Asian longhorned( beetle Michael Bohne, USDA USDA Michael Bohne, Bugwood.org Service, Forest
Anoplophora glabripennis emerald ash borer ( borer emerald ash
David Cappaert, ,Bugwood.orgDavid
Agrilus planipennis Agrilus
) )
) gypsymoth ( John Ghent, Ghent, Bugwood.orgJohn
Lymantria dispar Invasive Insects,Plants, and
Pathogens ofConcern in )
Arkansas cogongrass ( Chris Evans, University of Illinois, Bugwood.org Illinois, of University Evans, Chris
Imperata cylindrica
)
Pocket Field Guide This booklet serves as an efficient guide to the invasive species of concern in Arkansas.
If you have a suspected sighting of any of the pests listed, please contact any of the agencies listed below. Ask for State Plant Board or Forestry Commission Arkansas Agriculture Department (501) 225-1598
USDA-APHIS-PPQ - (501) 324-5258
This field guide was revised by Jake Bodart. Originally prepared by Soo-Hoon (Sam) Kim. Funds provided from CAPS CORE - Pest Detection Cooperative Agreement Asian longhorned beetle ( Joe Boggs, Ohio State University, Bugwood.orgUniversity, State Ohio Boggs, Joe Anoplophora glabripennis
) )
Asian Longhorned Beetle Asian Longhorned Beetle Asian longhorned beetle ( Cottonwood Joe Boggs, Ohio State University, Bugwood.orgUniversity, State Ohio Boggs, Joe borer Anoplophora glabripennis
Bugwood.org University, State Ohio Boggs, Joe ) )
Asian Longhorned Beetle
OSU, Buwood.org adult -J.Boggs, Bugwood.org: ALB adult -M.Bohne,Bugwood.org; ALB ovipositionsite-D. Herms, -J. Boggs,Bugwood.org,; ALB exithole-J.Boggs,Bugwood.org, Front:(Clockwisefromtop): ALB Photos (Clockwisefrom top):Cottonwoodborervs. ALB -G.J.Lenhard,LSU, Bugwood.org,; ALB larvae Information gathered fromUSDA Pest Alert 2015.FSNA-PR-01-99 katsura,mimosa, mountainash,poplar, andwillow. elm,goldenraintree,sycamore, horsechestnut/buckeye, Maplesspecies(Acer spp.). Otherhostsinclude birch, Hosts andmayhavebluecolor onfeet. Active June-October. bandedantennae.Body jetblackwithmottledwhitespots Adult -1to1.5"inlength,withlong,white andblack Identification diameter. Accumulation ofsawdustaroundbasetree. sapmayflowfromeggniches.Roundexitholes 3/8"in roundpitsinbarkforeggniche.Duringsummer months Barkcracks,branchdieback,treemortality. Ovalto Signs &Symptoms Anoplophora glabripennis
glabripennis Anoplophora ) ) ( beetle longhorned Asian emerald ash borer ( borer emerald ash David Cappaert, ,Bugwood.orgDavid
Agrilus planipennis Agrilus
)
Emerald Ash Borer Emerald Ash Borer emerald ash borer ( ash borer emerald Agrilus planipennis
Kenneth R. Law, USDA APHIS PPQ, Bugwood.org PPQ, APHIS USDA Law, Kenneth R. ) on ash(
Fraxinus spp. ) - Chandler Barton, Ark. Forestry Comm.Front:D. Cappaert,MSU,Bugwood.org Law, USDA-APHIS/PPQ, Bugwood.org; EABlarvae-ChandlerBarton, Ark. Forestry Comm.,EABlarvalgallery Photos (Clockwisefrom topleft):EABDamage-DHerms,OSU, Bugwood.or Information gathered fromM. Wilson andE.Rebek2005. MSUExtBulE-2938. virginicus). Ash species(Fraxinusspp.)andwhitefringetree ( Hosts bodysegments. Larvae-Flatinappearance, creamywhite,legless,bell-shaped segmentsunderwings. Adult -bright metallicgreen,1/2inchlong,purpleabdominal Identification withD-shapedexithole.Increasedwoodpecker activity. withgalleriesunderbark.Distinctserpentine (s-shaped)galleries rootsandtrunk.Leavesoftenlarger thannormal.Barksplitting Top 1/3oftreebeginstodie off.Epicormicsproutsgrowfrom Signs &Symptoms Agrilus planipennis g; EABemergence hole-K.R. Chionanthus Sirex noctillio Sirex noctillio Sirexwoodwasp ( David R. Lance, USDA APHIS PPQ, Bugwood.org APHISPPQ, USDA R.Lance, David Sirex noctilio Sirex
)
Sirexwoodwasp ( William M. Ciesla, Forest Health Management International, Bugwood.orgInternational, Management Health Forest Ciesla, M.William Sirex noctilio Sirex
) on loblolly pine ( on loblolly)
Pinus taeda Pinus
