11 Existing Households and 1 Proposed Community Facility 6154,433 0,615443301 -18274,8 -3321284,775 262 6 Existing Households 3759,746 0,375974553 -18244 -3321330,396 263 4 Existing Households 3383,495 0,338349516 -18428,9 -3321525,657 264 4 Existing Households 3908,258 0,39082576 -18567,3 -3321623,979 265 4 Existing Households 686,4746 0,068647461 -18665,6 -3321565,943 266 1 Existing Households 6760,748 0,676074801 -18636,2 -3321611,217 267 4 Existing Households 6760,748 0,676074801 -18636,2 -3321611,217 268 1 Existing Households 1365,481 0,13654808 -18468,6 -3321637,876 269 1 Existing Households 32950,92 3,29509164 -20856,7 -3319992,403 27 15 Existing Households and 9 Proposed Households 15 Existing Households, 5 Proposed Households, 1 Proposed Primary 69025,34 6,902533985 -18163,4 -3321576,7 270 School and 1 Proposed High School 8681,03 0,868103015 -18428,7 -3321665,812 271 10 Existing Households 6919,68 0,691968028 -18341,6 -3321621,591 272 9 Existing Households 3884,208 0,388420787 -18454,5 -3321741,007 273 5 Existing Households 835,3401 0,083534012 -18324,8 -3321775,077 274 3 Existing Households 6915,553 0,691555281 -18288,2 -3321790,683 275 8 Existing Households Page 172 R603 (ADAMS) SETTLEMENT PLAN AND DRAFT SCHEME
AREA HECTARES X Y BLOCK NO.: LAND USE.: 6815,802 0,681580221 -18288,3 -3321607,35 276 8 Existing Households and 2 Proposed Households 6509,532 0,650953236 -18132,3 -3321705,77 277 9 Existing Households 6463,192 0,646319211 -18239,1 -3321700,219 278 5 Existing Households 565,04 0,056504003 -18090,1 -3321909,896 279 1 Existing Household 7801,071 0,780107056 -20790,8 -3320051,735 28 6 Existing Households and 1 Proposed Household 2379,936 0,237993632 -18047 -3322002,582 280 2 Existing Households and 1 Proposed Household 16216,14 1,621613511 -18036,5 -3321813,452 281 10 Existing Households and 2 Proposed Households 9 Existing Households, 1 Proposed Households and 2 Proposed Mixed 13339,78 1,333977828 -18104,5 -3321749,78 282 Use 16216,14 1,621613511 -18036,5 -3321813,452 283 11 Existing Households and 1 Proposed Households 18055,43 1,805543363 -17932 -3321965,26 284 14 Existing Households and 1 Proposed Households 753,2847 0,075328467 -17941,8 -3322051,598 285 1 Existing Household 37590,36 3,759035983 -17737,9 -3322278,217 286 33 Existing Households and 1 Proposed Business 10147,85 1,014784706 -17784,9 -3322558,648 287 10 Existing Households 19657,67 1,965767333 -17579,9 -3322985,546 288 21 Existing Households and 2 Proposed Households 13 Existing Households, 5 Proposed Households, 1 Proposed 29420,37 2,942036981 -17411,9 -3323011,859 289 Administration and Proposed Resource Center 23655,48 2,365547757 -20621,1 -3319957,903 29 9 Existing Households and 10 Proposed Households 2697,599 0,269759877 -17344 -3322867,642 290 3 Existing Households and 1 Proposed Household 7349,799 0,734979863 -17378 -3322811,25 291 8 Existing Households 3431,837 0,343183719 -17529,3 -3322718,586 292 5 Existing Households 719,131 0,071913095 -17567,8 -3322712,638 293 1 Existing Household 17250,46 1,72504608 -17508,7 -3322914,615 294 14 Existing Households and 5 Proposed Households 6593,194 0,659319422 -17548,2 -3322902,373 295 9 Existing Households and 1 Proposed Household 5052,686 0,505268592 -17411,5 -3322857,971 296 6 Existing Households 10590,37 1,05903683 -17701,2 -3322781,826 297 14 Existing Households and 2 Proposed Households 6828,152 0,682815209 -17719,1 -3322722,405 298 1 Existing Households and 8 Proposed Households 13241,61 1,324160821 -17740 -3322630,36 299 4 Existing Households and 7 Proposed Households 32374,89 3,237489172 -21072 -3319405,145 3 5 Existing Households and 34 Proposed Households 19085,35 1,908534875 -20538 -3319878,841 30 8 Existing Households and 3 Proposed Households
