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The Effect of Exceptions Under the Equal Opportunity Act 1984 (SA) on Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, Intersex and Queer (LGBTIQ) South Australians

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The Effect of Exceptions Under the Equal Opportunity Act 1984 (SA) on Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, Intersex and Queer (LGBTIQ) South Australians Issues Paper December 2015 South Australian Law Reform Institute ‘Lawful Discrimination’: The effect of exceptions under the Equal Opportunity Act 1984 (SA) on Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, Intersex and Queer (LGBTIQ) South Australians The South Australian Law Reform Institute was established in December 2010 by agreement between the Attorney-General of South Australia, the University of Adelaide and the Law Society of South Australia. It is based at the University of Adelaide Law School. Postal address: SA Law Reform Institute Adelaide Law School University of Adelaide North Terrace Adelaide SA 5005 Contact details: (08) 8313 5582 [email protected] http://www.law.adelaide.edu.au/research/law- reform-institute/ Publications All SALRI publications, including this one, are available to download free of charge from the Institute’s webpage. The cover illustration is from https://www.flickr.com/photos/gnackgnackgnack/35305052 94/ and is distributed under Creative Commons Licence CC- BY NC 2.0. 2 Contents PARTICIPANTS .............................................................................................................................................................. 5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................................................................... 5 ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................................................................................ 5 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................................... 6 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................................... 8 Some Notes on Terminology .............................................................................................................................. 8 CURRENT SOUTH AUSTRALIAN SITUATION .......................................................................................................... 10 Recommended Changes to Protection Provisions ............................................................................................... 11 LAWFUL DISCRIMINATION UNDER THE EQUAL OPPORTUNITY ACT 1984 (SA) ......................................................................... 11 RATIONALE BEHIND EXISTING EXCEPTIONS ........................................................................................................................ 14 ISSUES WITH EXISTING EXCEPTIONS TO DISCRIMINATION UNDER THE EQUAL OPPORTUNITY ACT 1984 (SA) .................................. 16 PARTICULAR EXCEPTIONS GIVING RISE TO CONCERN .......................................................................................... 16 RELIGIOUS ORGANISATIONS .......................................................................................................................................... 16 Employment in Religious Schools ........................................................................................................................................ 20 General Exceptions .............................................................................................................................................................. 22 Ordaining and Training ................................................................................................................................... 23 SPORT ...................................................................................................................................................................... 23 HEALTH CARE ............................................................................................................................................................. 25 Blood Donation ..................................................................................................................................................................... 26 Exception of Services from the Equal Opportunity Act 1984 (SA) ....................................................................................... 27 Religious Organisations ................................................................................................................................. 28 CLUBS AND ASSOCIATIONS ............................................................................................................................................ 28 MEASURES INTENDED TO ACHIEVE EQUALITY ................................................................................................................... 29 AUSTRALIAN EQUAL OPPORTUNITY FRAMEWORKS ............................................................................................ 31 RELIGIOUS BODIES ...................................................................................................................................................... 31 Employment in Religious Schools ........................................................................................................................................ 32 Students at Religious Schools ............................................................................................................................................. 35 General Exceptions .............................................................................................................................................................. 35 Ordaining and Membership.............................................................................................................................. 36 SPORT ...................................................................................................................................................................... 37 HEALTH CARE ............................................................................................................................................................. 38 CLUBS AND ASSOCIATIONS ............................................................................................................................................ 39 MEASURES INTENDED TO ACHIEVE EQUALITY .................................................................................................................... 39 WHY REFORM? .......................................................................................................................................................... 40 OPTION A: NO REFORM ............................................................................................................................................... 41 3 OPTION B: MODIFY CERTAIN EXCEPTIONS ........................................................................................................................ 41 Religious Organisations ....................................................................................................................................................... 42 Sport ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 43 Health Care .......................................................................................................................................................................... 43 Clubs and Associations ........................................................................................................................................................ 44 Measures intended to achieve equality ............................................................................................................. 44 OPTION C: GENERAL LIMITATIONS CLAUSE ...................................................................................................................... 44 OPTION D: EXCEPTIONS BY APPLICATION ONLY ................................................................................................................ 46 BIBLIOGRAPHY .................................................................................................................................................... 48 APPENDIX 1 ......................................................................................................................................................... 53 QUESTIONS ................................................................................................................................................................ 53 APPENDIX 2 ......................................................................................................................................................... 54 EXCEPTION PROVISIONS IN EQUAL OPPORTUNITY ACT 1984 (SA) ........................................................................................ 54 5—Interpretation .................................................................................................................................................................. 54 34—Exemptions ................................................................................................................................................................... 54 35—Discrimination by associations ..................................................................................................................................... 55 37—Discrimination by educational authorities ....................................................................................................................
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