) coniferssuchasfir(Abies ) andspruce(Picea Primarilypinespecies( Hosts endofabdomen. Larvae-Creamywhitein color, legless,haveadarkspine at reddish-yellow;feet(tarsi)black;maleswithblackhind legs. abdomenofmalesblackwithmiddlesegmentsorange. Legs Adult -0.5to1.5inchlong.Bodydarkmetallicblueorblack; Identification layingsite.Roundexitholes1/8to3/8inchwide. fromgreen>yellowred.Resinbeadsorresinflow at egg Wilting offoliageafterinitialattack.Foliage changescolor Signs &Symptoms Sirex noctillio Ciesia, FHMI, Bugwood.org; Front: V. Klasmer, INTA, Bugwood.org Bugwood.org; Emergence Hole-D.R.Lance,USDA-APHIS-PPQ, Bugwood.org; Larva -W. M. Photos (Clockivisefrom topleft):Female-S. Valley. ODA, Bugwood.org; Male-S. Valley, ODA, Introduced PestsOutreach Project,Sirex Woodwasp. 2014. Information gathered from D. A. HaugenandE.R. Hoebeke. 2005.NA-PR-07-05;Massachusetts Pinus spp.),butcaninfestother ). gypsymoth ( Evgeny Akulov, Russian Research Institute Of Plant Quarantine, Bugwood.org Quarantine, Plant Of Institute Research Russian Akulov, Evgeny Lymantria dispar
)
Gypsy Moth Gypsy Moth gypsymoth ( John Ghent, Ghent, Bugwood.orgJohn
Lymantria dispar
)
gypsy moth ( moth gypsy Daniel The Bugwood.org Herms, Ohio State University,
Lymantria dispar
) ) birch,oak,beech,cedar, hemlock, pine,chestnut,andspruce. A widevarietyofpreferredhosts,including: alder, aspen, Hosts sixpairsofreddotsonthe back. Larvae-Bodiesarehairy. Fivepairsofbluedotsfollowedby thinblackantennae.Femaleslarger insizeandcannotfly. featheryantennae.Femalesarewhitewithblackmarkings and Adult -Malesaregrayish brownwithdarkmarkingsand Identification Duringhighinfestation,larvaeseencrawlingeverywhere. forest.Excrementfromlarvaecoversgroundbelowcanopy. Visible eggmasses.Larvalfeedingdefoliatestreeswithin the Signs &Symptoms Lymantria dispar Bugwood.org; Front: Larva-E. Akulov, RRIPQ,Bugwood.org Female layingeggs-SD. Herms,OSU,Bugwood.org; Defoliation-LM.Nageleisen,DSF, Photos (CIockwisefrom topleft):Male(left)Female(right)-USDA-APHIS-PPQ, Bugwood.or Information gatheredfrom G. A. Hoover. 2000.PSUExt. TS-20. g; crapemyrtle bark scale ( bark crapemyrtle
Acanthococcus lagerstroemiae Jim Robbins, Univ. of Ark. CES, Bugwood.org CES, Ark. of Univ. Jim Robbins,
) on crapemyrtle ( ( crapemyrtle) on
Lagerstroemia indica
Crape Myrtle Bark Scale
) Crape Myrtle Bark Scale Crapemyrtle. Hosts adults. cover. Pinkeggsorcrawlerlifestagesmaybepresentunder Adults - Approx. 2mminlengthwithawhitetograyfelt Identification Crapemyrtlebarkscale. sootymoldgrowingonthehoneydewsecretedfrom the Barkhasablackappearance. This colorationoccursfrom Signs &Symptoms Acanthococcuslagerstroemiae Adult CMBS; Adult CMBS; Adult CMBS; Adult CMBSwithcrawler lifestagepresent. myrtle withCMBSand sootyblackmold;Crapemyrtlewith appearancefromCMBS.Front: Photos fromDr. JamesRobbins(Clockwisefromtop left):SevereinfestationofCMBS;Crape Information gathered fromDr. JamesRobbins et.al.2016.UA Ext.FSA7086. Brown Marmorated Stink Bug Brown Marmorated Stink Bug brown marmorated stink bug ( bug marmorated stink brown David R. Lance, USDA APHIS PPQ, Bugwood.org APHISPPQ, USDA R.Lance, David brown marmorated stink bug ( stink brownmarmorated
Halyomorpha halys
) Halyomorpha halys
Gary Bernon, USDA APHIS, Bugwood.org APHIS, USDA Bernon, Gary ) on black cherry ( ) on blackcherry
Prunus serotina
feedonornamentals andweeds. fruit,smalllegumes, anddeciduoustrees.Potentialto This pestcandamageawidevarietyofhostsincluding: tree Hosts legs. Nymph- Alternating darkandlight bandsonantennaeand theantennaeandedgesofabdomen. Adults -Shieldshaped, Alternating darkandlightbandsof Identification fruit. water-soaked lesions,cat-facing,orprematurelyaborted andfoliageofmanyplants.Damagetothefruitcaninclude Feedingdamagecausessmallnecroticregionsonthe fruit Signs &Symptoms Halyomorphahalys Bugwood.org; Front:Nymph -S.Ellis,Bugwood.org; Adult — S. Valley, ODA,Bugwood.org Bernon, USDA-APHIS-PPQ, Bugwood.org; Nymphs-D.R.Lance, USDA-APHlS-PPQ, Photos (Clockwisefrom topleft):Damage-T. Leskeyetal.,OPM23:197-244;Nymphs -G. Information gathered fromD. T. Johnson and A. Lynn-Miller. 2013.UA Ext.FSA7080.
