Il Caffè, Vero Miracolo Italiano

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Il Caffè, Vero Miracolo Italiano Il caffè, vero miracolo italiano Dalle prime bevande* create per infusione nei locali* di Venezia alla 'cuccumella' napoletana, non è facile sapere qual è la città del caffè. Non Lontano da Venezia c'è anche una città, Trieste, dove il caffè ha una grande importanza... Alla fine del Seicento il caffè è la bevanda degli intellettuali per eccellenza: la prima caffetteria apre a Venezia nel 1683, ma già nel 1660 a Parigi un italiano (Francesco Procopio de’ Coltelli), aveva aperto il celebre Cafè Procope, che ha portato al successo internazionale un’altra specialità tutta italiana: il gelato. Mentre*, a Vienna (capitale dell'Austria), nel 1683, è nato il cappuccino. Il merito del cappuccino fu di un italiano, Marco da Aviano, originario da Trieste. Il caffè austriaco, però, gli sembrava troppo amaro, e così ha avuto un’idea: mescolare* del latte per addolcirlo*. In Italia, durante tutto il Settecento, Venezia ha continuato ad essere la capitale del caffè. Nel 1763 in città si contavano ben 218 locali, tra questi il famosissimo caffè Florian. « il caffè “rallegra l’animo, risveglia la mente, allontana il sonno » La svolta* napoletana Da Venezia, la moda del caffè si è diffusa anche nel resto d’Italia e soprattutto* a Napoli nell’Ottocento. I caffettieri che percorrevano la città in lungo e in largo muniti di due recipienti, uno di caffè e uno di latte, e di un cesto* con tazze e zucchero. Questo era stato reso possibile da un’invenzione napoletana: la cuccumella, la celebre caffettiera napoletana, antenata* della moka, inventata nel Novecento. Napoli è diventata la capitale italiana del caffè con la sua reinterpretazione di tostatura* più apprezzata. Il caffè è accompagnato da un dolce la mattina, inventato dai fornai viennesi, chiamato il kipferl, “mezzaluna” in lingua tedesca, una deliziosa 'viennoiserie'. Dopo, il kipferl è andato in Francia, a Parigi, dove fu ribattezzato croissant, cioè “crescente”, mentre* a Napoli ha preso il nome di cornetto. Caffè e cornetto è quindi entrato nella cultura di Vienna, Parigi e Napoli, prima del cappuccino. Ma perché la « tazzulella » (« tazza di caffè » in napoletano) è la più famosa al mondo? La leggenda popolare vuole che il segreto* sia l’acqua, di eccellente qualità nella città di Napoli. Il vero segreto è la particolare tostatura dei chicchi* di caffè : hanno una colorazione più scura rispetto a quella delle altre regioni italiane e straniere. Si dice della tostatura napoletana che é “cotta al punto giusto”. Questa attenzione riduce* l’acidità ed esalta il profumo degli aromi. Tutta questa maestria* dà il caratteristico gusto al caffè napoletano. Un gusto forte e deciso, dal tono amaro e non acido, fa della miscela napoletana una delle più apprezzate dagli specialisti di caffè. Altro punto a favore dell’espresso napoletano è nel fatto che è più salutare degli altri caffè, poiché* l’estrazione di caffeina è bassa. Contrariamente a quanto pensa la gente, il caffè “ristretto” alla napoletana è molto più salutare di un caffè “lungo” che ha un sapore discutibile e una maggiore concentrazione di caffeina. Particolarità : Un’usanza nata nel quartiere Sanità di Napoli: il caffè sospeso. Il cliente paga due caffè, uno per lui e uno a beneficio di un ignoto* povero che lo chiede. Una grande lezione di dignità. Lessico :la bevanda : boisson ; locale : lieu pour boire un verre / café ; addolcire : adoucir ; la svolta : le tournant ; soprattutto : surtout ; un cesto : un panier ; l'antenato : l'ancêtre ; la tostatura : la torrefaction ; mentre : alors que ; mescolare : mélanger ; il segreto : le secret ; il chicco : le grain ; riducere : réduire ; la mestria : le savoir-faire ; poiché = perché ; il sapore : la saveur / le goût ; ignoto : inconnu Trieste: l'altra città del caffè Anche a Trieste il caffè un vero rito*. Trieste era un porto dell’Impero Austriaco quando Napoli e Vienna erano molto legate*. Il caffè proveniva dalla Turchia e arrivava in Europa grazie al porto di Trieste. Tuttavia*, la miscela* triestina non conserva le particolari caratteristiche di tostatura della napoletana e il caffè è più dolce. Per le persone che preferiscono il caffè più dolce, è un vantaggio. A Trieste si preferisce una bevanda più delicata, fruttata e dolce. Trieste ha un ruolo importantissimo per il caffè : il suo porto è il più grande d'Europa per il commercio del caffè. La città ha anche nel suo centro la Borsa del caffè che stabilisce i prezzi del prodotto. Poi, ci sono molte aziende*, botteghe*, bar e locali in città che propongono diverse varietà di questa bevanda* nera. Ci sono anche molte botteghe tradizionali che hanno come attività principale la torrefazione artigianale*. a Trieste, il caffé, non è una bevanda qualunque! Lo dimostra anche il fatto che i triestini sono così legati al caffè da aver addirittura* un lessico tutto particolare per designare le varie declinazioni dei caffè. Se sei a Trieste e vuoi ordinare un caffé devi sapere che, per... : • un caffé espresso in tazzina, devi ordinare* un NERO • un caffé espresso in bicchiere, devi ordinare un NERO IN B • un caffé espresso decaffeinato in tazzina, devi ordinare un DECA • un caffé espresso decaffeinato in bicchiere, devi ordinare un DECA IN B • un caffé espresso macchiato in tazzina, devi ordinare un CAPO • un caffé espresso macchiato in bicchiere devi ordinare un CAPO IN B • un caffé espresso decaffeinato macchiato in tazzina devi ordinare un CAPO DECA • un caffé espresso decaffeinato macchiato in bicchiere devi ordinare un CAPO DECA IN B • un caffé con una goccia di schiuma di latte devi ordinare un GOCCIA • un cappuccino, devi ordinare un CAFFELATTE Ma ricordati questo vale solo per Trieste !! Sources : https://www.lacucinaitaliana.it/news/in-primo-piano/caffe-storia/ https://angeloforgione.com/2011/02/28/storia-e-segreti-del-caffe-a-napoli-rito-e-tradizione-della-citta/ https://www.discover-trieste.it/Trieste-citt%C3%A0-caff%C3%A8/Come-ordinare-un-caff%C3%A8-a-Trieste Lessico : il rito : le rituel ; legato : lié / proche ; tuttavia : toutefois ; la miscela : la qualité du café ; l'azienda : l'entreprise ; la bottega : la boutique ; artigianale : artisanal ; addirittura : carrément ; ordinare : commander.
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