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Major Forest Insect and Disease Conditions in the United States United States Department of Major Forest Insect and Agriculture Forest Service Disease Conditions in FS-933 the United States September 2009 2008 Update United States Department of Major Forest Insect and Agriculture Forest Service Disease Conditions in FS-933 the United States September 2009 2008 Update Disclaimer The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or part of an individual’s income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410, or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Cover photo: Mountain pine beetle mortality on the Medicine Bow National Forest, WY. Photo by Brian Howell, Forest Service. Preface This report represents the 58th annual report prepared by the their own analyses, especially over time. A primary goal is to Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, of the major make the database useful and user friendly to those interested in insect and disease conditions of the Nation’s forests. This this type of information. year’s forest insect and disease conditions report has been rede- signed to focus on the 20 major insects and diseases that annu- The information in this report is provided by the Forest Health ally cause defoliation and mortality in forests of the United Protection program of the Forest Service and its State partners. States. Last year’s report, Major Forest Insect and Disease This program serves all Federal lands, including the National Conditions in the United States 2007, (http://www.fs.fed.us/ Forest System and the lands administered by the U.S. Department foresthealth/publications.shtml#reports) provides background of Defense and the U.S. Department of the Interior. The program information on the 20 insects and diseases described in this also provides service to tribal lands. The program provides report and should be referenced if more detailed information assistance to private landowners through the State foresters and is needed. This report provides a national summary of the other State agencies. A key part of the program is detecting and major changes and status of these 20 forest pests with updated reporting insect and disease epidemics. State and Forest Service charts, tables, and maps. We plan to produce a more detailed program specialists regularly conduct detection surveys. report every 3 to 5 years to update longer term trends, science, For additional information about conditions, contact the Forest treatments, and outlook. We are in the process of developing a Service office listed on the next page (see map for office cover- database and linking it to other datasets so that interested users age) or your State forester. will have access to more information and will be able to do Major Forest Insect and Disease Conditions in the United States 2008 Update iii United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service Forest Health Protection Offices Forest Service, Washington Office Stop Code 1110 1400 Independence Avenue, SW. Washington, DC 20250–1110 703–605–5344 Forest Service Forest Service Northern Region (R-1) Pacific Northwest Region (R-6) P.O. Box 7669 P.O. Box 3623 Missoula, MT 59807 Portland, OR 97208–3623 406–329–3308 503–808–2913 Forest Service Forest Service Rocky Mountain Region (R-2) Southern Region (R-8) P.O. Box 25127 1720 Peachtree Road, NW., Room 816 N Denver, CO 80225 Atlanta, GA 30309 303–275–5026 404–347–3540 Forest Service Forest Service Southwestern Region (R-3) Northeastern Area 333 Broadway Boulevard, SE. 11 Campus Boulevard, Suite 200 Albuquerque, NM 87102 Newtown Square, PA 19073 505–842–3247 610–557–4139 Forest Service Forest Service Intermountain Region (R-4) Alaska Region (R-10) 324 25th Street 3301 C Street, Suite 202 Ogden, UT 84401 Anchorage, AK 99503–3956 801–625–5759 907–743–9455 Forest Service Forest Service Pacific Southwest Region (R-5) International Institute of Tropical Forestry 1323 Club Drive UPR Experiment Station Grounds Vallejo, CA 94592 P.O. Box 25000 707–562–8921 Rio Piedras, PR 00928–5000 787–766–5335 iv Major Forest Insect and Disease Conditions in the United States 2008 Update Forest Service Regions and Area Major Forest Insect and Disease Conditions in the United States 2008 Update v Copies of this report are available from: Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture Attn: Forest Health Protection 1400 Independence Avenue, SW. Stop Code 1110 Washington, DC 20250–1110 Phone: 703–605–5352 Fax: 703–605–5353 E-mail: [email protected] This report is also available on the Internet at http://www.fs.fed.us/foresthealth/current_conditions.shtml. http://www.fs.fed.us/ foresthealth/publications.shtml#reports. vi Major Forest Insect and Disease Conditions in the United States 2008 Update Contents Executive Summary/Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 1 Mountain Pine Beetle ...................................................................................................................................................................... 2 Gypsy Moth .................................................................................................................................................................................... 4 Southern Pine Beetle ....................................................................................................................................................................... 6 Emerald Ash Borer ......................................................................................................................................................................... 8 Sudden Oak Death .......................................................................................................................................................................... 9 Spruce Beetle ................................................................................................................................................................................ 10 Western Bark Beetles .................................................................................................................................................................... 11 Western Spruce Budworm ............................................................................................................................................................ 13 Hemlock Woolly Adelgid ............................................................................................................................................................. 14 Laurel Wilt Disease/Redbay Ambrosia Beetle ............................................................................................................................. 15 Spruce Budworm .......................................................................................................................................................................... 16 Sirex Woodwasp ........................................................................................................................................................................... 17 Dwarf Mistletoes ........................................................................................................................................................................... 18 Asian Longhorned Beetle ............................................................................................................................................................. 19 White Pine Blister Rust ................................................................................................................................................................. 20 Oak Wilt ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 21 Fusiform Rust................................................................................................................................................................................ 22 Dogwood Anthracnose .................................................................................................................................................................. 23 Beech Bark Disease ...................................................................................................................................................................... 24 Butternut Canker ........................................................................................................................................................................... 25 New Pests To Watch ..................................................................................................................................................................... 26 Phytopthora alni
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