)
Bugwood.org Institute, Research Forest Hungary Csoka, Gyorgy
Sakhalin Pine Sawyer
Monochamus saltuarius saltuarius Monochamus Japanese pine sawyer ( sawyer pine Japanese
) ) Sakhalin Pine Sawyer Japanese pine sawyer ( sawyerJapanese pine Gyorgy Csoka, Hungary Forest Research Institute, Bugwood.org Institute, Research Forest Gyorgy Csoka, Hungary
Monochamus saltuarius Japanese pine sawyer ( sawyer Japanese pine
Maja Jurc, University of Ljubljana, Bugwood.org MajaJurc, University of Ljubljana, ) )
Monochamus saltuarius Japanese pine sawyer ( sawyerJapanese pine Gyorgy Csoka, Hungary Forest Research Institute, Bugwood.org Institute, Research Forest Gyorgy Csoka, Hungary
Monochamus saltuarius
)
) ) Variety ofhosts:larchspp.,Japanesecedar, firspp.,pinespp. Hosts spots. spots.Legsandfirstantennalsegmentcovered partlywithgrey Adults predominantlyblackwithnumerousyellowishandwhite Identification shreddedwood.U-shapedpupalchambers. barkbyadults.Larvalgalleriesinxylempacked withfrassand Roundemergence holes,ovipositionscars,and feedingonthe Signs &Symptoms Monochamnssaltuarius Research Institute, Bugwood.org; — M.Jure,University ofLjunljana,Bugwood.org; Front: Adult -G.Csoka,Hungary Forest Bugwood.org; Damage—G.Csoka, Hungary ForestResearchInstitute,Bugwood.org; Adult Photos (Clockwisefrom topleft): Adult —G.Csoka,HungaryForestResearch Institute, Information gathered fromExotic Wood Borer/BarkBeetlereferenceguide. CAPS. Oak Splendor Beetle Oak Splendor Beetle innerbark.1 D-shapedexitholesonbark.Zigzagfrass-filled galleries in Signs &Symptoms Agrilus biguttatus species. Primaryoakspecies,but canattackbeechandchestnut Hosts (elytra)areakeycharacteristic. Two whitespots ontheinteriormargin ofthewingcover Adults areslenderandmetallicgreenwithseveralwhitespots. Identification mortality. Increased woodpeckeractivity. Twig andbranchdieback,thinnedcrowns, andtree discolorationofbarkandcambialtissueovergalleries. Meshkova, UR1FFM, Bugwood.org; 1 Photos (Clockwisefrom topleft): Adult -S. Valley, ORDept Ag. ugwood.org; Larvae- V. http://www.ipm.msu.edu/uploads/files/Forecasting_invasion_risks/oakSplendorBeetle.pdf Information gathered from Adult-N. Wright, FLDACS, Bugwood.org; st instarhavestaircasepattern.Darkcracksand st instargalleries-LM. Nageleisen,DSF, Bugwood.org; Front: Tremex Wood Wasp Tremex fuscicornis Signs & Symptoms Wilting of foliage after initial attack. Resin beads or resin flow at egg laying site. Round exit holes 1/8 to 3/8 inch wide. Branch/crown dieback and reduced growth. Identification Adult - Males are all black with brown wings. Females are orange-yellow with black stripes on the abdomen. Larvae - Creamy white in color, legless, have a dark spine at end of abdomen. Hosts Can attack wide a variety including the following species: poplar, elm, beech, willow, maple, oak, and other Tremex Wood Wasp Wood Tremex deciduous trees.