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AREA HECTARES X Y BLOCK NO.: LAND USE.: 11808,1 1,180810245 -17710,9 -3322505,464 300 4 Existing Households and 8 Proposed Households 5181,443 0,518144344 -17666,2 -3322389,375 301 5 Existing Households and 1 Proposed Household 19088,71 1,908871091 -17641,1 -3322057,614 302 14 Existing Households and 1 Proposed Households 19088,71 1,908871091 -17641,1 -3322057,614 303 5 Existing Households 4041,048 0,404104846 -17733,2 -3322019,875 304 3 Existing Households 30675,7 3,06757006 -17762 -3321983,307 305 21 Existing Households and 3 Proposed Households 4112,639 0,411263944 -17697,7 -3321846,784 306 5 Proposed Mixed Use 10184,1 1,018409622 -17664,5 -3321922,602 307 6 Proposed Mixed Use 19709,67 1,970967358 -17566 -3322170,738 308 1 Existing Clinic 8594,516 0,859451583 -17621,9 -3322310,503 309 7 Existing Households 19085,35 1,908534875 -20538 -3319878,841 31 1 Existing Households and 1 Proposed Households 1155,461 0,115546142 -17582,4 -3322459,509 310 2 Existing Households 2648,8 0,264879991 -17559,6 -3322483,252 311 3 Existing Households 2654,786 0,265478615 -17483,5 -3322505,974 312 2 Existing Households 8716,854 0,871685401 -17351,9 -3322735,462 313 7 Existing Households 3537,372 0,353737191 -17407,7 -3322731,666 314 5 Existing Households and 1 Proposed Household 12989,84 1,29898446 -17518 -3322549,471 315 9 Existing Households 5688,67 0,568866981 -17633,6 -3322639,764 316 1 Existing Households and 4 Proposed Households 899,8707 0,08998707 -17550,2 -3322581,776 317 1 Existing Household 7845,744 0,78457436 -17634,5 -3322609,299 318 3 Existing Households and 7 Proposed Households 4013,22 0,401321997 -17432,5 -3322431,496 319 3 Existing Households 3563,653 0,356365266 -20290,7 -3319793,179 32 4 Existing Households 9158,373 0,915837345 -17517,5 -3322358,962 320 3 Existing Households and 3 Proposed Households 7148,773 0,714877344 -17471,5 -3322217,757 321 3 Existing Households and 4 Proposed Households 972,3692 0,097236924 -17430,9 -3322288,086 322 3 Existing Households 6484,211 0,648421091 -17483,1 -3322073,752 323 3 Existing Households and 1 Proposed Mixed Use 16802,53 1,680253164 -17322,2 -3322283,33 324 10 Existing Households and 2 Proposed Households 617,332 0,061733204 -17381,1 -3322214,949 325 1 Existing Household 1622,654 0,162265404 -17342,5 -3322325,448 326 3 Existing Households 10932,78 1,093277619 -17237,4 -3322423,065 327 10 Existing Households Page 174 R603 (ADAMS) SETTLEMENT PLAN AND DRAFT SCHEME
AREA HECTARES X Y BLOCK NO.: LAND USE.: 1775,693 0,177569335 -17366,7 -3322389,694 328 2 Existing Households 4493,027 0,449302703 -17387,6 -3322346,044 329 5 Existing Households 9761,966 0,976196568 -20065,2 -3319822,527 33 7 Existing Households 2170,03 0,217003008 -17396,8 -3322398,722 330 2 Existing Households 8003,743 0,800374288 -17333,1 -3322567,613 331 9 Existing Households 14818,06 1,481806285 -17281,1 -3322591,762 332 8 Existing Households, 3 Proposed Households and 4 Existing Business 6966,677 0,696667701 -17262,1 -3322911,934 333 1 Existing Households and 1 Proposed Mixed Use 3 Existing Households, 3 Existing Business, 1 Existing High School, 1 Combined School, 1 Existing Sportfield, 1 Proposed Mixed Use and 1 91296,02 9,129602448 -17299,6 -3323069,501 334 Proposed Training Center 631,336 0,063133599 -17481,9 -3323261,306 335 1 Existing Household 8524,645 0,852464516 -17375,7 -3323157,124 336 1 Proposed Resource Center 2088,46 0,208846042 -17538,6 -3323185,642 337 2 Existing Households 2164,588 0,216458842 -17646,1 -3323130,821 338 1 Existing Household 3565,541 0,35655413 -17681,3 -3323071,755 339 1 Existing Household 1255,932 0,125593196 -20036,2 -3319725,027 34 1 Existing Households 924,4388 0,092443877 -17613,2 -3323051,6 340 1 Existing Household 6283,427 0,628342698 -17720,7 -3323052,806 341 6 Existing Households and 2 