Sirex Woodwasp European Woodwasp

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SIREX WOODWASP EUROPEAN WOODWASP NOT KNOWN TO OCCUR IN IDAHO Common names: Sirex Woodwasp, European Woodwasp Scientific name: Sirex noctilio Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) In its native range, spanning from Europe and northern Africa to Mongolia and southern Russia, the Sirex wood wasp is generally considered a minor pest. In contrast, this wasp is considered a major pest in areas it has invaded, such as New Zealand, Australia, South Africa and South America. It has recently invaded North America where, as of winter 2006, it was detected in New York, Pennsylvania and Ontario. Description Adult Sirex wood wasps are 1 to 1.5 inches long, lack the narrow ‘waist’ of other groups of wasps, and have a pointed plate-like projection extending from the tip of the abdomen. Females are metallic blue-black in color with orange legs. Males are similar to females, but the middle portion of the abdomen is orange and the hind legs are black. Larvae, which tunnel in wood, range from 0.04 to 1 inch long and are creamy white with a dark spine projecting from the abdomen. Host Sirex wood wasps feed primarily on pines, including jack, eastern white, red, Scots, and Austrian pines. It also infrequently attacks spruce, larch, fir and Douglas fir. It prefers stressed trees, but can kill apparently healthy trees. Injury results from larval feeding and a toxic mucus and fungus injected into the tree when eggs are laid. Infestations have been documented causing up to 80% tree mortality. Symptoms of attack 1. Trees with needles pointing downward (wilted) and crown turning light green to yellow to reddish brown 2. Beads of resin on bark (oozing from egg-laying sites) 3. Round adult exit holes (0.1 to 0.3 inch diameter) 4. Fungal stains (long, narrow and brown) running with the grain on sapwood 1/18/2012 Other Resources http://www.na.fs.fed.us/spfo/pubs/pest_al/sirex_woodwasp/sirex_woodwasp.htm http://www.aphis.usda.gov/plant_health/plant_pest_info/sirex/index.shtml http://www.invasive.org/browse/subject.cfm?sub=4093 1/18/2012 .

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Biology and Ecology of Sirex, Deladenus and Amylostereum in North America
BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY OF SIREX, DELADENUS AND AMYLOSTEREUM IN NORTH AMERICA A thesis Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Cornell University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science By Isis Andréia Lima Caetano January, 2017 i © 2017 Isis Andréia Lima Caetano iii Abstract Sirex noctilio is a woodwasp that attacks stressed or dying pine trees. It is native to Eurasia and North Africa but has been invasive in the southern hemisphere since the early 1900s. It was found for the first time in the United States in New York State in September 2004 and in Ontario in 2005. Since then it has spread to a total of seven northeastern US states. S. noctilio is more aggressive than the native pine specialist Sirex nigricornis and it is able to kill living pines by injecting a phytotoxic venom and its symbiotic fungus Amylostereum areolatum into tree trunks. The Kamona strain of the nematode Deladenus siricidicola has been extensively used as a biological control agent against invasive S. noctilio in the Southern Hemisphere, where it sterilizes female hosts by entering the eggs and making them inviable. In North America, a non- sterilizing (NS) strain of D. siricidicola, thought to have been introduced with S. noctilio, is commonly found parasitizing this invasive woodwasp. Species of Deladenus that parasitize Sirex have a parasitic form as well as a mycophagous form. Studies were conducted to understand 1. Sirex mating behavior and sexual receptivity, 2. the growth of two strains of D. siricidicola, Kamona and NS, with different strains and species of Amylostereum spp.
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