Information gathered from USUA-APHIS.2011.New Pest Response Guidelines: Tremex Wood Wasp (Tremex fuscicornis (F.)). Photos (Clockwise from top left): Adult femaile - Morand; Adult male - D. Roustide; Larvae - D. Roustide; Front: Adult female and male - D. Roustide; All pictures are from http://www.galerie- insecte.org/galerie/tremex_fuscicornis.html thousand cankers disease ( disease thousand cankers Geosmithia morbida Ned Tisserat, Colorado State University, Bugwood.org University, State Colorado Ned Tisserat, ) on black walnut ( ) on blackwalnut
Juglans nigra
)
Thousand Cankers Disease Thousand Cankers Disease Tisserat, CSU,Bugwood.org ODA, Bugwood.org; Cankers -N. Tisserat, CSU,Bugwood.org; Front: Damagedtrees-N. Walnut twigbeetle - W. Cranshaw, CSU,Bugwood.org; Walnut twigbeetle-S. Valley, Photos (Clockwisefrom topleft):Cankerdeveolpment-C.Utiey, CSUE,Bugwood.org; Information gathered from formationcanbeobserved inotherwalnutspecies. Primarilyfoundonblack walnut( Hosts Pityopthorous juglandis. This diseaseislocallyspreadbythewalnuttwigbeetle, Spread holesbythewalnuttwigbeetle. bark,darkcoloredstainontheandnumerous tinyexit cankersalongthephloemunderbark.Presence ofcracking wiltingleavesandthenbranchmortality. Developmentof An earlysignofdiseaseisyellowingleavesprogressingtobrown Signs &Symptoms Geosmithiamorbida&Pityopthorous juglandis http://www.fs.fed.us/foresthealth/fhm/sp/tcd/tcd.shtml Juglans nigra),butcanker sudden oak death ( death sudden oak Phytophthora ramorum
Joseph OBrien, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org Service, Forest USDA OBrien, Joseph
) oak ( on coastlive
Quercus agrifolia )
Sudden Oak Death Sudden Oak Death Douglasfir. Rhododendron spp.,huckleberry, bigleaf maple,and horsechestnut,Camelliaspp., Viburnum spp., Wide varietyofhostsincludingmany oak species,grandfir, Hosts theeastthroughinfected ornamental treesandplants. Although not foundontheeastcoast,canbetransmittedto Transmission dieback. leaf.Margins oflesionsareindistinct. Leadstotwig Foliage-Developmentofgreytobrownlesionsonthe Leadstocrowndiebackandultimatelytreedeath. withreddishtoblackdiscolorationandoozingofsap. Bark-Developmentofcankersonthetrunkmainstem Signs &Symptoms Phytophthoraramorum Front: Damaged trees-J.O'Brien, USDA FS,Bugwood.org staining, -J.O'Brien, USDA FS,Bugwood.org; Leaf symptoms -J.W. Lotz, FDACS,Bugwood.org; Photos (Clockwisefrom topleft):Cankerdevelopment-J.O'Brien, USDA Information gtheredfrom http://www.fs.fed.us/foresthealth/fhm/sp/sod/sod.shtml FS,Bugwood.org; Canker beech bark disease ( disease beech bark
Nectria coccinea Nectria Andrej Kunca, National Forest Centre Centre Forest National Kunca, Andrej
) ) on Sycamore maple ( - Slovakia, Bugwood.org Slovakia,
Acer pseudoplatanusAcer beech bark disease ( disease beech bark
) ) SAFrs Service ForestUSDA
Nectria coccinea Nectria - North Central Research Station , , Station Research Central North USDA Bugwood.org Service, Forest
) on American beech American ( on) beech bark disease ( disease beech bark
Fagus grandifoliaFagus
Nectria coccinea
) ) Joseph OBrien, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org Service, Forest USDA OBrien, Joseph ) on American beech ( beech on American )
Fagus grandifolia
Beech Bark Disease ) Beech Bark Disease USDA FS,Bugwood.org NFC, Bugwood.org: Scars-USDA-FS-NCRS, USDA-FS,Bugwood; Tree mortality- J. O'Brien, Canker development - J.O'Brien,USDA FS,Bugwood.org Front:Fungus fruitbodies- A. Kunica, covering) -J.O'Brien, USDA FS,Bugwood.org; Canker-J.O'Brien,USDA FS,Bugwood.org; Photos (Clockwisefrom topleft):Scaleinsect-J.O'Brien,USDA FS,Bugwood.org; Scaleinsect(waxy Information gathered from D.HoustonandJ.O'Brien.1983.USDA FSFIDL 75. American beech(Fagusgrandifolia). Hosts bodiesarewhitecushions ofsporesfoundinmid-summer. clustersofredspheres;mature infall.Reproductivefruiting Fungus-reproductivefruiting bodies,orperithecia,aresmall and1mmatmaturity. Scaleinsect-waxysecretionsaroundbody. Yellow, elliptical, Spread likescarsorcankers. Thinning crown. blackenedspotsareearlysymptomsofNectriainfection.Crater- White woollyappearanceonbark(scaleinsect).Oozing, Signs &Symptoms (alsoN.galligena) Cryptococcusfagisuga&Nectriacoccineavar.faginata oak wilt ( ( oak wilt Ceratocystis fagacearum Joseph OBrien, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org Service, Forest USDA OBrien, Joseph