Proposed Households 1569,974 0,156997373 -18343,1 -3322073,781 342 1 Existing Household 3607,27 0,360727004 -18392,7 -3321982,783 343 2 Existing Households 3686,536 0,368653616 -18437,7 -3321888,266 344 3 Existing Households 2078,821 0,207882087 -18498,3 -3321876,284 345 3 Existing Households 18533,73 1,853373057 -18334,4 -3322277,276 346 14 Existing Households 838,9114 0,083891145 -18371,6 -3322101,206 347 1 Existing Household 4699,208 0,469920772 -18329,5 -3322205,542 348 3 Existing Households 13944,28 1,394427816 -18161,4 -3322318,341 349 5 Existing Households 960,5629 0,096056288 -20068,4 -3319925,974 35 1 Existing Households 1402,729 0,140272905 -18104,1 -3322361,738 350 1 Existing Household 10879,59 1,087959293 -18335,5 -3322331,3 351 6 Existing Households 13775,1 1,37750993 -18205,9 -3322510,515 352 3 Existing Households
Page 175 R603 (ADAMS) SETTLEMENT PLAN AND DRAFT SCHEME
AREA HECTARES X Y BLOCK NO.: LAND USE.: 21234,08 2,123408128 -18089,9 -3322904,894 353 12 Existing Households 9791,794 0,979179449 -18013,3 -3322768,826 354 3 Existing Households 7057,79 0,705778958 -17917,5 -3322829,997 355 5 Existing Households 1864,713 0,186471266 -17902,4 -3322989,478 356 1 Existing Household 7924,593 0,792459325 -17984,6 -3322997,618 357 6 Existing Households 33972,82 3,397281568 -17860,1 -3323044,55 358 6 Existing Households, 6 Proposed Households and 1 Existing Worship 15248,94 1,524894005 -17761,4 -3323074,627 359 14 Existing Households 11104,63 1,110463377 -19943,9 -3319855,904 36 11 Existing Households and 2 Proposed Households 1 Existing College, 1 Existing Primary School, 2 Existing Cemeteries, 1 434117,2 43,41172262 -17384,1 -3323527,53 360 Existing Worship, and 1 Existing Sportfield 19280,51 1,928051436 -17059,8 -3323488,051 361 9 Existing Households and 8 Proposed Mixed Use 3272,272 0,327227196 -16999,9 -3323693,146 362 3 Proposed Mixed Use 29031,46 2,903146159 -17214,7 -3324004,227 363 1 Proposed Mixed Use and 1 Existing Sportfield 3079,784 0,307978387 -16914,8 -3323950,716 363 1 Proposed Mixed Use 13683,31 1,368331419 -17860,1 -3322952,433 364 10 Existing Households and 2 Proposed Households 8250,147 0,825014671 -20233 -3319862,184 365 3 Existing Households and 1 Proposed Household 7597,978 0,759797832 -20434,7 -3319897,619 366 6 Existing Households 677,5537 0,067755369 -18963,6 -3320946,647 367 1 Existing Household 14085,21 1,40852147 -19930,9 -3319762,369 37 10 Existing Households and 1 Proposed Households 9400,669 0,940066852 -19828,7 -3319671,418 38 5 Existing Households 5932,343 0,593234333 -19720,6 -3319699,331 39 5 Existing Households 12911,82 1,291182137 -20650,7 -3319239,496 4 3 Existing Households, 2 Proposed Households and 1 Existing Worship 24060,85 2,40608542 -19747,4 -3319738,461 40 15 Existing Households and 11 Proposed Households 25589,53 2,558952658 -19835,5 -3319906,393 41 17 Existing Households and 3 Proposed Households 8055,701 0,80557012 -19719,4 -3320085,023 42 5 Existing Households 3523,261 0,352326127 -19725 -3320008,144 43 3 Existing Households 28930,78 2,893077674 -19608,3 -3319879,282 44 21 Existing Households and 2 Proposed Households 20 Existing Households, 1 Proposed Household, 1 Proposed Mixed-Use 31193,64 3,119363802 -19425,3 -3320104,753 45 and 1 Proposed Business 10016,28 1,001627833 -19294,3 -3320340,685 46 6 Existing Households and 6 Proposed Households
Page 176 R603 (ADAMS) SETTLEMENT PLAN AND DRAFT SCHEME