) on northern red oak ( red ) on northern
Quercus rubra
)
Oak Wilt Oak Wilt oak wilt ( wilt oak oak wilt ( wilt oak Joseph OBrien, USDA USDA Joseph OBrien, Bugwood.org Service, Forest Ceratocystis fagacearum Ceratocystis
North Carolina Forest Service , , Service North Forest Carolina , Bugwood.org Ceratocystis fagacearum Ceratocystis
) )
) ) Damaged trees -J.O'Brien,USDA FS.Bugwood.org Bugwood.urg: Barksplitting-NCFS, Bugwood.org; Leafsymptoms -D. W. French, UMN,Front: top left):Leafsymptoms -R.F. Billings, TFS, Bugwood.org: fungalmat underbark-MDNR, Information gathered fromC.RexrodeandD.Brown.1983.USDA FSFIDL 29.Phulus (Clockwise from susceptible. All speciesofoak( Hosts pathogenmovesthrough xylemvessels. graftstransmitdiseasetoneighboringtrees. Within tree, Sapbeetlesfeedinfungalmatsandvectordisease. Root Transmission decayorfungalmatsonthetrunkandbranches. mid-veinofleaf.Barksplitsrevealingsmallpatches of crowndullorbronze,progressingfromoutersections to Commoninnorthern Arkansas. Leavesthroughoutthe Signs &Symptoms Ceratocystisfagacearum Quercus spp.),redoaksmore laurel wilt( Raffaelea lauricola
Chip Bates, Georgia Forestry Commission, Bugwood.org Commission, Forestry Georgia Bates, Chip
) on sassafras ( ( sassafras ) on
Sassafras albidum
)
Laurel Wilt Disease Laurel Wilt Disease laurel wilt ( wilt laurel
Raffaelea lauricola Albert (Bud) Mayfield, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org Service, USDA Forest Mayfield, Albert (Bud)
) on redbay ( redbay on )
Persea borbonia
) ) redbay ambrosia beetle ( redbayambrosia laurel wilt( Raffaelea lauricola
Albert (Bud) Mayfield, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org Service, Forest USDA Mayfield, (Bud) Albert Xyleborus glabratus
James Johnson, Georgia Forestry Commission, Bugwood.org Commission, Forestry Georgia Johnson, James
) on redbay ( ( redbay) on
) on redbay ( ( redbay) on Persea borbonia
Persea borbonia )
) Bates, GFC, Bugwood.org Bugwood.org; Sapwoodstreaking- A. Mayfield,USDA FS,Bugwood.org; Front:Damaged trees-C. Bugwood.org: Wilted leaves - A. Mayfield,USDA FS,Bugwood.org; Frasstubes -J.Johnson,GFC,
beetle.php spicebush, andpondberry. Information gatheredfrom Alternative Arkansas. hots:Sassafras (Sassafras albidum), Preferred host, redbay (Persea notcommon borbonia), in Hosts October, withmultiplegenerations peryear. fungalspores between trees. transports Flight isJune- Redbay ambrosia beetle(brown, 1/16"andcylindrical) Transmission originating from thebeetlegallery. hole. protrusion from Black staininsapwood beetleentry Wilted leaves stay ontree dying. after Toothpick shape Wilting crowns withdiscolored andstunted foliage. Signs &Symptoms lanricola & Raffaelea Xyleborus glabratus Photos(Clockwisefrom topleft):Redbayambrosiabeetle-M.C. https://www.fs.fed.us/research/invasive-species/insects/red-bay-ambrosia- Thomas, FDACS, Pine Witches’ Broom Phytoplasma Pine Witches’ Broom Phytoplasma http://mundani-garden.blogspot.com/2011/07/candidatus-phytopplasma-pini-it-makes.html Photos (Clockwisefrom topleft): All picturestakenby JuanBibiloniPouandusedwithpermission from Information gatheredfrom cypress. Wide varietyofhosts:pine spp.,spruce,fir, hemlock,and Hosts infectedpropagativeplant material. Insectvectorsorbygrafting. Canalsobespreadfrom Transmission discoloration. FirandHemlock- Witches' broomandneedle Spruce-shoot/needlemalformationandstunted growth. (formswitches'broom). (formsdenseball-likestructure),andprolificbranching Pine-yellowing,dwarfing/stunting,twistedneedles Signs &Symptoms CandidatusPhytoplasmapini http://caps.ceris.purdue.edu/webfm_send/2169 White/Scots Pine Blister Rust White/Scots Pine Blister Rust Melampyrumspp.,Paeonia spp.,Pedicularisand Alternative hosts include:Ribesspp., Wide varietyofhostincluding manypinespp. Hosts Insectvectorsandbywind. Transmission Excessiveresinexudationseeninthelesions. discoloration,cankersanddeformedlesions(acecia). yellowingandprematuredefoliation,branchdeath, bark needles.Chlorosisandnecrosisoftheinfection site, This disease causesyellowish,necroticspotsonthe Signs &Symptoms Cronartium faccidum Vincetoxicum Information gatheredfrom Zincha, — M.Deml,www.biolin.cz/en http://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/16154 www.biolin.cz/en ; Front: Acecia I.Cech,BFW http://caps.ceris.perdue.edu/webfm_send/650 spp. ; Closeupottelialcolumns —M.Deml, . Photos(Clockwisefrom topleft):Diseaseonalternativehost www.biolin.cz/en ; Asclepias spp., ; Acecia —O. cogongrass ( Chris Evans, University of Illinois, Bugwood.org Illinois, of University Evans, Chris
Imperata cylindrica
)
Cogongrass Cogongrass cogongrass ( cogongrass Chuck Bargeron, University of Georgia, Bugwood.org Georgia, of University Bargeron, Chuck
Imperata cylindrica
) ) RedBaron. These areallprohibited in Arkansas Cogongrass includesornamentalJapanese Bloodgrassand Notes Addition offuelfor forestfires. neighboringplantsby producing chemicalsinthesoil. Canbeanagriculture pest. Allelopathic, stuntsgrowthof Damage Dispersalbyrhizomesofexistingplantsandseeds. Dispersal spring. Productionoffluffy, white,plume-likeseedheadsinthe yellowish-greenincolorwiththewhitemidriboff center. are1/2-1inchwideandupto6feetlong.Leaves are Cylindricalinshape.Reachesupto6feetheight. Leaves Identification Imperatacylindrica Cogongrass -C.Evans,IWAP, Bugwood.org Atwater, WCU Inc.,Bugwood.org; Cogongrassroots-C.Bargeron, UGA,Bugwood.org; Front: (Clockwise fromtopleft): Congongrass-C.Evans,IWAP, Bugwood.org; Cogongrassseedhead -M. Information gatheredfrom http://www.cogongrass.org, andJenningset.al.UA exFSA2126.Photos . Chinese Privet Chinese Privet Shell, Ark. State PlantBoard;Front: Privet-PaulShell, Ark. State PlantBoard. Bodner, IWAP, Bugwood.org; Privetfruit-PaulShell, Ark. StatePlantBoard;Privetornamental -Paul southern forests,USDA-FS SRS_119.. Photos(Clockwisefromtopleft:Privet- JamesH.Miller& Ted Information gathered fromJamesMilleret. AL., A fieldguidefortheidentification ofinvasiveplantsin overtakeshabitatfornative floraandfauna. Aggressive, shade tolerant,formsdensethickets,and Damage Colonizebyrootsproutsandseeddispersal wild life. Dispersal summer, dark purplewhenripe. creamformingapanicle.Fruitaredensedrupes, greenin ovatetoelliptic,thinandopposite.Flowersare whiteto Thicket forming evergreen shrubto30feet.Leaves are Identification Ligustrumsinense Water Hyacinth Water Hyacinth ofwetlands. Rapidgrowthovertakes habitatfornativefloraandfauna Damage byseeddispersal. rosettesgrowingfrom thestolonsofmotherplant. Also Fastgrowingandreproducesvegetativelywith new Dispersal centralovalspot. lavender-blue petals withonebrightyellow, blue-bordered fibrousanddarkpurpletoblackincolor. Flowershave6 leaveswithswollen,spongy, bulbousleafstalks.Rootsare Floatingwaterweedwithwaxy, darkgreen,rounded Identification Eichhorniacrassipes Hyacinth - PaulShell, Ark. StatePlant Board LJ. Mehrhoff,UCONN, Bugwood.org; Flower -LJ.Mehrhoff,UCONN.Buewood.org; Front: Water Photos (Clockwisefrom lopleft): Water Hyacinth-Paul Shell, Ark. StatePlantBoard; Water Hyacinth- Information gathered from http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/node/141 Purple Loosestrife Purple Loosestrife loosestrife -PaulShell, Ark. StatePlant Board Mehrhoff, UCONN, Bugwood.org; Stem - R.Routledge,SaultCollege,Bugwood.org; Front:Purple Photos (Clockwisefrom topleft):Purpleloosestrife-PaulShell, Information gathered from Wilson etal. 2004.FHTET-2004-12. 78p. Rapidgrowthovertakes habitatfornativefloraandfauna. Damage Seeddispersal,butalsovegetativelyspreadby root stock. Dispersal waterwaysorotherwetlandhabitats. with5-6petalsandayellowcenter. Canbefoundalong baseandareangledoppositelyalongstern.Purple flowers Erect.Stemssquareshaped,Leavesnarrowwith rounded Identification Lythrum salicaria Ark. StatePlantBoard; Flower-L.J. giant salvinia ( giant salvinia Ted Ted D. Center, USDA Service, Agricultural Research Bugwood.org Salvinia molesta Salvinia
)
Giant Salvinia / Karibaweed Giant Salvinia / Karibaweed damagehydroelectric plants. Canclogirrigationand drinkingwaterlinesaswell Rapidgrowthovertakes habitatfornativefloraandfauna. Damage etc.)andnaturallythrough movingbodiesofwater. Humans(boats,otherwatercrafts,commercial purchase, Dispersal likeeggbeaters. mats.Surfaceoftheleafhascylindrical''hairs" thatlook leaves.Matureplantsgrowintoeachotherforming large Aquatic floatingfernwithgreentobrownoblongshaped Identification Salviniamolesta USDA-ARS. Bugwood.org UCONN, Bugwood.org; Plantmat- T. Evans,GSMNP, Bugwood.org; Front:Infestation - T.D. Center, Photos (Clockwisefrom topleft):Cylindricalhairs-R. Videki, DK,Bugwood-org; Plant-L.J. Mehrhoff, Information gathered fromUSDA-APHISPest Alert. APHIS 81-35-006. tropical soda apple ( apple soda tropical J. Jeffrey Mullahey, University of Florida, Bugwood.orgFlorida, of University Mullahey, J. Jeffrey