AREA HECTARES X Y BLOCK NO.: LAND USE.: 21056,17 2,105617006 -19532,7 -3320154,554 47 13 Existing Households and 1 Proposed Households 1608,256 0,160825645 -19598,9 -3320078,449 48 2 Existing Households 23251,31 2,325131431 -20442,3 -3319355,263 5 15 Existing Households and 3 Proposed Households 12013,62 1,20136248 -19590,1 -3320263,762 50 7 Existing Households and 4 Proposed Households 30763,57 3,076356979 -20001,4 -3320076,305 51 14 Existing Households and 1 Proposed Household 1625,937 0,162593721 -19582,3 -3320321,689 51 2 Existing Households 3237,938 0,323793751 -19565 -3320351,809 52 2 Existing Households 1687,207 0,168720652 -19712,1 -3320133,981 53 1 Existing Household 1319,134 0,131913392 -19772,2 -3320140,036 54 1 Existing Household 11826,17 1,182617442 -19810,3 -3320127,521 55 2 Existing Households and 10 Proposed Households 9617,41 0,96174101 -19916,3 -3320214,332 56 1 Existing Households and 9 Proposed Households 8769,712 0,876971234 -20403,5 -3319945,357 57 5 Existing Households 16210,48 1,621047681 -20531,7 -3320116,522 58 4 Existing Households, 7 Proposed Households and 1 Proposed Creche 7 Existing Households, 3 Propose Households, 1 Existing Primary School 19203,45 1,920344609 -20648 -3320086,597 59 and 1 Existing Worship 5613,394 0,561339367 -20050,8 -3319499,456 6 1 Existing Household 13741,36 1,374136092 -20665,2 -3320251,155 60 20 Proposed Households 2799,951 0,279995093 -20727,7 -3320317,899 61 4 Proposed Households 7034,404 0,703440435 -20923,7 -3320284,122 62 13 Proposed Households 14179,37 1,417936558 -20869,1 -3320162,294 63 5 Existing Households and 11 Proposed Households 16342,36 1,634236105 -21014,3 -3320318,439 64 1 Existing Households, 5 Proposed Households,1 Secondary School 12628,28 1,26282751 -20729,9 -3320430,342 65 3 Existing Households and 12 households 5824,456 0,582445621 -20695,8 -3320443,145 66 2 Existing Households and 5 Proposed Households 30106,01 3,010600654 -20573,7 -3320487,31 67 9 Existing Households and 26 Proposed Households 8339,713 0,833971289 -20387,7 -3320164,462 68 5 Existing Households and 2 Proposed Households 14121,14 1,412113614 -20361,6 -3320065,544 69 3 Existing Households and 4 Proposed Households 4938,272 0,493827215 -20145 -3319425,4 7 1 Existing Household 11811,19 1,181119161 -20223,8 -3320195,165 70 1 Existing Households and 20 Proposed Households 14121,14 1,412113614 -20361,6 -3320065,544 71 3 Existing Households and 3 Proposed Households 7944,61 0,794460953 -20393,9 -3320303,246 72 12 Proposed Households Page 177 R603 (ADAMS) SETTLEMENT PLAN AND DRAFT SCHEME
AREA HECTARES X Y BLOCK NO.: LAND USE.: 9878,878 0,987887789 -20476,8 -3320389,627 73 1 Existing Households and 11 Proposed Households 19221,68 1,922167618 -20276,5 -3320326,22 74 4 Existing Households and 19 Proposed Households 7245,984 0,724598449 -20074,6 -3320215,339 75 12 Proposed Households 3071,745 0,307174472 -19976,7 -3320282,449 76 4 Proposed Households 5376,672 0,537667207 -20105,7 -3320441,725 77 2 Existing Households and 2 Proposed Households 21966,08 2,196607734 -20086,5 -3320373,485 78 12 Existing Households, 7 Proposed Households and 1 Proposed Business 8083,998 0,808399834 -20341,7 -3320533,248 79 6 Existing Households and 2 Proposed Households 2792,489 0,279248895 -20217,1 -3319453,518 8 3 Existing Households 2436,69 0,243669039 -20333,5 -3320596,571 80 Existing Households 6141,205 0,614120548 -20198,1 -3320570,144 81 9 Proposed Households 3902,333 0,390233299 -20023,1 -3320507,063 82 1 Existing Households and 4 Proposed Households 13888,17 1,388817349 -19747,3 -3320514,52 83 4 Existing Households and 12 Proposed Households 21661,85 2,166185399 -19804,7 -3320587,189 84 8 Existing Households and 12 Proposed Households 14347,1 1,434709755 -19919,1 -3320612,064 85 15 Existing Households and 1 Proposed Households 46113,19 4,611318905 -20011,5 -3320830,784 86 8 Existing Households and 15 Proposed Households 18287,41 1,828740657 -20048,6 -3320637,629 87 5 Existing Households and 22 Proposed Households 3653,314 0,365331425 -19708 -3320796,94 88 2 Existing Households and 1 Proposed Households 30847,05 3,084704608 -19377,6 -3320640,227 89 20 Existing Households 6545,566 0,65455663 -20308,5 -3319559,542 9 4 Existing Households 36686,61 3,668661223 -19273,1 -3320726,8 90 33 Existing Households, 6 Proposed Households, and 1 Proposed Creche 11473,83 1,147382888 -19327,7 -3320656,887 91 8 Existing Households and 4 Proposed Households 30847,05 3,084704608 -19377,6 -3320640,227 92 2 Existing Households and 13 Proposed Households 15730,33 1,573032886 -19117 -3320694,553 93 16 Existing Households 13151,61 1,315161163 -19074,3 -3320814,596 94 3 Existing Households, 1 Proposed Business and 1 Petrol Filling station 12947,18 1,294717835 -19280,2 -3320776,004 95 12 Existing Households, 2 Proposed Households and 1 Existing Worship 3981,387 0,398138739 -19217,2 -3320978,149 96 6 Existing Households 8035,206 0,803520636 -19311,2 -3320911,175 97 9 Existing Households 8036,447 0,803644659 -19367 -3321051,525 98 6 Existing Households 5033,698 0,503369837 -19370 -3320881,868 99 4 Existing Households and 1 Proposed Household Table 21 Land use schedule Page 178 12.4. Land Use Controls ROAD NAME LENGTH, ROAD BUILDIN SPLAYS KM RESERVE G LINE , M WIDTH, EACH 12.4.1. Road reserve and building line M SIDE, M The Settlement Plan Layout has gone further and provided L 2843 2.0 10 NONE 5X5 the road specifications for the road hierarchy for the study L 2725 2.0 10 area in line with the Provincial (Department of Transport) CLASS 5 ROADS – RESIDENTIAL COLLECTOR and Municipal (eThekwini Transport Authority). The VARIOUS PROPOSED 8 NONE NONE following table elaborates: ACCESS ROADS 6
Table 22: Road reserve and building line 12.4.2. D’MOSS and Environmental Buffer ROAD NAME LENGTH, ROAD BUILDIN SPLAYS KM RESERVE G LINE , M There are numerous dwelling units which are built within WIDTH, EACH the DMOSS area. These dwellings are marked with a red M SIDE, M outline as they are existing. However future residential CLASS 2 ROADS – MAJOR ARTERIAL development is discouraged within the D’MOSS. A 30m P 21-2 (R603), AND 6,8 30 15 10X10 Environmental buffer is proposed to discourage further P 80 (M35) 1,3 development on environmentally sensitive areas such as P 242 (M37) 1,3 flood plains and wetlands CLASS 3 ROADS – MINOR ARTERIAL
D994 6.1 20 15 7X7
D 995 5,2 D 1058 CLASS 4 ROADS – LOCAL DISTRIBUTOR .
R603 (ADAMS) SETTLEMENT PLAN AND DRAFT SCHEME
Figure 68: Land use control
Page 180 R603 (ADAMS) SETTLEMENT PLAN AND DRAFT SCHEME 13. REFERENCES Unpublished GIS Coverage [kznveg05v2_0_11_public_oct2011_constats_wll.zip], Biodiversity Conservation Planning Division, Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife, P. O. Box KZN COGTA. 2011. Kwazulu-Natal Land Use Management System 13053, Cascades, Pietermaritzburg, 3202. Guidelines for the preparation of Schemes for municipalities. Constitution of the Republic of South Africa Act 108 of 1996 KZN Provincial Growth Development Strategy 2016 Mucina L and Rutherford M.C. 2006. The vegetation of South Africa, CSIR. 2012. Guidelines for the Provision of Social Facilities in South Lesotho and Swaziland. African Settlements - First Edition. South Africa National Development Plan 2011 eThekwini Integrated Development Plan 2018/19 Review Strelitzia 19. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. eThekwini South Spatial Development Plan Scott-Shaw, C.R & Escott, B.J. (Eds). 2011. KwaZulu-Natal Provincial eThekwini Rural Development Strategy 2016 Pre-Transformation eThekwini Spatial Development Framework 2018/19 Review Spatial Planning and Land Use Management Act 16 of 2013 Folweni/Adams Local Area Plan 2012 The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2018-1.
Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife. KZN Ecological Support Areas 2016 [Vector] 2016. Jewitt, D and Escott, B.J. 2011. Conservation targets for vegetation types October 2011.
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