Solanum viarum
)
Tropical Soda Apple Tropical Soda Apple canserve as hostforvirusesinfecting crops. grazing.Displacesnative plants,disruptsecosystem,and Canpreventmovement throughareaandrestrictwildlife Damage pottingmedia,manure, etc. Seeddispersalbyanimals andseedcontaminatedhay, sod, Dispersal feettallandwide. mottledgreenthenripenstoyellowincolor. Can grow6 recurvedpetals.Fruitresemblesmallwatermelon - round, mainportion.Leavesresembleoakleaveswithtinywhite Upright,thornyshrubarmedwithlongstraightbarbs along Identification Solanumviarum Bugwood.org Fruit andFlowers -C. T. Bryson,USDA-ARS Bugwood.org; Front: Infestation-J.Mullahey, UF, top left): Thorns onplant -J. W. Everest, AU, Bugwood.org; Leaf-K. A. Rawlins,UG,Bugwood.org; Concern in Arkansas, Univ. of Ark. Divisionof Ag, and Ark. StatePlantBoard. Photos(Clockwisefrom Information gatheredfrom J.Miller. 2003.Gen. Tech. Rep.SRS-62,and Top Ten InvasiveSpeciesof Callery Pear / Bradford Pear Callery Pear / Bradford Pear Paul Shell, Ark. StatePlantBoard. Ark. State Plant Board;Callery Pearflower-Paul Shell, Ark.StatePlantBoard;Front:Callery pear- southern forests,USDA-FS SRS_119.. Photos(Clockwisefromtopleft):Callery pearfruit-PaulShell, Information gathered fromJamesMilleret. Al., A fieldguidefortheidentification ofinvasiveplantsin fromtrunkatnarrow angles. splitsduringwindand icestormsduetobranchesforking overtakeshabitatfornative floraandfauna. Tree often Formsdensethickets, partialshadetolerance,and Damage pearvarieties,andseeddispersalbywildlife. Cancolonizebyrootsprouts,hybridizeswithother callery Dispersal large clusters.Producessmallpearfruits. withlongpetiole.Flowersare5-petaled,white, andin Deciduoustreeupto60feettall.Leavesglossy andovate Identification Pyruscalleryana chinaberry ( Cheryl McCormick, University of Florida, Bugwood.org Florida, of University McCormick,Cheryl
Melia azedarach
)
Chinaberry Chinaberry McCormick, UF, Bugwood.org H. Miller, USFS, Bugwood.org; Fruit-R.F. Billings, TFS, Bugwood.org; Front:Maturetree-C. from topleft):Flowers -C.Evans,IWAP. Bugwood.org: Leaf-J. Information gatheredfrom A. Richardand V. Ramey. UF-IFAS Pub#SP 431.2007.Photos (Clockwise plantdiversity inthearea. fromtreecausesincrease insoilalkalinity, andreduces Shadeoutotherspecies byprolificreproduction,leaflitter Damage Rootsproutsandseed dispersal. Dispersal tube. Yellow-yellowish greenfruitwiththinfleshy globes. with5lilacpetals,stalksofstamensunitedinto darkpurple andlighterbelow, margins serrate.Flowerssmall, fragrant to1.5ftlong,pungentorderwhencrushed,dark greenabove Leavesalternate,long-petioled,2-3timescompound, up Deciduoustreeupto50fttall.Reddish,purplish bark. Identification Meliaazedarach princesstree ( T. Davis Sydnor, The Ohio State University, Bugwood.org University, State Ohio The Sydnor, T. Davis
Paulownia tomentosa
)
Paulownia / Princess tree Paulownia / Princess tree princesstree ( princesstree Pennsylvania Department of of and Resources Department Natural Conservation Pennsylvania princesstree ( princesstree Leslie J. Mehrhoff, University of Connecticut, Bugwood.org Connecticut, of University Mehrhoff, J. Leslie
Paulownia tomentosa
Paulownia tomentosa - Forestry , , Bugwood.org , , Forestry
) )
) princesstree ( princesstree princesstree ( princesstree James R. Allison, Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Bugwood.org Resources, Natural of Department Georgia R. Allison, James Robert Vidéki, Doronicum Kft., Robert Kft., Vidéki, Doronicum Bugwood.org
Paulownia tomentosa
Paulownia tomentosa
) ) ) ) species. Reducesplantdiversityin the areaandshadesoutother Damage Rootsproutsandseed dispersal. Dispersal summertodarkbrownbywinter. in5unequallobes.Fruit:egg-shapedcapsules,green inthe lightviolet-pink.Formsinclusters,tubularcorollas ending andspeckledwithwhitedots.Flowers:large, fragrant,and oppositeonstem,hairybothsides. Twigs: stout, brown, tree.Leaves:large broadovaltoheart-shaped,arranged Mediumsizedtree(30-60ft).Canbemistakenfor calalpa Identification Paulowniatometosa Sydnor, OSU,Bugwood.org Mehrhoff, UC,Bugwood.org; Fruit-R. Videki, DK,Bugwood.org; Front:Maturetree - T. Davis PDCNR, Bugwood.org; Flower&FoliageJ.R. Allison, GDNR,Bugwood.org; Flower -L.J. exotic pestplantcouncil invasiveplantmanual,Bugwood.org. Photos(Clockwisefromtopleft):Foliage - Information gathered fromNPS-USFWS.2010,Plantinvaders ofMid-AtlanticNatural Areas; Southeast tree- of Leslie J. Mehrhoff, University of Connecticut, Bugwood.org Connecticut, of University J. Mehrhoff, Leslie -heaven ( Ailanthus altissima Ailanthus
)
Tree of Heaven Tree of Heaven tree- of - James H. Miller, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org Service, Forest USDA H. Miller, James heaven (
Ailanthus altissima
) ) -heaven ( tree-of Jan Samanek, Phytosanitary Administration, Bugwood.org Administration, Phytosanitary Samanek, Jan Ailanthus altissima
) tree- of Chuck Bargeron, University of Georgia, Bugwood.org Georgia, of University Bargeron, Chuck -heaven ( Ailanthus altissima Ailanthus
Vigorous growth,shadeintolerant,andallelopathic. Damage Rootsproutsandseed dispersal. Dispersal shapedfruitwithtwistedtips. terminalclusterupto20in.Femaletreesproduce wing leafletbase.Flowersareyellow-greenandform alarge pinnatelycompoundleaveswithcircularglands under Upto80feettall.Leavescanbeup3long, Identification Ailanthns altissima Bugwood.org Bugwood.org; Foliage-J.H.Miller, USFS,Bugwood.org; Front:Maturetree-L. J. Mehrhoff,UC,OSU, (Clockwise fromtop left): Flower-J.Samanek,SPA, Bugwood.org; Seed-C.Bargeron, UGA, Information gathered fromMilleret.al.,USDA-FS-SRS-119, Invasiveplantsinsouthernforests. Photos
) kudzu ( kudzu Leslie J. Mehrhoff, University of Connecticut, Bugwood.org Connecticut, of University J. Mehrhoff, Leslie
Pueraria montana var.Pueraria lobata
)
Kudzu Kudzu kudzu (
Leslie J. Mehrhoff, University of Connecticut, Bugwood.org Connecticut, of University Mehrhoff, J. Leslie Pueraria montana var.montana Pueraria lobata kudzu ( kudzu
Leslie J. Mehrhoff, University of Connecticut, Bugwood.org Connecticut, of University J. Mehrhoff, Leslie
Pueraria montana var.Pueraria lobata
)
) kudzu ( kudzu Leslie J. Mehrhoff, University of Connecticut, Bugwood.org Connecticut, of University J. Mehrhoff, Leslie
Pueraria montana var.Pueraria lobata
) Bugwood.org; Front:Mature tree-L.J.Mehrhoff, UC,Bugwood.org Mehrhoff, UC,Bugwood.org; Flower-L.J.Mehrhoff, UC.Bugwood.org; Seed-L.J.Mehrhoff,UC, al., USDA-FS-SRS-119, Invasiveplantsinsouthern forests.Photos(Clockwisefromtop left):Leaves-L.J. Information gathered fromNPS-USFWS.2010,Plantinvaders ofMid-AtlanticNatural treesand weightofplantcanbreak trees. Prolificreproduction, shadeoutother species.Cangirdle Damage canrootatnodesforming newplants. Seeddispersal,rhizomes, sendingoutrunners,andvines Dispersal seedsinabrown,hairy, flattened seedpod. 1/2inchlong,purple,uprightinclusters.Seeds -around10 leaveswiththreeleaflets(maybelobed).Flowers -around growfromoneplant).Leaves-alternateandcompound fastgrowing(canextend30-100ft,upto30vines can Climbingortrailingvine,herbaceoustosemiwoody, and Identification Puerariamontana Areas; andMilleret. sericea lespedeza ( sericea lespedeza John M. Randall, The Nature Conservancy, Bugwood.org Conservancy, Nature The Randall, M. John
Lespedeza cuneata
)
Lespedeza Lespedezasericea lespedeza ( Bruce Ackley, The Ohio State University, Bugwood.org University, State Ohio The Ackley, Bruce Lespedeza cuneata
sericea lespedeza ( sericea lespedeza ) ) Leslie J. Mehrhoff, University of Connecticut, Bugwood.org Connecticut, of University Mehrhoff, J. Leslie
Lespedeza cuneata sericea lespedeza ( lespedeza sericea Bruce Ackley, The Ohio State University, Bugwood.org University, State Ohio The Ackley, Bruce
)
Lespedeza cuneata
)
Bugwood.org Bugwood.org; Seed-B. Ackley, OSU,Bugwood.org; Front:Mature tree-.J.M.Randall, TNC, (Clockwise fromtop left): Flower-L.J.Mehrhoff,UC,Bugwood.or Information gathered fromNPS-USFWS.2010,Plantinvaders ofMid-AtlanticNatural displacesnativeplants. Createsextensiveseed bank.Out-competesand Damage Seeddispersalbywildlife. Dispersal yellow-lightbrown,beanshaped. canbeinclustersattheupperendofleaves.Seeds -tiny Flowers-creamywhitetopaleyellowwithpurple spot, oblongandpointed,coveredwithdenselyflattened hairs. fibrous.Leaves-dividedintothreesmallerleaflets, Perennialplant2-5.5ftinheight,stemsarewoody and Identification Lespedezacuneata g: Foliage-B. Ackley, OSU, Areas. Photos , Visit http://www.hungrypests.com/ for more information on invasive species of concern to Arkansas.